@article{20480,
  abstract     = {Recent studies have argued that air temperatures over many mountain glaciers are decoupled from their surroundings, leading to a local cooling which could slow down melting. Here we use a compilation of on-glacier meteorological observations to assess the extent to which this relationship changes under warming. Statistical modelling of the potential temperature decoupling of the world’s mountain glaciers indicates that currently glacier boundary layers warm ~0.83 °C on average for every degree of ambient temperature rise. Future projections under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) climate scenarios SSP 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 indicate that decoupling, and thus relative cooling over glaciers, is maximized during the 2020s and 2030s, before widespread glacier retreat acts to recouple above-glacier air temperatures with its surroundings. This nonlinear feedback will lead to an increased sensitivity to warming from midcentury, with glaciers losing their capacity to affect the local climate and cool themselves.},
  author       = {Shaw, Thomas and Miles, Evan S. and McCarthy, Michael and Buri, Pascal and Guyennon, Nicolas and Salerno, Franco and Carturan, Luca and Brock, Benjamin and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1758-6798},
  journal      = {Nature Climate Change},
  pages        = {1212--1218},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric warming over the twenty-first century}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{22526,
  abstract     = {Climate change can reduce surface-water supply by enhancing evapotranspiration in forested mountains, especially during heatwaves. We investigate this ‘drought paradox’ for the European Alps using a 1,212-station database and hyper-resolution ecohydrological simulations to quantify blue (runoff) and green (evapotranspiration) water fluxes. During the 2003 heatwave, evapotranspiration in large areas over the Alps was above average despite low precipitation, amplifying the runoff deficit by 32% in the most runoff-productive areas (1,300–3,000 m above sea level). A 3 °C air temperature increase could enhance annual evapotranspiration by up to 100 mm (45 mm on average), which would reduce annual runoff at a rate similar to a 3% precipitation decrease. This suggests that green-water feedbacks—which are often poorly represented in large-scale model simulations—pose an additional threat to water resources, especially in dry summers. Despite uncertainty in the validation of the hyper-resolution ecohydrological modelling with observations, this approach permits more realistic predictions of mountain region water availability.},
  author       = {Mastrotheodoros, Theodoros and Pappas, Christoforos and Molnar, Peter and Burlando, Paolo and Manoli, Gabriele and Parajka, Juraj and Rigon, Riccardo and Szeles, Borbala and Bottazzi, Michele and Hadjidoukas, Panagiotis and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {1758-6798},
  journal      = {Nature Climate Change},
  pages        = {155--161},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{More green and less blue water in the Alps during warmer summers}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{9143,
  abstract     = {Understanding and predicting the response of the hydrological cycle to climate change is a major challenge with important societal implications. Much progress has been made in understanding the response of global average precipitation by considering the energy balances of the atmosphere and the surface1,2,3,4,5,6. This energetic perspective reveals that changes in temperature, greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar forcing and cloud feedbacks can all affect the global average rate of precipitation5,7,8,9,10,11. Local precipitation changes have conventionally been analysed using the water vapour budget, but here we show that the energetic approach can be extended to local changes in precipitation by including changes in horizontal energy transport. In simulations of twenty-first century climate change, this energy transport accounts for much of the spatial variability in precipitation change. We show that changes in radiative and surface sensible heat fluxes are a guide to the local precipitation response over land and at large scales, but not at small scales over the ocean, where cloud and water vapour radiative feedbacks dampen the response. The energetic approach described here helps bridge the gap between our understanding of global and regional precipitation changes. It could be applied to better understand the response of regional precipitation to different radiative forcings, including geo-engineering schemes, as well as to understand the differences between the fast and slow responses of regional precipitation to such forcings.},
  author       = {Muller, Caroline J and O’Gorman, P. A.},
  issn         = {1758-678X},
  journal      = {Nature Climate Change},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {266--271},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{An energetic perspective on the regional response of precipitation to climate change}},
  doi          = {10.1038/nclimate1169},
  volume       = {1},
  year         = {2011},
}