---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18853'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Electrolyte additives are extensively validated effective in mitigating dendrite
    growth and parasitic reactions in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Nonetheless,
    the mechanisms by which additives influence the formation and characteristics
    of the inorganic solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) are not yet fully elucidated.
    Herein, we investigate how Zn(CF3COO)2 additives influence solvation structure
    and elucidate the mechanism by which these additives promote the dual reduction
    of anions. Through cryo-transmission electron microscopy analysis, we identified
    the SEI as a highly amorphous ZnS/ZnF2 phase. This amorphous hybrid SEI demonstrates
    exceptional stability, mechanical robustness, and high Zn2+ conductivity, effectively
    mitigating parasitic reactions and enhancing Zn plating/stripping reversibility.
    Even under elevated current densities, the Zn anode exhibits ultra-stable longevity
    and ultra-high reversibility. This study provides a comprehensive understanding
    of the intrinsic mechanisms governing solvation structure modulation that lead
    to the formation of amorphous hybrid SEI, underscoring their efficacy in enhancing
    the performance and durability of AZIBs.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge financial support from the Joint Fund of
  Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program (235200810097) and the Generalitat
  de Catalunya (2021SGR01581). This research was supported by the Scientific Service
  Units (SSU) of ISTA Austria through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy
  Facility (EMF) and the Nanofabrication Facility (NFF). G. Z. and J. L. thank the
  China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the scholarship support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Guifang
  full_name: Zeng, Guifang
  last_name: Zeng
- first_name: Qing
  full_name: Sun, Qing
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Sharona
  full_name: Horta, Sharona
  id: 03a7e858-01b1-11ec-8b71-99ae6c4a05bc
  last_name: Horta
- first_name: Paulina R.
  full_name: Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R.
  last_name: Martínez-Alanis
- first_name: Peng
  full_name: Wu, Peng
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Jing
  full_name: Li, Jing
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Shang
  full_name: Wang, Shang
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Yanhong
  full_name: Tian, Yanhong
  last_name: Tian
- first_name: Lijie
  full_name: Ci, Lijie
  last_name: Ci
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Zeng G, Sun Q, Horta S, et al. Modulating the solvation structure to enhance
    amorphous solid electrolyte interface formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc
    anode. <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i>. 2025;18(4):1683-1695. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b">10.1039/d4ee03750b</a>
  apa: Zeng, G., Sun, Q., Horta, S., Martínez-Alanis, P. R., Wu, P., Li, J., … Cabot,
    A. (2025). Modulating the solvation structure to enhance amorphous solid electrolyte
    interface formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc anode. <i>Energy and Environmental
    Science</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b</a>
  chicago: Zeng, Guifang, Qing Sun, Sharona Horta, Paulina R. Martínez-Alanis, Peng
    Wu, Jing Li, Shang Wang, et al. “Modulating the Solvation Structure to Enhance
    Amorphous Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Zinc
    Anode.” <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b</a>.
  ieee: G. Zeng <i>et al.</i>, “Modulating the solvation structure to enhance amorphous
    solid electrolyte interface formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc anode,” <i>Energy
    and Environmental Science</i>, vol. 18, no. 4. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp.
    1683–1695, 2025.
  ista: Zeng G, Sun Q, Horta S, Martínez-Alanis PR, Wu P, Li J, Wang S, Ibáñez M,
    Tian Y, Ci L, Cabot A. 2025. Modulating the solvation structure to enhance amorphous
    solid electrolyte interface formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc anode. Energy
    and Environmental Science. 18(4), 1683–1695.
  mla: Zeng, Guifang, et al. “Modulating the Solvation Structure to Enhance Amorphous
    Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Zinc Anode.” <i>Energy
    and Environmental Science</i>, vol. 18, no. 4, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025,
    pp. 1683–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03750b">10.1039/d4ee03750b</a>.
  short: G. Zeng, Q. Sun, S. Horta, P.R. Martínez-Alanis, P. Wu, J. Li, S. Wang, M.
    Ibáñez, Y. Tian, L. Ci, A. Cabot, Energy and Environmental Science 18 (2025) 1683–1695.
date_created: 2025-01-19T23:01:52Z
date_published: 2025-02-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-10T11:51:27Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1039/d4ee03750b
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001389898000001'
intvolume: '        18'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 1683-1695
publication: Energy and Environmental Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1754-5706
  issn:
  - 1754-5692
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Modulating the solvation structure to enhance amorphous solid electrolyte interface
  formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc anode
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 18
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '17897'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: High-entropy materials (HEMs) offer a quasi-continuous spectrum of active
    sites and have generated great expectations in fields such as electrocatalysis
    and energy storage. Despite their potential, the complex composition and associated
    surface phenomena of HEMs pose challenges to their rational design and development.
    In this context, we have synthesized FeCoNiPdWP high entropy phosphide (HEP) nanoparticles
    using a low-temperature colloidal method, and explored their application as bifunctional
    electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR). Our
    analysis provides a detailed understanding of the individual roles and transformations
    of each element during OER/ORR operation. Notably, the HEPs exhibit an exceptionally
    low OER overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm−2, attributed to the reconstructed
    HEP surface into a FeCoNiPdW high entropy oxyhydroxide with high oxidation states
    of Fe, Co, and Ni serving as the active sites. Additionally, Pd and W play crucial
    roles in modulating the electronic structure to optimize the adsorption energy
    of oxygen intermediates. For the ORR, Pd emerges as the most active component.
    In the reconstructed catalyst, the strong d–d orbital coupling of especially Pd,
    Co, and W fine-tunes ORR electron transfer pathways, delivering an ORR half-wave
    potential of 0.81 V with a pure four-electron reduction mechanism. The practicality
    of these HEPs catalysts is showcased through the assembly of aqueous zinc–air
    batteries. These batteries demonstrate a superior specific capacity of 886 mA
    h gZn−1 and maintain excellent stability over more than 700 hours of continuous
    operation. Overall, this study not only elucidates the role of each element in
    HEMs but also establishes a foundational framework for the design and development
    of next-generation bifunctional oxygen catalysts, broadening the potential applications
    of these complex materials in advanced energy systems.
acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by the SyDEC at project from
  the Spanish MCIN/AEI/FEDER (PID2022-136883OB-C22) and Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR01581.
  J. N. H. and P. W. M. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education
  and Research in the framework of the project “Catlab” (03EW0015A/B). L. Yang thanks
  the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the scholarship support (202008130132).
  This work was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program (No. 857470) and the European Regional Development Fund via the Foundation
  for Polish Science International Research Agenda PLUS program (No. MAB PLUS/2018/8).
  The publication was created within the framework of the project of the Minister
  of Science and Higher Education, Poland “Support for the activities of Centres of
  Excellence established in Poland under Horizon 2020” under contract no. MEiN/2023/DIR/3795.
  H. D. and S. M. thank the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
  for supporting the Live-XAS project (05K22KE1) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG, German Research Foundation) for support under Germany's Excellence Strategy
  – EXC 2008/1 – 390540038 – UniSysCat. The authors thank the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
  (HZB) for beamtime allocation at the KMC-3 synchrotron beamline of the BESSY synchrotron
  in Berlin-Adlershof and Dr Ivo Zizak as well as Dr Michael Haumann for technical
  support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ren
  full_name: He, Ren
  last_name: He
- first_name: Shiqi
  full_name: Wang, Shiqi
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Linlin
  full_name: Yang, Linlin
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Sharona
  full_name: Horta, Sharona
  id: 03a7e858-01b1-11ec-8b71-99ae6c4a05bc
  last_name: Horta
- first_name: Yang
  full_name: Ding, Yang
  last_name: Ding
- first_name: Chong
  full_name: Di, Chong
  last_name: Di
- first_name: Xuesong
  full_name: Zhang, Xuesong
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Ying
  full_name: Xu, Ying
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Yingtang
  full_name: Zhou, Yingtang
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Mebs, Stefan
  last_name: Mebs
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Dau, Holger
  last_name: Dau
- first_name: Jan Niklas
  full_name: Hausmann, Jan Niklas
  last_name: Hausmann
- first_name: Wenyi
  full_name: Huo, Wenyi
  last_name: Huo
- first_name: Prashanth W.
  full_name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
  last_name: Menezes
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: He R, Wang S, Yang L, et al. Active site switching on high entropy phosphides
    as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable/robust Zn-air battery.
    <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i>. 2024;17(19):7193-7208. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a">10.1039/d4ee01912a</a>
  apa: He, R., Wang, S., Yang, L., Horta, S., Ding, Y., Di, C., … Cabot, A. (2024).
    Active site switching on high entropy phosphides as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
    for rechargeable/robust Zn-air battery. <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i>.
    Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a</a>
  chicago: He, Ren, Shiqi Wang, Linlin Yang, Sharona Horta, Yang Ding, Chong Di, Xuesong
    Zhang, et al. “Active Site Switching on High Entropy Phosphides as Bifunctional
    Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable/Robust Zn-Air Battery.” <i>Energy and
    Environmental Science</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a">https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a</a>.
  ieee: R. He <i>et al.</i>, “Active site switching on high entropy phosphides as
    bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable/robust Zn-air battery,”
    <i>Energy and Environmental Science</i>, vol. 17, no. 19. Royal Society of Chemistry,
    pp. 7193–7208, 2024.
  ista: He R, Wang S, Yang L, Horta S, Ding Y, Di C, Zhang X, Xu Y, Ibáñez M, Zhou
    Y, Mebs S, Dau H, Hausmann JN, Huo W, Menezes PW, Cabot A. 2024. Active site switching
    on high entropy phosphides as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable/robust
    Zn-air battery. Energy and Environmental Science. 17(19), 7193–7208.
  mla: He, Ren, et al. “Active Site Switching on High Entropy Phosphides as Bifunctional
    Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable/Robust Zn-Air Battery.” <i>Energy and
    Environmental Science</i>, vol. 17, no. 19, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024,
    pp. 7193–208, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee01912a">10.1039/d4ee01912a</a>.
  short: R. He, S. Wang, L. Yang, S. Horta, Y. Ding, C. Di, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, M. Ibáñez,
    Y. Zhou, S. Mebs, H. Dau, J.N. Hausmann, W. Huo, P.W. Menezes, A. Cabot, Energy
    and Environmental Science 17 (2024) 7193–7208.
date_created: 2024-09-08T22:01:13Z
date_published: 2024-08-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T09:15:49Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1039/d4ee01912a
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001298924700001'
intvolume: '        17'
isi: 1
issue: '19'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 7193-7208
publication: Energy and Environmental Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1754-5706
  issn:
  - 1754-5692
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Active site switching on high entropy phosphides as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
  for rechargeable/robust Zn-air battery
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 17
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12155'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The growing demand of thermal management in various fields such as miniaturized
    5G chips has motivated researchers to develop new and high-performance solid-state
    refrigeration technologies, typically including multicaloric and thermoelectric
    (TE) cooling. Among them, TE cooling has attracted huge attention owing to its
    advantages of rapid response, large cooling temperature difference, high stability,
    and tunable device size. Bi2Te3-based alloys have long been the only commercialized
    TE cooling materials, while novel systems SnSe and Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 have recently been
    discovered as potential candidates. However, challenges and problems still require
    to be summarized and further resolved for realizing better cooling performance.
    In this review, we systematically investigate TE cooling from its internal mechanism,
    crucial parameters, to device design and applications. Furthermore, we summarize
    the current optimization strategies for existing TE cooling materials, and finally
    provide some personal prospects especially the material-planification concept
    on future research on establishing better TE cooling.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge support from the National Key Research and Development
  Program of China (2018YFA0702100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
  (51571007, 51772012, 52002011 and 52002042), the Basic Science Center Project of
  National Natural Science Foundation of China (51788104), Beijing Natural Science
  Foundation (JQ18004), 111 Project (B17002), and the National Science Fund for Distinguished
  Young Scholars (51925101).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yongxin
  full_name: Qin, Yongxin
  last_name: Qin
- first_name: Bingchao
  full_name: Qin, Bingchao
  last_name: Qin
- first_name: Dongyang
  full_name: Wang, Dongyang
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Cheng
  full_name: Chang, Cheng
  id: 9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425
  last_name: Chang
  orcid: 0000-0002-9515-4277
- first_name: Li-Dong
  full_name: Zhao, Li-Dong
  last_name: Zhao
citation:
  ama: 'Qin Y, Qin B, Wang D, Chang C, Zhao L-D. Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics.
    <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>. 2022;15(11):4527-4541. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j">10.1039/d2ee02408j</a>'
  apa: 'Qin, Y., Qin, B., Wang, D., Chang, C., &#38; Zhao, L.-D. (2022). Solid-state
    cooling: Thermoelectrics. <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>. Royal Society
    of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j">https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j</a>'
  chicago: 'Qin, Yongxin, Bingchao Qin, Dongyang Wang, Cheng Chang, and Li-Dong Zhao.
    “Solid-State Cooling: Thermoelectrics.” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>.
    Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j">https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j</a>.'
  ieee: 'Y. Qin, B. Qin, D. Wang, C. Chang, and L.-D. Zhao, “Solid-state cooling:
    Thermoelectrics,” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>, vol. 15, no. 11.
    Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 4527–4541, 2022.'
  ista: 'Qin Y, Qin B, Wang D, Chang C, Zhao L-D. 2022. Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics.
    Energy &#38; Environmental Science. 15(11), 4527–4541.'
  mla: 'Qin, Yongxin, et al. “Solid-State Cooling: Thermoelectrics.” <i>Energy &#38;
    Environmental Science</i>, vol. 15, no. 11, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022,
    pp. 4527–41, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j">10.1039/d2ee02408j</a>.'
  short: Y. Qin, B. Qin, D. Wang, C. Chang, L.-D. Zhao, Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science 15 (2022) 4527–4541.
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:08:41Z
date_published: 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-22T08:13:43Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1039/d2ee02408j
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000863642400001'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
keyword:
- Pollution
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Environmental Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 4527-4541
publication: Energy & Environmental Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1754-5706
  issn:
  - 1754-5692
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee90067c
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '7275'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Aprotic alkali metal–oxygen batteries require reversible formation of metal
    superoxide or peroxide on cycling. Severe parasitic reactions cause poor rechargeability,
    efficiency, and cycle life and have been shown to be caused by singlet oxygen
    (1O2) that forms at all stages of cycling. However, its formation mechanism remains
    unclear. We show that disproportionation of superoxide, the product or intermediate
    on discharge and charge, to peroxide and oxygen is responsible for 1O2 formation.
    While the overall reaction is driven by the stability of peroxide and thus favored
    by stronger Lewis acidic cations such as Li+, the 1O2 fraction is enhanced by
    weak Lewis acids such as organic cations. Concurrently, the metal peroxide yield
    drops with increasing 1O2. The results explain a major parasitic pathway during
    cell cycling and the growing severity in K–, Na–, and Li–O2 cells based on the
    growing propensity for disproportionation. High capacities and rates with peroxides
    are now realized to require solution processes, which form peroxide or release
    O2via disproportionation. The results therefore establish the central dilemma
    that disproportionation is required for high capacity but also responsible for
    irreversible reactions. Highly reversible cell operation requires hence finding
    reaction routes that avoid disproportionation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Eléonore
  full_name: Mourad, Eléonore
  last_name: Mourad
- first_name: Yann K.
  full_name: Petit, Yann K.
  last_name: Petit
- first_name: Riccardo
  full_name: Spezia, Riccardo
  last_name: Spezia
- first_name: Aleksej
  full_name: Samojlov, Aleksej
  last_name: Samojlov
- first_name: Francesco F.
  full_name: Summa, Francesco F.
  last_name: Summa
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Leypold, Christian
  last_name: Leypold
- first_name: Nika
  full_name: Mahne, Nika
  last_name: Mahne
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Slugovc, Christian
  last_name: Slugovc
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Fontaine, Olivier
  last_name: Fontaine
- first_name: Sergio
  full_name: Brutti, Sergio
  last_name: Brutti
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Mourad E, Petit YK, Spezia R, et al. Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide
    disproportionation and consequences for aprotic metal–O2 batteries. <i>Energy
    &#38; Environmental Science</i>. 2019;12(8):2559-2568. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e">10.1039/c9ee01453e</a>
  apa: Mourad, E., Petit, Y. K., Spezia, R., Samojlov, A., Summa, F. F., Prehal, C.,
    … Freunberger, S. A. (2019). Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide disproportionation
    and consequences for aprotic metal–O2 batteries. <i>Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science</i>. RSC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e</a>
  chicago: Mourad, Eléonore, Yann K. Petit, Riccardo Spezia, Aleksej Samojlov, Francesco
    F. Summa, Christian Prehal, Christian Leypold, et al. “Singlet Oxygen from Cation
    Driven Superoxide Disproportionation and Consequences for Aprotic Metal–O2 Batteries.”
    <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>. RSC, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e</a>.
  ieee: E. Mourad <i>et al.</i>, “Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide disproportionation
    and consequences for aprotic metal–O2 batteries,” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science</i>, vol. 12, no. 8. RSC, pp. 2559–2568, 2019.
  ista: Mourad E, Petit YK, Spezia R, Samojlov A, Summa FF, Prehal C, Leypold C, Mahne
    N, Slugovc C, Fontaine O, Brutti S, Freunberger SA. 2019. Singlet oxygen from
    cation driven superoxide disproportionation and consequences for aprotic metal–O2
    batteries. Energy &#38; Environmental Science. 12(8), 2559–2568.
  mla: Mourad, Eléonore, et al. “Singlet Oxygen from Cation Driven Superoxide Disproportionation
    and Consequences for Aprotic Metal–O2 Batteries.” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science</i>, vol. 12, no. 8, RSC, 2019, pp. 2559–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01453e">10.1039/c9ee01453e</a>.
  short: E. Mourad, Y.K. Petit, R. Spezia, A. Samojlov, F.F. Summa, C. Prehal, C.
    Leypold, N. Mahne, C. Slugovc, O. Fontaine, S. Brutti, S.A. Freunberger, Energy
    &#38; Environmental Science 12 (2019) 2559–2568.
date_created: 2020-01-15T07:18:04Z
date_published: 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:41Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
- '541'
- '540'
doi: 10.1039/c9ee01453e
extern: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 94d4cfb2ab0b4c90ef76a7f3cc811feb
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-01-30T16:11:05Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
  file_id: '7424'
  file_name: 2019_EnergyEnvironScienc_Mourad.pdf
  file_size: 2888027
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2559-2568
publication: Energy & Environmental Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1754-5692
  - 1754-5706
publication_status: published
publisher: RSC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide disproportionation and consequences
  for aprotic metal–O2 batteries
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 12
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '7302'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Understanding charge carrier transport in Li2O2, the storage material in the
    non-aqueous Li-O2 battery, is key to the development of this high-energy battery.
    Here, we studied ionic transport properties and Li self-diffusion in nanocrystalline
    Li2O2 by conductivity and temperature variable 7Li NMR spectroscopy. Nanostructured
    Li2O2, characterized by a mean crystallite size of less than 50 nm as estimated
    from X-ray diffraction peak broadening, was prepared by high-energy ball milling
    of microcrystalline lithium peroxide with μm sized crystallites. At room temperature
    the overall conductivity σ of the microcrystalline reference sample turned out
    to be very low (3.4 × 10−13 S cm−1) which is in agreement with results from temperature-variable
    7Li NMR line shape measurements. Ball-milling, however, leads to an increase of
    σ by approximately two orders of magnitude (1.1 × 10−10 S cm−1); correspondingly,
    the activation energy decreases from 0.89 eV to 0.82 eV. The electronic contribution
    σeon, however, is in the order of 9 × 10−12 S cm−1 which makes less than 10% of
    the total value. Interestingly, 7Li NMR lines of nano-Li2O2 undergo pronounced
    heterogeneous motional narrowing which manifests in a two-component line shape
    emerging with increasing temperatures. Most likely, the enhancement in σ can be
    traced back to the generation of a spin reservoir with highly mobile Li ions;
    these are expected to reside in the nearest neighbourhood of defects generated
    or near the structurally disordered and defect-rich interfacial regions formed
    during mechanical treatment.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Dunst, A.
  last_name: Dunst
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Epp, V.
  last_name: Epp
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Hanzu, I.
  last_name: Hanzu
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Wilkening, M.
  last_name: Wilkening
citation:
  ama: Dunst A, Epp V, Hanzu I, Freunberger SA, Wilkening M. Short-range Li diffusion
    vs. long-range ionic conduction in nanocrystalline lithium peroxide Li2O2—the
    discharge product in lithium-air batteries. <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>.
    2014;7(8):2739-2752. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e">10.1039/c4ee00496e</a>
  apa: Dunst, A., Epp, V., Hanzu, I., Freunberger, S. A., &#38; Wilkening, M. (2014).
    Short-range Li diffusion vs. long-range ionic conduction in nanocrystalline lithium
    peroxide Li2O2—the discharge product in lithium-air batteries. <i>Energy &#38;
    Environmental Science</i>. RSC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e</a>
  chicago: Dunst, A., V. Epp, I. Hanzu, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and M. Wilkening.
    “Short-Range Li Diffusion vs. Long-Range Ionic Conduction in Nanocrystalline Lithium
    Peroxide Li2O2—the Discharge Product in Lithium-Air Batteries.” <i>Energy &#38;
    Environmental Science</i>. RSC, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e</a>.
  ieee: A. Dunst, V. Epp, I. Hanzu, S. A. Freunberger, and M. Wilkening, “Short-range
    Li diffusion vs. long-range ionic conduction in nanocrystalline lithium peroxide
    Li2O2—the discharge product in lithium-air batteries,” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science</i>, vol. 7, no. 8. RSC, pp. 2739–2752, 2014.
  ista: Dunst A, Epp V, Hanzu I, Freunberger SA, Wilkening M. 2014. Short-range Li
    diffusion vs. long-range ionic conduction in nanocrystalline lithium peroxide
    Li2O2—the discharge product in lithium-air batteries. Energy &#38; Environmental
    Science. 7(8), 2739–2752.
  mla: Dunst, A., et al. “Short-Range Li Diffusion vs. Long-Range Ionic Conduction
    in Nanocrystalline Lithium Peroxide Li2O2—the Discharge Product in Lithium-Air
    Batteries.” <i>Energy &#38; Environmental Science</i>, vol. 7, no. 8, RSC, 2014,
    pp. 2739–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee00496e">10.1039/c4ee00496e</a>.
  short: A. Dunst, V. Epp, I. Hanzu, S.A. Freunberger, M. Wilkening, Energy &#38;
    Environmental Science 7 (2014) 2739–2752.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:17:43Z
date_published: 2014-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:12:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1039/c4ee00496e
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2739-2752
publication: Energy & Environmental Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1754-5692
  - 1754-5706
publication_status: published
publisher: RSC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Short-range Li diffusion vs. long-range ionic conduction in nanocrystalline
  lithium peroxide Li2O2—the discharge product in lithium-air batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2014'
...