[{"extern":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2019","_id":"8263","date_updated":"2023-02-23T13:28:54Z","volume":19,"doi":"10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6","abstract":[{"text":"Background: The genus Streptococcus comprises pathogens that strongly influence the health of humans and animals. Genome sequencing of multiple Streptococcus strains demonstrated high variability in gene content and order even in closely related strains of the same species and created a newly emerged object for genomic analysis, the pan-genome. Here we analysed the genome evolution of 25 strains of Streptococcus suis, 50 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 28 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.\r\n\r\nResults: Fractions of the pan-genome, unique, periphery, and universal genes differ in size, functional composition, the level of nucleotide substitutions, and predisposition to horizontal gene transfer and genomic rearrangements. The density of substitutions in intergenic regions appears to be correlated with selection acting on adjacent genes, implying that more conserved genes tend to have more conserved regulatory regions.\r\nThe total pan-genome of the genus is open, but only due to strain-specific genes, whereas other pan-genome fractions reach saturation. We have identified the set of genes with phylogenies inconsistent with species and non-conserved location in the chromosome; these genes are rare in at least one species and have likely experienced recent horizontal transfer between species. The strain-specific fraction is enriched with mobile elements and hypothetical proteins, but also contains a number of candidate virulence-related genes, so it may have a strong impact on adaptability and pathogenicity.\r\nMapping the rearrangements to the phylogenetic tree revealed large parallel inversions in all species. A parallel inversion of length 15 kB with breakpoints formed by genes encoding surface antigen proteins PhtD and PhtB in S. pneumoniae leads to replacement of gene fragments that likely indicates the action of an antigen variation mechanism.\r\n\r\nConclusions: Members of genus Streptococcus have a highly dynamic, open pan-genome, that potentially confers them with the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, i.e. antibiotic resistance or transmission between different hosts. Hence, integrated analysis of all aspects of genome evolution is important for the identification of potential pathogens and design of drugs and vaccines.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6"}],"date_created":"2020-08-15T11:04:07Z","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1471-2148"]},"day":"27","month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow","oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":"        19","citation":{"ama":"Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. 2019;19. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6\">10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6</a>","short":"P.V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A.A. Karan, M.S. Gelfand, BMC Evolutionary Biology 19 (2019).","mla":"Shelyakin, Pavel V., et al. “Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species: Selection, Antigenic Variation, and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 19, 83, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6\">10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6</a>.","chicago":"Shelyakin, Pavel V., Olga Bochkareva, Anna A. Karan, and Mikhail S. Gelfand. “Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species: Selection, Antigenic Variation, and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6</a>.","ieee":"P. V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A. A. Karan, and M. S. Gelfand, “Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow,” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature, 2019.","ista":"Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. 2019. Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19, 83.","apa":"Shelyakin, P. V., Bochkareva, O., Karan, A. A., &#38; Gelfand, M. S. (2019). Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Shelyakin","full_name":"Shelyakin, Pavel V.","orcid":"0000-0003-0120-9319","first_name":"Pavel V."},{"id":"C4558D3C-6102-11E9-A62E-F418E6697425","first_name":"Olga","orcid":"0000-0003-1006-6639","full_name":"Bochkareva, Olga","last_name":"Bochkareva"},{"last_name":"Karan","full_name":"Karan, Anna A.","first_name":"Anna A."},{"last_name":"Gelfand","first_name":"Mikhail S.","full_name":"Gelfand, Mikhail S."}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","publication":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","article_number":"83"},{"issue":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","author":[{"id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","full_name":"Pull, Christopher","last_name":"Pull"},{"last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"pubrep_id":"882","year":"2017","publisher":"BioMed Central","project":[{"_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"243071","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects"}],"volume":17,"doi":"10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"status":"public","month":"10","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour","intvolume":"        17","corr_author":"1","isi":1,"citation":{"ista":"Pull C, Cremer S. 2017. Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17(1), 219.","apa":"Pull, C., &#38; Cremer, S. (2017). Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. BioMed Central. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4</a>","ieee":"C. Pull and S. Cremer, “Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour,” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 17, no. 1. BioMed Central, 2017.","chicago":"Pull, Christopher, and Sylvia Cremer. “Co-Founding Ant Queens Prevent Disease by Performing Prophylactic Undertaking Behaviour.” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. BioMed Central, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4\">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4</a>.","mla":"Pull, Christopher, and Sylvia Cremer. “Co-Founding Ant Queens Prevent Disease by Performing Prophylactic Undertaking Behaviour.” <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 17, no. 1, 219, BioMed Central, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4\">10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4</a>.","short":"C. Pull, S. Cremer, BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (2017).","ama":"Pull C, Cremer S. Co-founding ant queens prevent disease by performing prophylactic undertaking behaviour. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. 2017;17(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4\">10.1186/s12862-017-1062-4</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"oa":1,"date_published":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","article_number":"219","publication":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","scopus_import":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"819","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"6937","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","_id":"732","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:55Z","date_updated":"2026-04-08T14:19:10Z","file":[{"file_id":"5271","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:55Z","file_size":949857,"creator":"system","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"3e24a2cfd48f49f7b3643d08d30fb480","file_name":"IST-2017-882-v1+1_12862_2017_Article_1062.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:18Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Background: Social insects form densely crowded societies in environments with high pathogen loads, but have evolved collective defences that mitigate the impact of disease. However, colony-founding queens lack this protection and suffer high rates of mortality. The impact of pathogens may be exacerbated in species where queens found colonies together, as healthy individuals may contract pathogens from infectious co-founders. Therefore, we tested whether ant queens avoid founding colonies with pathogen-exposed conspecifics and how they might limit disease transmission from infectious individuals. Results: Using Lasius Niger queens and a naturally infecting fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum, we observed that queens were equally likely to found colonies with another pathogen-exposed or sham-treated queen. However, when one queen died, the surviving individual performed biting, burial and removal of the corpse. These undertaking behaviours were performed prophylactically, i.e. targeted equally towards non-infected and infected corpses, as well as carried out before infected corpses became infectious. Biting and burial reduced the risk of the queens contracting and dying from disease from an infectious corpse of a dead co-foundress. Conclusions: We show that co-founding ant queens express undertaking behaviours that, in mature colonies, are performed exclusively by workers. Such infection avoidance behaviours act before the queens can contract the disease and will therefore improve the overall chance of colony founding success in ant queens."}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original","external_id":{"isi":["000412816800001"]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:12Z","ddc":["576","592"],"day":"13","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1471-2148"]},"oa_version":"Published Version"}]