---
_id: '8263'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Background: The genus Streptococcus comprises pathogens that strongly influence
the health of humans and animals. Genome sequencing of multiple Streptococcus
strains demonstrated high variability in gene content and order even in closely
related strains of the same species and created a newly emerged object for genomic
analysis, the pan-genome. Here we analysed the genome evolution of 25 strains
of Streptococcus suis, 50 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 28 strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae.\r\n\r\nResults: Fractions of the pan-genome, unique,
periphery, and universal genes differ in size, functional composition, the level
of nucleotide substitutions, and predisposition to horizontal gene transfer and
genomic rearrangements. The density of substitutions in intergenic regions appears
to be correlated with selection acting on adjacent genes, implying that more conserved
genes tend to have more conserved regulatory regions.\r\nThe total pan-genome
of the genus is open, but only due to strain-specific genes, whereas other pan-genome
fractions reach saturation. We have identified the set of genes with phylogenies
inconsistent with species and non-conserved location in the chromosome; these
genes are rare in at least one species and have likely experienced recent horizontal
transfer between species. The strain-specific fraction is enriched with mobile
elements and hypothetical proteins, but also contains a number of candidate virulence-related
genes, so it may have a strong impact on adaptability and pathogenicity.\r\nMapping
the rearrangements to the phylogenetic tree revealed large parallel inversions
in all species. A parallel inversion of length 15 kB with breakpoints formed by
genes encoding surface antigen proteins PhtD and PhtB in S. pneumoniae leads to
replacement of gene fragments that likely indicates the action of an antigen variation
mechanism.\r\n\r\nConclusions: Members of genus Streptococcus have a highly dynamic,
open pan-genome, that potentially confers them with the ability to adapt to changing
environmental conditions, i.e. antibiotic resistance or transmission between different
hosts. Hence, integrated analysis of all aspects of genome evolution is important
for the identification of potential pathogens and design of drugs and vaccines."
article_number: '83'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pavel V.
full_name: Shelyakin, Pavel V.
last_name: Shelyakin
orcid: 0000-0003-0120-9319
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Bochkareva, Olga
id: C4558D3C-6102-11E9-A62E-F418E6697425
last_name: Bochkareva
orcid: 0000-0003-1006-6639
- first_name: Anna A.
full_name: Karan, Anna A.
last_name: Karan
- first_name: Mikhail S.
full_name: Gelfand, Mikhail S.
last_name: Gelfand
citation:
ama: 'Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. Micro-evolution of three
Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow.
BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2019;19. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6'
apa: 'Shelyakin, P. V., Bochkareva, O., Karan, A. A., & Gelfand, M. S. (2019).
Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation,
and horizontal gene inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. Springer Nature.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6'
chicago: 'Shelyakin, Pavel V., Olga Bochkareva, Anna A. Karan, and Mikhail S. Gelfand.
“Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species: Selection, Antigenic Variation,
and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” BMC Evolutionary Biology. Springer Nature,
2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6.'
ieee: 'P. V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A. A. Karan, and M. S. Gelfand, “Micro-evolution
of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal
gene inflow,” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 19. Springer Nature, 2019.'
ista: 'Shelyakin PV, Bochkareva O, Karan AA, Gelfand MS. 2019. Micro-evolution of
three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene
inflow. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19, 83.'
mla: 'Shelyakin, Pavel V., et al. “Micro-Evolution of Three Streptococcus Species:
Selection, Antigenic Variation, and Horizontal Gene Inflow.” BMC Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 19, 83, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6.'
short: P.V. Shelyakin, O. Bochkareva, A.A. Karan, M.S. Gelfand, BMC Evolutionary
Biology 19 (2019).
date_created: 2020-08-15T11:04:07Z
date_published: 2019-03-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T13:28:54Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: BMC Evolutionary Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1471-2148
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation,
and horizontal gene inflow'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2019'
...