---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20082'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Efficient immune responses rely on the capacity of leukocytes to traverse
diverse and complex tissues. To meet such changing environmental conditions, leukocytes
usually adopt an ameboid configuration, using their forward-positioned nucleus
as a probe to identify and follow the path of least resistance among pre-existing
pores. We show that, in dense environments where even the largest pores preclude
free passage, leukocytes position their nucleus behind the centrosome and organelles.
The local compression imposed on the cell body by its surroundings triggers assembly
of a central F-actin pool, located between cell front and nucleus. Central actin
pushes outward to transiently dilate a path for organelles and nucleus. Pools
of central and front actin are tightly coupled and experimental depletion of the
central pool enhances actin accumulation and protrusion formation at the cell
front. Although this shifted balance speeds up cells in permissive environments,
migration in restrictive environments is impaired, as the unleashed leading edge
dissociates from the trapped cell body. Our findings establish an actin regulatory
loop that balances path dilation with advancement of the leading edge to maintain
cellular coherence.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA
through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics, Preclinical and Lab Support
Facilities. In particular, we thank M. A. Symth and F. G. G. Leite, from the Virus
Service Team, who helped generating the lentiviral particles used in this study.
We thank all the members of the Sixt group for valuable discussions and feedback,
in particular, I. Mayer, for helping with T cell isolation and Z. (P.) Li for providing
the Actin–GFP DC line. We are also thankful to J. Mandl and C. Shen for their feedback
during the writing of this manuscript. This work was supported by a European Research
Council grant ERC-SyG 101071793 to M.S. M.J.A. was supported by an HFSP Postdoctoral
Fellowship LTF 177 2021 and A.J.G. by a Lise Meitner Fellowship of the FWF (Austrian
Science Fund). Y.F. was supported by the AMED-CREST (JP19gm1310005), the Medical
Research Center Initiative for High Depth Omics and CURE:JPMXP1323015486 for MIB,
Kyushu University. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology
(IST Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Patricia
full_name: Dos Reis Rodrigues, Patricia
id: 26E95904-5160-11E9-9C0B-C5B0DC97E90F
last_name: Dos Reis Rodrigues
orcid: 0000-0003-1681-508X
- first_name: Mario
full_name: Avellaneda Sarrió, Mario
id: DC4BA84C-56E6-11EA-AD5D-348C3DDC885E
last_name: Avellaneda Sarrió
orcid: 0000-0001-6406-524X
- first_name: Nikola
full_name: Canigova, Nikola
id: 3795523E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Canigova
orcid: 0000-0002-8518-5926
- first_name: Florian R
full_name: Gärtner, Florian R
id: 397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gärtner
orcid: 0000-0001-6120-3723
- first_name: Kari
full_name: Vaahtomeri, Kari
id: 368EE576-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vaahtomeri
orcid: 0000-0001-7829-3518
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Riedl, Michael
id: 3BE60946-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Riedl
orcid: 0000-0003-4844-6311
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Jack
full_name: Merrin, Jack
id: 4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Merrin
orcid: 0000-0001-5145-4609
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Yoshinori
full_name: Fukui, Yoshinori
last_name: Fukui
- first_name: Alba
full_name: Juanes Garcia, Alba
id: 40F05888-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Juanes Garcia
orcid: 0000-0002-1009-9652
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
ama: Dos Reis Rodrigues P, Avellaneda Sarrió M, Canigova N, et al. Migrating immune
cells globally coordinate protrusive forces. Nature Immunology. 2025;26:1258–1266.
doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w
apa: Dos Reis Rodrigues, P., Avellaneda Sarrió, M., Canigova, N., Gärtner, F. R.,
Vaahtomeri, K., Riedl, M., … Sixt, M. K. (2025). Migrating immune cells globally
coordinate protrusive forces. Nature Immunology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w
chicago: Dos Reis Rodrigues, Patricia, Mario Avellaneda Sarrió, Nikola Canigova,
Florian R Gärtner, Kari Vaahtomeri, Michael Riedl, Ingrid de Vries, et al. “Migrating
Immune Cells Globally Coordinate Protrusive Forces.” Nature Immunology.
Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w.
ieee: P. Dos Reis Rodrigues et al., “Migrating immune cells globally coordinate
protrusive forces,” Nature Immunology, vol. 26. Springer Nature, pp. 1258–1266,
2025.
ista: Dos Reis Rodrigues P, Avellaneda Sarrió M, Canigova N, Gärtner FR, Vaahtomeri
K, Riedl M, de Vries I, Merrin J, Hauschild R, Fukui Y, Juanes Garcia A, Sixt
MK. 2025. Migrating immune cells globally coordinate protrusive forces. Nature
Immunology. 26, 1258–1266.
mla: Dos Reis Rodrigues, Patricia, et al. “Migrating Immune Cells Globally Coordinate
Protrusive Forces.” Nature Immunology, vol. 26, Springer Nature, 2025,
pp. 1258–1266, doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w.
short: P. Dos Reis Rodrigues, M. Avellaneda Sarrió, N. Canigova, F.R. Gärtner, K.
Vaahtomeri, M. Riedl, I. de Vries, J. Merrin, R. Hauschild, Y. Fukui, A. Juanes
Garcia, M.K. Sixt, Nature Immunology 26 (2025) 1258–1266.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-27T22:01:26Z
date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:26:50Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w
external_id:
isi:
- '001529134300001'
pmid:
- '40664976'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 0c725123dca7797c682609bff2c4c5ac
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-31T08:00:33Z
date_updated: 2025-07-31T08:00:33Z
file_id: '20096'
file_name: 2025_NatureImmunology_ReisRodrigues.pdf
file_size: 13514646
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-31T08:00:33Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02211-w
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 26'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1258–1266
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: bd91e723-d553-11ed-ba76-fe7eeb2185fd
grant_number: '101071793'
name: 'Pushing from within: Control of cell shape, integrity and motility by cytoskeletal
pushing forces'
- _id: c092d618-5a5b-11eb-8a69-f92e1e843fc8
grant_number: 944-2020
name: 'Bioelectric patrolling: the role of the local membrane potential in immune
cell migration'
publication: Nature Immunology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1529-2916
issn:
- 1529-2908
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/bench-pressing-cells/
record:
- id: '20149'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Migrating immune cells globally coordinate protrusive forces
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 26
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '17191'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Dendritic cells migrate to and from lymph nodes in response to chemokine gradients.Data
now show that steady-state migration of these cells can be triggered by a mechanosensitive
pathway.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Sergio
full_name: Lembo, Sergio
id: d993a7b2-292f-11ed-aaac-fb045a912e31
last_name: Lembo
orcid: 0000-0002-2253-8771
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
ama: Lembo S, Sixt MK. Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells. Nature Immunology.
2024;25:1131–1132. doi:10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2
apa: Lembo, S., & Sixt, M. K. (2024). Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells.
Nature Immunology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2
chicago: Lembo, Sergio, and Michael K Sixt. “Nuclear Squeezing Wakes up Dendritic
Cells.” Nature Immunology. Springer Nature, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2.
ieee: S. Lembo and M. K. Sixt, “Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells,” Nature
Immunology, vol. 25. Springer Nature, pp. 1131–1132, 2024.
ista: Lembo S, Sixt MK. 2024. Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells. Nature
Immunology. 25, 1131–1132.
mla: Lembo, Sergio, and Michael K. Sixt. “Nuclear Squeezing Wakes up Dendritic Cells.”
Nature Immunology, vol. 25, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 1131–1132, doi:10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2.
short: S. Lembo, M.K. Sixt, Nature Immunology 25 (2024) 1131–1132.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-06-30T22:01:05Z
date_published: 2024-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T08:06:56Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2
external_id:
isi:
- '001251509300001'
pmid:
- '38907047'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2
intvolume: ' 25'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: '1131–1132 '
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Immunology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1529-2916
issn:
- 1529-2908
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 25
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '9794'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Lymph nodes (LNs) comprise two main structural elements: fibroblastic reticular
cells that form dedicated niches for immune cell interaction and capsular fibroblasts
that build a shell around the organ. Immunological challenge causes LNs to increase
more than tenfold in size within a few days. Here, we characterized the biomechanics
of LN swelling on the cellular and organ scale. We identified lymphocyte trapping
by influx and proliferation as drivers of an outward pressure force, causing fibroblastic
reticular cells of the T-zone (TRCs) and their associated conduits to stretch.
After an initial phase of relaxation, TRCs sensed the resulting strain through
cell matrix adhesions, which coordinated local growth and remodeling of the stromal
network. While the expanded TRC network readopted its typical configuration, a
massive fibrotic reaction of the organ capsule set in and countered further organ
expansion. Thus, different fibroblast populations mechanically control LN swelling
in a multitier fashion.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST
Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics, Electron Microscopy,
Preclinical and Life Science Facilities. We thank C. Moussion for providing anti-PNAd
antibody and D. Critchley for Talin1-floxed mice, and E. Papusheva for providing
a custom 3D channel alignment script. This work was supported by a European Research
Council grant ERC-CoG-72437 to M.S. M.H. was supported by Czech Sciencundation GACR
20-24603Y and Charles University PRIMUS/20/MED/013.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Frank P
full_name: Assen, Frank P
id: 3A8E7F24-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Assen
orcid: 0000-0003-3470-6119
- first_name: Jun
full_name: Abe, Jun
last_name: Abe
- first_name: Miroslav
full_name: Hons, Miroslav
id: 4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hons
orcid: 0000-0002-6625-3348
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Shamipour, Shayan
id: 40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shamipour
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Kaufmann, Walter
id: 3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kaufmann
orcid: 0000-0001-9735-5315
- first_name: Tommaso
full_name: Costanzo, Tommaso
id: D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425
last_name: Costanzo
orcid: 0000-0001-9732-3815
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Krens, Gabriel
id: 2B819732-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Krens
orcid: 0000-0003-4761-5996
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Brown, Markus
id: 3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Brown
- first_name: Burkhard
full_name: Ludewig, Burkhard
last_name: Ludewig
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Wolfgang
full_name: Weninger, Wolfgang
last_name: Weninger
- first_name: Edouard B
full_name: Hannezo, Edouard B
id: 3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hannezo
orcid: 0000-0001-6005-1561
- first_name: Sanjiv A.
full_name: Luther, Sanjiv A.
last_name: Luther
- first_name: Jens V.
full_name: Stein, Jens V.
last_name: Stein
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
citation:
ama: Assen FP, Abe J, Hons M, et al. Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations
in swelling lymph nodes. Nature Immunology. 2022;23:1246-1255. doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4
apa: Assen, F. P., Abe, J., Hons, M., Hauschild, R., Shamipour, S., Kaufmann, W.,
… Sixt, M. K. (2022). Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations in swelling
lymph nodes. Nature Immunology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4
chicago: Assen, Frank P, Jun Abe, Miroslav Hons, Robert Hauschild, Shayan Shamipour,
Walter Kaufmann, Tommaso Costanzo, et al. “Multitier Mechanics Control Stromal
Adaptations in Swelling Lymph Nodes.” Nature Immunology. Springer Nature,
2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4.
ieee: F. P. Assen et al., “Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations
in swelling lymph nodes,” Nature Immunology, vol. 23. Springer Nature,
pp. 1246–1255, 2022.
ista: Assen FP, Abe J, Hons M, Hauschild R, Shamipour S, Kaufmann W, Costanzo T,
Krens G, Brown M, Ludewig B, Hippenmeyer S, Heisenberg C-PJ, Weninger W, Hannezo
EB, Luther SA, Stein JV, Sixt MK. 2022. Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations
in swelling lymph nodes. Nature Immunology. 23, 1246–1255.
mla: Assen, Frank P., et al. “Multitier Mechanics Control Stromal Adaptations in
Swelling Lymph Nodes.” Nature Immunology, vol. 23, Springer Nature, 2022,
pp. 1246–55, doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4.
short: F.P. Assen, J. Abe, M. Hons, R. Hauschild, S. Shamipour, W. Kaufmann, T.
Costanzo, G. Krens, M. Brown, B. Ludewig, S. Hippenmeyer, C.-P.J. Heisenberg,
W. Weninger, E.B. Hannezo, S.A. Luther, J.V. Stein, M.K. Sixt, Nature Immunology
23 (2022) 1246–1255.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2021-08-06T09:09:11Z
date_published: 2022-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-11T13:52:43Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SiHi
- _id: CaHe
- _id: EdHa
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: Bio
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000822975900002'
pmid:
- '35817845'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 628e7b49809f22c75b428842efe70c68
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2022-07-25T07:11:32Z
date_updated: 2022-07-25T07:11:32Z
file_id: '11642'
file_name: 2022_NatureImmunology_Assen.pdf
file_size: 11475325
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-07-25T07:11:32Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 23'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1246-1255
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '724373'
name: Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients
publication: Nature Immunology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1529-2916
issn:
- 1529-2908
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations in swelling lymph nodes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 23
year: '2022'
...