---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21714'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Be stars are rapidly rotating main-sequence stars that play a crucial role
in understanding stellar evolution and binary interactions. In this Letter, we
propose a new formation scenario for black hole (BH) + Be star binaries (hereafter
BHBe binaries), where the Be star is produced through the wind Roche lobe overflow
(WRLOF) mechanism. Our analysis is based on numerical simulations of the WRLOF
process in massive binaries, building on recent theoretical work. We demonstrate
that the WRLOF model can efficiently form BHBe binaries under reasonable assumptions
on stellar wind velocities. Using rapid binary population synthesis, we estimate
the population of such systems in the Milky Way, predicting ∼1800−3200 currently
existing BHBe binaries originating from the WRLOF channel. These systems are characterized
by high eccentricities and exceptionally wide orbits, with typical orbital periods
exceeding 1000 days and a peak distribution around ∼10,000 days. Due to their
long orbital separations, these BHBe binaries are promising targets for future
detection via astrometric and interferometric observations.
acknowledgement: We are deeply grateful to the anonymous referee for the insightful
comments, which have significantly improved the quality of this work. The authors
express their gratitude to Zhaoyu Zuo and I. El Mellah for sharing the grids of
wind accretion efficiencies. Z.L. thanks Matthias U. Kruckow for detailed discussions
about the BH formation. This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation
of China (grant Nos. 12125303, 12525304, 12288102, 12090040/3, 12473034, 12503044,
12333008, 12433009, 12422305, 12273105, 12073070, 12173081), the Strategic Priority
Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant Nos. XDB1160303, XDB1160201,
XDB1160000), the National Key R&D Program of China (grant Nos. 2021YFA1600403 and
2021YFA1600400), the CAS “Light of West China,” the Yunnan Revitalization Talent
Support Program-Science & Technology Champion Project (No. 202305AB350003) and Young
Talent project, the International Centre of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory
of Supernova Research (Nos. 202302AN360001 and 202201BC070003), Yunnan Fundamental
Research Projects (No. 202401AT070139), and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan
Province (No. 242300420944). X.C. acknowledges the New Cornerstone Science Foundation
through the XPLORER PRIZE. The authors gratefully acknowledge the “PHOENIX Supercomputing
Platform” jointly operated by the Binary Population Synthesis Group and the Stellar
Astrophysics Group at Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
article_number: L42
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zhenwei
full_name: Li, Zhenwei
last_name: Li
- first_name: Shi
full_name: Jia, Shi
last_name: Jia
- first_name: Dandan
full_name: Wei, Dandan
id: 5dd129bd-0601-11ef-b325-833284687b76
last_name: Wei
- first_name: Hongwei
full_name: Ge, Hongwei
last_name: Ge
- first_name: Hailiang
full_name: Chen, Hailiang
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Yangyang
full_name: Zhang, Yangyang
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Xuefei
full_name: Chen, Xuefei
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Zhanwen
full_name: Han, Zhanwen
last_name: Han
citation:
ama: 'Li Z, Jia S, Wei D, et al. Formation of Be stars via wind accretion: Case
study on Black Hole + Be star binaries. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2026;996(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae3008'
apa: 'Li, Z., Jia, S., Wei, D., Ge, H., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., … Han, Z. (2026). Formation
of Be stars via wind accretion: Case study on Black Hole + Be star binaries. The
Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae3008'
chicago: 'Li, Zhenwei, Shi Jia, Dandan Wei, Hongwei Ge, Hailiang Chen, Yangyang
Zhang, Xuefei Chen, and Zhanwen Han. “Formation of Be Stars via Wind Accretion:
Case Study on Black Hole + Be Star Binaries.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing, 2026. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae3008.'
ieee: 'Z. Li et al., “Formation of Be stars via wind accretion: Case study
on Black Hole + Be star binaries,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol.
996, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2026.'
ista: 'Li Z, Jia S, Wei D, Ge H, Chen H, Zhang Y, Chen X, Han Z. 2026. Formation
of Be stars via wind accretion: Case study on Black Hole + Be star binaries. The
Astrophysical Journal Letters. 996(2), L42.'
mla: 'Li, Zhenwei, et al. “Formation of Be Stars via Wind Accretion: Case Study
on Black Hole + Be Star Binaries.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol.
996, no. 2, L42, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae3008.'
short: Z. Li, S. Jia, D. Wei, H. Ge, H. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, Z. Han, The Astrophysical
Journal Letters 996 (2026).
date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:50Z
date_published: 2026-01-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T06:26:18Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: YlGo
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae3008
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2512.18565'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 09200c1cf405101abdd298ce80c9a90d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-04-16T06:24:30Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T06:24:30Z
file_id: '21741'
file_name: 2026_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Li.pdf
file_size: 5202345
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-04-16T06:24:30Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 996'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Formation of Be stars via wind accretion: Case study on Black Hole + Be star
binaries'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 996
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21709'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'JWST’s “little red dots” (LRDs) are increasingly interpreted as active galactic
nuclei (AGN) obscured by dense thermalized gas rather than dust as evidenced by
their X-ray weakness, blackbody-like continua, and Balmer line profiles. Key questions
are how LRDs connect to standard UV-luminous AGN, whether transitional phases
exist, and whether they are observable. We present the “X-ray dot” (XRD), a compact
source at z = 3.28 observed by the NIRSpec Wide Guaranteed Time Observation survey.
The XRD exhibits LRD hallmarks: a blackbody-like (Teff ≃ 6400 K) red continuum,
a faint but blue rest-UV excess, falling mid-IR emission, and broad Balmer lines
(FWHM ∼ 2700–3200 km s−1). Unlike LRDs, however, it is remarkably X-ray luminous
(L2−10 keV = 1044.18 erg s−1) and has a continuum inflection that is blueward
of the Balmer limit. We find that the red rest-optical and blue mid-IR continuum
cannot be reproduced by standard dust-attenuated AGN models without invoking extremely
steep extinction curves, nor can the weak mid-IR emission be reconciled with well-established
X-ray–torus scaling relations. We therefore consider an alternative scenario:
the XRD may be an LRD in transition, where the gas envelope dominates the optical
continuum but optically thin sight lines allow X-rays to escape. The XRD may thus
provide a physical link between LRDs and standard AGN, offering direct evidence
that LRDs are powered by supermassive black holes and providing insight into their
accretion properties.'
acknowledgement: "We would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for their constructive
comments, which improved the final manuscript.\r\n\r\nWe thank Bernd Husemann for
his critical contributions to the NIRSpec Wide GTO survey, and in particular his
help in selecting high-priority X-ray-luminous targets.\r\n\r\nR.E.H. acknowledges
support by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry for Economic
Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 “RUBIES.” A.d.G. acknowledges
support from a Clay Fellowship awarded by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
A.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced grant from the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program (grant agreement No. 789056). R.P.N. thanks Neil Pappalardo and Jane Pappalardo
for their generous support of the MIT Pappalardo Fellowships in Physics. Support
for this work was provided by the Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship
grant. H.Ü. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC APEX, 101164796). Views
and opinions expressed are, however, those of the authors only and do not necessarily
reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency.
Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for
them. G.V. acknowledges support from European Union’s HE ERC Starting grant No.
101040227—WINGS. B.W. acknowledges support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship
grant HST-HF2-51592.001 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which
is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, In., for
NASA, under the contract NAS 5-26555.\r\n\r\nThe data products presented herein
were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic
Dawn Center (DAWN).\r\n\r\nThis work is based in part on observations made with
the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski
Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is
operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under
NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs
Nos. GTO-1213. The data described here may be obtained from the MAST archive at
DOI: 10.17909/qffz-b324.\r\n\r\nThis Letter employs a list of Chandra datasets,
obtained by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, contained in DOI: 10.25574/cdc.540.\r\n\r\nThis
work is based on observations taken by the 3D-HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and
12328) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.\r\n\r\nThis work
makes use of color palettes created by Martin Krzywinski designed for colorblindness.
The color palettes and more information can be found at http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/colorblind/.\r\n\r\nFacilities:
CXO - Chandra X-ray Observatory satellite (ACIS), HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite
(ACS, WFC3) - , CFHT - Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (WIRCam), JWST - James Webb
Space Telescope (NIRSpec), Spitzer - Spitzer Space Telescope satellite (IRAC, MIPS)
- , JCMT - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (SCUBA).\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy
Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018, 2022), dust_attenuation, dust_extinction (K. Gordon
2024), jax (J. Bradbury et al. 2018), LaTeX (L. Lamport 1994), Matplotlib (J. D.
Hunter 2007), NumPy (T. E. Oliphant 2006; S. van der Walt et al. 2011; C. R. Harris
et al. 2020), NumPyro (D. Phan et al. 2019), scipy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), sedpy
(B. Johnson & J. Leja 2017), specutils (Astropy-Specutils Development Team 2019),
unite (R. E. Hviding 2025)."
article_number: L18
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Raphael E.
full_name: Hviding, Raphael E.
last_name: Hviding
- first_name: Anna
full_name: De Graaff, Anna
last_name: De Graaff
- first_name: Hanpu
full_name: Liu, Hanpu
last_name: Liu
- first_name: Andy D.
full_name: Goulding, Andy D.
last_name: Goulding
- first_name: Yilun
full_name: Ma, Yilun
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Jenny E.
full_name: Greene, Jenny E.
last_name: Greene
- first_name: Leindert A.
full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A.
last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Andrew J.
full_name: Bunker, Andrew J.
last_name: Bunker
- first_name: Nikko J.
full_name: Cleri, Nikko J.
last_name: Cleri
- first_name: Marijn
full_name: Franx, Marijn
last_name: Franx
- first_name: Michaela
full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela
last_name: Hirschmann
- first_name: Joel
full_name: Leja, Joel
last_name: Leja
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: David J.
full_name: Setton, David J.
last_name: Setton
- first_name: Hannah
full_name: Übler, Hannah
last_name: Übler
- first_name: Giacomo
full_name: Venturi, Giacomo
last_name: Venturi
- first_name: Bingjie
full_name: Wang, Bingjie
last_name: Wang
citation:
ama: 'Hviding RE, De Graaff A, Liu H, et al. The X-ray dot: Exotic dust or a late-stage
Little Red Dot? The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2026;1000(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c88'
apa: 'Hviding, R. E., De Graaff, A., Liu, H., Goulding, A. D., Ma, Y., Greene, J.
E., … Wang, B. (2026). The X-ray dot: Exotic dust or a late-stage Little Red Dot?
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c88'
chicago: 'Hviding, Raphael E., Anna De Graaff, Hanpu Liu, Andy D. Goulding, Yilun
Ma, Jenny E. Greene, Leindert A. Boogaard, et al. “The X-Ray Dot: Exotic Dust
or a Late-Stage Little Red Dot?” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP
Publishing, 2026. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c88.'
ieee: 'R. E. Hviding et al., “The X-ray dot: Exotic dust or a late-stage
Little Red Dot?,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 1000, no. 1.
IOP Publishing, 2026.'
ista: 'Hviding RE, De Graaff A, Liu H, Goulding AD, Ma Y, Greene JE, Boogaard LA,
Bunker AJ, Cleri NJ, Franx M, Hirschmann M, Leja J, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Setton
DJ, Übler H, Venturi G, Wang B. 2026. The X-ray dot: Exotic dust or a late-stage
Little Red Dot? The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1000(1), L18.'
mla: 'Hviding, Raphael E., et al. “The X-Ray Dot: Exotic Dust or a Late-Stage Little
Red Dot?” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 1000, no. 1, L18, IOP
Publishing, 2026, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c88.'
short: R.E. Hviding, A. De Graaff, H. Liu, A.D. Goulding, Y. Ma, J.E. Greene, L.A.
Boogaard, A.J. Bunker, N.J. Cleri, M. Franx, M. Hirschmann, J. Leja, J.J. Matthee,
R.P. Naidu, D.J. Setton, H. Übler, G. Venturi, B. Wang, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 1000 (2026).
date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:48Z
date_published: 2026-03-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:13:07Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae4c88
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2601.09778'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1be4f361bf59aa08b8c98ed4f475a463
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-05-04T07:11:37Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:11:37Z
file_id: '21784'
file_name: 2026_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Hviding.pdf
file_size: 2821786
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:11:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 1000'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The X-ray dot: Exotic dust or a late-stage Little Red Dot?'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1000
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21713'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: GW231123 represents the most massive binary–black hole merger detected to
date, lying firmly within, or even above, the pair-instability mass gap. The component
spins are both exceptionally high (a1 = 0.90 +0.10/-0.19, a2 = 0.80 +0.20/-0.51),
which is difficult to explain with repeated mergers. Here we show that the black
hole spin vectors are closely aligned with each other while significantly tilted
relative to the binary’s orbital angular momentum, pointing to a common accretion-driven
origin. We examine astrophysical formation channels capable of producing near-equal,
high-mass, and mutually aligned spins consistent with GW231123—particularly binaries
embedded in AGN disks and Population III remnants, which grew via coherent misaligned
gas accretion. We further argue that other high-mass, high-spin events, e.g.,
GW190521, may share a similar evolutionary pathway. These findings underscore
the critical role of sustained, coherent accretion in shaping the most extreme
black hole binaries.
acknowledgement: The authors thank Davide Gerosa and Matthew Mould for valuable suggestions.
We are grateful for support by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY-2309024
(I.B.) and by NASA under grants 80NSSC22K0822 and 80NSSC24K0440 (Z.H.). We used
OpenAI’s ChatGPT (OpenAI 2025) during the preparation of this manuscript. This material
is based upon work supported by NSF’s LIGO Laboratory, which is a major facility
fully funded by the National Science Foundation.
article_number: L44
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Imre
full_name: Bartos, Imre
last_name: Bartos
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
ama: 'Bartos I, Haiman Z. Accretion is all you need: Black Hole spin alignment in
merger GW231123 indicates accretion pathway. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2026;996(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae2bff'
apa: 'Bartos, I., & Haiman, Z. (2026). Accretion is all you need: Black Hole
spin alignment in merger GW231123 indicates accretion pathway. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae2bff'
chicago: 'Bartos, Imre, and Zoltán Haiman. “Accretion Is All You Need: Black Hole
Spin Alignment in Merger GW231123 Indicates Accretion Pathway.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2026. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae2bff.'
ieee: 'I. Bartos and Z. Haiman, “Accretion is all you need: Black Hole spin alignment
in merger GW231123 indicates accretion pathway,” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 996, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2026.'
ista: 'Bartos I, Haiman Z. 2026. Accretion is all you need: Black Hole spin alignment
in merger GW231123 indicates accretion pathway. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
996(2), L44.'
mla: 'Bartos, Imre, and Zoltán Haiman. “Accretion Is All You Need: Black Hole Spin
Alignment in Merger GW231123 Indicates Accretion Pathway.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 996, no. 2, L44, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae2bff.'
short: I. Bartos, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 996 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:49Z
date_published: 2026-01-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T09:54:18Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae2bff
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.08558'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ac46ba3d13f0150ccbc42665bed3ae47
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-05-04T09:49:53Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T09:49:53Z
file_id: '21788'
file_name: 2026_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Bartos.pdf
file_size: 866725
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-05-04T09:49:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 996'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Accretion is all you need: Black Hole spin alignment in merger GW231123 indicates
accretion pathway'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 996
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21846'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We compile a sample of 83 little red dots (LRDs) with JWST imaging and find
that a substantial fraction (∼43%, rising to ≳80% for the most luminous LRDs)
host one or more spatially offset, UV-bright companions at projected separations
of 0.5 kpc ≲ d ≲ 5 kpc, with median 〈d〉 = 1.0 kpc. This fraction is even higher
when smaller spatial scales are probed at high signal-to-noise ratio: the two
most strongly lensed LRDs, A383-LRD1 and the newly discovered A68-LRD1, both have
UV-bright companions at separations of only d ∼ 0.3 kpc, below the resolution
limit of most unlensed JWST samples. We explore whether these ubiquitous red/blue
configurations may be physically linked to the formation of LRDs, in analogy with
the “synchronized pair” scenario originally proposed for direct-collapse black
hole formation. In this picture, UV radiation from the companions, with typically
modest stellar masses (M∗ ∼ 108−109 M⊙), suppresses molecular hydrogen cooling
in nearby gas, allowing nearly isothermal collapse and the formation of extremely
compact objects, such as massive black holes, supermassive stars, or quasi-stars.
Using component-resolved photometry and spectral energy distribution modeling,
we infer Lyman–Werner radiation fields of J21,LW ∼ 102.5–105 at the locations
of the red components, comparable to those required in direct-collapse models,
suggesting that the necessary photodissociation conditions are realized in many
LRD systems. This framework provides a simple and self-consistent explanation
for the extreme compactness and distinctive spectral properties of LRDs and links
long-standing theoretical models for early compact object formation directly to
a population now observed with JWST in the early Universe.'
acknowledgement: 'We thank Earl Bellinger, Fabio Pacucci, Andrea Ferrara, and Dale
Kocevski for useful discussions. This work is based on observations made with the
NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski
Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is
operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under
NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These imaging observations are associated with
programs 1345, 1180, 1181, 1243, 6882, 2561, 1324, 4111, and 1895. The compiled
dataset can be accessed at doi:10.17909/1m8f-9c47. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. J.M. and
A.T. acknowledge funding by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). This work
was performed in part at Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National
Science Foundation grant PHY-2210452. This work used the following Python packages:
Matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), SciPy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), NumPy (S. van der
Walt et al. 2011), AstroPy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), colossus (B. Diemer
2018), and photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2025).'
article_number: L4
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Josephine F.W.
full_name: Baggen, Josephine F.W.
last_name: Baggen
- first_name: Matthew T.
full_name: Scoggins, Matthew T.
last_name: Scoggins
- first_name: Pieter
full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter
last_name: Van Dokkum
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Alberto
full_name: Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto
id: 018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541
last_name: Torralba Torregrosa
orcid: 0000-0001-5586-6950
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
citation:
ama: 'Baggen JFW, Scoggins MT, Van Dokkum P, Haiman Z, Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee
JJ. Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner
sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation. The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. 2026;1002(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5'
apa: 'Baggen, J. F. W., Scoggins, M. T., Van Dokkum, P., Haiman, Z., Torralba Torregrosa,
A., & Matthee, J. J. (2026). Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of
Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5'
chicago: 'Baggen, Josephine F.W., Matthew T. Scoggins, Pieter Van Dokkum, Zoltán
Haiman, Alberto Torralba Torregrosa, and Jorryt J Matthee. “Connecting the Dots:
UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner Sources Enabling Direct-Collapse
Black Hole Formation.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing,
2026. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5.'
ieee: 'J. F. W. Baggen, M. T. Scoggins, P. Van Dokkum, Z. Haiman, A. Torralba Torregrosa,
and J. J. Matthee, “Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots
as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation,” The
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 1002, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.'
ista: 'Baggen JFW, Scoggins MT, Van Dokkum P, Haiman Z, Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee
JJ. 2026. Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner
sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation. The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. 1002(1), L4.'
mla: 'Baggen, Josephine F. W., et al. “Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions
of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner Sources Enabling Direct-Collapse Black Hole
Formation.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 1002, no. 1, L4, IOP
Publishing, 2026, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5.'
short: J.F.W. Baggen, M.T. Scoggins, P. Van Dokkum, Z. Haiman, A. Torralba Torregrosa,
J.J. Matthee, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 (2026).
date_created: 2026-05-10T22:02:15Z
date_published: 2026-04-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-11T06:48:33Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2602.02702'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8c31d8603cd6ad39c772a72d136dc3f8
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-05-11T06:44:37Z
date_updated: 2026-05-11T06:44:37Z
file_id: '21851'
file_name: 2026_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Baggen.pdf
file_size: 13359642
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-05-11T06:44:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 1002'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea
grant_number: '101076224'
name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner
sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1002
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20030'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We report the discovery of a Lyα emitter (LAE) candidate in the immediate
foreground of the quasar PSO J158-14 at zQSO = 6.0685 at a projected distance
∼29 pkpc that is associated with an extremely metal-poor absorption system. This
system was found in archival observations of the quasar field with the Very Large
Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and was previously missed
in searches of absorption systems using quasar absorption line spectroscopy, as
it imparts no detectable metal absorption lines on the background quasar spectrum.
The detected Lyα emission line at a redshift of zLAE = 6.0323 is well aligned
with the outer edge of the quasar’s proximity zone and can plausibly cause its
observed damping wing if it is associated with a proximate subdamped Lyα absorption
system with a column density of log Nhi/cm^-2 19.7. A >10 hr medium-resolution
spectrum of the quasar observed with the Magellan/Folded-port InfraRed Echellette
(FIRE) and VLT/X-Shooter spectrographs reveals a metallicity constraint of [Z/H]
< −3. Such low metallicity makes this system an extremely metal-poor galaxy candidate
and provides an exciting site to study possible signatures of Population III stars.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for the feedback and suggestions that greatly
improved the quality of this manuscript. We would like to thank Carlos Contreras,
Matías Díaz, Carla Fuentes, Mauricio Martínez, Alberto Pastén, Roger Leiton, Hugo
Rivera, and Gabriel Prieto for their help and support during the Magellan/FIRE observations.
We would also like to thank Rongmon Bordoloi for helpful discussions. R.A.M. acknowledges
support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant
200020_207349. This Letter includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes
located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.\r\nBased on observations collected at
the European Southern Observatory under ESO programs 106.215A and 096.A-0418.\r\n\r\nThe
HST data presented in this Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The observations analyzed
in this work can be accessed via doi:10.17909/gxmz-zd87."
article_number: L33
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Dominika
full_name: Ďurovčíková, Dominika
last_name: Ďurovčíková
- first_name: Anna Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
- first_name: Louise
full_name: Welsh, Louise
last_name: Welsh
- first_name: Romain A.
full_name: Meyer, Romain A.
last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Emma V.
full_name: Ryan-Weber, Emma V.
last_name: Ryan-Weber
- first_name: Minghao
full_name: Yue, Minghao
last_name: Yue
- first_name: Harley
full_name: Katz, Harley
last_name: Katz
- first_name: Sindhu
full_name: Satyavolu, Sindhu
last_name: Satyavolu
- first_name: George
full_name: Becker, George
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Frederick B.
full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
last_name: Davies
- first_name: Emanuele Paolo
full_name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
last_name: Farina
citation:
ama: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, et al. An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter
candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 2025;987(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
apa: Ďurovčíková, D., Eilers, A. C., Simcoe, R. A., Welsh, L., Meyer, R. A., Matthee,
J. J., … Farina, E. P. (2025). An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at
z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
chicago: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, Anna Christina Eilers, Robert A. Simcoe, Louise
Welsh, Romain A. Meyer, Jorryt J Matthee, Emma V. Ryan-Weber, et al. “An Extremely
Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.”
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c.
ieee: D. Ďurovčíková et al., “An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate
at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy,” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 987, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, Welsh L, Meyer RA, Matthee JJ, Ryan-Weber
EV, Yue M, Katz H, Satyavolu S, Becker G, Davies FB, Farina EP. 2025. An extremely
metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 987(2), L33.
mla: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, et al. “An Extremely Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate
at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 987, no. 2, L33, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c.
short: D. Ďurovčíková, A.C. Eilers, R.A. Simcoe, L. Welsh, R.A. Meyer, J.J. Matthee,
E.V. Ryan-Weber, M. Yue, H. Katz, S. Satyavolu, G. Becker, F.B. Davies, E.P. Farina,
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 987 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-07-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:23Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2505.01499'
isi:
- '001524847100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 75d0c08514209fc6e3078fdec8e815a2
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
file_id: '20066'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Durovcikova.pdf
file_size: 6453728
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 987'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption
spectroscopy
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 987
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20425'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from accreting black holes ionizes the intergalactic
gas around early quasars, carving out highly ionized bubbles in their surroundings.
Any changes in a quasar’s luminosity are therefore predicted to produce outward-propagating
ionization gradients, affecting the Lyα absorption opacity near the quasar’s systemic
redshift. This “proximity effect” is well-documented in rest-UV quasar spectra
but only provides a one-dimensional probe along our line of sight. Here we present
deep spectroscopic observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of
galaxies in the background of a superluminous quasar at zQSO ≈ 6.3, which reveal
the quasar’s “light echo” with Lyα tomography in the transverse direction. This
transverse proximity effect is detected for the first time toward multiple galaxy
sightlines, allowing us to map the extent and geometry of the quasar’s ionization
cone. We obtain constraints on the orientation and inclination of the cone, as
well as an upper limit on the obscured solid angle fraction of fobsc < 91%. Additionally,
we find a timescale of the quasar’s UV radiation of tqso = 10^5.6+0.1-0.3 yr,
which is significantly shorter than would be required to build up the central
supermassive black hole (SMBH) with conventional growth models, but is consistent
with independent measurements of the quasars’ duty cycle. Our inferred obscured
fraction disfavors a scenario where short quasar lifetimes can be explained exclusively
by geometric obscuration, and instead supports the idea that radiatively inefficient
accretion or growth in initially heavily enshrouded cocoons plays a pivotal role
in early SMBH growth. Our results pave the way for novel studies of quasars’ ionizing
geometries and radiative histories at early cosmic times.
acknowledgement: "This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James
Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127
for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #1243 and #4713.\r\n\r\nAll
of the data presented in this Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for
Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations
analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/w7hm-qb39.\r\nJ.M. is supported by the
European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224)."
article_number: L40
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Anna Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Minghao
full_name: Yue, Minghao
last_name: Yue
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Joseph F.
full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
last_name: Hennawi
- first_name: Frederick B.
full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
last_name: Davies
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
- first_name: Richard
full_name: Teague, Richard
last_name: Teague
- first_name: Rongmon
full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
last_name: Bordoloi
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Yi
full_name: Kang, Yi
last_name: Kang
- first_name: Daichi
full_name: Kashino, Daichi
last_name: Kashino
- first_name: Ruari
full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Benjamín
full_name: Navarrete, Benjamín
id: aa14a535-50c9-11ef-b52e-e0c373d10148
last_name: Navarrete
citation:
ama: Eilers AC, Yue M, Matthee JJ, et al. The light echo of a high-redshift quasar
mapped with Lyα tomography. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;991(2).
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a
apa: Eilers, A. C., Yue, M., Matthee, J. J., Hennawi, J. F., Davies, F. B., Simcoe,
R. A., … Navarrete, B. (2025). The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped
with Lyα tomography. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a
chicago: Eilers, Anna Christina, Minghao Yue, Jorryt J Matthee, Joseph F. Hennawi,
Frederick B. Davies, Robert A. Simcoe, Richard Teague, et al. “The Light Echo
of a High-Redshift Quasar Mapped with Lyα Tomography.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a.
ieee: A. C. Eilers et al., “The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped
with Lyα tomography,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 991, no.
2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Eilers AC, Yue M, Matthee JJ, Hennawi JF, Davies FB, Simcoe RA, Teague R,
Bordoloi R, Brammer G, Kang Y, Kashino D, Mackenzie R, Naidu RP, Navarrete B.
2025. The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography. The
Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991(2), L40.
mla: Eilers, Anna Christina, et al. “The Light Echo of a High-Redshift Quasar Mapped
with Lyα Tomography.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 991, no.
2, L40, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a.
short: A.C. Eilers, M. Yue, J.J. Matthee, J.F. Hennawi, F.B. Davies, R.A. Simcoe,
R. Teague, R. Bordoloi, G. Brammer, Y. Kang, D. Kashino, R. Mackenzie, R.P. Naidu,
B. Navarrete, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-05T22:01:35Z
date_published: 2025-09-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:42Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2509.05417'
isi:
- '001581023000001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3cb8099b9a915755164e5675b33f8a03
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z
date_updated: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z
file_id: '20461'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Eilers.pdf
file_size: 23585591
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 991'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea
grant_number: '101076224'
name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 991
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20493'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We propose a formation pathway linking black holes (BHs) observed in gravitational-wave
(GW) mergers, wide BH–stellar systems uncovered by Gaia, and accreting low-mass
X-ray binaries (LMXBs). In this scenario, a stellar-mass BH binary undergoes isolated
binary evolution and merges while hosting a distant, dynamically unimportant tertiary
stellar companion. The tertiary becomes relevant only after the merger, when the
remnant BH receives a GW recoil kick. Depending on the kick velocity and system
configuration, the outcome can be: (1) a bright electromagnetic (EM) counterpart
to the GW merger; (2) an LMXB; (3) a wide BH–stellar companion system resembling
the Gaia BH population; or (4) an unbound isolated BH. Modeling the three-body
dynamics, we find that ∼0.02% of LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) mergers may be followed
by an EM counterpart within ∼10 days, produced by tidal disruption of the star
by the BH. The flare is likely brightest in the optical–UV and lasts for days
to weeks; in some cases, partial disruption causes recurring flares with a period
of ∼2 months. We further estimate that this channel can produce ∼1%–10% of Gaia
BH systems in the Milky Way. This scenario provides the first physically motivated
link between GW sources, Gaia BHs, and some X-ray binaries, and predicts a rare
but robust pathway for EM counterparts to binary BH mergers, potentially detectable
in LVK’s O5 run.'
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for the useful and detailed report.
S.N. acknowledges the partial support of NSF-BSF grant AST-2206428 and NASA XRP
grant 80NSSC23K0262, as well as Howard and Astrid Preston for their generous support.
Z.H. acknowledges support from NASA grants 80NSSC22K0822 and 80NSSC24K0440. E.Q.
thanks the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for support through grant GBMF5076.
article_number: L12
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Smadar
full_name: Naoz, Smadar
last_name: Naoz
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Eliot
full_name: Quataert, Eliot
last_name: Quataert
- first_name: Liz
full_name: Holzknecht, Liz
last_name: Holzknecht
citation:
ama: Naoz S, Haiman Z, Quataert E, Holzknecht L. Triples as links between binary
Black Hole mergers, their electromagnetic counterparts, and galactic Black Holes.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;992(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a20
apa: Naoz, S., Haiman, Z., Quataert, E., & Holzknecht, L. (2025). Triples as
links between binary Black Hole mergers, their electromagnetic counterparts, and
galactic Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a20
chicago: Naoz, Smadar, Zoltán Haiman, Eliot Quataert, and Liz Holzknecht. “Triples
as Links between Binary Black Hole Mergers, Their Electromagnetic Counterparts,
and Galactic Black Holes.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing,
2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a20.
ieee: S. Naoz, Z. Haiman, E. Quataert, and L. Holzknecht, “Triples as links between
binary Black Hole mergers, their electromagnetic counterparts, and galactic Black
Holes,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 992, no. 1. IOP Publishing,
2025.
ista: Naoz S, Haiman Z, Quataert E, Holzknecht L. 2025. Triples as links between
binary Black Hole mergers, their electromagnetic counterparts, and galactic Black
Holes. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 992(1), L12.
mla: Naoz, Smadar, et al. “Triples as Links between Binary Black Hole Mergers, Their
Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Galactic Black Holes.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 992, no. 1, L12, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a20.
short: S. Naoz, Z. Haiman, E. Quataert, L. Holzknecht, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 992 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-19T22:01:31Z
date_published: 2025-10-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:56Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae0a20
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.13270'
isi:
- '001589455900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: cb81d666f6d7638a5bcf45653d25bcb3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-10-23T09:09:30Z
date_updated: 2025-10-23T09:09:30Z
file_id: '20520'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Naoz.pdf
file_size: 8787316
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-10-23T09:09:30Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 992'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Triples as links between binary Black Hole mergers, their electromagnetic counterparts,
and galactic Black Holes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 992
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20649'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Ionized proximity zones around luminous quasars provide a unique laboratory
to characterize the Lyα emission lines from z > 6 galaxies without significant
attenuation from the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, Lyα line measurements
for galaxies within high-redshift quasars’ proximity zones have been rare so far.
Here we present deep spectroscopic observations obtained with the NIRSpec/Micro-Shutter
Assembly (MSA) instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope of galaxies in two
z > 6 quasar fields. We measure the Lyα line fluxes for 50 galaxies at 6 < z <
7 with UV absolute magnitude M UV < −19 (median M UV = −19.97), among which 15
are located near the luminous quasars, i.e., within Δv < 2500 km s−1. We find
that galaxies near the quasars show significant flux blueward of the systemic
Lyα wavelength, and have higher Lyα equivalent width compared to galaxies at similar
redshifts that are not located within the quasars’ environment. Our result indicates
little or no redshift evolution for the Lyα emitter fraction from z ∼ 6.4 to z
∼ 5. Leveraging the low IGM opacity in the quasars’ vicinity, we evaluate the
Lyα escape fraction (f esc Ly α) of high-redshift galaxies. Our analysis suggests
that galaxies at 〈z〉 ≈ 6.4 have an average f esc Ly α = 0.14 ± 0.04. This value
is consistent with reionization models where the Lyman continuum escape fraction
is low ( fescLyC ≲ 0.1 ) for luminous galaxies, and where the most luminous galaxies
have only a minor contribution to the total ionizing photon budget. © 2025. The
Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for valuable comments. This work is based on
observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were
obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science
Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in
Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are
associated with program ID #3117 and #4713. Support for\r\nthis work was provided
by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by
the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the\r\nAssociation of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555."
article_number: L12
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Minghao
full_name: Yue, Minghao
last_name: Yue
- first_name: Anna Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Rongmon
full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
last_name: Bordoloi
- first_name: Frederick B.
full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
last_name: Davies
- first_name: Joseph F.
full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
last_name: Hennawi
- first_name: Daichi
full_name: Kashino, Daichi
last_name: Kashino
- first_name: Ruari
full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
citation:
ama: Yue M, Eilers AC, Matthee JJ, et al. Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα
emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2025;993(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e
apa: Yue, M., Eilers, A. C., Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Bordoloi, R., Davies,
F. B., … Simcoe, R. A. (2025). Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters
around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e
chicago: Yue, Minghao, Anna Christina Eilers, Jorryt J Matthee, Rohan P. Naidu,
Rongmon Bordoloi, Frederick B. Davies, Joseph F. Hennawi, Daichi Kashino, Ruari
Mackenzie, and Robert A. Simcoe. “Escape Fractions from Unattenuated Lyα Emitters
around Luminous z > 6 Quasars.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e.
ieee: M. Yue et al., “Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around
luminous z > 6 quasars,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 993,
no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Yue M, Eilers AC, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Bordoloi R, Davies FB, Hennawi JF,
Kashino D, Mackenzie R, Simcoe RA. 2025. Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα
emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
993(1), L12.
mla: Yue, Minghao, et al. “Escape Fractions from Unattenuated Lyα Emitters around
Luminous z > 6 Quasars.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 993,
no. 1, L12, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e.
short: M. Yue, A.C. Eilers, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, R. Bordoloi, F.B. Davies,
J.F. Hennawi, D. Kashino, R. Mackenzie, R.A. Simcoe, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 993 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-16T23:01:24Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:45:16Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2507.05381'
isi:
- '001600890100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 11d35c1c52c000f8c14bc6de2e9f4b3f
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z
date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z
file_id: '20680'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Yue.pdf
file_size: 39736710
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 993'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 993
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19638'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed low-luminosity active galactic
nuclei at redshifts of z ≳ 4–7, many of which host accreting massive black holes
(BHs) with BH-to-galaxy mass (MBH/M⋆) ratios exceeding the local values by more
than an order of magnitude. The origin of these overmassive BHs remains unclear
but requires potential contributions from heavy seeds and/or episodes of super-Eddington
accretion. We present a growth model coupled with dark matter halo assembly to
explore the evolution of the MBH/M⋆ ratio under different seeding and feedback
scenarios. Given the gas inflow rates in protogalaxies, BHs grow episodically
at moderate super-Eddington rates, and the mass ratio increases early on, despite
significant mass loss through feedback. Regardless of seeding mechanisms, the
mass ratio converges to a universal value ∼0.1–0.3, set by the balance between
gas feeding and star formation efficiency in the nucleus. This behavior defines
an attractor in the MBH–M⋆ diagram, where overmassive BHs grow more slowly than
their hosts, while undermassive seeds experience rapid growth before aligning
with the attractor. We derive an analytical expression for the universal mass
ratio, linking it to feedback strength and halo growth. The convergence of evolutionary
tracks erases seeding information from the mass ratio by z ∼ 4–6. Detecting BHs
with ∼105−6 M⊙ at higher redshifts that deviate from the convergence trend would
provide key diagnostics of their birth conditions.
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for a careful reading of our manuscript
and for comments that helped improve this Letter. This work is supported by the
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. 24KF0130. We
acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12073003,
12003003, 11721303, 11991052, 11950410493), and the China Manned Space Project (CMS-CSST-2021-A04
and CMS-CSST-2021-A06). L.C.H. is supported by the National Science Foundation of
China (12233001), the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF0503401). Z.H. acknowledges
support by US NSF grant AST-2006176 and by NASA grant 80NSSC22K0822. Some of the
numerical calculation and analysis were performed with the Cray XC50 at the Center
for Computational Astrophysics (CfCA) of the National Astronomical Observatory of
Japan and with the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University.
article_number: L37
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: letter_note
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Haojie
full_name: Hu, Haojie
last_name: Hu
- first_name: Kohei
full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei
last_name: Inayoshi
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Luis C.
full_name: Ho, Luis C.
last_name: Ho
- first_name: Ken
full_name: Ohsuga, Ken
last_name: Ohsuga
citation:
ama: Hu H, Inayoshi K, Haiman Z, Ho LC, Ohsuga K. The convergence of heavy and light
seeds to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn. The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. 2025;983(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc680
apa: Hu, H., Inayoshi, K., Haiman, Z., Ho, L. C., & Ohsuga, K. (2025). The convergence
of heavy and light seeds to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc680
chicago: Hu, Haojie, Kohei Inayoshi, Zoltán Haiman, Luis C. Ho, and Ken Ohsuga.
“The Convergence of Heavy and Light Seeds to Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic
Dawn.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc680.
ieee: H. Hu, K. Inayoshi, Z. Haiman, L. C. Ho, and K. Ohsuga, “The convergence of
heavy and light seeds to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn,” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 983, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Hu H, Inayoshi K, Haiman Z, Ho LC, Ohsuga K. 2025. The convergence of heavy
and light seeds to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn. The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. 983(2), L37.
mla: Hu, Haojie, et al. “The Convergence of Heavy and Light Seeds to Overmassive
Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 983,
no. 2, L37, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc680.
short: H. Hu, K. Inayoshi, Z. Haiman, L.C. Ho, K. Ohsuga, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 983 (2025).
date_created: 2025-05-04T22:02:31Z
date_published: 2025-04-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:04Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/adc680
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2503.03870'
isi:
- '001467616800001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1a4fbeeb12e9022873e86c72d230a5ec
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-05-05T11:30:34Z
date_updated: 2025-05-05T11:30:34Z
file_id: '19655'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Hu.pdf
file_size: 3334014
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-05T11:30:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 983'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The convergence of heavy and light seeds to overmassive black holes at cosmic
dawn
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 983
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21058'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Luminous broad Hα emission and red rest-optical spectral energy distributions
(SEDs) are the hallmark of compact little red dots (LRDs), implying highly attenuated
dusty starbursts and/or obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). However, the lack
of observed far-infrared (FIR) emission has proved difficult to reconcile with
the implied attenuated luminosity in these models. Here, we utilize deep new Atacama
Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging, new and existing JWST/MIRI imaging,
and archival Spitzer/Herschel imaging of two of the rest-optically brightest LRDs
(z = 3.1 and z = 4.47) to place the strongest constraints on the IR luminosity
in LRDs to date. The detections at λrest = 1–4 μm imply flat slopes in the rest-IR,
ruling out a contribution from hot (T ≳ 500 K) dust. Similarly, FIR nondetections
rule out any appreciable cold (T ≲ 75 K) dust component. Assuming energy balance,
these observations are inconsistent with the typical FIR dust emission of dusty
starbursts and quasar tori, which usually show a mixture of cold and hot dust.
Additionally, our [C ii] nondetections rule out typical dusty starbursts. We compute
empirical maximum IR SEDs and find that both LRDs must have log(LIR/L ) 12.2 at
the 3σ level. These limits are in tension with the predictions of rest-optical
spectrophotometric fits, be they galaxy-only, AGN-only, or composite. It is unlikely
that LRDs are highly dust-reddened intrinsically blue sources with a dust temperature
distribution that conspires to avoid current observing facilities. Rather, we
favor an intrinsically redder LRD SED model that alleviates the need for strong
dust attenuation.
acknowledgement: "Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through
a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. D.S. acknowledges Zhengrong Li for kindly sharing
model dust SEDs, Tim Rawle for helping with accessing archival Herschel Lensing
Survey data, and Xiaohui Fan for helpful conversations that steered the direction
of this work. This Letter makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.00826.S.
ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS
(Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic
of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory
is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This work is based in part on observations
made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from
the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute
(DOI: 10.17909/m7ks-wg55), which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These
observations are associated with program #6761.\r\n\r\nSupport for this work was
provided by NSF/AAG #2306950. Support for this work for R.P.N. was provided by NASA
through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space
Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work has received
funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
(SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science
Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center is
funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. A.Z. acknowledges
support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation
(BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF)
and by the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 864/23. The work of C.C.W. is supported
by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in
Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
S.A. acknowledges support from the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Science Team
Lead, grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University
of Arizona."
article_number: L10
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David J.
full_name: Setton, David J.
last_name: Setton
- first_name: Jenny E.
full_name: Greene, Jenny E.
last_name: Greene
- first_name: Justin S.
full_name: Spilker, Justin S.
last_name: Spilker
- first_name: Christina C.
full_name: Williams, Christina C.
last_name: Williams
- first_name: Ivo
full_name: Labbé, Ivo
last_name: Labbé
- first_name: Yilun 逸伦
full_name: Ma, Yilun 逸伦
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Bingjie 冰洁
full_name: Wang, Bingjie 冰洁
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Katherine E.
full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
last_name: Whitaker
- first_name: Joel
full_name: Leja, Joel
last_name: Leja
- first_name: Anna
full_name: de Graaff, Anna
last_name: de Graaff
- first_name: Stacey
full_name: Alberts, Stacey
last_name: Alberts
- first_name: Rachel
full_name: Bezanson, Rachel
last_name: Bezanson
- first_name: Leindert A.
full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A.
last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Sam E.
full_name: Cutler, Sam E.
last_name: Cutler
- first_name: Nikko J.
full_name: Cleri, Nikko J.
last_name: Cleri
- first_name: Olivia R.
full_name: Cooper, Olivia R.
last_name: Cooper
- first_name: Pratika
full_name: Dayal, Pratika
last_name: Dayal
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Lukas J.
full_name: Furtak, Lukas J.
last_name: Furtak
- first_name: Andy D.
full_name: Goulding, Andy D.
last_name: Goulding
- first_name: Michaela
full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela
last_name: Hirschmann
- first_name: Vasily
full_name: Kokorev, Vasily
last_name: Kokorev
- first_name: Michael V.
full_name: Maseda, Michael V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Ian
full_name: McConachie, Ian
last_name: McConachie
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Tim B.
full_name: Miller, Tim B.
last_name: Miller
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Richard
full_name: Pan, Richard
last_name: Pan
- first_name: Sedona H.
full_name: Price, Sedona H.
last_name: Price
- first_name: Katherine A.
full_name: Suess, Katherine A.
last_name: Suess
- first_name: John R.
full_name: Weaver, John R.
last_name: Weaver
- first_name: Mengyuan
full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan
last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Yunchong
full_name: Zhang, Yunchong
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Adi
full_name: Zitrin, Adi
last_name: Zitrin
citation:
ama: Setton DJ, Greene JE, Spilker JS, et al. A confirmed deficit of hot and cold
dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots. The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. 2025;991. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b
apa: Setton, D. J., Greene, J. E., Spilker, J. S., Williams, C. C., Labbé, I., Ma,
Y. 逸伦, … Zitrin, A. (2025). A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission
in the most luminous Little Red Dots. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b
chicago: Setton, David J., Jenny E. Greene, Justin S. Spilker, Christina C. Williams,
Ivo Labbé, Yilun 逸伦 Ma, Bingjie 冰洁 Wang, et al. “A Confirmed Deficit of Hot and
Cold Dust Emission in the Most Luminous Little Red Dots.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b.
ieee: D. J. Setton et al., “A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission
in the most luminous Little Red Dots,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters,
vol. 991. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Setton DJ, Greene JE, Spilker JS, Williams CC, Labbé I, Ma Y逸伦, Wang B冰洁,
Whitaker KE, Leja J, de Graaff A, Alberts S, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Brammer
G, Cutler SE, Cleri NJ, Cooper OR, Dayal P, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD,
Hirschmann M, Kokorev V, Maseda MV, McConachie I, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Naidu
RP, Oesch PA, Pan R, Price SH, Suess KA, Weaver JR, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Zitrin A.
2025. A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little
Red Dots. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991, L10.
mla: Setton, David J., et al. “A Confirmed Deficit of Hot and Cold Dust Emission
in the Most Luminous Little Red Dots.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters,
vol. 991, L10, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b.
short: D.J. Setton, J.E. Greene, J.S. Spilker, C.C. Williams, I. Labbé, Y.逸伦 Ma,
B.冰洁 Wang, K.E. Whitaker, J. Leja, A. de Graaff, S. Alberts, R. Bezanson, L.A.
Boogaard, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, N.J. Cleri, O.R. Cooper, P. Dayal, S. Fujimoto,
L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, M. Hirschmann, V. Kokorev, M.V. Maseda, I. McConachie,
J.J. Matthee, T.B. Miller, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess,
J.R. Weaver, M. Xiao, Y. Zhang, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991
(2025).
date_created: 2026-01-28T15:23:00Z
date_published: 2025-09-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-09T07:14:08Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2503.02059'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 799518db92ded4e166df4234195af998
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-09T07:10:29Z
date_updated: 2026-02-09T07:10:29Z
file_id: '21165'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJournalLetters_Setton.pdf
file_size: 1394204
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-09T07:10:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 991'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little
Red Dots
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 991
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21121'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The relation between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their
host galaxies encodes information on their mode of growth, especially at the earliest
epochs. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has opened such investigations by
detecting the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and more luminous
quasars within the first billion years of the Universe (z ≳ 6). Here, we evaluate
the relation between the mass of SMBHs and the total stellar mass of their host
galaxies using a sample of nine quasars at 6.18 ≤ z ≤ 6.4 from the Subaru High-z
Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars survey with NIRCam and NIRSpec observations.
We find that the observed location of these quasars in the SMBH–galaxy mass plane
(logMBH/M 8–9; logM*/M 9.5–11) is consistent with a nonevolving intrinsic mass
relation with dispersion (0.80 +0.23 -0.28 dex) higher than the local value (∼0.3–0.4
dex) of their more massive descendants. Our analysis is based on a forward model
of systematics and includes a consideration of the impact of selection effects
and measurement uncertainties with an assumption on the slope of the mass relation.
While degeneracies between parameters persist, the best-fit solution has a reasonable
AGN fraction (2.3%) of galaxies at z ∼ 6 with an actively growing UV-unobscured
black hole. In particular, models with a substantially higher normalisation in
MBH would require an unrealistically low intrinsic dispersion (∼0.22 dex). Consequently,
our results predict a large population of AGN at lower black hole masses, as are
now just starting to be discovered in focused efforts with JWST.
acknowledgement: 'This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James
Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127
for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GO #1967 and GO #3859.
The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/719q-cn32.
Support for these programs was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope
Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This work was supported by
World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. This
work used computing resources at Kavli IPMU. J.S. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP22H01262).
M.O. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI
grant No. 24K22894. Y.M. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. 21H04494. M.V. gratefully acknowledges financial
support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark via grant numbers DFF 8021-00130
and 3103-00146 and from the Carlsberg Foundation via grant CF23-0417. S.E.I.B. is
supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Emmy Noether grant
number BO 5771/1-1. K.I. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (12073003, 11721303, 11991052). K.I. acknowledges support under
the grant PID2022-136827NB-C44 provided by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER,
UE. A.L. acknowledges support from PRIN MUR 2022— Project “2022935STW.” J.T.S. is
supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—project
number 518006966. F.W. acknowledges support from NSF award AST-2513040. M.H. acknowledges
support from the FNS under the SNSF starting grant 218032. B.T. acknowledges support
from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program (grant agreement number 950533) and from the Excellence
Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German
Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2094—390783311.'
article_number: L67
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: John David
full_name: Silverman, John David
last_name: Silverman
- first_name: Junyao
full_name: Li, Junyao
last_name: Li
- first_name: Xuheng
full_name: Ding, Xuheng
last_name: Ding
- first_name: Masafusa
full_name: Onoue, Masafusa
last_name: Onoue
- first_name: Michael A.
full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Matsuoka, Yoshiki
last_name: Matsuoka
- first_name: Takuma
full_name: Izumi, Takuma
last_name: Izumi
- first_name: Knud
full_name: Jahnke, Knud
last_name: Jahnke
- first_name: Tommaso
full_name: Treu, Tommaso
last_name: Treu
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Volonteri, Marta
last_name: Volonteri
- first_name: Camryn L.
full_name: Phillips, Camryn L.
last_name: Phillips
- first_name: Irham T.
full_name: Andika, Irham T.
last_name: Andika
- first_name: Kentaro
full_name: Aoki, Kentaro
last_name: Aoki
- first_name: Junya
full_name: Arita, Junya
last_name: Arita
- first_name: Shunsuke
full_name: Baba, Shunsuke
last_name: Baba
- first_name: Sarah E. I.
full_name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Anna-Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Xiaohui
full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
last_name: Fan
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Melanie
full_name: Habouzit, Melanie
last_name: Habouzit
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Masatoshi
full_name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
last_name: Imanishi
- first_name: Kohei
full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei
last_name: Inayoshi
- first_name: Kazushi
full_name: Iwasawa, Kazushi
last_name: Iwasawa
- first_name: Nobunari
full_name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
last_name: Kashikawa
- first_name: Toshihiro
full_name: Kawaguchi, Toshihiro
last_name: Kawaguchi
- first_name: Chien-Hsiu
full_name: Lee, Chien-Hsiu
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Lupi, Alessandro
last_name: Lupi
- first_name: Tohru
full_name: Nagao, Tohru
last_name: Nagao
- first_name: Jan-Torge
full_name: Schindler, Jan-Torge
last_name: Schindler
- first_name: Malte
full_name: Schramm, Malte
last_name: Schramm
- first_name: Kazuhiro
full_name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
last_name: Shimasaku
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Toba, Yoshiki
last_name: Toba
- first_name: Benny
full_name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
last_name: Trakhtenbrot
- first_name: Hideki
full_name: Umehata, Hideki
last_name: Umehata
- first_name: Marianne
full_name: Vestergaard, Marianne
last_name: Vestergaard
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Walter, Fabian
last_name: Walter
- first_name: Feige
full_name: Wang, Feige
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Jinyi
full_name: Yang, Jinyi
last_name: Yang
citation:
ama: Silverman JD, Li J, Ding X, et al. SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic
mass relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z >
6. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;995(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
apa: Silverman, J. D., Li, J., Ding, X., Onoue, M., Strauss, M. A., Matsuoka, Y.,
… Yang, J. (2025). SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation between
supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
chicago: Silverman, John David, Junyao Li, Xuheng Ding, Masafusa Onoue, Michael
A. Strauss, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Takuma Izumi, et al. “SHELLQs–JWST Perspective on
the Intrinsic Mass Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
at z > 6.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c.
ieee: J. D. Silverman et al., “SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic
mass relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z >
6,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 995, no. 2. IOP Publishing,
2025.
ista: Silverman JD, Li J, Ding X, Onoue M, Strauss MA, Matsuoka Y, Izumi T, Jahnke
K, Treu T, Volonteri M, Phillips CL, Andika IT, Aoki K, Arita J, Baba S, Bosman
SEI, Eilers A-C, Fan X, Fujimoto S, Habouzit M, Haiman Z, Imanishi M, Inayoshi
K, Iwasawa K, Kashikawa N, Kawaguchi T, Lee C-H, Lupi A, Nagao T, Schindler J-T,
Schramm M, Shimasaku K, Toba Y, Trakhtenbrot B, Umehata H, Vestergaard M, Walter
F, Wang F, Yang J. 2025. SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation
between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 995(2), L67.
mla: Silverman, John David, et al. “SHELLQs–JWST Perspective on the Intrinsic Mass
Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies at z > 6.”
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 995, no. 2, L67, IOP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c.
short: J.D. Silverman, J. Li, X. Ding, M. Onoue, M.A. Strauss, Y. Matsuoka, T. Izumi,
K. Jahnke, T. Treu, M. Volonteri, C.L. Phillips, I.T. Andika, K. Aoki, J. Arita,
S. Baba, S.E.I. Bosman, A.-C. Eilers, X. Fan, S. Fujimoto, M. Habouzit, Z. Haiman,
M. Imanishi, K. Inayoshi, K. Iwasawa, N. Kashikawa, T. Kawaguchi, C.-H. Lee, A.
Lupi, T. Nagao, J.-T. Schindler, M. Schramm, K. Shimasaku, Y. Toba, B. Trakhtenbrot,
H. Umehata, M. Vestergaard, F. Walter, F. Wang, J. Yang, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 995 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:27:53Z
date_published: 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:02:39Z
day: '17'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2507.23066'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: e38c0c444be9c1507eec28c62ce04cbc
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
file_id: '21202'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJounalLetters_Silvermann.pdf
file_size: 997137
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 995'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation between supermassive
black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 995
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21317'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in close binary systems, commonly known as cataclysmic
variables (CVs), with orbital periods below the canonical period minimum (≈80
minutes) are rare. Such short periods can only be reached if the donor star in
the CV is either significantly evolved before initiating mass transfer to the
WD or is metal-poor. We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of Gaia19bxc,
a high-amplitude variable identified as a polar CV with an exceptionally short
orbital period of 64.42 minutes—well below the canonical CV period minimum. High-speed
photometry confirms persistent double-peaked variability consistent with cyclotron
beaming, thus indicating the presence of a magnetic WD. Phase-resolved Keck/Low-Resolution
Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) spectroscopy reveals strong hydrogen and helium emission
lines but no donor features, indicating the accretor is a magnetic WD and the
donor is hydrogen-rich, but cold and faint. The absence of a detectable donor
and the low inferred temperature (≲3500 K) disfavor an evolved donor scenario.
Instead, the short period and the system’s halo-like kinematics suggest Gaia19bxc
may be the first known metal-poor polar. Because metal-poor donors are more compact
than solar-metallicity donors of the same mass, they can reach shorter minimum
periods. Gaia19bxc is one of only a handful of known metal-poor CVs below the
canonical period minimum and has the shortest period of any such magnetic system
discovered to date.
acknowledgement: "Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope
48 inch and the 60 inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky
Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation
under grants No. AST-1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current
partners Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Oskar Klein Center
at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
and Humboldt University, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin
at Milwaukee, Trinity College Dublin, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories,
IN2P3, University of Warwick, Ruhr University Bochum, Northwestern University and
former partners the University of Washington, Los Alamos National Laboratories,
and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC,
and UW. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission
Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and
Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the
institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Some of the data
presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 nonprofit
organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute
of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support
of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant
cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the
Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have had the opportunity to
conduct observations from this mountain. We are grateful to the staff of the Palomar
and Keck Observatories for their work in helping us carry out our observations.\r\n\r\nI.G.
acknowledges support from Kazan Federal University. A.C.R. acknowledges support
from the National Science Foundation via an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. We
thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions, which contributed
to the improvement of this manuscript."
article_number: L57
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Ilkham
full_name: Galiullin, Ilkham
last_name: Galiullin
- first_name: Antonio C.
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Paula
full_name: Szkody, Paula
last_name: Szkody
- first_name: Pranav
full_name: Nagarajan, Pranav
last_name: Nagarajan
- first_name: Samuel
full_name: Whitebook, Samuel
last_name: Whitebook
citation:
ama: Galiullin I, Rodriguez AC, El-Badry K, et al. Optical spectroscopy of the most
compact accreting binary harboring a magnetic White Dwarf and a hydrogen-rich
donor. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;990(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adff82
apa: Galiullin, I., Rodriguez, A. C., El-Badry, K., Caiazzo, I., Szkody, P., Nagarajan,
P., & Whitebook, S. (2025). Optical spectroscopy of the most compact accreting
binary harboring a magnetic White Dwarf and a hydrogen-rich donor. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adff82
chicago: Galiullin, Ilkham, Antonio C. Rodriguez, Kareem El-Badry, Ilaria Caiazzo,
Paula Szkody, Pranav Nagarajan, and Samuel Whitebook. “Optical Spectroscopy of
the Most Compact Accreting Binary Harboring a Magnetic White Dwarf and a Hydrogen-Rich
Donor.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adff82.
ieee: I. Galiullin et al., “Optical spectroscopy of the most compact accreting
binary harboring a magnetic White Dwarf and a hydrogen-rich donor,” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 990, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Galiullin I, Rodriguez AC, El-Badry K, Caiazzo I, Szkody P, Nagarajan P, Whitebook
S. 2025. Optical spectroscopy of the most compact accreting binary harboring a
magnetic White Dwarf and a hydrogen-rich donor. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
990(2), L57.
mla: Galiullin, Ilkham, et al. “Optical Spectroscopy of the Most Compact Accreting
Binary Harboring a Magnetic White Dwarf and a Hydrogen-Rich Donor.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 990, no. 2, L57, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adff82.
short: I. Galiullin, A.C. Rodriguez, K. El-Badry, I. Caiazzo, P. Szkody, P. Nagarajan,
S. Whitebook, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 990 (2025).
date_created: 2026-02-18T10:17:04Z
date_published: 2025-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T07:27:01Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/adff82
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.20170'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f76556d129aa0e9facc85602b0b5b54d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-19T07:24:10Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T07:24:10Z
file_id: '21329'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Galiullin.pdf
file_size: 3772189
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-19T07:24:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 990'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Optical spectroscopy of the most compact accreting binary harboring a magnetic
White Dwarf and a hydrogen-rich donor
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 990
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
_id: '18111'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) show signs of nitrogen enrichment
reminiscent of other astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei and
star-forming galaxies. Given that TDEs probe the gas from a single star, it is
possible to test whether the observed enrichment is consistent with expectations
from the CNO cycle by looking at the observed nitrogen/carbon (N/C) abundance
ratios. Given that ≈20% of solar-mass stars (and an even larger fraction of more
massive stars) live in close binaries, it is worthwhile to also consider what
TDEs from stars influenced by binary evolution would look like. We show here that
TDEs from stars stripped of their hydrogen-rich (and nitrogen-poor) envelopes
through previous binary-induced mass loss can produce much higher observable N/C
enhancements than even TDEs from massive stars. Additionally, we predict that
the time dependence of the N/C abundance ratio in the mass fallback rate of stripped
stars will follow the inverse behavior of main-sequence stars, enabling a more
accurate characterization of the disrupted star.
acknowledgement: "This work was performed in part at Aspen Center for Physics, which
is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-2210452. We thank the participants
and organizers of the summer Aspen 2023 workshop on “Stellar Interactions and the
Transients They Cause” for fruitful discussions. B.M. is grateful for support from
the Carnegie Theoretical Astrophysics\r\nCenter. M.G.-G. is grateful for the support
from Northwestern University’s Presidential Fellowship. E.R.-R. thanks the Heising-Simons
Foundation, NSF (AST-2150255 and AST2307710), Swift (80NSSC21K1409, 80NSSC19K1391),
and Chandra (22-0142) for support. "
article_number: L9
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Brenna
full_name: Mockler, Brenna
last_name: Mockler
- first_name: Monica
full_name: Gallegos-Garcia, Monica
last_name: Gallegos-Garcia
- first_name: Ylva Louise Linsdotter
full_name: Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter
id: d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d
last_name: Götberg
orcid: 0000-0002-6960-6911
- first_name: Jon M.
full_name: Miller, Jon M.
last_name: Miller
- first_name: Enrico
full_name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
last_name: Ramirez-Ruiz
citation:
ama: Mockler B, Gallegos-Garcia M, Götberg YLL, Miller JM, Ramirez-Ruiz E. Tidal
disruption events from stripped stars. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024;973(1).
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6c34
apa: Mockler, B., Gallegos-Garcia, M., Götberg, Y. L. L., Miller, J. M., & Ramirez-Ruiz,
E. (2024). Tidal disruption events from stripped stars. Astrophysical Journal
Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6c34
chicago: Mockler, Brenna, Monica Gallegos-Garcia, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg,
Jon M. Miller, and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz. “Tidal Disruption Events from Stripped
Stars.” Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6c34.
ieee: B. Mockler, M. Gallegos-Garcia, Y. L. L. Götberg, J. M. Miller, and E. Ramirez-Ruiz,
“Tidal disruption events from stripped stars,” Astrophysical Journal Letters,
vol. 973, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2024.
ista: Mockler B, Gallegos-Garcia M, Götberg YLL, Miller JM, Ramirez-Ruiz E. 2024.
Tidal disruption events from stripped stars. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 973(1),
L9.
mla: Mockler, Brenna, et al. “Tidal Disruption Events from Stripped Stars.” Astrophysical
Journal Letters, vol. 973, no. 1, L9, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6c34.
short: B. Mockler, M. Gallegos-Garcia, Y.L.L. Götberg, J.M. Miller, E. Ramirez-Ruiz,
Astrophysical Journal Letters 973 (2024).
date_created: 2024-09-22T22:01:42Z
date_published: 2024-09-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T09:48:50Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: YlGo
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad6c34
external_id:
isi:
- '001310592900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 050ddf873244839825714cca42b5d857
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-09-30T08:54:26Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T08:54:26Z
file_id: '18161'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Mockler.pdf
file_size: 844227
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-09-30T08:54:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 973'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Tidal disruption events from stripped stars
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 973
year: '2024'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '18306'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Neutral sodium (Na i) is an alkali metal with a favorable absorption cross
section such that tenuous gases are easily illuminated at select transiting exoplanet
systems. We examine both the time-averaged and time-series alkali spectral flux
individually, over 4 nights at a hot Saturn system on a ∼2.8 day orbit about a
Sun-like star WASP-49 A. Very Large Telescope/ESPRESSO observations are analyzed,
providing new constraints. We recover the previously confirmed residual sodium
flux uniquely when averaged, whereas night-to-night Na i varies by more than an
order of magnitude. On HARPS/3.6 m Epoch II, we report a Doppler redshift at vΓ,NaD
= + 9.7 ± 1.6 km s−1 with respect to the planet's rest frame. Upon examining the
lightcurves, we confirm night-to-night variability, on the order of ∼1%–4% in
NaD, rarely coinciding with exoplanet transit, not readily explained by stellar
activity, starspots, tellurics, or the interstellar medium. Coincident with the
∼+10 km s−1 Doppler redshift, we detect a transient sodium absorption event dFNaD/F⋆
= 3.6% ± 1% at a relative difference of ΔFNaD(t) ∼ 4.4% ± 1%, lasting ΔtNaD ≳
40 minutes. Since exoplanetary alkali signatures are blueshifted due to the natural
vector of radiation pressure, estimated here at roughly ∼−5.7 km s−1, the radial
velocity is rather at +15.4 km s−1, far larger than any known exoplanet system.
Given that the redshift magnitude vΓ is in between the Roche limit and dynamically
stable satellite orbits, the transient sodium may be a putative indication of
a natural satellite orbiting WASP-49 A b.
acknowledgement: The research described in this Letter was carried out in part at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract
with the National Aeronautics Space Administration, © 2024. California Institute
of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. A.V.O. and J.V.S. thank M. Lendl
for constraints and discussions on the mass of WASP-49 A b. S.G.S acknowledges the
support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE
(EC).
article_number: L53
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Apurva V.
full_name: Oza, Apurva V.
last_name: Oza
- first_name: Julia V.
full_name: Seidel, Julia V.
last_name: Seidel
- first_name: H. Jens
full_name: Hoeijmakers, H. Jens
last_name: Hoeijmakers
- first_name: Athira
full_name: Unni, Athira
last_name: Unni
- first_name: Aurora Y.
full_name: Kesseli, Aurora Y.
last_name: Kesseli
- first_name: Carl A.
full_name: Schmidt, Carl A.
last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Thirupathi
full_name: Sivarani, Thirupathi
last_name: Sivarani
- first_name: Aaron
full_name: Bello-Arufe, Aaron
last_name: Bello-Arufe
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Gebek, Andrea
last_name: Gebek
- first_name: Moritz
full_name: Meyer Zu Westram, Moritz
last_name: Meyer Zu Westram
- first_name: Sérgio G.
full_name: Sousa, Sérgio G.
last_name: Sousa
- first_name: Rosaly M.C.
full_name: Lopes, Rosaly M.C.
last_name: Lopes
- first_name: Renyu
full_name: Hu, Renyu
last_name: Hu
- first_name: Katherine
full_name: De Kleer, Katherine
last_name: De Kleer
- first_name: Chloe
full_name: Fisher, Chloe
last_name: Fisher
- first_name: Sébastien
full_name: Charnoz, Sébastien
last_name: Charnoz
- first_name: Ashley D.
full_name: Baker, Ashley D.
last_name: Baker
- first_name: Samuel P.
full_name: Halverson, Samuel P.
last_name: Halverson
- first_name: Nick M.
full_name: Schneider, Nick M.
last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Angelica
full_name: Psaridi, Angelica
last_name: Psaridi
- first_name: Aurélien
full_name: Wyttenbach, Aurélien
last_name: Wyttenbach
- first_name: Santiago
full_name: Torres Rodriguez, Santiago
id: a8df4360-4328-11ee-8f1a-e502d0c83fc2
last_name: Torres Rodriguez
orcid: 0000-0002-3150-8988
- first_name: Ishita
full_name: Bhatnagar, Ishita
last_name: Bhatnagar
- first_name: Robert E.
full_name: Johnson, Robert E.
last_name: Johnson
citation:
ama: Oza AV, Seidel JV, Hoeijmakers HJ, et al. Redshifted sodium transient near
exoplanet transit. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024;973(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29
apa: Oza, A. V., Seidel, J. V., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Unni, A., Kesseli, A. Y., Schmidt,
C. A., … Johnson, R. E. (2024). Redshifted sodium transient near exoplanet transit.
Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29
chicago: Oza, Apurva V., Julia V. Seidel, H. Jens Hoeijmakers, Athira Unni, Aurora
Y. Kesseli, Carl A. Schmidt, Thirupathi Sivarani, et al. “Redshifted Sodium Transient
near Exoplanet Transit.” Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing,
2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29.
ieee: A. V. Oza et al., “Redshifted sodium transient near exoplanet transit,”
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 973, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.
ista: Oza AV, Seidel JV, Hoeijmakers HJ, Unni A, Kesseli AY, Schmidt CA, Sivarani
T, Bello-Arufe A, Gebek A, Meyer Zu Westram M, Sousa SG, Lopes RMC, Hu R, De Kleer
K, Fisher C, Charnoz S, Baker AD, Halverson SP, Schneider NM, Psaridi A, Wyttenbach
A, Torres Rodriguez S, Bhatnagar I, Johnson RE. 2024. Redshifted sodium transient
near exoplanet transit. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 973(2), L53.
mla: Oza, Apurva V., et al. “Redshifted Sodium Transient near Exoplanet Transit.”
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 973, no. 2, L53, IOP Publishing, 2024,
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29.
short: A.V. Oza, J.V. Seidel, H.J. Hoeijmakers, A. Unni, A.Y. Kesseli, C.A. Schmidt,
T. Sivarani, A. Bello-Arufe, A. Gebek, M. Meyer Zu Westram, S.G. Sousa, R.M.C.
Lopes, R. Hu, K. De Kleer, C. Fisher, S. Charnoz, A.D. Baker, S.P. Halverson,
N.M. Schneider, A. Psaridi, A. Wyttenbach, S. Torres Rodriguez, I. Bhatnagar,
R.E. Johnson, Astrophysical Journal Letters 973 (2024).
date_created: 2024-10-13T22:01:49Z
date_published: 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T14:18:18Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: LiBu
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2409.19844'
isi:
- '001322169500001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 23eea2a6a0519694a84998957ad7b7fb
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-10-21T11:05:11Z
date_updated: 2024-10-21T11:05:11Z
file_id: '18456'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Oza.pdf
file_size: 1249747
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-10-21T11:05:11Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 973'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Redshifted sodium transient near exoplanet transit
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 973
year: '2024'
...
---
APC_amount: 3080,76 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '18564'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The recently discovered Pa 30 nebula, the putative type Iax supernova remnant
associated with the historical supernova of 1181 AD, shows puzzling characteristics
that make it unique among known supernova remnants. In particular, Pa 30 exhibits
a complex morphology, with a unique radial and filamentary structure, and it hosts
a hot stellar remnant at its center, which displays oxygen-dominated, ultrafast
winds. Because of the surviving stellar remnant and the lack of hydrogen and helium
in its filaments, it has been suggested that Pa 30 is the product of a failed
thermonuclear explosion in a near- or super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf, which created
a subluminous transient, a rare subtype of the Ia class of supernovae called type
Iax. We present here a detailed study of the 3D structure and velocities of a
full radial section of the remnant. The Integral Field Unit observations, obtained
with the new red channel of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectrograph, reveal that
the ejecta are consistent with being ballistic, with velocities close to the free-expansion
velocity. Additionally, we detect a large cavity inside the supernova remnant
and a sharp inner edge to the filamentary structure, which coincides with the
outer edge of a bright ring detected in infrared images. Finally, we detect a
strong asymmetry in the amount of ejecta along the line of sight, which might
hint at an asymmetric explosion. Our analysis provides strong confirmation that
the explosion originated from SN 1181.
acknowledgement: "We thank Rob Fesen for providing the [S ii] narrowband imaging and
providing helpful comments on the Letter. We also thank Eliot Quartert for the helpful
discussions. T.C. was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant
HST-HF2-51527.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under
contract NAS5-26555. I.C. was also supported by NASA through grants from the Space
Telescope Science Institute, under NASA contracts NASA.22K1813, NAS5-26555, and
NAS5-03127. This research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-1748958 to the
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). O.T. was supported by FONDECYT grant
11241186.\r\n\r\nThis publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California,
Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology,
funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\r\n\r\nThis research
made use of Montage. It is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant
No. ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration's Earth Science Technology Office, Computation Technologies Project,
under Cooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and the California Institute
of Technology."
article_number: L7
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Cunningham, Tim
last_name: Cunningham
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Nikolaus Z.
full_name: Prusinski, Nikolaus Z.
last_name: Prusinski
- first_name: James
full_name: Fuller, James
last_name: Fuller
- first_name: John C.
full_name: Raymond, John C.
last_name: Raymond
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Kulkarni, S. R.
last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: James D.
full_name: Neill, James D.
last_name: Neill
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Duffell, Paul
last_name: Duffell
- first_name: Chris
full_name: Martin, Chris
last_name: Martin
- first_name: Odette
full_name: Toloza, Odette
last_name: Toloza
- first_name: David
full_name: Charbonneau, David
last_name: Charbonneau
- first_name: Scott J.
full_name: Kenyon, Scott J.
last_name: Kenyon
- first_name: Zeren
full_name: Lin, Zeren
last_name: Lin
- first_name: Mateusz
full_name: Matuszewski, Mateusz
last_name: Matuszewski
- first_name: Rosalie
full_name: McGurk, Rosalie
last_name: McGurk
- first_name: Abigail
full_name: Polin, Abigail
last_name: Polin
- first_name: Philippe Z.
full_name: Yao, Philippe Z.
last_name: Yao
citation:
ama: Cunningham T, Caiazzo I, Prusinski NZ, et al. Expansion properties of the young
supernova type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2024;975(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
apa: Cunningham, T., Caiazzo, I., Prusinski, N. Z., Fuller, J., Raymond, J. C.,
Kulkarni, S. R., … Yao, P. Z. (2024). Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American
Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
chicago: Cunningham, Tim, Ilaria Caiazzo, Nikolaus Z. Prusinski, James Fuller, John
C. Raymond, S. R. Kulkarni, James D. Neill, et al. “Expansion Properties of the
Young Supernova Type Iax Remnant Pa 30 Revealed.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. American Astronomical Society, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b.
ieee: T. Cunningham et al., “Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol.
975, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2024.
ista: Cunningham T, Caiazzo I, Prusinski NZ, Fuller J, Raymond JC, Kulkarni SR,
Neill JD, Duffell P, Martin C, Toloza O, Charbonneau D, Kenyon SJ, Lin Z, Matuszewski
M, McGurk R, Polin A, Yao PZ. 2024. Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975(1), L7.
mla: Cunningham, Tim, et al. “Expansion Properties of the Young Supernova Type Iax
Remnant Pa 30 Revealed.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 975, no.
1, L7, American Astronomical Society, 2024, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b.
short: T. Cunningham, I. Caiazzo, N.Z. Prusinski, J. Fuller, J.C. Raymond, S.R.
Kulkarni, J.D. Neill, P. Duffell, C. Martin, O. Toloza, D. Charbonneau, S.J. Kenyon,
Z. Lin, M. Matuszewski, R. McGurk, A. Polin, P.Z. Yao, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 975 (2024).
date_created: 2024-11-19T08:12:59Z
date_published: 2024-10-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T14:43:36Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.10940'
isi:
- '001340831400001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 51e790dd3d85ca984e656734f9f611da
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-11-20T12:24:52Z
date_updated: 2024-11-20T12:24:52Z
file_id: '18573'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysJourLetters_Cunningham.pdf
file_size: 90328868
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-11-20T12:24:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 975'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Expansion properties of the young supernova type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 975
year: '2024'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '18760'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring
rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first
time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly
multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and
JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements
for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted
as rotation, yields Vrot = 305 ± 70 km s−1, and we hence refer to this galaxy
as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of re = 2.25 kpc, the
high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be
expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, (math formula).
This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within re. We also
observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation
rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by
a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to re. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting
gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is
consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While
large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after
only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the
growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history
of the Universe.
acknowledgement: We thank the reviewer and editorial staff for their excellent feedback
and effort—the manuscript is much stronger as a result. Support for this work was
provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science
Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in
Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. H.Ü. gratefully acknowledges support
by the Isaac Newton Trust and by the Kavli Foundation through a Newton-Kavli Junior
Fellowship. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for
Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well
as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349.
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation
under grant No. 140. R.S. acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/S004831/1).
R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble
Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute,
which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M.V.M. acknowledges support from the National
Science Foundation via AAG grant 2205519 and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
via grant MSN251397. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship
from the Royal Society. A.J.B., A.J.C., and G.C.J. acknowledge funding from the
"FirstGalaxies" Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No.
789056). I.L. acknowledges support by the Australian Research Council through Future
Fellowship FT220100798. D.J.E. is supported as a Simons Investigator and by a JWST/NIRCam
contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. R.M., J.W., L.S., and W.B. acknowledge
support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the ERC through
advanced grant 695671 "QUENCH," and the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL.
B.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University
of Arizona, NAS5-02015. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is
managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under
a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The HST and JWST image
mosaics of the FRESCO fields are released at MAST as a High Level Science Product
(P. Oesch & D. Magee 2023).
article_number: L27
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: letter_note
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Erica
full_name: Nelson, Erica
last_name: Nelson
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Clara
full_name: Giménez-Arteaga, Clara
last_name: Giménez-Arteaga
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Hannah
full_name: Übler, Hannah
last_name: Übler
- first_name: Jasleen
full_name: Matharu, Jasleen
last_name: Matharu
- first_name: Alice E.
full_name: Shapley, Alice E.
last_name: Shapley
- first_name: Katherine E.
full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
last_name: Whitaker
- first_name: Emily
full_name: Wisnioski, Emily
last_name: Wisnioski
- first_name: Natascha M.
full_name: Förster Schreiber, Natascha M.
last_name: Förster Schreiber
- first_name: Renske
full_name: Smit, Renske
last_name: Smit
- first_name: Pieter
full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter
last_name: Van Dokkum
- first_name: John
full_name: Chisholm, John
last_name: Chisholm
- first_name: Ryan
full_name: Endsley, Ryan
last_name: Endsley
- first_name: Abigail I.
full_name: Hartley, Abigail I.
last_name: Hartley
- first_name: Justus
full_name: Gibson, Justus
last_name: Gibson
- first_name: Emma
full_name: Giovinazzo, Emma
last_name: Giovinazzo
- first_name: Garth
full_name: Illingworth, Garth
last_name: Illingworth
- first_name: Ivo
full_name: Labbe, Ivo
last_name: Labbe
- first_name: Michael V.
full_name: Maseda, Michael V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Alba
full_name: Covelo Paz, Alba
last_name: Covelo Paz
- first_name: Sedona H.
full_name: Price, Sedona H.
last_name: Price
- first_name: Naveen A.
full_name: Reddy, Naveen A.
last_name: Reddy
- first_name: Irene
full_name: Shivaei, Irene
last_name: Shivaei
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Weibel, Andrea
last_name: Weibel
- first_name: Stijn
full_name: Wuyts, Stijn
last_name: Wuyts
- first_name: Mengyuan
full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan
last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Stacey
full_name: Alberts, Stacey
last_name: Alberts
- first_name: William M.
full_name: Baker, William M.
last_name: Baker
- first_name: Andrew J.
full_name: Bunker, Andrew J.
last_name: Bunker
- first_name: Alex J.
full_name: Cameron, Alex J.
last_name: Cameron
- first_name: Stephane
full_name: Charlot, Stephane
last_name: Charlot
- first_name: Daniel J.
full_name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
last_name: Eisenstein
- first_name: Anna
full_name: De Graaff, Anna
last_name: De Graaff
- first_name: Zhiyuan
full_name: Ji, Zhiyuan
last_name: Ji
- first_name: Benjamin D.
full_name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
last_name: Johnson
- first_name: Gareth C.
full_name: Jones, Gareth C.
last_name: Jones
- first_name: Roberto
full_name: Maiolino, Roberto
last_name: Maiolino
- first_name: Brant
full_name: Robertson, Brant
last_name: Robertson
- first_name: Lester
full_name: Sandles, Lester
last_name: Sandles
- first_name: Katherine A.
full_name: Suess, Katherine A.
last_name: Suess
- first_name: Sandro
full_name: Tacchella, Sandro
last_name: Tacchella
- first_name: Christina C.
full_name: Williams, Christina C.
last_name: Williams
- first_name: Joris
full_name: Witstok, Joris
last_name: Witstok
citation:
ama: 'Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, et al. Ionized gas kinematics with
FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 2024;976(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17'
apa: 'Nelson, E., Brammer, G., Giménez-Arteaga, C., Oesch, P. A., Naidu, R. P.,
Übler, H., … Witstok, J. (2024). Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended,
massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17'
chicago: 'Nelson, Erica, Gabriel Brammer, Clara Giménez-Arteaga, Pascal A. Oesch,
Rohan P. Naidu, Hannah Übler, Jasleen Matharu, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics
with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17.'
ieee: 'E. Nelson et al., “Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended,
massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4,” Astrophysical Journal Letters,
vol. 976, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.'
ista: 'Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, Oesch PA, Naidu RP, Übler H, Matharu
J, Shapley AE, Whitaker KE, Wisnioski E, Förster Schreiber NM, Smit R, Van Dokkum
P, Chisholm J, Endsley R, Hartley AI, Gibson J, Giovinazzo E, Illingworth G, Labbe
I, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Covelo Paz A, Price SH, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Weibel
A, Wuyts S, Xiao M, Alberts S, Baker WM, Bunker AJ, Cameron AJ, Charlot S, Eisenstein
DJ, De Graaff A, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Maiolino R, Robertson B, Sandles
L, Suess KA, Tacchella S, Williams CC, Witstok J. 2024. Ionized gas kinematics
with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 976(2), L27.'
mla: 'Nelson, Erica, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive,
Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol.
976, no. 2, L27, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17.'
short: E. Nelson, G. Brammer, C. Giménez-Arteaga, P.A. Oesch, R.P. Naidu, H. Übler,
J. Matharu, A.E. Shapley, K.E. Whitaker, E. Wisnioski, N.M. Förster Schreiber,
R. Smit, P. Van Dokkum, J. Chisholm, R. Endsley, A.I. Hartley, J. Gibson, E. Giovinazzo,
G. Illingworth, I. Labbe, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, A. Covelo Paz, S.H. Price,
N.A. Reddy, I. Shivaei, A. Weibel, S. Wuyts, M. Xiao, S. Alberts, W.M. Baker,
A.J. Bunker, A.J. Cameron, S. Charlot, D.J. Eisenstein, A. De Graaff, Z. Ji, B.D.
Johnson, G.C. Jones, R. Maiolino, B. Robertson, L. Sandles, K.A. Suess, S. Tacchella,
C.C. Williams, J. Witstok, Astrophysical Journal Letters 976 (2024).
date_created: 2025-01-05T23:01:58Z
date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T11:58:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2310.06887'
isi:
- '001364636000001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 5c7320196586b4340e55f215d8737185
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-01-08T08:18:39Z
date_updated: 2025-01-08T08:18:39Z
file_id: '18771'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJour_Nelson.pdf
file_size: 1822989
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-01-08T08:18:39Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 976'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating
galaxy at z = 5.4'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 976
year: '2024'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
_id: '17234'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The identification of red, apparently massive galaxies at z > 7 in early James
Webb Space Telescope (JWST) photometry suggests a strongly accelerated time line
compared to standard models of galaxy growth. A major uncertainty in the interpretation
is whether the red colors are caused by evolved stellar populations, dust, or
other effects such as emission lines or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here we
show that three of the massive galaxy candidates at z = 6.7–8.4 have prominent
Balmer breaks in JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy from the RUBIES program. The Balmer
breaks demonstrate unambiguously that stellar emission dominates at λrest = 0.4
μm and require formation histories extending hundreds of millions of years into
the past in galaxies only 600–800 Myr after the big bang. Two of the three galaxies
also show broad Balmer lines, with Hβ FWHM > 2500 km s−1, suggesting that dust-reddened
AGNs contribute to, or even dominate, the spectral energy distributions of these
galaxies at λrest ≳ 0.6 μm. All three galaxies have relatively narrow [O iii]
lines, seemingly ruling out a high-mass interpretation if the lines arise in dynamically
relaxed, inclined disks. Yet the inferred masses also remain highly uncertain.
We model the high-quality spectra using Prospector to decompose the continuum
into stellar and AGN components and explore limiting cases in stellar/AGN contribution.
This produces a wide range of possible stellar masses, spanning M⋆ ∼ 109−1011M⊙.
Nevertheless, all fits suggest a very early and rapid formation, most of which
follow with a truncation in star formation. Potential origins and evolutionary
tracks for these objects are discussed, from the cores of massive galaxies to
low-mass galaxies with overmassive black holes. Intriguingly, we find all of these
explanations to be incomplete; deeper and redder data are needed to understand
the physics of these systems.
acknowledgement: "We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful comments. B.W. and
J.L. acknowledge support from JWST-GO04233.009-A. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded
by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant No. 140. This research
was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through
ISSI International Team project No. 562 (First Light at Cosmic Dawn: Exploiting
the James Webb Space Telescope Revolution). This work is based in part on observations
made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from
the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute,
which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The JWST data presented in this
Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the
Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed
via doi:10.17909/3a4n-9p88. Computations for this research were performed on the
Pennsylvania State University’s Institute for Computational and Data Sciences’ Roar
supercomputer. This publication made use of the NASA Astrophysical Data System for
bibliographic information. \r\nFacilities: HST (ACS, WFC3), JWST (NIRCam, NIRSpec).
Software: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018, 2022), dynesty (Speagle
2020), EAzY (Brammer et al. 2008),\r\nemcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), Matplotlib
(Hunter 2007), msaexp (Brammer 2023b), msafit (de Graaff et al. 2024a), NumPy (Harris
et al. 2020), Prospector (Johnson et al. 2021), Python-FSPS (Johnson et al. 2023)."
article_number: L13
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Bingjie
full_name: Wang, Bingjie
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Joel
full_name: Leja, Joel
last_name: Leja
- first_name: Anna
full_name: De Graaff, Anna
last_name: De Graaff
- first_name: Gabriel B.
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel B.
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Weibel, Andrea
last_name: Weibel
- first_name: Pieter
full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter
last_name: Van Dokkum
- first_name: Josephine F.W.
full_name: Baggen, Josephine F.W.
last_name: Baggen
- first_name: Katherine A.
full_name: Suess, Katherine A.
last_name: Suess
- first_name: Jenny E.
full_name: Greene, Jenny E.
last_name: Greene
- first_name: Rachel
full_name: Bezanson, Rachel
last_name: Bezanson
- first_name: Nikko J.
full_name: Cleri, Nikko J.
last_name: Cleri
- first_name: Michaela
full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela
last_name: Hirschmann
- first_name: Ivo
full_name: Labbé, Ivo
last_name: Labbé
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Mcconachie, Ian
last_name: Mcconachie
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Erica
full_name: Nelson, Erica
last_name: Nelson
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: David J.
full_name: Setton, David J.
last_name: Setton
- first_name: Christina C.
full_name: Williams, Christina C.
last_name: Williams
citation:
ama: 'Wang B, Leja J, De Graaff A, et al. RUBIES: Evolved stellar populations with
extended formation histories at z ∼ 7-8 in candidate massive galaxies identified
with JWST/NIRSpec. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2024;969(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad55f7'
apa: 'Wang, B., Leja, J., De Graaff, A., Brammer, G. B., Weibel, A., Van Dokkum,
P., … Williams, C. C. (2024). RUBIES: Evolved stellar populations with extended
formation histories at z ∼ 7-8 in candidate massive galaxies identified with JWST/NIRSpec.
Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad55f7'
chicago: 'Wang, Bingjie, Joel Leja, Anna De Graaff, Gabriel B. Brammer, Andrea Weibel,
Pieter Van Dokkum, Josephine F.W. Baggen, et al. “RUBIES: Evolved Stellar Populations
with Extended Formation Histories at z ∼ 7-8 in Candidate Massive Galaxies Identified
with JWST/NIRSpec.” Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad55f7.'
ieee: 'B. Wang et al., “RUBIES: Evolved stellar populations with extended
formation histories at z ∼ 7-8 in candidate massive galaxies identified with JWST/NIRSpec,”
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 969, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2024.'
ista: 'Wang B, Leja J, De Graaff A, Brammer GB, Weibel A, Van Dokkum P, Baggen JFW,
Suess KA, Greene JE, Bezanson R, Cleri NJ, Hirschmann M, Labbé I, Matthee JJ,
Mcconachie I, Naidu RP, Nelson E, Oesch PA, Setton DJ, Williams CC. 2024. RUBIES:
Evolved stellar populations with extended formation histories at z ∼ 7-8 in candidate
massive galaxies identified with JWST/NIRSpec. Astrophysical Journal Letters.
969(1), L13.'
mla: 'Wang, Bingjie, et al. “RUBIES: Evolved Stellar Populations with Extended Formation
Histories at z ∼ 7-8 in Candidate Massive Galaxies Identified with JWST/NIRSpec.”
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 969, no. 1, L13, IOP Publishing, 2024,
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad55f7.'
short: B. Wang, J. Leja, A. De Graaff, G.B. Brammer, A. Weibel, P. Van Dokkum, J.F.W.
Baggen, K.A. Suess, J.E. Greene, R. Bezanson, N.J. Cleri, M. Hirschmann, I. Labbé,
J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, R.P. Naidu, E. Nelson, P.A. Oesch, D.J. Setton, C.C.
Williams, Astrophysical Journal Letters 969 (2024).
date_created: 2024-07-14T22:01:11Z
date_published: 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T08:10:21Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad55f7
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2405.01473'
isi:
- '001257903200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bb1a6725586df12e745d091b5778bb2b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-07-16T06:24:29Z
date_updated: 2024-07-16T06:24:29Z
file_id: '17243'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Wang.pdf
file_size: 3273303
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-07-16T06:24:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 969'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'RUBIES: Evolved stellar populations with extended formation histories at z
∼ 7-8 in candidate massive galaxies identified with JWST/NIRSpec'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 969
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '15192'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We searched the Gaia DR3 database for ultramassive white dwarfs with kinematics
consistent with having escaped the nearby Hyades open cluster, identifying three
such candidates. Two of these candidates have masses estimated from Gaia photometry
of approximately 1.1 solar masses; their status as products of single-stellar
evolution that have escaped the cluster was deemed too questionable for immediate
follow-up analysis. The remaining candidate has an expected mass >1.3 solar masses,
significantly reducing the probability of it being an interloper. Analysis of
follow-up Gemini GMOS spectroscopy for this source reveals a nonmagnetized hydrogen
atmosphere white dwarf with a mass and age consistent with having formed from
a single star. Assuming a single-stellar-evolution formation channel, we estimate
a 97.8% chance that the candidate is a true escapee from the Hyades. With a determined
mass of 1.317 solar masses, this is potentially the most massive known single-evolution
white dwarf and is by far the most massive with a strong association with an open
cluster.
article_number: L41
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David R.
full_name: Miller, David R.
last_name: Miller
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Jeremy
full_name: Heyl, Jeremy
last_name: Heyl
- first_name: Harvey B.
full_name: Richer, Harvey B.
last_name: Richer
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Antonio C.
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Zachary P.
full_name: Vanderbosch, Zachary P.
last_name: Vanderbosch
- first_name: Jan
full_name: van Roestel, Jan
last_name: van Roestel
citation:
ama: Miller DR, Caiazzo I, Heyl J, et al. An extremely massive white dwarf escaped
from the Hyades star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2023;956(2).
doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4
apa: Miller, D. R., Caiazzo, I., Heyl, J., Richer, H. B., El-Badry, K., Rodriguez,
A. C., … van Roestel, J. (2023). An extremely massive white dwarf escaped from
the Hyades star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical
Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4
chicago: Miller, David R., Ilaria Caiazzo, Jeremy Heyl, Harvey B. Richer, Kareem
El-Badry, Antonio C. Rodriguez, Zachary P. Vanderbosch, and Jan van Roestel. “An
Extremely Massive White Dwarf Escaped from the Hyades Star Cluster.” The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4.
ieee: D. R. Miller et al., “An extremely massive white dwarf escaped from
the Hyades star cluster,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 956,
no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2023.
ista: Miller DR, Caiazzo I, Heyl J, Richer HB, El-Badry K, Rodriguez AC, Vanderbosch
ZP, van Roestel J. 2023. An extremely massive white dwarf escaped from the Hyades
star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 956(2), L41.
mla: Miller, David R., et al. “An Extremely Massive White Dwarf Escaped from the
Hyades Star Cluster.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 956, no.
2, L41, American Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4.
short: D.R. Miller, I. Caiazzo, J. Heyl, H.B. Richer, K. El-Badry, A.C. Rodriguez,
Z.P. Vanderbosch, J. van Roestel, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 956 (2023).
date_created: 2024-03-26T09:45:38Z
date_published: 2023-10-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-04-02T06:56:01Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2310.03204'
intvolume: ' 956'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acffc4
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An extremely massive white dwarf escaped from the Hyades star cluster
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 956
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '15196'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We report the discovery of ZTF J0127+5258, a compact mass-transferring binary
with an orbital period of 13.7 minutes. The system contains a white dwarf accretor,
which likely originated as a post–common envelope carbon–oxygen (CO) white dwarf,
and a warm donor (Teff,donor = 16,400 ± 1000 K). The donor probably formed during
a common envelope phase between the CO white dwarf and an evolving giant that
left behind a helium star or white dwarf in a close orbit with the CO white dwarf.
We measure gravitational wave–driven orbital inspiral with ∼51σ significance,
which yields a joint constraint on the component masses and mass transfer rate.
While the accretion disk in the system is dominated by ionized helium emission,
the donor exhibits a mixture of hydrogen and helium absorption lines. Phase-resolved
spectroscopy yields a donor radial velocity semiamplitude of 771 ± 27 km s−1,
and high-speed photometry reveals that the system is eclipsing. We detect a Chandra
X-ray counterpart with LX ∼ 3 × 1031 erg s−1. Depending on the mass transfer rate,
the system will likely either evolve into a stably mass-transferring helium cataclysmic
variable, merge to become an R CrB star, or explode as a Type Ia supernova in
the next million years. We predict that the Laser Space Interferometer Antenna
(LISA) will detect the source with a signal-to-noise ratio of 24 ± 6 after 4 yr
of observations. The system is the first LISA-loud mass-transferring binary with
an intrinsically luminous donor, a class of sources that provide the opportunity
to leverage the synergy between optical and infrared time domain surveys, X-ray
facilities, and gravitational-wave observatories to probe general relativity,
accretion physics, and binary evolution.
article_number: L1
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kevin B.
full_name: Burdge, Kevin B.
last_name: Burdge
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Saul
full_name: Rappaport, Saul
last_name: Rappaport
- first_name: Tin Long
full_name: Sunny Wong, Tin Long
last_name: Sunny Wong
- first_name: Evan B.
full_name: Bauer, Evan B.
last_name: Bauer
- first_name: Lars
full_name: Bildsten, Lars
last_name: Bildsten
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Deepto
full_name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
last_name: Chakrabarty
- first_name: Emma
full_name: Chickles, Emma
last_name: Chickles
- first_name: Matthew J.
full_name: Graham, Matthew J.
last_name: Graham
- first_name: Erin
full_name: Kara, Erin
last_name: Kara
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Kulkarni, S. R.
last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Thomas R.
full_name: Marsh, Thomas R.
last_name: Marsh
- first_name: Melania
full_name: Nynka, Melania
last_name: Nynka
- first_name: Thomas A.
full_name: Prince, Thomas A.
last_name: Prince
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
- first_name: Jan
full_name: van Roestel, Jan
last_name: van Roestel
- first_name: Zach
full_name: Vanderbosch, Zach
last_name: Vanderbosch
- first_name: Eric C.
full_name: Bellm, Eric C.
last_name: Bellm
- first_name: Richard G.
full_name: Dekany, Richard G.
last_name: Dekany
- first_name: Andrew J.
full_name: Drake, Andrew J.
last_name: Drake
- first_name: George
full_name: Helou, George
last_name: Helou
- first_name: Frank J.
full_name: Masci, Frank J.
last_name: Masci
- first_name: Jennifer
full_name: Milburn, Jennifer
last_name: Milburn
- first_name: Reed
full_name: Riddle, Reed
last_name: Riddle
- first_name: Ben
full_name: Rusholme, Ben
last_name: Rusholme
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Smith, Roger
last_name: Smith
citation:
ama: Burdge KB, El-Badry K, Rappaport S, et al. Orbital decay in an accreting and
eclipsing 13.7 minute orbital period binary with a luminous donor. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 2023;953(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf
apa: Burdge, K. B., El-Badry, K., Rappaport, S., Sunny Wong, T. L., Bauer, E. B.,
Bildsten, L., … Smith, R. (2023). Orbital decay in an accreting and eclipsing
13.7 minute orbital period binary with a luminous donor. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf
chicago: Burdge, Kevin B., Kareem El-Badry, Saul Rappaport, Tin Long Sunny Wong,
Evan B. Bauer, Lars Bildsten, Ilaria Caiazzo, et al. “Orbital Decay in an Accreting
and Eclipsing 13.7 Minute Orbital Period Binary with a Luminous Donor.” The
Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf.
ieee: K. B. Burdge et al., “Orbital decay in an accreting and eclipsing 13.7
minute orbital period binary with a luminous donor,” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 953, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2023.
ista: Burdge KB, El-Badry K, Rappaport S, Sunny Wong TL, Bauer EB, Bildsten L, Caiazzo
I, Chakrabarty D, Chickles E, Graham MJ, Kara E, Kulkarni SR, Marsh TR, Nynka
M, Prince TA, Simcoe RA, van Roestel J, Vanderbosch Z, Bellm EC, Dekany RG, Drake
AJ, Helou G, Masci FJ, Milburn J, Riddle R, Rusholme B, Smith R. 2023. Orbital
decay in an accreting and eclipsing 13.7 minute orbital period binary with a luminous
donor. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 953(1), L1.
mla: Burdge, Kevin B., et al. “Orbital Decay in an Accreting and Eclipsing 13.7
Minute Orbital Period Binary with a Luminous Donor.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 953, no. 1, L1, American Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf.
short: K.B. Burdge, K. El-Badry, S. Rappaport, T.L. Sunny Wong, E.B. Bauer, L. Bildsten,
I. Caiazzo, D. Chakrabarty, E. Chickles, M.J. Graham, E. Kara, S.R. Kulkarni,
T.R. Marsh, M. Nynka, T.A. Prince, R.A. Simcoe, J. van Roestel, Z. Vanderbosch,
E.C. Bellm, R.G. Dekany, A.J. Drake, G. Helou, F.J. Masci, J. Milburn, R. Riddle,
B. Rusholme, R. Smith, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 953 (2023).
date_created: 2024-03-26T09:47:22Z
date_published: 2023-08-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-04-02T07:01:46Z
day: '08'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2303.13573'
intvolume: ' 953'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace7cf
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Orbital decay in an accreting and eclipsing 13.7 minute orbital period binary
with a luminous donor
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 953
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '15202'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Magnetars are the most strongly magnetized neutron stars, and one of the most
promising targets for X-ray polarimetric measurements. We present here the first
Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation of the magnetar 1RXS J170849.0-400910,
jointly analyzed with a new Swift observation and archival NICER data. The total
(energy- and phase-integrated) emission in the 2–8 keV energy range is linerarly
polarized, at a ∼35% level. The phase-averaged polarization signal shows a marked
increase with energy, ranging from ∼20% at 2–3 keV up to ∼80% at 6–8 keV, while
the polarization angle remains constant. This indicates that radiation is mostly
polarized in a single direction. The spectrum is well reproduced by a combination
of either two thermal (blackbody) components or a blackbody and a power law. Both
the polarization degree and angle also show a variation with the spin phase, and
the former is almost anticorrelated with the source counts in the 2–8 and 2–4
keV bands. We discuss the possible implications and interpretations, based on
a joint analysis of the spectral, polarization, and pulsation properties of the
source. A scenario in which the surface temperature is not homogeneous, with a
hotter cap covered by a gaseous atmosphere and a warmer region in a condensed
state, provides a satisfactory description of both the phase- and energy-dependent
spectro-polarimetric data. The (comparatively) small size of the two emitting
regions, required to explain the observed pulsations, does not allow to reach
a robust conclusion about the presence of vacuum birefringence effects.
article_number: L27
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Zane, Silvia
last_name: Zane
- first_name: Roberto
full_name: Taverna, Roberto
last_name: Taverna
- first_name: Denis
full_name: González–Caniulef, Denis
last_name: González–Caniulef
- first_name: Fabio
full_name: Muleri, Fabio
last_name: Muleri
- first_name: Roberto
full_name: Turolla, Roberto
last_name: Turolla
- first_name: Jeremy
full_name: Heyl, Jeremy
last_name: Heyl
- first_name: Keisuke
full_name: Uchiyama, Keisuke
last_name: Uchiyama
- first_name: Mason
full_name: Ng, Mason
last_name: Ng
- first_name: Toru
full_name: Tamagawa, Toru
last_name: Tamagawa
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Niccolò
full_name: Di Lalla, Niccolò
last_name: Di Lalla
- first_name: Herman L.
full_name: Marshall, Herman L.
last_name: Marshall
- first_name: Matteo
full_name: Bachetti, Matteo
last_name: Bachetti
- first_name: Fabio
full_name: La Monaca, Fabio
last_name: La Monaca
- first_name: Ephraim
full_name: Gau, Ephraim
last_name: Gau
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Di Marco, Alessandro
last_name: Di Marco
- first_name: Luca
full_name: Baldini, Luca
last_name: Baldini
- first_name: Michela
full_name: Negro, Michela
last_name: Negro
- first_name: Nicola
full_name: Omodei, Nicola
last_name: Omodei
- first_name: John
full_name: Rankin, John
last_name: Rankin
- first_name: Giorgio
full_name: Matt, Giorgio
last_name: Matt
- first_name: George G.
full_name: Pavlov, George G.
last_name: Pavlov
- first_name: Takao
full_name: Kitaguchi, Takao
last_name: Kitaguchi
- first_name: Henric
full_name: Krawczynski, Henric
last_name: Krawczynski
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Kislat, Fabian
last_name: Kislat
- first_name: Ruth
full_name: Kelly, Ruth
last_name: Kelly
- first_name: Iván
full_name: Agudo, Iván
last_name: Agudo
- first_name: Lucio A.
full_name: Antonelli, Lucio A.
last_name: Antonelli
- first_name: Wayne H.
full_name: Baumgartner, Wayne H.
last_name: Baumgartner
- first_name: Ronaldo
full_name: Bellazzini, Ronaldo
last_name: Bellazzini
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Bianchi, Stefano
last_name: Bianchi
- first_name: Stephen D.
full_name: Bongiorno, Stephen D.
last_name: Bongiorno
- first_name: Raffaella
full_name: Bonino, Raffaella
last_name: Bonino
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Brez, Alessandro
last_name: Brez
- first_name: Niccolò
full_name: Bucciantini, Niccolò
last_name: Bucciantini
- first_name: Fiamma
full_name: Capitanio, Fiamma
last_name: Capitanio
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Castellano, Simone
last_name: Castellano
- first_name: Elisabetta
full_name: Cavazzuti, Elisabetta
last_name: Cavazzuti
- first_name: Chieng-Ting
full_name: Chen, Chieng-Ting
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Ciprini, Stefano
last_name: Ciprini
- first_name: Enrico
full_name: Costa, Enrico
last_name: Costa
- first_name: Alessandra
full_name: De Rosa, Alessandra
last_name: De Rosa
- first_name: Ettore
full_name: Del Monte, Ettore
last_name: Del Monte
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Di Gesu, Laura
last_name: Di Gesu
- first_name: Immacolata
full_name: Donnarumma, Immacolata
last_name: Donnarumma
- first_name: Victor
full_name: Doroshenko, Victor
last_name: Doroshenko
- first_name: Michal
full_name: Dovčiak, Michal
last_name: Dovčiak
- first_name: Steven R.
full_name: Ehlert, Steven R.
last_name: Ehlert
- first_name: Teruaki
full_name: Enoto, Teruaki
last_name: Enoto
- first_name: Yuri
full_name: Evangelista, Yuri
last_name: Evangelista
- first_name: Sergio
full_name: Fabiani, Sergio
last_name: Fabiani
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Ferrazzoli, Riccardo
last_name: Ferrazzoli
- first_name: Javier A.
full_name: Garcia, Javier A.
last_name: Garcia
- first_name: Shuichi
full_name: Gunji, Shuichi
last_name: Gunji
- first_name: Kiyoshi
full_name: Hayashida, Kiyoshi
last_name: Hayashida
- first_name: Wataru
full_name: Iwakiri, Wataru
last_name: Iwakiri
- first_name: Svetlana G.
full_name: Jorstad, Svetlana G.
last_name: Jorstad
- first_name: Philip
full_name: Kaaret, Philip
last_name: Kaaret
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Karas, Vladimir
last_name: Karas
- first_name: Jeffery J.
full_name: Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.
last_name: Kolodziejczak
- first_name: Luca
full_name: Latronico, Luca
last_name: Latronico
- first_name: Ioannis
full_name: Liodakis, Ioannis
last_name: Liodakis
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Maldera, Simone
last_name: Maldera
- first_name: Alberto
full_name: Manfreda, Alberto
last_name: Manfreda
- first_name: Frédéric
full_name: Marin, Frédéric
last_name: Marin
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Marinucci, Andrea
last_name: Marinucci
- first_name: Alan P.
full_name: Marscher, Alan P.
last_name: Marscher
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Massaro, Francesco
last_name: Massaro
- first_name: Ikuyuki
full_name: Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
last_name: Mitsuishi
- first_name: Tsunefumi
full_name: Mizuno, Tsunefumi
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: C.-Y.
full_name: Ng, C.-Y.
last_name: Ng
- first_name: Stephen L.
full_name: O’Dell, Stephen L.
last_name: O’Dell
- first_name: Chiara
full_name: Oppedisano, Chiara
last_name: Oppedisano
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Papitto, Alessandro
last_name: Papitto
- first_name: Abel L.
full_name: Peirson, Abel L.
last_name: Peirson
- first_name: Matteo
full_name: Perri, Matteo
last_name: Perri
- first_name: Melissa
full_name: Pesce-Rollins, Melissa
last_name: Pesce-Rollins
- first_name: Pierre-Olivier
full_name: Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
last_name: Petrucci
- first_name: Maura
full_name: Pilia, Maura
last_name: Pilia
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Possenti, Andrea
last_name: Possenti
- first_name: Juri
full_name: Poutanen, Juri
last_name: Poutanen
- first_name: Simonetta
full_name: Puccetti, Simonetta
last_name: Puccetti
- first_name: Brian D.
full_name: Ramsey, Brian D.
last_name: Ramsey
- first_name: Ajay
full_name: Ratheesh, Ajay
last_name: Ratheesh
- first_name: Oliver J.
full_name: Roberts, Oliver J.
last_name: Roberts
- first_name: Roger W.
full_name: Romani, Roger W.
last_name: Romani
- first_name: Carmelo
full_name: Sgró, Carmelo
last_name: Sgró
- first_name: Patrick
full_name: Slane, Patrick
last_name: Slane
- first_name: Paolo
full_name: Soffitta, Paolo
last_name: Soffitta
- first_name: Gloria
full_name: Spandre, Gloria
last_name: Spandre
- first_name: Douglas A.
full_name: Swartz, Douglas A.
last_name: Swartz
- first_name: Fabrizio
full_name: Tavecchio, Fabrizio
last_name: Tavecchio
- first_name: Yuzuru
full_name: Tawara, Yuzuru
last_name: Tawara
- first_name: Allyn F.
full_name: Tennant, Allyn F.
last_name: Tennant
- first_name: Nicholas E.
full_name: Thomas, Nicholas E.
last_name: Thomas
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Tombesi, Francesco
last_name: Tombesi
- first_name: Alessio
full_name: Trois, Alessio
last_name: Trois
- first_name: Sergey S.
full_name: Tsygankov, Sergey S.
last_name: Tsygankov
- first_name: Jacco
full_name: Vink, Jacco
last_name: Vink
- first_name: Martin C.
full_name: Weisskopf, Martin C.
last_name: Weisskopf
- first_name: Kinwah
full_name: Wu, Kinwah
last_name: Wu
- first_name: Fei
full_name: Xie, Fei
last_name: Xie
citation:
ama: Zane S, Taverna R, González–Caniulef D, et al. A strong x-ray polarization
signal from the magnetar 1RXS J170849.0-400910. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2023;944(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb703
apa: Zane, S., Taverna, R., González–Caniulef, D., Muleri, F., Turolla, R., Heyl,
J., … Xie, F. (2023). A strong x-ray polarization signal from the magnetar 1RXS
J170849.0-400910. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical
Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb703
chicago: Zane, Silvia, Roberto Taverna, Denis González–Caniulef, Fabio Muleri, Roberto
Turolla, Jeremy Heyl, Keisuke Uchiyama, et al. “A Strong X-Ray Polarization Signal
from the Magnetar 1RXS J170849.0-400910.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
American Astronomical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb703.
ieee: S. Zane et al., “A strong x-ray polarization signal from the magnetar
1RXS J170849.0-400910,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 944, no.
2. American Astronomical Society, 2023.
ista: Zane S et al. 2023. A strong x-ray polarization signal from the magnetar 1RXS
J170849.0-400910. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 944(2), L27.
mla: Zane, Silvia, et al. “A Strong X-Ray Polarization Signal from the Magnetar
1RXS J170849.0-400910.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 944, no.
2, L27, American Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb703.
short: S. Zane, R. Taverna, D. González–Caniulef, F. Muleri, R. Turolla, J. Heyl,
K. Uchiyama, M. Ng, T. Tamagawa, I. Caiazzo, N. Di Lalla, H.L. Marshall, M. Bachetti,
F. La Monaca, E. Gau, A. Di Marco, L. Baldini, M. Negro, N. Omodei, J. Rankin,
G. Matt, G.G. Pavlov, T. Kitaguchi, H. Krawczynski, F. Kislat, R. Kelly, I. Agudo,
L.A. Antonelli, W.H. Baumgartner, R. Bellazzini, S. Bianchi, S.D. Bongiorno, R.
Bonino, A. Brez, N. Bucciantini, F. Capitanio, S. Castellano, E. Cavazzuti, C.-T.
Chen, S. Ciprini, E. Costa, A. De Rosa, E. Del Monte, L. Di Gesu, I. Donnarumma,
V. Doroshenko, M. Dovčiak, S.R. Ehlert, T. Enoto, Y. Evangelista, S. Fabiani,
R. Ferrazzoli, J.A. Garcia, S. Gunji, K. Hayashida, W. Iwakiri, S.G. Jorstad,
P. Kaaret, V. Karas, J.J. Kolodziejczak, L. Latronico, I. Liodakis, S. Maldera,
A. Manfreda, F. Marin, A. Marinucci, A.P. Marscher, F. Massaro, I. Mitsuishi,
T. Mizuno, C.-Y. Ng, S.L. O’Dell, C. Oppedisano, A. Papitto, A.L. Peirson, M.
Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, P.-O. Petrucci, M. Pilia, A. Possenti, J. Poutanen, S.
Puccetti, B.D. Ramsey, A. Ratheesh, O.J. Roberts, R.W. Romani, C. Sgró, P. Slane,
P. Soffitta, G. Spandre, D.A. Swartz, F. Tavecchio, Y. Tawara, A.F. Tennant, N.E.
Thomas, F. Tombesi, A. Trois, S.S. Tsygankov, J. Vink, M.C. Weisskopf, K. Wu,
F. Xie, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 944 (2023).
date_created: 2024-03-26T09:50:12Z
date_published: 2023-02-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-04-02T07:15:41Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb703
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2301.12919'
intvolume: ' 944'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb703
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A strong x-ray polarization signal from the magnetar 1RXS J170849.0-400910
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 944
year: '2023'
...