---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '7883'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: All vertebrates have a spinal cord with dimensions and shape specific to their
    species. Yet how species‐specific organ size and shape are achieved is a fundamental
    unresolved question in biology. The formation and sculpting of organs begins during
    embryonic development. As it develops, the spinal cord extends in anterior–posterior
    direction in synchrony with the overall growth of the body. The dorsoventral (DV)
    and apicobasal lengths of the spinal cord neuroepithelium also change, while at
    the same time a characteristic pattern of neural progenitor subtypes along the
    DV axis is established and elaborated. At the basis of these changes in tissue
    size and shape are biophysical determinants, such as the change in cell number,
    cell size and shape, and anisotropic tissue growth. These processes are controlled
    by global tissue‐scale regulators, such as morphogen signaling gradients as well
    as mechanical forces. Current challenges in the field are to uncover how these
    tissue‐scale regulatory mechanisms are translated to the cellular and molecular
    level, and how regulation of distinct cellular processes gives rise to an overall
    defined size. Addressing these questions will help not only to achieve a better
    understanding of how size is controlled, but also of how tissue size is coordinated
    with the specification of pattern.
acknowledgement: 'Austrian Academy of Sciences, Grant/Award Number: DOC fellowship
  for Katarzyna Kuzmicz-Kowalska; Austrian Science Fund, Grant/Award Number: F78 (Stem
  Cell Modulation); H2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 680037'
article_number: e383
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Katarzyna
  full_name: Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Katarzyna
  id: 4CED352A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kuzmicz-Kowalska
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Kicheva, Anna
  id: 3959A2A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kicheva
  orcid: 0000-0003-4509-4998
citation:
  ama: 'Kuzmicz-Kowalska K, Kicheva A. Regulation of size and scale in vertebrate
    spinal cord development. <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology</i>.
    2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383">10.1002/wdev.383</a>'
  apa: 'Kuzmicz-Kowalska, K., &#38; Kicheva, A. (2021). Regulation of size and scale
    in vertebrate spinal cord development. <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental
    Biology</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383">https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383</a>'
  chicago: 'Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Katarzyna, and Anna Kicheva. “Regulation of Size and
    Scale in Vertebrate Spinal Cord Development.” <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:
    Developmental Biology</i>. Wiley, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383">https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Kuzmicz-Kowalska and A. Kicheva, “Regulation of size and scale in vertebrate
    spinal cord development,” <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology</i>.
    Wiley, 2021.'
  ista: 'Kuzmicz-Kowalska K, Kicheva A. 2021. Regulation of size and scale in vertebrate
    spinal cord development. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology.,
    e383.'
  mla: 'Kuzmicz-Kowalska, Katarzyna, and Anna Kicheva. “Regulation of Size and Scale
    in Vertebrate Spinal Cord Development.” <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental
    Biology</i>, e383, Wiley, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.383">10.1002/wdev.383</a>.'
  short: 'K. Kuzmicz-Kowalska, A. Kicheva, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental
    Biology (2021).'
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-24T22:01:00Z
date_published: 2021-04-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-26T22:30:58Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: AnKi
doi: 10.1002/wdev.383
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000531419400001'
  pmid:
  - '32391980'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: f0a7745d48afa09ea7025e876a0145a8
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-11-24T13:11:39Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-24T13:11:39Z
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  file_size: 2527276
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file_date_updated: 2020-11-24T13:11:39Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: B6FC0238-B512-11E9-945C-1524E6697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '680037'
  name: Coordination of Patterning And Growth In the Spinal Cord
- _id: 267AF0E4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: The role of morphogens in the regulation of neural tube growth
- _id: 059DF620-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  grant_number: F7802
  name: Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P02-Morphogen
    control of growth and pattern in the spinal cord
publication: 'Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1759-7692
  issn:
  - 1759-7684
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Regulation of size and scale in vertebrate spinal cord development
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '740'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Developments in bioengineering and molecular biology have introduced a palette
    of genetically encoded probes for identification of specific cell populations
    in electron microscopy. These probes can be targeted to distinct cellular compartments,
    rendering them electron dense through a subsequent chemical reaction. These electron
    densities strongly increase the local contrast in samples prepared for electron
    microscopy, allowing three major advances in ultrastructural mapping of circuits:
    genetic identification of circuit components, targeted imaging of regions of interest
    and automated analysis of the tagged circuits. Together, the gains from these
    advances can decrease the time required for the analysis of targeted circuit motifs
    by over two orders of magnitude. These genetic encoded tags for electron microscopy
    promise to simplify the analysis of circuit motifs and become a central tool for
    structure‐function studies of synaptic connections in the brain. We review the
    current state‐of‐the‐art with an emphasis on connectomics, the quantitative analysis
    of neuronal structures and motifs.'
article_number: e288
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Maximilian A
  full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
  id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jösch
  orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
  ama: Shigemoto R, Jösch MA. The genetic encoded toolbox for electron microscopy
    and connectomics. <i>WIREs Developmental Biology</i>. 2017;6(6). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288">10.1002/wdev.288</a>
  apa: Shigemoto, R., &#38; Jösch, M. A. (2017). The genetic encoded toolbox for electron
    microscopy and connectomics. <i>WIREs Developmental Biology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288">https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288</a>
  chicago: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, and Maximilian A Jösch. “The Genetic Encoded Toolbox
    for Electron Microscopy and Connectomics.” <i>WIREs Developmental Biology</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288">https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288</a>.
  ieee: R. Shigemoto and M. A. Jösch, “The genetic encoded toolbox for electron microscopy
    and connectomics,” <i>WIREs Developmental Biology</i>, vol. 6, no. 6. Wiley-Blackwell,
    2017.
  ista: Shigemoto R, Jösch MA. 2017. The genetic encoded toolbox for electron microscopy
    and connectomics. WIREs Developmental Biology. 6(6), e288.
  mla: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, and Maximilian A. Jösch. “The Genetic Encoded Toolbox for
    Electron Microscopy and Connectomics.” <i>WIREs Developmental Biology</i>, vol.
    6, no. 6, e288, Wiley-Blackwell, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.288">10.1002/wdev.288</a>.
  short: R. Shigemoto, M.A. Jösch, WIREs Developmental Biology 6 (2017).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:15Z
date_published: 2017-08-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-10T11:54:34Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: RySh
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.1002/wdev.288
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000412827400005'
  pmid:
  - '28800674'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a9370f27b1591773b7a0de299bc81c8c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-11-19T07:36:18Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z
  file_id: '7045'
  file_name: 2017_WIREs_Shigemoto.pdf
  file_size: 1647787
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
publication: WIREs Developmental Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1759-7684
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '6927'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The genetic encoded toolbox for electron microscopy and connectomics
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2017'
...