[{"citation":{"ista":"Hardmeier F, Ferguson J, Vieli A. 2026. Feedbacks and timescales in the modelled transient response of debris-covered glaciers. The Cryosphere. 20(9), 5365–5392.","ieee":"F. Hardmeier, J. Ferguson, and A. Vieli, “Feedbacks and timescales in the modelled transient response of debris-covered glaciers,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 20, no. 9. Copernicus Publications, pp. 5365–5392, 2026.","ama":"Hardmeier F, Ferguson J, Vieli A. Feedbacks and timescales in the modelled transient response of debris-covered glaciers. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2026;20(9):5365-5392. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026\">10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026</a>","short":"F. Hardmeier, J. Ferguson, A. Vieli, The Cryosphere 20 (2026) 5365–5392.","chicago":"Hardmeier, Florian, James Ferguson, and Andreas Vieli. “Feedbacks and Timescales in the Modelled Transient Response of Debris-Covered Glaciers.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026</a>.","mla":"Hardmeier, Florian, et al. “Feedbacks and Timescales in the Modelled Transient Response of Debris-Covered Glaciers.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 20, no. 9, Copernicus Publications, 2026, pp. 5365–92, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026\">10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026</a>.","apa":"Hardmeier, F., Ferguson, J., &#38; Vieli, A. (2026). Feedbacks and timescales in the modelled transient response of debris-covered glaciers. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026</a>"},"oa_version":"None","date_published":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","ddc":["550","000"],"month":"09","file_date_updated":"2026-10-12T09:17:51Z","intvolume":"        20","acknowledgement":"We thank Evan Miles, Ramachandran Shankar, and Argha Banerjee for valuable discussions and inputs on experiment design and analysis. This research has been mainly funded by the SNSF (grant no. IZINZ2_209521) within the Indo-Swiss joint trilateral SNSF-ICSSR-MoES scheme and the earlier SNSF (grant no. 200021_169775).","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2026-10-11T22:02:04Z","year":"2026","publication":"The Cryosphere","scopus_import":"1","dataavailabilitystatement":"The model presented in this study as well as the code and synthetic data (generated from model runs) are available on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22687411 (Hardmeier et al., 2026). Two animations, referenced to in the text as Video Supplement 1 and 2, are available on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22687411 (Hardmeier et al., 2026).","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-10-12T09:21:04Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Hardmeier","first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Hardmeier, Florian"},{"full_name":"Ferguson, James","id":"05fd8d9b-bd43-11eb-8d36-f8fb1cc98040","last_name":"Ferguson","first_name":"James"},{"full_name":"Vieli, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Vieli"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Glaciers worldwide are becoming increasingly debris-covered, yet many aspects within the coupled glacier-debris system are not well-understood. While the insulating effect of continuous debris layers is well-known, the transient feedbacks with glacier dynamics are poorly understood. The main aim of this study is to better understand the complex transient glacier response and debris-induced feedbacks through numerical flow modelling. We present an improved flowline model that couples ice flow, depth-resolved debris transport, and debris cover impact on mass balance. This approach allows for a detailed examination of the dynamics of debris-covered glaciers under transient forcing conditions of climate and debris input over extended timescales. Our results indicate that low-amplitude, decade-scale variability in debris or climate forcing does not substantially impact glacier evolution. However, large debris supply events can have a sustained impact. We find that debris-covered glacier response to warming climate forcing is non-monotonic, with distinct phases of thinning, retreat, and long-term re-advance. We attribute this to a separate, longer timescale process of englacial debris transport. Additionally, feedbacks in the englacial debris trajectory and complex bed topography further amplify the non-linear pattern of retreat in the transient glacier response to warming.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","volume":20,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","das_tickbox":"1","article_type":"original","issue":"9","doi":"10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026","oa":1,"researchdata_availability":"yes","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-10-12T09:17:51Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"23105","date_created":"2026-10-12T09:17:51Z","file_name":"2026_Cryosphere_Hardmeier.pdf","file_size":9284677,"checksum":"b934b69f66efac91c08680a513bf74d9","creator":"dernst"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-5365-2026","supplementarymaterial":"yes","department":[{"_id":"TiVo"}],"day":"21","page":"5365-5392","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1994-0416"],"eissn":["1994-0424"]},"title":"Feedbacks and timescales in the modelled transient response of debris-covered glaciers","_id":"23091","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}]