[{"title":"Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:43:52Z","_id":"17535","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"13","date_updated":"2024-09-12T09:08:08Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses of ∼109 M⊙ within the first billion year of the universe challenge our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. One pathway to these SMBHs proposes that supermassive stars born in pristine atomic cooling haloes yield massive seed BHs evolving to these early SMBHs. This scenario leads to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), in which the BH to stellar mass ratio is initially Mbh/M* ≥ 1, well in excess of the typical values of ∼10−3 at low redshifts. Previously, we have investigated two massive seed BH candidates from the Renaissance simulation and found that they remain outliers on the Mbh–M* relation until the OMBG merges with a much more massive halo at z = 8. In this work, we use Monte-Carlo merger trees to investigate the evolution of the Mbh–M* relation for 50 000 protogalaxies hosting massive BH seeds, across 10 000 trees that merge into a 1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6. We find that up to 60 per cent (depending on growth parameters) of these OMBGs remain strong outliers for several 100 Myr, down to redshifts detectable with JWST and with sensitive X-ray telescopes. This represents a way to diagnose the massive-seed formation pathway for early SMBHs. We expect to find ∼0.1–1 of these objects per JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) field per unit redshift at z ≳ 6. Recently detected SMBHs with masses of ∼107 M⊙ and low-inferred stellar-mass hosts may be examples of this population."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"volume":531,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Scoggins, Matthew T., and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 4584–97, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.","short":"M.T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 531 (2024) 4584–4597.","ista":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. 2024. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 531(4), 4584–4597.","ama":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;531(4):4584-4597. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>","chicago":"Scoggins, Matthew T, and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.","apa":"Scoggins, M. T., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2024). Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>","ieee":"M. T. Scoggins and Z. Haiman, “Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4584–4597, 2024."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae1449","issue":"4","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"06","year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"4584-4597","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       531","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Scoggins, Matthew T","first_name":"Matthew T","last_name":"Scoggins"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman"}]},{"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","_id":"17521","day":"13","publisher":"Oxford University Press","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:20:27Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-10T14:43:04Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole binaries (MBHB). Finding the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts for these GW events will be crucial for understanding how and where MBHBs merge, measuring their redshifts, constraining the Hubble constant and the graviton mass, and for other novel science applications. However, due to poor GW sky localization, multiwavelength, time-dependent EM models are needed to identify the right host galaxy. We studied merging MBHBs embedded in a circumbinary disc (CBD) using high-resolution two-dimensional simulations, with a Γ-law equation of state, incorporating viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling. We simulate the binary from large separation until after merger, allowing us to model the decoupling of the binary from the CBD. We compute the EM signatures and identify distinct features before, during, and after the merger. Our main result is a multiband EM signature: we find that the MBHB produces strong thermal X-ray emission until 1–2 d prior to the merger. However, as the binary decouples from the CBD, the X-ray-bright minidiscs rapidly shrink in size, become disrupted, and the accretion rate drops precipitously. As a result, the thermal X-ray luminosity drops by orders of magnitude, and the source remains X-ray dark for several days, regardless of any post-merger effects such as GW recoil or mass-loss. Looking for the abrupt spectral change where the thermal X-ray disappears is a tell-tale EM signature of LISA mergers that does not require extensive pre-merger monitoring."}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3095","citation":{"mla":"Krauth, Luke Major, et al. “Disappearing Thermal X-Ray Emission as a Tell-Tale Signature of Merging Massive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 5441–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>.","short":"L.M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, J.R. Westernacher-Schneider, Z. Haiman, J. Zrake, A. MacFadyen, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 526 (2023) 5441–5454.","chicago":"Krauth, Luke Major, Jordy Davelaar, John Ryan Westernacher-Schneider, Zoltán Haiman, Jonathan Zrake, and Andrew MacFadyen. “Disappearing Thermal X-Ray Emission as a Tell-Tale Signature of Merging Massive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>.","apa":"Krauth, L. M., Davelaar, J., Westernacher-Schneider, J. R., Haiman, Z., Zrake, J., &#38; MacFadyen, A. (2023). Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>","ista":"Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Haiman Z, Zrake J, MacFadyen A. 2023. Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526(4), 5441–5454.","ama":"Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Haiman Z, Zrake J, MacFadyen A. Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;526(4):5441-5454. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>","ieee":"L. M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, J. R. Westernacher-Schneider, Z. Haiman, J. Zrake, and A. MacFadyen, “Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5441–5454, 2023."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":526,"title":"Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries","date_published":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","page":"5441-5454","intvolume":"       526","author":[{"full_name":"Krauth, Luke Major","first_name":"Luke Major","last_name":"Krauth"},{"first_name":"Jordy","full_name":"Davelaar, Jordy","last_name":"Davelaar"},{"last_name":"Westernacher-Schneider","first_name":"John Ryan","full_name":"Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","full_name":"Zrake, Jonathan","last_name":"Zrake"},{"first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"MacFadyen, Andrew","last_name":"MacFadyen"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095"}],"extern":"1","month":"10","issue":"4","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","article_type":"original"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The early growth of black holes (BHs) in high-redshift galaxies is likely feedback regulated. While radiative feedback has been extensively studied, the role of mechanical feedback has received less scrutiny to date. Here, we use high-resolution parsec-scale hydrodynamical simulations to study jet propagation and its effect on 100 M⊙ BH accretion in the dense, low-metallicity gas expected in early protogalaxies. As the jet propagates, it shocks the surrounding gas forming a jet cocoon. The cocoon consists of a rapidly cooling cold phase at the interface with the background gas and an overpressured subsonic phase of reverse shock-heated gas filling the interior. We vary the background gas density and temperature, BH feedback efficiency, and the jet model. We found that the width of the jet cocoon roughly follows a scaling derived by assuming momentum conservation in the jet-propagation direction and energy conservation in the lateral directions. Depending on the assumed gas and jet properties, the cocoon either stays elongated to large radii or isotropizes before reaching the Bondi radius, forming a nearly spherical bubble. Lower jet velocities and higher background gas densities result in self-regulation to higher momentum fluxes and elongated cocoons. In all cases, the outward cocoon momentum flux balances the inward inflowing gas momentum flux near the Bondi radius, which ultimately regulates BH accretion. The time-averaged accretion rate always remains below the Bondi rate, and exceeds the Eddington rate only if the ambient medium is dense and cold, and/or the jet is weak (low velocity and mass loading).","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-11T07:39:21Z","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad252","citation":{"ieee":"K.-Y. Su, G. L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, R. S. Somerville, C. C. Hayward, and C.-A. Faucher-Giguère, “Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 4258–4275, 2023.","ista":"Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z, Somerville RS, Hayward CC, Faucher-Giguère C-A. 2023. Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 520(3), 4258–4275.","ama":"Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z, Somerville RS, Hayward CC, Faucher-Giguère C-A. Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;520(3):4258-4275. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>","chicago":"Su, Kung-Yi, Greg L Bryan, Zoltán Haiman, Rachel S Somerville, Christopher C Hayward, and Claude-André Faucher-Giguère. “Self-Regulation of Black Hole Accretion via Jets in Early Protogalaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>.","apa":"Su, K.-Y., Bryan, G. L., Haiman, Z., Somerville, R. S., Hayward, C. C., &#38; Faucher-Giguère, C.-A. (2023). Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>","short":"K.-Y. Su, G.L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, R.S. Somerville, C.C. Hayward, C.-A. Faucher-Giguère, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 520 (2023) 4258–4275.","mla":"Su, Kung-Yi, et al. “Self-Regulation of Black Hole Accretion via Jets in Early Protogalaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 4258–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>."},"volume":520,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"27","_id":"17522","date_created":"2024-09-05T09:22:35Z","oa":1,"date_published":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","title":"Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies","intvolume":"       520","author":[{"first_name":"Kung-Yi","full_name":"Su, Kung-Yi","last_name":"Su"},{"last_name":"Bryan","full_name":"Bryan, Greg L","first_name":"Greg L"},{"last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"},{"last_name":"Somerville","full_name":"Somerville, Rachel S","first_name":"Rachel S"},{"first_name":"Christopher C","full_name":"Hayward, Christopher C","last_name":"Hayward"},{"last_name":"Faucher-Giguère","first_name":"Claude-André","full_name":"Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","page":"4258-4275","article_type":"original","month":"01","extern":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"3","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":526,"citation":{"short":"H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 526 (2023) 69–79.","mla":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, and Zoltán Haiman. “Flares from Stars Crossing Active Galactic Nucleus Discs on Low-Inclination Orbits.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 69–79, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>.","ieee":"H. Tagawa and Z. Haiman, “Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 69–79, 2023.","ama":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z. Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;526(1):69-79. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>","ista":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z. 2023. Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526(1), 69–79.","apa":"Tagawa, H., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>","chicago":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, and Zoltán Haiman. “Flares from Stars Crossing Active Galactic Nucleus Discs on Low-Inclination Orbits.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad2616","date_updated":"2024-09-11T08:52:17Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The origin of the recently discovered new class of transients, X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), remains a puzzle. Due to their periodicity and association with active galactic nuclei (AGNs), it is natural to relate these eruptions to stars or compact objects in tight orbits around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this paper, we predict the properties of emission from bow shocks produced by stars crossing AGN discs, and compare them to the observed properties of QPEs. We find that when a star’s orbit is retrograde and has a low inclination (≲40°) with respect to the AGN disc and the star is massive (≳10 M⊙), the breakout emission from the bow shock can explain the observed duration (∼hours) and X-ray luminosity (∼few × 1042 erg s−1) of QPEs. This model can further explain various observed features of QPEs, such as their complex luminosity evolution, the gradual decline of luminosity of the flares over several years, the evolution of the hardness ratio, the modulation of the luminosity during quiescent phases, and the preference of the central SMBHs to have low masses."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:30:18Z","oa":1,"_id":"17527","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"05","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","title":"Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Tagawa","first_name":"Hiromichi","full_name":"Tagawa, Hiromichi"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"}],"intvolume":"       526","page":"69-79","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"09"},{"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2023","extern":"1","month":"05","issue":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","page":"1126-1139","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"DeLaurentiis","first_name":"Stanislav","full_name":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav"},{"full_name":"Epstein-Martin, Marguerite","first_name":"Marguerite","last_name":"Epstein-Martin"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"       523","title":"Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","_id":"17539","day":"10","publisher":"Oxford University Press","date_created":"2024-09-05T09:53:03Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1412","citation":{"chicago":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, Marguerite Epstein-Martin, and Zoltán Haiman. “Gas Dynamical Friction as a Binary Formation Mechanism in AGN Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>.","apa":"DeLaurentiis, S., Epstein-Martin, M., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>","ista":"DeLaurentiis S, Epstein-Martin M, Haiman Z. 2023. Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523(1), 1126–1139.","ama":"DeLaurentiis S, Epstein-Martin M, Haiman Z. Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;523(1):1126-1139. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>","ieee":"S. DeLaurentiis, M. Epstein-Martin, and Z. Haiman, “Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 523, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1126–1139, 2023.","mla":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, et al. “Gas Dynamical Friction as a Binary Formation Mechanism in AGN Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 523, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1126–39, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>.","short":"S. DeLaurentiis, M. Epstein-Martin, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 523 (2023) 1126–1139."},"volume":523,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-12T09:46:18Z","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper, we study how gaseous dynamical friction (DF) affects the motion of fly-by stellar-mass black holes (sBHs) embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs. We perform three-body integrations of the interaction of two co-planar sBHs in nearby, initially circular orbits around the supermassive black hole. We find that DF can facilitate the formation of gravitationally bound near-Keplerian binaries in AGN discs, and we delineate the discrete ranges of impact parameters and AGN disc parameters for which such captures occur. We also report trends in the bound binaries’ eccentricity and sense of rotation (prograde or retrograde with respect to the background AGN disc) as a function of the impact parameter of the initial encounter. While based on an approximate description of gaseous friction, our results suggest that binary formation in AGN discs should be common and may produce both prograde and retrograde, as well as both circular and eccentric binaries.","lang":"eng"}]},{"article_type":"original","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"1","month":"04","extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Alessia","full_name":"Franchini, Alessia","last_name":"Franchini"},{"last_name":"Lupi","full_name":"Lupi, Alessandro","first_name":"Alessandro"},{"first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Sesana, Alberto","last_name":"Sesana"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"intvolume":"       522","page":"1569-1574","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","title":"The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":522,"citation":{"ieee":"A. Franchini, A. Lupi, A. Sesana, and Z. Haiman, “The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 522, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1569–1574, 2023.","chicago":"Franchini, Alessia, Alessandro Lupi, Alberto Sesana, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Importance of Live Binary Evolution in Numerical Simulations of Binaries Embedded in Circumbinary Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>.","apa":"Franchini, A., Lupi, A., Sesana, A., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>","ista":"Franchini A, Lupi A, Sesana A, Haiman Z. 2023. The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 522(1), 1569–1574.","ama":"Franchini A, Lupi A, Sesana A, Haiman Z. The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;522(1):1569-1574. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>","short":"A. Franchini, A. Lupi, A. Sesana, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 522 (2023) 1569–1574.","mla":"Franchini, Alessia, et al. “The Importance of Live Binary Evolution in Numerical Simulations of Binaries Embedded in Circumbinary Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 522, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1569–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1070","abstract":[{"text":"The shrinking of a binary orbit driven by the interaction with a gaseous circumbinary disc, initially advocated as a potential way to catalyse the binary merger, has recently been debated in the case of geometrically thick (i.e. with H/R ≳ 0.1) discs. However, a clear consensus is still missing mainly owing to numerical limitations, such as fixed orbit binaries or lack of resolution inside the cavity carved by the binary in its circumbinary disc. In this work, we assess the importance of evolving the binary orbit by means of hydrodynamic simulations performed with the code gizmo in meshless finite mass mode. In order to model the interaction between equal mass circular binaries and their locally isothermal circumbinary discs, we enforce hyper-Lagrangian resolution inside the cavity. We find that fixing the binary orbit ultimately leads to an overestimate of the gravitational torque that the gas exerts on the binary and an underestimate of the torque due to the accretion of material on to the binary components. Furthermore, we find that the modulation of the accretion rate on the binary orbital period is strongly suppressed in the fixed orbit simulation, while it is clearly present in the live binary simulations. This has potential implications for the prediction of the observable periodicities in massive black hole binary candidates.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-18T09:30:21Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T10:08:46Z","oa":1,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"12","_id":"17548","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"2","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"03","article_type":"original","page":"2050-2066","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Tianhuan","full_name":"Lu, Tianhuan"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Xiangchong","full_name":"Li, Xiangchong"}],"intvolume":"       521","title":"Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2024-09-05T10:14:34Z","oa":1,"_id":"17551","day":"06","publisher":"Oxford University Press","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":521,"citation":{"short":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, X. Li, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 521 (2023) 2050–2066.","mla":"Lu, Tianhuan, et al. “Cosmological Constraints from HSC Survey First-Year Data Using Deep Learning.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 521, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2050–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>.","ieee":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, and X. Li, “Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 521, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2050–2066, 2023.","ama":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Li X. Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;521(2):2050-2066. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>","ista":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Li X. 2023. Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 521(2), 2050–2066.","apa":"Lu, T., Haiman, Z., &#38; Li, X. (2023). Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>","chicago":"Lu, Tianhuan, Zoltán Haiman, and Xiangchong Li. “Cosmological Constraints from HSC Survey First-Year Data Using Deep Learning.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad686","date_updated":"2024-09-18T10:09:01Z","abstract":[{"text":"We present cosmological constraints from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) first-year weak lensing shear catalogue using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and conventional summary statistics. We crop 19 3×3deg2 sub-fields from the first-year area, divide the galaxies with redshift 0.3≤z≤1.5 into four equally-spaced redshift bins, and perform tomographic analyses. We develop a pipeline to generate simulated convergence maps from cosmological N-body simulations, where we account for effects such as intrinsic alignments (IAs), baryons, photometric redshift errors, and point spread function errors, to match characteristics of the real catalogue. We train CNNs that can predict the underlying parameters from the simulated maps, and we use them to construct likelihood functions for Bayesian analyses. In the Λ cold dark matter model with two free cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8, we find Ωm=0.278+0.037−0.035, S8≡(Ωm/0.3)0.5σ8=0.793+0.017−0.018, and the IA amplitude AIA=0.20+0.55−0.58. In a model with four additional free baryonic parameters, we find Ωm=0.268+0.040−0.036, S8=0.819+0.034−0.024, and AIA=−0.16+0.59−0.58, with the baryonic parameters not being well-constrained. We also find that statistical uncertainties of the parameters by the CNNs are smaller than those from the power spectrum (5--24 percent smaller for S8 and a factor of 2.5--3.0 smaller for Ωm), showing the effectiveness of CNNs for uncovering additional cosmological information from the HSC data. With baryons, the S8 discrepancy between HSC first-year data and Planck 2018 is reduced from ∼2.2σ to 0.3--0.5σ.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]}},{"oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T10:32:08Z","_id":"17557","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","volume":527,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Rowan, Connar, et al. “Black Hole Binaries in AGN Accretion Discs – II. Gas Effects on Black Hole Satellite Scatterings.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023, pp. 10448–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>.","short":"C. Rowan, H. Whitehead, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2023) 10448–10468.","chicago":"Rowan, Connar, Henry Whitehead, Tjarda Boekholt, Bence Kocsis, and Zoltán Haiman. “Black Hole Binaries in AGN Accretion Discs – II. Gas Effects on Black Hole Satellite Scatterings.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>.","apa":"Rowan, C., Whitehead, H., Boekholt, T., Kocsis, B., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press (OUP). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>","ama":"Rowan C, Whitehead H, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;527(4):10448-10468. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>","ista":"Rowan C, Whitehead H, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. 2023. Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 10448–10468.","ieee":"C. Rowan, H. Whitehead, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, and Z. Haiman, “Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press (OUP), pp. 10448–10468, 2023."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3641","date_updated":"2024-09-18T12:11:28Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The black hole (BH) binaries in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to form mainly through scattering encounters in the ambient gaseous medium. Recent simulations, including our own, have confirmed this formation pathway is highly efficient. We perform 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of BH scattering encounters in AGN discs. Using a range of impact parameters, we probe the necessary conditions for binary capture and how different orbital trajectories affect the dissipative effects from the gas. We identify a single range of impact parameters, typically of width ∼0.86−1.59 binary Hill radii depending on AGN disc density, that reliably leads to binary formation. The periapsis of the first encounter is the primary variable that determines the outcome of the initial scattering. We find an associated power law between the energy dissipated and the periapsis depth to be ΔE ∝ r−b with b = 0.42 ± 0.16, where deeper encounters dissipate more energy. Excluding accretion physics does not significantly alter these results. We identify the region of parameter space in initial energy versus impact parameter where a scattering leads to binary formation. Based on our findings, we provide a ready-to-use analytic criterion that utilizes these two pre-encounter parameters to determine the outcome of an encounter, with a reliability rate of &amp;gt;90 per cent. As the criterion is based directly on our simulations, it provides a reliable and highly physically motivated criterion for predicting binary scattering outcomes which can be used in population studies of BH binaries and mergers around AGN."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"title":"Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","page":"10448-10468","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Connar","full_name":"Rowan, Connar","last_name":"Rowan"},{"first_name":"Henry","full_name":"Whitehead, Henry","last_name":"Whitehead"},{"last_name":"Boekholt","full_name":"Boekholt, Tjarda","first_name":"Tjarda"},{"first_name":"Bence","full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","last_name":"Kocsis"},{"last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"}],"intvolume":"       527","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"4","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"01","article_type":"original"},{"title":"Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T13:09:11Z","_id":"17602","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"03","date_updated":"2024-09-23T13:42:19Z","abstract":[{"text":"Motivated by the increasing number of detections of merging black holes by LIGO-VIRGO-KAGRA, black hole (BH) binary mergers in the discs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is investigated as a possible merger channel. In this pathway, BH encounters in the gas disc form mutually bound BH binary systems through interaction with the gas in the disc and subsequently inspiral through gravitational torques induced by the local gas. To determine the feasibility of this merger pathway, we present the first three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and evolution of a stellar-mass BH binaries AGN discs with three different AGN disc masses and five different initial radial separations. These 15 simulations show binary capture of prograde and retrograde binaries can be successful in a range of disc densities including cases well below that of a standard radiatively efficient alpha disc, identifying that the majority of these captured binaries are then subsequently hardened by the surrounding gas. The eccentricity evolution depends strongly on the orbital rotation where prograde binaries are governed by gravitational torques form their circumbinary mini disc, with eccentricities being damped, while for retrograde binaries the eccentricities are excited to >∼ 0.9 by accretion torques. In two cases, retrograde binaries ultimately undergo a close periapsis passage which results in a merger via gravitational waves after only a few thousand binary orbits. Thus, the merger time-scale can be far shorter than the AGN disc lifetime. These simulations support an efficient AGN disc merger pathway for BHs.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"volume":524,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1926","citation":{"mla":"Rowan, Connar, et al. “Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Discs: From Isolation to Merger.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2770–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>.","short":"C. Rowan, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 524 (2023) 2770–2796.","ama":"Rowan C, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;524(2):2770-2796. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>","ista":"Rowan C, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. 2023. Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 524(2), 2770–2796.","apa":"Rowan, C., Boekholt, T., Kocsis, B., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>","chicago":"Rowan, Connar, Tjarda Boekholt, Bence Kocsis, and Zoltán Haiman. “Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Discs: From Isolation to Merger.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>.","ieee":"C. Rowan, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, and Z. Haiman, “Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2770–2796, 2023."},"issue":"2","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"07","year":"2023","quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"2770-2796","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       524","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Connar","full_name":"Rowan, Connar","last_name":"Rowan"},{"last_name":"Boekholt","first_name":"Tjarda","full_name":"Boekholt, Tjarda"},{"last_name":"Kocsis","full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","first_name":"Bence"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}]},{"page":"1518-1528","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Tianhuan","full_name":"Lu, Tianhuan","last_name":"Lu"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"first_name":"José Manuel","full_name":"Zorrilla Matilla, José Manuel","last_name":"Zorrilla Matilla"}],"intvolume":"       511","year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"01","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-09-05T12:02:56Z","oa":1,"_id":"17562","day":"28","publisher":"Oxford University Press","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":511,"citation":{"short":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, J.M. Zorrilla Matilla, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511 (2022) 1518–1528.","mla":"Lu, Tianhuan, et al. “Simultaneously Constraining Cosmology and Baryonic Physics via Deep Learning from Weak Lensing.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 511, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 1518–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161\">10.1093/mnras/stac161</a>.","ieee":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, and J. M. Zorrilla Matilla, “Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 511, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1518–1528, 2022.","chicago":"Lu, Tianhuan, Zoltán Haiman, and José Manuel Zorrilla Matilla. “Simultaneously Constraining Cosmology and Baryonic Physics via Deep Learning from Weak Lensing.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161</a>.","apa":"Lu, T., Haiman, Z., &#38; Zorrilla Matilla, J. M. (2022). Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161</a>","ama":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Zorrilla Matilla JM. Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;511(1):1518-1528. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161\">10.1093/mnras/stac161</a>","ista":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Zorrilla Matilla JM. 2022. Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511(1), 1518–1528."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac161","date_updated":"2024-09-18T12:41:52Z","abstract":[{"text":"Ongoing and planned weak lensing (WL) surveys are becoming deep enough to contain information on angular scales down to a few arcmin. To fully extract information from these small scales, we must capture non-Gaussian features in the cosmological WL signal while accurately accounting for baryonic effects. In this work, we account for baryonic physics via a baryonic correction model that modifies the matter distribution in dark matter-only N-body simulations, mimicking the effects of galaxy formation and feedback. We implement this model in a large suite of ray-tracing simulations, spanning a grid of cosmological models in Ωm−σ8 space. We then develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to learn and constrain cosmological and baryonic parameters simultaneously from the simulated WL convergence maps. We find that in a Hyper-Suprime Cam-like survey, our CNN achieves a 1.7× tighter constraint in Ωm−σ8 space (1σ area) than the power spectrum and 2.1× tighter than the peak counts, showing that the CNN can efficiently extract non-Gaussian cosmological information even while marginalizing over baryonic effects. When we combine our CNN with the power spectrum, the baryonic effects degrade the constraint in Ωm−σ8 space by a factor of 2.4, compared to the much worse degradation by a factor of 4.7 or 3.7 from either method alone.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"title":"Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z"},{"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","title":"How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations?","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The existence of 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the Universe remains a puzzle in our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. Several suggested formation pathways for these SMBHs lead to a heavy seed, with an initial black hole mass of 104–106 M⊙. This can lead to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), whose nuclear black hole’s mass is comparable to or even greater than the surrounding stellar mass: the black hole to stellar mass ratio is Mbh/M* ≫ 10−3, well in excess of the typical values at lower redshift. We investigate how long these newborn BHs remain outliers in the Mbh − M* relation, by exploring the subsequent evolution of two OMBGs previously identified in the Renaissance simulations. We find that both OMBGs have Mbh/M* &amp;gt; 1 during their entire life, from their birth at z ≈ 15 until they merge with much more massive haloes at z ≈ 8. We find that the OMBGs are spatially resolvable from their more massive, 1011 M⊙, neighbouring haloes until their mergers are complete at z ≈ 8. This affords a window for future observations with JWST and sensitive X-ray telescopes to diagnose the heavy-seed scenario, by detecting similar OMBGs and establishing their uniquely high black hole-to-stellar mass ratio."}],"date_updated":"2024-09-19T07:18:22Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"volume":519,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3715","citation":{"short":"M.T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, J.H. Wise, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2022) 2155–2168.","mla":"Scoggins, Matthew T., et al. “How Long Do High Redshift Massive Black Hole Seeds Remain Outliers in Black Hole versus Host Galaxy Relations?” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 2155–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715\">10.1093/mnras/stac3715</a>.","ieee":"M. T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, and J. H. Wise, “How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations?,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2155–2168, 2022.","ista":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z, Wise JH. 2022. How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(2), 2155–2168.","ama":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z, Wise JH. How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;519(2):2155-2168. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715\">10.1093/mnras/stac3715</a>","apa":"Scoggins, M. T., Haiman, Z., &#38; Wise, J. H. (2022). How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715</a>","chicago":"Scoggins, Matthew T, Zoltán Haiman, and John H Wise. “How Long Do High Redshift Massive Black Hole Seeds Remain Outliers in Black Hole versus Host Galaxy Relations?” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715</a>."},"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T12:14:22Z","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"20","_id":"17571","article_type":"original","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"2","month":"12","extern":"1","year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"       519","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Matthew T","full_name":"Scoggins, Matthew T","last_name":"Scoggins"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"first_name":"John H","full_name":"Wise, John H","last_name":"Wise"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","page":"2155-2168","publication_status":"published"},{"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3664","citation":{"ista":"De Rosa A, Vignali C, Severgnini P, Bianchi S, Bogdanović T, Charisi M, Guainazzi M, Haiman Z, Komossa S, Paragi Z, Perez-Torres M, Piconcelli E, Ducci L, Parvatikar M, Serafinelli R. 2022. The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(4), 5149–5160.","ama":"De Rosa A, Vignali C, Severgnini P, et al. The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;519(4):5149-5160. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664\">10.1093/mnras/stac3664</a>","apa":"De Rosa, A., Vignali, C., Severgnini, P., Bianchi, S., Bogdanović, T., Charisi, M., … Serafinelli, R. (2022). The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664</a>","chicago":"De Rosa, Alessandra, Cristian Vignali, Paola Severgnini, Stefano Bianchi, Tamara Bogdanović, Maria Charisi, Matteo Guainazzi, et al. “The X-Ray View of Optically Selected Dual AGN.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664</a>.","ieee":"A. De Rosa <i>et al.</i>, “The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5149–5160, 2022.","mla":"De Rosa, Alessandra, et al. “The X-Ray View of Optically Selected Dual AGN.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 5149–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664\">10.1093/mnras/stac3664</a>.","short":"A. De Rosa, C. Vignali, P. Severgnini, S. Bianchi, T. Bogdanović, M. Charisi, M. Guainazzi, Z. Haiman, S. Komossa, Z. Paragi, M. Perez-Torres, E. Piconcelli, L. Ducci, M. Parvatikar, R. Serafinelli, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2022) 5149–5160."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":519,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"text":"We present a study of optically selected dual Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with projected separations of 3–97 kpc. Using multiwavelength (MWL) information (optical, X-ray, mid-IR), we characterized the intrinsic nuclear properties of this sample and compared them with those of isolated systems. Among the 124 X-ray-detected AGN candidates, 52 appear in pairs and 72 as single X-ray sources. Through MWL analysis, we confirmed the presence of the AGN in &amp;gt;80 per cent of the detected targets in pairs (42 out of 52). X-ray spectral analysis confirms the trend of increasing AGN luminosity with decreasing separation, suggesting that mergers may have contributed to triggering more luminous AGN. Through X-ray/mid-IR ratio versus X-ray colours, we estimated a fraction of Compton-thin AGN (with 1022 cm−2 &amp;lt; NH &amp;lt; 1024 cm−2) of about 80 per cent, while about 16 per cent are Compton-thick sources (with NH &amp;gt; 1024 cm−2). These fractions of obscured sources are larger than those found in samples of isolated AGN, confirming that pairs of AGN show higher obscuration. This trend is further confirmed by comparing the de-reddened [O iii] emission with the observed X-ray luminosity. However, the derived fraction of Compton-thick sources in this sample at the early stages of merging is lower than that reported for late-merging dual-AGN samples. Comparing NH from X-rays with that derived from E(B − V) from narrow-line regions, we found that the absorbing material is likely to be associated with the torus or broad-line regions. We also explored the X-ray detection efficiency of dual-AGN candidates, finding that, when observed properly (at on-axis positions and with long exposures), X-ray data represent a powerful way to confirm and investigate dual-AGN systems.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-19T11:24:50Z","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"15","_id":"17580","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T12:23:59Z","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","title":"The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN","author":[{"last_name":"De Rosa","full_name":"De Rosa, Alessandra","first_name":"Alessandra"},{"last_name":"Vignali","full_name":"Vignali, Cristian","first_name":"Cristian"},{"full_name":"Severgnini, Paola","first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Severgnini"},{"full_name":"Bianchi, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bianchi"},{"last_name":"Bogdanović","first_name":"Tamara","full_name":"Bogdanović, Tamara"},{"last_name":"Charisi","full_name":"Charisi, Maria","first_name":"Maria"},{"last_name":"Guainazzi","first_name":"Matteo","full_name":"Guainazzi, Matteo"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"last_name":"Komossa","first_name":"S","full_name":"Komossa, S"},{"full_name":"Paragi, Zsolt","first_name":"Zsolt","last_name":"Paragi"},{"first_name":"Miguel","full_name":"Perez-Torres, Miguel","last_name":"Perez-Torres"},{"last_name":"Piconcelli","first_name":"Enrico","full_name":"Piconcelli, Enrico"},{"first_name":"Lorenzo","full_name":"Ducci, Lorenzo","last_name":"Ducci"},{"last_name":"Parvatikar","first_name":"Manali","full_name":"Parvatikar, Manali"},{"full_name":"Serafinelli, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Serafinelli"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664"}],"intvolume":"       519","publication_status":"published","page":"5149-5160","oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2022","month":"12","extern":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"4"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","page":"1601-1616","intvolume":"       518","author":[{"last_name":"Toyouchi","first_name":"Daisuke","full_name":"Toyouchi, Daisuke"},{"first_name":"Kohei","full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei","last_name":"Inayoshi"},{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Wenxiu","full_name":"Li, Wenxiu"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"first_name":"Rolf","full_name":"Kuiper, Rolf","last_name":"Kuiper"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191"}],"extern":"1","month":"11","issue":"2","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2022","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","_id":"17588","day":"09","publisher":"Oxford University Press","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T12:33:59Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-19T12:06:18Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Supermassive stars (SMSs) with masses of M∗≃104--105 M⊙ are invoked as possible seeds of high-redshift supermassive black holes, but it remains under debate whether their protostar indeed acquires sufficient mass via gas accretion overcoming radiative feedback. We investigate protostellar growth in dynamically heated atomic-cooling haloes (ACHs) found in recent cosmological simulations, performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations that consider stellar evolution under variable mass accretion. We find that one of the ACHs feeds the central protostar at rates exceeding a critical value, above which the star evolves in a cool bloating phase and hardly produces ionizing photons. Consequently, the stellar mass reaches M∗≳104 M⊙ unimpeded by radiative feedback. In the other ACH, where the mass supply rate is lower, the star spends most of its life as a hot main-sequence star, emitting intense ionizing radiation. Then, the stellar mass growth is terminated around 500 M⊙ by photoevaporation of the circumstellar disk. A series of our RHD simulations provide a formula of the final stellar mass determined either by stellar feedback or their lifetime as a function of the mass supply rate from the parent cloud in the absence of stellar radiation. Combining the results with the statistical properties of SMS-forming clouds in high-redshift quasar progenitor haloes, we construct a top-heavy mass distribution of primordial stars over M∗≃100--105 M⊙, approximately following a power-law spectrum of ∝M−1.3∗ with a steeper decline at M∗≳2×104 M⊙. Their massive BH remnants would be further fed via the dense debris disk, powering \"milli-quasars\" with a bolometric luminosity of Lbol ≳ 1043 erg s−1."}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3191","citation":{"mla":"Toyouchi, Daisuke, et al. “Radiative Feedback on Supermassive Star Formation: The Massive End of the Population III Initial Mass Function.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 518, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 1601–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191\">10.1093/mnras/stac3191</a>.","short":"D. Toyouchi, K. Inayoshi, W. Li, Z. Haiman, R. Kuiper, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 518 (2022) 1601–1616.","ista":"Toyouchi D, Inayoshi K, Li W, Haiman Z, Kuiper R. 2022. Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the population III initial mass function. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 518(2), 1601–1616.","ama":"Toyouchi D, Inayoshi K, Li W, Haiman Z, Kuiper R. Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the population III initial mass function. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;518(2):1601-1616. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191\">10.1093/mnras/stac3191</a>","apa":"Toyouchi, D., Inayoshi, K., Li, W., Haiman, Z., &#38; Kuiper, R. (2022). Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the population III initial mass function. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191</a>","chicago":"Toyouchi, Daisuke, Kohei Inayoshi, Wenxiu Li, Zoltán Haiman, and Rolf Kuiper. “Radiative Feedback on Supermassive Star Formation: The Massive End of the Population III Initial Mass Function.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3191</a>.","ieee":"D. Toyouchi, K. Inayoshi, W. Li, Z. Haiman, and R. Kuiper, “Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the population III initial mass function,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 518, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1601–1616, 2022."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":518,"title":"Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the population III initial mass function","date_published":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","date_created":"2024-09-05T13:06:13Z","oa":1,"_id":"17599","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"08","date_updated":"2024-09-23T13:13:25Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Next-generation weak lensing (WL) surveys, such as by the Vera Rubin Observatory, the Roman Space Telescope, and the Euclid space mission, will supply vast amounts of data probing small, highly non-linear scales. Extracting information from these scales requires higher-order statistics and the controlling of related systematics such as baryonic effects. To account for baryonic effects in cosmological analyses at reduced computational cost, semi-analytic baryonic correction models (BCMs) have been proposed. Here, we study the accuracy of a particular BCM (the A20-BCM) for WL peak counts, a well-studied, simple, and effective higher-order statistic. We compare WL peak counts generated from the full hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG and a baryon-corrected version of the corresponding dark matter-only simulation IllustrisTNG-Dark. We apply galaxy shape noise matching depths reached by DES, KiDS, HSC, LSST, Roman, and Euclid. We find that peak counts from the A20-BCM are (i) accurate at per cent level for peaks with S/N &amp;lt; 4, (ii) statistically indistinguishable from IllustrisTNG in most current and ongoing surveys, but (iii) insufficient for deep future surveys covering the largest solid angles, such as LSST and Euclid. We find that the BCM matches individual peaks accurately, but underpredicts the amplitude of the highest peaks. We conclude that the A20-BCM is a viable substitute for full hydrodynamical simulations in cosmological parameter estimation from beyond-Gaussian statistics for ongoing and future surveys with modest solid angles. For the largest surveys, the A20-BCM must be refined to provide a more accurate match, especially to the highest peaks."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"volume":519,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"M.E. Lee, T. Lu, Z. Haiman, J. Liu, K. Osato, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2022) 573–584.","mla":"Lee, Max E., et al. “Comparing Weak Lensing Peak Counts in Baryonic Correction Models to Hydrodynamical Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 573–84, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592\">10.1093/mnras/stac3592</a>.","ieee":"M. E. Lee, T. Lu, Z. Haiman, J. Liu, and K. Osato, “Comparing weak lensing peak counts in baryonic correction models to hydrodynamical simulations,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 573–584, 2022.","chicago":"Lee, Max E, Tianhuan Lu, Zoltán Haiman, Jia Liu, and Ken Osato. “Comparing Weak Lensing Peak Counts in Baryonic Correction Models to Hydrodynamical Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592</a>.","apa":"Lee, M. E., Lu, T., Haiman, Z., Liu, J., &#38; Osato, K. (2022). Comparing weak lensing peak counts in baryonic correction models to hydrodynamical simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592</a>","ama":"Lee ME, Lu T, Haiman Z, Liu J, Osato K. Comparing weak lensing peak counts in baryonic correction models to hydrodynamical simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;519(1):573-584. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3592\">10.1093/mnras/stac3592</a>","ista":"Lee ME, Lu T, Haiman Z, Liu J, Osato K. 2022. Comparing weak lensing peak counts in baryonic correction models to hydrodynamical simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(1), 573–584."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac3592","title":"Comparing weak lensing peak counts in baryonic correction models to hydrodynamical simulations","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","page":"573-584","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       519","main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.08320","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2201.08320"]},"arxiv":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Lee, Max E","first_name":"Max E","last_name":"Lee"},{"full_name":"Lu, Tianhuan","first_name":"Tianhuan","last_name":"Lu"},{"last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"},{"first_name":"Jia","full_name":"Liu, Jia","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Osato","full_name":"Osato, Ken","first_name":"Ken"}],"issue":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"12","year":"2022","quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original"},{"title":"κTNG: effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing with IllustrisTNG simulations","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","_id":"17516","day":"11","publisher":"Oxford University Press","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T08:56:14Z","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Osato K, Liu J, Haiman Z. κTNG: effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing with IllustrisTNG simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;502(4):5593-5602. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395\">10.1093/mnras/stab395</a>","ista":"Osato K, Liu J, Haiman Z. 2021. κTNG: effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing with IllustrisTNG simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 502(4), 5593–5602.","chicago":"Osato, Ken, Jia Liu, and Zoltán Haiman. “ΚTNG: Effect of Baryonic Processes on Weak Lensing with IllustrisTNG Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395</a>.","apa":"Osato, K., Liu, J., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2021). κTNG: effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing with IllustrisTNG simulations. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395</a>","ieee":"K. Osato, J. Liu, and Z. Haiman, “κTNG: effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing with IllustrisTNG simulations,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 502, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5593–5602, 2021.","mla":"Osato, Ken, et al. “ΚTNG: Effect of Baryonic Processes on Weak Lensing with IllustrisTNG Simulations.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 502, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 5593–602, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395\">10.1093/mnras/stab395</a>.","short":"K. Osato, J. Liu, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502 (2021) 5593–5602."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab395","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":502,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-10T13:53:06Z","abstract":[{"text":"We study the effect of baryonic processes on weak lensing (WL) observables with a suite of mock WL maps, the κTNG, based on the cosmological hydrodynamic simulations IllustrisTNG. We quantify the baryonic effects on the WL angular power spectrum, one-point probability distribution function (PDF), and number counts of peaks and minima. We also show the redshift evolution of the effects, which is a key to distinguish the effect of baryons from fundamental physics such as dark energy, dark matter, and massive neutrinos. We find that baryonic processes reduce the small-scale power, suppress the tails of the PDF, peak and minimum counts, and change the total number of peaks and minima. We compare our results to existing semi-analytical models and hydrodynamic simulations, and discuss the source of discrepancies. The κTNG suite includes 10 000 realizations of $5 \\times 5 \\, \\mathrm{deg}^2$ maps for 40 source redshifts up to zs = 2.6, well covering the range of interest for existing and upcoming WL surveys. We also produce the κTNG-Dark suite of maps, generated based on the corresponding dark matter-only IllustrisTNG simulations. Our mock maps are not only suitable for developing analytical models that incorporate the effect of baryons, but also particularly useful for studies that rely on mass maps, such as non-Gaussian statistics and machine learning with convolutional neural networks. The suite of mock maps is publicly available at Columbia Lensing (http://columbialensing.org).","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","extern":"1","month":"02","issue":"4","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","page":"5593-5602","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"Osato, Ken","first_name":"Ken","last_name":"Osato"},{"last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Jia","full_name":"Liu, Jia"},{"last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab395","open_access":"1"}],"intvolume":"       502"},{"article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","extern":"1","month":"07","issue":"3","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","author":[{"last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Tianhuan","full_name":"Lu, Tianhuan"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978"}],"intvolume":"       506","publication_status":"published","page":"3406-3417","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","title":"The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab1978","citation":{"short":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506 (2021) 3406–3417.","mla":"Lu, Tianhuan, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Impact of Baryons on Cosmological Inference from Weak Lensing Statistics.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 506, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 3406–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978\">10.1093/mnras/stab1978</a>.","ieee":"T. Lu and Z. Haiman, “The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 506, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 3406–3417, 2021.","apa":"Lu, T., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2021). The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978</a>","chicago":"Lu, Tianhuan, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Impact of Baryons on Cosmological Inference from Weak Lensing Statistics.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978</a>.","ama":"Lu T, Haiman Z. The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;506(3):3406-3417. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1978\">10.1093/mnras/stab1978</a>","ista":"Lu T, Haiman Z. 2021. The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506(3), 3406–3417."},"volume":506,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-19T07:43:16Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"As weak lensing surveys are becoming deeper and cover larger areas, information will be available on small angular scales down to the arcmin level. To extract this extra information, accurate modelling of baryonic effects is necessary. In this work, we adopt a baryonic correction model, which includes gas both bound inside and ejected from dark matter (DM) haloes, a central galaxy, and changes in the DM profile induced by baryons. We use this model to incorporate baryons into a large suite of DM-only N-body simulations, covering a grid of 75 cosmologies in the Ωm–σ8 parameter space. We investigate how baryons affect Gaussian and non-Gaussian weak lensing statistics and the cosmological parameter inferences from these statistics. Our results show that marginalizing over baryonic parameters degrades the constraints in Ωm–σ8 space by a factor of 2–5 compared to those with baryonic parameters fixed. We also find that combining the lensing power spectrum and peak counts can break the degeneracy between cosmological and baryonic parameters and mitigate the impact of the uncertainty in baryonic physics."}],"_id":"17574","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"10","date_created":"2024-09-05T12:17:24Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public"},{"article_type":"original","year":"2021","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"2","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","month":"07","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Chengcheng","full_name":"Xin, Chengcheng","last_name":"Xin"},{"last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"}],"intvolume":"       506","page":"2408-2417","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","title":"Ultra-short-period massive black hole binary candidates in LSST as LISA ‘verification binaries’","volume":506,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Xin, Chengcheng, and Zoltán Haiman. “Ultra-Short-Period Massive Black Hole Binary Candidates in LSST as LISA ‘Verification Binaries.’” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 506, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 2408–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856\">10.1093/mnras/stab1856</a>.","short":"C. Xin, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506 (2021) 2408–2417.","apa":"Xin, C., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2021). Ultra-short-period massive black hole binary candidates in LSST as LISA ‘verification binaries.’ <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856</a>","chicago":"Xin, Chengcheng, and Zoltán Haiman. “Ultra-Short-Period Massive Black Hole Binary Candidates in LSST as LISA ‘Verification Binaries.’” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856</a>.","ista":"Xin C, Haiman Z. 2021. Ultra-short-period massive black hole binary candidates in LSST as LISA ‘verification binaries’. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506(2), 2408–2417.","ama":"Xin C, Haiman Z. Ultra-short-period massive black hole binary candidates in LSST as LISA ‘verification binaries.’ <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;506(2):2408-2417. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1856\">10.1093/mnras/stab1856</a>","ieee":"C. Xin and Z. Haiman, “Ultra-short-period massive black hole binary candidates in LSST as LISA ‘verification binaries,’” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 506, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2408–2417, 2021."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab1856","date_updated":"2024-09-19T08:07:41Z","abstract":[{"text":"The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to discover tens of millions of quasars. A significant fraction of these could be powered by coalescing massive black hole (MBH) binaries, since many quasars are believed to be triggered by mergers. We show that under plausible assumptions about the luminosity functions, lifetimes, and binary fractions of quasars, we expect the full LSST quasar catalogue to contain between 20 and 100 million compact MBH binaries with masses M = 105–9M⊙, redshifts z = 0–6, and orbital periods P = 1–70 d. Their light-curves are expected to be distinctly periodic, which can be confidently distinguished from stochastic red-noise variability, because LSST will cover dozens, or even hundreds of cycles. A very small subset of 10–150 ultracompact (P ≲ 1 d) binary quasars among these will, over ∼5–15 yr, evolve into the mHz gravitational-wave frequency band and can be detected by LISA. They can therefore be regarded as ‘LISA verification binaries’, analogous to short-period Galactic compact-object binaries. The practical question is how to find these handful of ‘needles in the haystack’ among the large number of quasars: this will likely require a tailored co-adding analysis optimized for this purpose.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T12:19:58Z","oa":1,"_id":"17577","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"05","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Tagawa, Hiromichi","first_name":"Hiromichi","last_name":"Tagawa"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"full_name":"Bartos, Imre","first_name":"Imre","last_name":"Bartos"},{"full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","first_name":"Bence","last_name":"Kocsis"},{"last_name":"Omukai","first_name":"Kazuyuki","full_name":"Omukai, Kazuyuki"}],"intvolume":"       507","page":"3362-3380","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","year":"2021","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"3","month":"08","extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":507,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab2315","citation":{"apa":"Tagawa, H., Haiman, Z., Bartos, I., Kocsis, B., &#38; Omukai, K. (2021). Signatures of hierarchical mergers in black hole spin and mass distribution. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315</a>","chicago":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, Zoltán Haiman, Imre Bartos, Bence Kocsis, and Kazuyuki Omukai. “Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass Distribution.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315</a>.","ama":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Bartos I, Kocsis B, Omukai K. Signatures of hierarchical mergers in black hole spin and mass distribution. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;507(3):3362-3380. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315\">10.1093/mnras/stab2315</a>","ista":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Bartos I, Kocsis B, Omukai K. 2021. Signatures of hierarchical mergers in black hole spin and mass distribution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 507(3), 3362–3380.","ieee":"H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, I. Bartos, B. Kocsis, and K. Omukai, “Signatures of hierarchical mergers in black hole spin and mass distribution,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 507, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 3362–3380, 2021.","mla":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, et al. “Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass Distribution.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 507, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 3362–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2315\">10.1093/mnras/stab2315</a>.","short":"H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, I. Bartos, B. Kocsis, K. Omukai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507 (2021) 3362–3380."},"abstract":[{"text":"Recent gravitational wave (GW) observations by LIGO/Virgo show evidence for hierarchical mergers, where the merging BHs are the remnants of previous BH merger events. These events may carry important clues about the astrophysical host environments of the GW sources. In this paper, we present the distributions of the effective spin parameter (χeff), the precession spin parameter (χp), and the chirp mass (mchirp) expected in hierarchical mergers. Under a wide range of assumptions, hierarchical mergers produce (i) a monotonic increase of the average of the typical total spin for merging binaries, which we characterize with χ¯typ≡(χ2eff+χ2p)1/2¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯, up to roughly the maximum mchirp among first-generation (1g) BHs, and (ii) a plateau at χ¯typ∼0.6 at higher mchirp. We suggest that the maximum mass and typical spin magnitudes for 1g BHs can be estimated from χ¯typ as a function of mchirp. The GW data observed in LIGO/Virgo O1--O3a prefers an increase in χ¯typ at low mchirp, which is consistent with the growth of the BH spin magnitude by hierarchical mergers, at ∼2σ confidence. A Bayesian analysis suggests that 1g BHs have the maximum mass of ∼15--30M⊙ if the majority of mergers are of high-generation BHs (not among 1g-1g BHs), which is consistent with mergers in active galactic nucleus disks and/or nuclear star clusters, while if mergers mainly originate from globular clusters, 1g BHs are favored to have non-zero spin magnitudes of ∼0.3. We also forecast that signatures for hierarchical mergers in the χ¯typ distribution can be confidently recovered once the number of GW events increases to ≳O(100).","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-19T11:50:46Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T12:30:08Z","oa":1,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"13","_id":"17585","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_published":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","title":"Signatures of hierarchical mergers in black hole spin and mass distribution"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","page":"212-223","intvolume":"       509","author":[{"full_name":"Dotti, Massimo","first_name":"Massimo","last_name":"Dotti"},{"last_name":"Bonetti","first_name":"Matteo","full_name":"Bonetti, Matteo"},{"last_name":"D’Orazio","full_name":"D’Orazio, Daniel J","first_name":"Daniel J"},{"last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"},{"last_name":"Ho","full_name":"Ho, Luis C","first_name":"Luis C"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893","open_access":"1"}],"month":"10","extern":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"1","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","article_type":"original","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"07","publisher":"Oxford University Press","_id":"17586","date_created":"2024-09-05T12:32:01Z","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Variable active galactic nuclei showing periodic light curves have been proposed as massive black hole binary (MBHB) candidates. In such scenarios, the periodicity can be due to relativistic Doppler-boosting of the emitted light. This hypothesis can be tested through the timing of scattered polarized light. Following the results of polarization studies in type I nuclei and of dynamical studies of MBHBs with circumbinary discs, we assume a coplanar equatorial scattering ring, whose elements contribute differently to the total polarized flux, due to different scattering angles, levels of Doppler boost, and line-of-sight time delays. We find that in the presence of an MBHB, both the degree of polarization and the polarization position angle have periodic modulations. The polarization angle oscillates around the semiminor axis of the projected MBHB orbital ellipse, with a frequency equal either to the binary’s orbital frequency (for large scattering screen radii), or twice this value (for smaller scattering structures). These distinctive features can be used to probe the nature of periodic MBHB candidates and to compile catalogues of the most promising sub-pc MBHBs. The identification of such polarization features in gravitational-wave (GW) detected MBHBs would enormously increase the amount of physical information about the sources, allowing the measurement of the individual masses of the binary components, and the orientation of the line of nodes on the sky, even for monochromatic GW signals."}],"date_updated":"2024-09-19T11:55:01Z","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab2893","citation":{"ieee":"M. Dotti, M. Bonetti, D. J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, and L. C. Ho, “Binary black hole signatures in polarized light curves,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 509, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 212–223, 2021.","apa":"Dotti, M., Bonetti, M., D’Orazio, D. J., Haiman, Z., &#38; Ho, L. C. (2021). Binary black hole signatures in polarized light curves. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893</a>","chicago":"Dotti, Massimo, Matteo Bonetti, Daniel J D’Orazio, Zoltán Haiman, and Luis C Ho. “Binary Black Hole Signatures in Polarized Light Curves.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893</a>.","ista":"Dotti M, Bonetti M, D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Ho LC. 2021. Binary black hole signatures in polarized light curves. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 509(1), 212–223.","ama":"Dotti M, Bonetti M, D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Ho LC. Binary black hole signatures in polarized light curves. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;509(1):212-223. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893\">10.1093/mnras/stab2893</a>","short":"M. Dotti, M. Bonetti, D.J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, L.C. Ho, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (2021) 212–223.","mla":"Dotti, Massimo, et al. “Binary Black Hole Signatures in Polarized Light Curves.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 509, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 212–23, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2893\">10.1093/mnras/stab2893</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":509,"title":"Binary black hole signatures in polarized light curves","date_published":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article"},{"publication_status":"published","page":"5046-5060","oa_version":"Preprint","author":[{"full_name":"Lupi, Alessandro","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Lupi"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"last_name":"Volonteri","full_name":"Volonteri, Marta","first_name":"Marta"}],"arxiv":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2102.05051"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2102.05051"}],"intvolume":"       503","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","month":"03","extern":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","issue":"4","article_type":"original","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"24","_id":"17610","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-05T13:22:23Z","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"mla":"Lupi, Alessandro, et al. “Forming Massive Seed Black Holes in High-Redshift Quasar Host Progenitors.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 503, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 5046–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692\">10.1093/mnras/stab692</a>.","short":"A. Lupi, Z. Haiman, M. Volonteri, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503 (2021) 5046–5060.","ama":"Lupi A, Haiman Z, Volonteri M. Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2021;503(4):5046-5060. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692\">10.1093/mnras/stab692</a>","ista":"Lupi A, Haiman Z, Volonteri M. 2021. Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 503(4), 5046–5060.","apa":"Lupi, A., Haiman, Z., &#38; Volonteri, M. (2021). Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692</a>","chicago":"Lupi, Alessandro, Zoltán Haiman, and Marta Volonteri. “Forming Massive Seed Black Holes in High-Redshift Quasar Host Progenitors.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab692</a>.","ieee":"A. Lupi, Z. Haiman, and M. Volonteri, “Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 503, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5046–5060, 2021."},"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab692","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":503,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The presence of massive black holes (BHs) with masses of order 109M⊙, powering bright quasars when the Universe was less than 1 Gyr old, poses strong constraints on their formation mechanism. Several scenarios have been proposed to date to explain massive BH formation, from the low-mass seed BH remnants of the first generation of stars to the massive seed BHs resulting from the rapid collapse of massive gas clouds. However, the plausibility of some of these scenarios to occur within the progenitors of high-z quasars has not yet been thoroughly explored. In this work, we investigate, by combining dark-matter only N-body simulations with a semi-analytic framework, whether the conditions for the formation of massive seed BHs from synchronised atomic-cooling halo pairs and/or dynamically-heated mini-haloes are fulfilled in the overdense regions where the progenitors of a typical high-redshift quasar host form and evolve. Our analysis shows that the peculiar conditions in such regions, i.e. strong halo clustering and high star formation rates, are crucial to produce a non-negligible number of massive seed BH host candidates: we find ≈1400 dynamically heated metal-free mini-haloes, including one of these which evolves to a synchronised pair and ends up in the massive quasar-host halo by z=6. This demonstrates that the progenitors of high-redshift quasar host haloes can harbour early massive seed BHs. Our results further suggest that multiple massive seed BHs may form in or near the quasar host's progenitors, potentially merging at lower redshifts and yielding gravitational wave events.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-23T14:49:49Z","title":"Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"}]