[{"arxiv":1,"OA_type":"green","alternative_title":["ESO Astrophysics Symposia"],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112131"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","day":"01","title":"What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function?","year":"2006","scopus_import":"1","page":"106-108","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"We present a robust method to derive the duty cycle of QSO activity based on the empirical QSO luminosity function and on the present-day linear relation between the masses of supermassive black holes and those of their spheroidal host stellar systems. It is found that the duty cycle is substantially less than unity, with characteristic values in the range 3-6 x 10-3. Finally, we tested the expectation that the QSO luminosity evolution and the star formation history should be roughly parallel, as a consequence of the above-mentioned relation between BH and galaxy masses.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"conference","doi":"10.1007/10899892_25","conference":{"name":"European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","start_date":"2001-10-24","location":"Venice, Italy","end_date":"2001-10-26"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540002055"],"issn":["1431-2433"],"eissn":["1611-6143"]},"extern":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0112131"]},"date_created":"2025-01-03T12:24:48Z","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"02","OA_place":"repository","place":"Berlin/Heidelberg","_id":"18730","citation":{"ieee":"L. Ciotti, Z. Haiman, and J. P. Ostriker, “What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function?,” in <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Venice, Italy, 2006, pp. 106–108.","short":"L. Ciotti, Z. Haiman, J.P. Ostriker, in:, Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, Springer Nature, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 106–108.","mla":"Ciotti, Luca, et al. “What Does the Local Black Hole Mass Distribution Tell Us about the Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function?” <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 106–08, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">10.1007/10899892_25</a>.","apa":"Ciotti, L., Haiman, Z., &#38; Ostriker, J. P. (2006). What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i> (pp. 106–108). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25</a>","chicago":"Ciotti, Luca, Zoltán Haiman, and Jeremiah P. Ostriker. “What Does the Local Black Hole Mass Distribution Tell Us about the Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function?” In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, 106–8. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25</a>.","ama":"Ciotti L, Haiman Z, Ostriker JP. What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? In: <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature; 2006:106-108. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">10.1007/10899892_25</a>","ista":"Ciotti L, Haiman Z, Ostriker JP. 2006. What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop. European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, , 106–108."},"author":[{"last_name":"Ciotti","first_name":"Luca","full_name":"Ciotti, Luca"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403"},{"last_name":"Ostriker","first_name":"Jeremiah P.","full_name":"Ostriker, Jeremiah P."}],"date_updated":"2025-01-07T12:21:03Z","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1"},{"page":"316-323","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"The first galaxies formed at high redshifts, and were likely substantially less massive than typical galaxies in the local universe. We argue that (1) the reionization of a clumpy intergalactic medium by redshift z=6, (2) its enrichment by metals by z=3 without disturbing the Lyman alpha forest, and (3) the presence of supermassive black holes powering the recently discovered bright quasars at z=6, strongly suggest that a population of low-mass galaxies exists beyond redshifts z>6. Although the first stars could have been born in dark matter halos with virial temperatures as low as Tvir=200K, collapsing as early as z=25, the first galaxies likely appeared in significant numbers only in halos with Tvir>10,000K that collapsed later (z=15). The gas in these more massive halos initially contracts isothermally to high densities by atomic Lyman alpha cooling. H2 molecules can then form efficiently via non-equilibrium gas-phase chemistry, allowing the gas to cool further to T=100K, and fragment on stellar mass scales. These halos can harbor the first generation of ``mini-galaxies'' that reionized the universe. The continuum and line emission from these sources, as well as their Lyman alpha cooling radiation, can be detected in the future by NGST and other instruments.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"OA_type":"green","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0201173","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","day":"10","title":"The assembly of the first galaxies","scopus_import":"1","year":"2006","OA_place":"repository","_id":"18731","citation":{"short":"Z. Haiman, in:, Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 316–323.","ieee":"Z. Haiman, “The assembly of the first galaxies,” in <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Venice, Italy, 2006, pp. 316–323.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Assembly of the First Galaxies.” In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, 316–23. Springer Nature, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77</a>.","ama":"Haiman Z. The assembly of the first galaxies. In: <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>. Springer Nature; 2006:316-323. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">10.1007/10899892_77</a>","ista":"Haiman Z. 2006. The assembly of the first galaxies. Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop. European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, 316–323.","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Assembly of the First Galaxies.” <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 316–23, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">10.1007/10899892_77</a>.","apa":"Haiman, Z. (2006). The assembly of the first galaxies. In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i> (pp. 316–323). Venice, Italy: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77</a>"},"author":[{"first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"date_updated":"2025-01-07T12:28:20Z","oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","date_published":"2006-03-10T00:00:00Z","type":"conference","conference":{"end_date":"2001-10-26","location":"Venice, Italy","name":"European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","start_date":"2001-10-24"},"doi":"10.1007/10899892_77","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540002055"],"issn":["1431-2433"],"eissn":["1611-6143"]},"extern":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0201173"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2025-01-03T12:25:11Z","month":"03"},{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We discuss currently available observational constraints on the reionization history of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the extent to which accreting black holes (BHs) can help explain these observations. We show new evidence, based on the combined statistics of Lyman α and β absorption in quasar spectra, that the IGM contains a significant amount of neutral hydrogen, and is experiencing rapid ionization at redshift z~ 6. However, we argue that quasar BHs, even faint ones that are below the detection thresholds of existing optical surveys, are unlikely to drive the evolution of the neutral fraction around this epoch, because they would over–produce the present–day soft X–ray background. On the other hand, the seeds of the z~ 6 quasar BHs likely appeared at much earlier epochs (z~ 20), and produced hard ionizing radiation by accretion. These early BHs are promising candidates to account for the high redshift (z~ 15) ionization implied by the recent cosmic microwave anisotropy data from WMAP. Using a model for the growth of BHs by accretion and mergers in a hierarchical cosmology, we suggest that the early growth of quasars must include a super-Eddington growth phase, and that, although not yet optically identified, the FIRST radio survey may have already detected several thousand >108M⊙ BHs at z>6."}],"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"30-41","title":"The growth of the earliest supermassive black holes and their contribution to reionization","scopus_import":"1","year":"2005","publication":"Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference","day":"22","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409099"}],"arxiv":1,"OA_type":"green","alternative_title":["ESO Astrophysics Symposia"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-07T11:33:38Z","oa":1,"citation":{"ieee":"Z. Haiman, M. Dijkstra, and A. Mesinger, “The growth of the earliest supermassive black holes and their contribution to reionization,” in <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference</i>, Garching, Germany, 2005, pp. 30–41.","short":"Z. Haiman, M. Dijkstra, A. Mesinger, in:, Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference, Springer Nature, 2005, pp. 30–41.","apa":"Haiman, Z., Dijkstra, M., &#38; Mesinger, A. (2005). The growth of the earliest supermassive black holes and their contribution to reionization. In <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference</i> (pp. 30–41). Garching, Germany: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3</a>","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “The Growth of the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes and Their Contribution to Reionization.” <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference</i>, Springer Nature, 2005, pp. 30–41, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3\">10.1007/11403913_3</a>.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán, M. Dijkstra, and A. Mesinger. “The Growth of the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes and Their Contribution to Reionization.” In <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference</i>, 30–41. Springer Nature, 2005. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3</a>.","ama":"Haiman Z, Dijkstra M, Mesinger A. The growth of the earliest supermassive black holes and their contribution to reionization. In: <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference</i>. Springer Nature; 2005:30-41. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/11403913_3\">10.1007/11403913_3</a>","ista":"Haiman Z, Dijkstra M, Mesinger A. 2005. The growth of the earliest supermassive black holes and their contribution to reionization. Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference. MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, , 30–41."},"author":[{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Dijkstra, M.","last_name":"Dijkstra"},{"last_name":"Mesinger","full_name":"Mesinger, A.","first_name":"A."}],"OA_place":"repository","_id":"18728","date_created":"2025-01-03T12:24:03Z","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"12","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540252757"],"eissn":["1611-6143"],"issn":["1431-2433"]},"extern":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0409099"]},"type":"conference","conference":{"start_date":"2004-06-21","name":"MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference","location":"Garching, Germany","end_date":"2004-06-25"},"doi":"10.1007/11403913_3","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","date_published":"2005-12-22T00:00:00Z"},{"publisher":"Springer-Verlag","date_published":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["ESO Astrophysics Symposia"],"OA_type":"closed access","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","conference":{"end_date":"1999-08-06","location":"Garching, Germany","start_date":"1999-08-04","name":"MPA/ESO Workshop"},"doi":"10.1007/10719504_42","extern":"1","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540464617"],"eissn":["1611-6143"],"issn":["1431-2433"]},"publication":"Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop","month":"01","scopus_import":"1","year":"2000","title":"The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2025-01-03T12:27:08Z","place":"Berlin/Heidelberg","_id":"18733","page":"219-224","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"}],"citation":{"ieee":"Z. Haiman, “The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age,” in <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop</i>, Garching, Germany, 2000, pp. 219–224.","short":"Z. Haiman, in:, Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2000, pp. 219–224.","apa":"Haiman, Z. (2000). The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age. In <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop</i> (pp. 219–224). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42</a>","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Radiative Feedback from the First Stars and Quasars and the End of the Dark Age.” <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop</i>, Springer-Verlag, 2000, pp. 219–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42\">10.1007/10719504_42</a>.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Radiative Feedback from the First Stars and Quasars and the End of the Dark Age.” In <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop</i>, 219–24. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2000. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42</a>.","ama":"Haiman Z. The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age. In: <i>Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop</i>. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2000:219-224. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10719504_42\">10.1007/10719504_42</a>","ista":"Haiman Z. 2000. The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age. Proceedings of the MPA/ESO Workshop. MPA/ESO Workshop, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, , 219–224."},"date_updated":"2025-01-07T12:40:11Z","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"In hierarchical models of structure formation, an early cosmic UV background (UVB) is produced by the small (math formular) halos that collapse before cosmological reionization. If the first collapsed halos harbor stars, then their UV flux below 13.6 eV photo-dissociates the molecular hydrogen H2 in subsequently collapsing halos within a large sphere of influence. This causes a pause in the cosmic star-formation history: the buildup of the UVB and the epoch of reionization are delayed until larger halos ( math formular) collapse. In contrast, if the small halos harbor mini-quasars with hard spectra extending to -1keV, then their X-rays balance the effects of the UVB, the negative feedback does not occur, and reionization can be caused early on by the small halos.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public"}]