---
_id: '17507'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are predicted to be embedded in the disks of
    active galactic nuclei (AGNs) due to gravitational drag and in situ star formation.
    However, clear evidence for AGN disk-embedded BHs is currently lacking. Here,
    as possible electromagnetic signatures of these BHs, we investigate breakout emission
    from shocks emerging around Blandford–Znajek jets launched from accreting BHs
    in AGN disks. We assume that most of the highly super-Eddington flow reaches the
    BH and produces a strong jet, and the jet produces feedback that shuts off accretion
    and thus leads to episodic flaring. These assumptions, while poorly understood
    at present, yield observable consequences that can probe the presence of AGN-embedded
    BHs as well as the accretion process itself. They predict a breakout emission
    characterized by luminous thermal emission in the X-ray bands and bright broadband
    nonthermal emission from the infrared to the gamma-ray bands. The flare duration
    depends on the BH's distance r from the central supermassive BH, varying between
    103–106 s for r ∼ 0.01–1 pc. This emission can be discovered by current and future
    infrared, optical, and X-ray wide-field surveys and monitoring campaigns of nearby
    AGNs.
article_number: L3
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hiromichi
  full_name: Tagawa, Hiromichi
  last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Shigeo S.
  full_name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
  last_name: Kimura
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Rosalba
  full_name: Perna, Rosalba
  last_name: Perna
- first_name: Imre
  full_name: Bartos, Imre
  last_name: Bartos
citation:
  ama: Tagawa H, Kimura SS, Haiman Z, Perna R, Bartos I. Observable signatures of
    stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters</i>. 2023;946(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103">10.3847/2041-8213/acc103</a>
  apa: Tagawa, H., Kimura, S. S., Haiman, Z., Perna, R., &#38; Bartos, I. (2023).
    Observable signatures of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103</a>
  chicago: Tagawa, Hiromichi, Shigeo S. Kimura, Zoltán Haiman, Rosalba Perna, and
    Imre Bartos. “Observable Signatures of Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic
    Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society,
    2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103</a>.
  ieee: H. Tagawa, S. S. Kimura, Z. Haiman, R. Perna, and I. Bartos, “Observable signatures
    of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters</i>, vol. 946, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2023.
  ista: Tagawa H, Kimura SS, Haiman Z, Perna R, Bartos I. 2023. Observable signatures
    of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters. 946(1), L3.
  mla: Tagawa, Hiromichi, et al. “Observable Signatures of Stellar-Mass Black Holes
    in Active Galactic Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 946,
    no. 1, L3, American Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103">10.3847/2041-8213/acc103</a>.
  short: H. Tagawa, S.S. Kimura, Z. Haiman, R. Perna, I. Bartos, The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters 946 (2023).
date_created: 2024-09-05T08:44:27Z
date_published: 2023-03-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-10T10:52:04Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acc103
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       946'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc103
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Observable signatures of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 946
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '17513'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The astrophysical origin of over 90 compact binary mergers discovered by the
    LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave observatories is an open question. While the
    unusual mass and spin of some of the discovered objects constrain progenitor scenarios,
    the observed mergers are consistent with multiple interpretations. A promising
    approach to solve this question is to consider the observed distributions of binary
    properties and compare them to expectations from different origin scenarios. Here
    we describe a new hierarchical population analysis framework to assess the relative
    contribution of different formation channels simultaneously. For this study we
    considered binary formation in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks along with
    phenomenological models, but the same framework can be extended to other models.
    We find that high-mass and high-mass-ratio binaries appear more likely to have
    an AGN origin compared to having the same origin as lower-mass events. Future
    observations of high-mass black hole mergers could further disentangle the AGN
    component from other channels.
article_number: L29
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Gayathri, V.
  last_name: Gayathri
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Wysocki, Daniel
  last_name: Wysocki
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Yang, Y.
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Vera
  full_name: Delfavero, Vera
  last_name: Delfavero
- first_name: R.
  full_name: O’Shaughnessy, R.
  last_name: O’Shaughnessy
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Tagawa, H.
  last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Bartos, I.
  last_name: Bartos
citation:
  ama: 'Gayathri V, Wysocki D, Yang Y, et al. Gravitational wave source populations:
    Disentangling an AGN component. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2023;945(2).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8">10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8</a>'
  apa: 'Gayathri, V., Wysocki, D., Yang, Y., Delfavero, V., O’Shaughnessy, R., Haiman,
    Z., … Bartos, I. (2023). Gravitational wave source populations: Disentangling
    an AGN component. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8</a>'
  chicago: 'Gayathri, V., Daniel Wysocki, Y. Yang, Vera Delfavero, R. O’Shaughnessy,
    Zoltán Haiman, H. Tagawa, and I. Bartos. “Gravitational Wave Source Populations:
    Disentangling an AGN Component.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American
    Astronomical Society, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8</a>.'
  ieee: 'V. Gayathri <i>et al.</i>, “Gravitational wave source populations: Disentangling
    an AGN component,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 945, no. 2.
    American Astronomical Society, 2023.'
  ista: 'Gayathri V, Wysocki D, Yang Y, Delfavero V, O’Shaughnessy R, Haiman Z, Tagawa
    H, Bartos I. 2023. Gravitational wave source populations: Disentangling an AGN
    component. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 945(2), L29.'
  mla: 'Gayathri, V., et al. “Gravitational Wave Source Populations: Disentangling
    an AGN Component.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 945, no. 2,
    L29, American Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8">10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8</a>.'
  short: V. Gayathri, D. Wysocki, Y. Yang, V. Delfavero, R. O’Shaughnessy, Z. Haiman,
    H. Tagawa, I. Bartos, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 945 (2023).
date_created: 2024-09-05T08:52:25Z
date_published: 2023-03-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-10T13:31:17Z
day: '13'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       945'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfb8
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Gravitational wave source populations: Disentangling an AGN component'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 945
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '17514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) take place when a stellar-mass black
    hole (BH) merges with a supermassive BH (SMBH). The gravitational-wave emission
    from such an event is expected to be detectable by the future Laser Interferometer
    Space Antenna (LISA) and other millihertz detectors. It was recently suggested
    that the EMRI rate in SMBH binary systems is orders of magnitude higher than the
    EMRI rate around a single SMBH with the same total mass. Here we show that this
    high rate can produce thousands of SMBH–BH sources at a redshift of unity. We
    predict that LISA may detect a few hundred of these EMRIs with signal-to-noise
    ratio above S/N ≥8 within a 4 yr mission lifetime. The remaining subthreshold
    sources will contribute to a large confusion noise, which is approximately an
    order of magnitude above LISA’s sensitivity level. Finally, we suggest that the
    individually detectable systems, as well as the background noise from the subthreshold
    EMRIs, can be used to constrain the SMBH binary fraction in the low-redshift Universe.
article_number: L27
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Smadar
  full_name: Naoz, Smadar
  last_name: Naoz
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Naoz S, Haiman Z. The enhanced population of extreme mass-ratio inspirals in
    the LISA band from supermassive black hole binaries. <i>The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters</i>. 2023;955(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9">10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9</a>
  apa: Naoz, S., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). The enhanced population of extreme mass-ratio
    inspirals in the LISA band from supermassive black hole binaries. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9</a>
  chicago: Naoz, Smadar, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Enhanced Population of Extreme Mass-Ratio
    Inspirals in the LISA Band from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9</a>.
  ieee: S. Naoz and Z. Haiman, “The enhanced population of extreme mass-ratio inspirals
    in the LISA band from supermassive black hole binaries,” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>, vol. 955, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2023.
  ista: Naoz S, Haiman Z. 2023. The enhanced population of extreme mass-ratio inspirals
    in the LISA band from supermassive black hole binaries. The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters. 955(2), L27.
  mla: Naoz, Smadar, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Enhanced Population of Extreme Mass-Ratio
    Inspirals in the LISA Band from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>, vol. 955, no. 2, L27, American Astronomical Society, 2023,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9">10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9</a>.
  short: S. Naoz, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 955 (2023).
date_created: 2024-09-05T08:53:23Z
date_published: 2023-09-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-10T13:38:53Z
day: '26'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       955'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf8c9
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The enhanced population of extreme mass-ratio inspirals in the LISA band from
  supermassive black hole binaries
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 955
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '17549'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Studies of rest-frame optical emission in quasars at z>6 have historically
    been limited by the wavelengths accessible by ground-based telescopes. The James
    Webb Space Telescope (JWST) now offers the opportunity to probe this emission
    deep into the reionization epoch. We report the observations of eight quasars
    at z>6.5 using the JWST/NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy, as a part of
    the ''A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE)"
    program. Our JWST spectra cover the quasars' emission between rest frame ∼ 4100
    and 5100 Å. The profiles of these quasars' broad Hβ emission lines span a FWHM
    from 3000 to 6000 km s−1. The Hβ-based virial black hole (BH) masses, ranging
    from 0.6 to 2.1 billion solar masses, are generally consistent with their MgII-based
    BH masses. The new measurements based on the more reliable Hβ tracer thus confirm
    the existence of billion solar-mass BHs in the reionization epoch. In the observed
    [OIII] λλ4960,5008 doublets of these luminous quasars, broad components are more
    common than narrow core components (≤ 1200 km s−1), and only one quasar shows
    stronger narrow components than broad. Two quasars exhibit significantly broad
    and blueshifted [OIII] emission, thought to trace galactic-scale outflows, with
    median velocities of −610 km s−1 and −1430 km s−1 relative to the [CII] 158μm
    line. All eight quasars show strong optical FeII emission, and follow the Eigenvector
    1 relations defined by low-redshift quasars. The entire ASPIRE program will eventually
    cover 25 quasars and provide a statistical sample for the studies of the BHs and
    quasar spectral properties.
article_number: L5
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jinyi
  full_name: Yang, Jinyi
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Feige
  full_name: Wang, Feige
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Xiaohui
  full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
  last_name: Fan
- first_name: Joseph F.
  full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
  last_name: Hennawi
- first_name: Aaron J.
  full_name: Barth, Aaron J.
  last_name: Barth
- first_name: Eduardo
  full_name: Bañados, Eduardo
  last_name: Bañados
- first_name: Fengwu
  full_name: Sun, Fengwu
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Weizhe
  full_name: Liu, Weizhe
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Zheng
  full_name: Cai, Zheng
  last_name: Cai
- first_name: Linhua
  full_name: Jiang, Linhua
  last_name: Jiang
- first_name: Zihao
  full_name: Li, Zihao
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Masafusa
  full_name: Onoue, Masafusa
  last_name: Onoue
- first_name: Jan-Torge
  full_name: Schindler, Jan-Torge
  last_name: Schindler
- first_name: Yue
  full_name: Shen, Yue
  last_name: Shen
- first_name: Yunjing
  full_name: Wu, Yunjing
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Aklant K.
  full_name: Bhowmick, Aklant K.
  last_name: Bhowmick
- first_name: Rebekka
  full_name: Bieri, Rebekka
  last_name: Bieri
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Blecha, Laura
  last_name: Blecha
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Bosman, Sarah
  last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Jaclyn B.
  full_name: Champagne, Jaclyn B.
  last_name: Champagne
- first_name: Luis
  full_name: Colina, Luis
  last_name: Colina
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Connor, Thomas
  last_name: Connor
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Costa, Tiago
  last_name: Costa
- first_name: Frederick B.
  full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
  last_name: Davies
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Decarli, Roberto
  last_name: Decarli
- first_name: Gisella
  full_name: De Rosa, Gisella
  last_name: De Rosa
- first_name: Alyssa B.
  full_name: Drake, Alyssa B.
  last_name: Drake
- first_name: Eiichi
  full_name: Egami, Eiichi
  last_name: Egami
- first_name: Anna-Christina
  full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
  last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Analis E.
  full_name: Evans, Analis E.
  last_name: Evans
- first_name: Emanuele Paolo
  full_name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
  last_name: Farina
- first_name: Melanie
  full_name: Habouzit, Melanie
  last_name: Habouzit
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Xiangyu
  full_name: Jin, Xiangyu
  last_name: Jin
- first_name: Hyunsung D.
  full_name: Jun, Hyunsung D.
  last_name: Jun
- first_name: Koki
  full_name: Kakiichi, Koki
  last_name: Kakiichi
- first_name: Yana
  full_name: Khusanova, Yana
  last_name: Khusanova
- first_name: Girish
  full_name: Kulkarni, Girish
  last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Federica
  full_name: Loiacono, Federica
  last_name: Loiacono
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Lupi, Alessandro
  last_name: Lupi
- first_name: Chiara
  full_name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
  last_name: Mazzucchelli
- first_name: Zhiwei
  full_name: Pan, Zhiwei
  last_name: Pan
- first_name: Sofía
  full_name: Rojas-Ruiz, Sofía
  last_name: Rojas-Ruiz
- first_name: Michael A.
  full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
  last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Wei Leong
  full_name: Tee, Wei Leong
  last_name: Tee
- first_name: Benny
  full_name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
  last_name: Trakhtenbrot
- first_name: Maxime
  full_name: Trebitsch, Maxime
  last_name: Trebitsch
- first_name: Bram
  full_name: Venemans, Bram
  last_name: Venemans
- first_name: Marianne
  full_name: Vestergaard, Marianne
  last_name: Vestergaard
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Volonteri, Marta
  last_name: Volonteri
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Walter, Fabian
  last_name: Walter
- first_name: Zhang-Liang
  full_name: Xie, Zhang-Liang
  last_name: Xie
- first_name: Minghao
  full_name: Yue, Minghao
  last_name: Yue
- first_name: Haowen
  full_name: Zhang, Haowen
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Huanian
  full_name: Zhang, Huanian
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Siwei
  full_name: Zou, Siwei
  last_name: Zou
citation:
  ama: 'Yang J, Wang F, Fan X, et al. A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the
    reionization Era (ASPIRE): A first look at the rest-frame optical spectra of &#62;
    6.5 quasars using JWST. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2023;951(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8">10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8</a>'
  apa: 'Yang, J., Wang, F., Fan, X., Hennawi, J. F., Barth, A. J., Bañados, E., …
    Zou, S. (2023). A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization Era
    (ASPIRE): A first look at the rest-frame optical spectra of &#62; 6.5 quasars
    using JWST. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8</a>'
  chicago: 'Yang, Jinyi, Feige Wang, Xiaohui Fan, Joseph F. Hennawi, Aaron J. Barth,
    Eduardo Bañados, Fengwu Sun, et al. “A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in
    the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-Frame Optical Spectra
    of &#62; 6.5 Quasars Using JWST.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American
    Astronomical Society, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Yang <i>et al.</i>, “A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization
    Era (ASPIRE): A first look at the rest-frame optical spectra of &#62; 6.5 quasars
    using JWST,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 951, no. 1. American
    Astronomical Society, 2023.'
  ista: 'Yang J, Wang F, Fan X, Hennawi JF, Barth AJ, Bañados E, Sun F, Liu W, Cai
    Z, Jiang L, Li Z, Onoue M, Schindler J-T, Shen Y, Wu Y, Bhowmick AK, Bieri R,
    Blecha L, Bosman S, Champagne JB, Colina L, Connor T, Costa T, Davies FB, Decarli
    R, De Rosa G, Drake AB, Egami E, Eilers A-C, Evans AE, Farina EP, Habouzit M,
    Haiman Z, Jin X, Jun HD, Kakiichi K, Khusanova Y, Kulkarni G, Loiacono F, Lupi
    A, Mazzucchelli C, Pan Z, Rojas-Ruiz S, Strauss MA, Tee WL, Trakhtenbrot B, Trebitsch
    M, Venemans B, Vestergaard M, Volonteri M, Walter F, Xie Z-L, Yue M, Zhang H,
    Zhang H, Zou S. 2023. A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization
    Era (ASPIRE): A first look at the rest-frame optical spectra of &#62; 6.5 quasars
    using JWST. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951(1), L5.'
  mla: 'Yang, Jinyi, et al. “A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization
    Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-Frame Optical Spectra of &#62; 6.5 Quasars
    Using JWST.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 951, no. 1, L5, American
    Astronomical Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8">10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8</a>.'
  short: J. Yang, F. Wang, X. Fan, J.F. Hennawi, A.J. Barth, E. Bañados, F. Sun, W.
    Liu, Z. Cai, L. Jiang, Z. Li, M. Onoue, J.-T. Schindler, Y. Shen, Y. Wu, A.K.
    Bhowmick, R. Bieri, L. Blecha, S. Bosman, J.B. Champagne, L. Colina, T. Connor,
    T. Costa, F.B. Davies, R. Decarli, G. De Rosa, A.B. Drake, E. Egami, A.-C. Eilers,
    A.E. Evans, E.P. Farina, M. Habouzit, Z. Haiman, X. Jin, H.D. Jun, K. Kakiichi,
    Y. Khusanova, G. Kulkarni, F. Loiacono, A. Lupi, C. Mazzucchelli, Z. Pan, S. Rojas-Ruiz,
    M.A. Strauss, W.L. Tee, B. Trakhtenbrot, M. Trebitsch, B. Venemans, M. Vestergaard,
    M. Volonteri, F. Walter, Z.-L. Xie, M. Yue, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zou, The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters 951 (2023).
date_created: 2024-09-05T10:11:02Z
date_published: 2023-06-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-18T09:53:12Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       951'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc9c8
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization Era (ASPIRE): A
  first look at the rest-frame optical spectra of > 6.5 quasars using JWST'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 951
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '17606'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present the first results from the JWST ASPIRE program (A SPectroscopic
    survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era). This program represents an imaging
    and spectroscopic survey of 25 reionization-era quasars and their environments
    by utilizing the unprecedented capabilities of NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy
    (WFSS) mode. ASPIRE will deliver the largest (∼280 arcmin^2) galaxy redshift survey
    at 3-4 μm among JWST Cycle-1 programs and provide extensive legacy values for
    studying the formation of the earliest supermassive black holes (SMBHs), the assembly
    of galaxies, early metal enrichment, and cosmic reionization. In this first ASPIRE
    paper, we report the discovery of a filamentary structure traced by the luminous
    quasar J0305-3150 and ten [OIII] emitters at z=6.6. This structure has a 3D galaxy
    overdensity of δgal=12.6 over 637 cMpc3, one of the most overdense structures
    known in the early universe, and could eventually evolve into a massive galaxy
    cluster. Together with existing VLT/MUSE and ALMA observations of this field,
    our JWST observations reveal that J0305-3150 traces a complex environment where
    both UV-bright and dusty galaxies are present, and indicate that the early evolution
    of galaxies around the quasar is not simultaneous. In addition, we discovered
    31 [OIII] emitters in this field at other redshifts, 5.3<z<6.7, with half of them
    situated at z∼5.4 and z∼6.2. This indicates that star-forming galaxies, such as
    [OIII] emitters, are generally clustered at high redshifts. These discoveries
    demonstrate the unparalleled redshift survey capabilities of NIRCam WFSS and the
    potential of the full ASPIRE survey dataset.
article_number: L4
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Feige
  full_name: Wang, Feige
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Jinyi
  full_name: Yang, Jinyi
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Joseph F.
  full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
  last_name: Hennawi
- first_name: Xiaohui
  full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
  last_name: Fan
- first_name: Fengwu
  full_name: Sun, Fengwu
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Jaclyn B.
  full_name: Champagne, Jaclyn B.
  last_name: Champagne
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Costa, Tiago
  last_name: Costa
- first_name: Melanie
  full_name: Habouzit, Melanie
  last_name: Habouzit
- first_name: Ryan
  full_name: Endsley, Ryan
  last_name: Endsley
- first_name: Zihao
  full_name: Li, Zihao
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Xiaojing
  full_name: Lin, Xiaojing
  last_name: Lin
- first_name: Romain A.
  full_name: Meyer, Romain A.
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Jan–Torge
  full_name: Schindler, Jan–Torge
  last_name: Schindler
- first_name: Yunjing
  full_name: Wu, Yunjing
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Eduardo
  full_name: Bañados, Eduardo
  last_name: Bañados
- first_name: Aaron J.
  full_name: Barth, Aaron J.
  last_name: Barth
- first_name: Aklant K.
  full_name: Bhowmick, Aklant K.
  last_name: Bhowmick
- first_name: Rebekka
  full_name: Bieri, Rebekka
  last_name: Bieri
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Blecha, Laura
  last_name: Blecha
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Bosman, Sarah
  last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Zheng
  full_name: Cai, Zheng
  last_name: Cai
- first_name: Luis
  full_name: Colina, Luis
  last_name: Colina
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Connor, Thomas
  last_name: Connor
- first_name: Frederick B.
  full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
  last_name: Davies
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Decarli, Roberto
  last_name: Decarli
- first_name: Gisella
  full_name: De Rosa, Gisella
  last_name: De Rosa
- first_name: Alyssa B.
  full_name: Drake, Alyssa B.
  last_name: Drake
- first_name: Eiichi
  full_name: Egami, Eiichi
  last_name: Egami
- first_name: Anna-Christina
  full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
  last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Analis E.
  full_name: Evans, Analis E.
  last_name: Evans
- first_name: Emanuele Paolo
  full_name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
  last_name: Farina
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Linhua
  full_name: Jiang, Linhua
  last_name: Jiang
- first_name: Xiangyu
  full_name: Jin, Xiangyu
  last_name: Jin
- first_name: Hyunsung D.
  full_name: Jun, Hyunsung D.
  last_name: Jun
- first_name: Koki
  full_name: Kakiichi, Koki
  last_name: Kakiichi
- first_name: Yana
  full_name: Khusanova, Yana
  last_name: Khusanova
- first_name: Girish
  full_name: Kulkarni, Girish
  last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Mingyu
  full_name: Li, Mingyu
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Weizhe
  full_name: Liu, Weizhe
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Federica
  full_name: Loiacono, Federica
  last_name: Loiacono
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Lupi, Alessandro
  last_name: Lupi
- first_name: Chiara
  full_name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
  last_name: Mazzucchelli
- first_name: Masafusa
  full_name: Onoue, Masafusa
  last_name: Onoue
- first_name: Maria A.
  full_name: Pudoka, Maria A.
  last_name: Pudoka
- first_name: Sofía
  full_name: Rojas-Ruiz, Sofía
  last_name: Rojas-Ruiz
- first_name: Yue
  full_name: Shen, Yue
  last_name: Shen
- first_name: Michael A.
  full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
  last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Wei Leong
  full_name: Tee, Wei Leong
  last_name: Tee
- first_name: Benny
  full_name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
  last_name: Trakhtenbrot
- first_name: Maxime
  full_name: Trebitsch, Maxime
  last_name: Trebitsch
- first_name: Bram
  full_name: Venemans, Bram
  last_name: Venemans
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Volonteri, Marta
  last_name: Volonteri
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Walter, Fabian
  last_name: Walter
- first_name: Zhang-Liang
  full_name: Xie, Zhang-Liang
  last_name: Xie
- first_name: Minghao
  full_name: Yue, Minghao
  last_name: Yue
- first_name: Haowen
  full_name: Zhang, Haowen
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Huanian
  full_name: Zhang, Huanian
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Siwei
  full_name: Zou, Siwei
  last_name: Zou
citation:
  ama: 'Wang F, Yang J, Hennawi JF, et al. A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos
    in the reionization era (ASPIRE): JWST reveals a filamentary structure around
    a z = 6.61 Quasar. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2023;951(1). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f">10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f</a>'
  apa: 'Wang, F., Yang, J., Hennawi, J. F., Fan, X., Sun, F., Champagne, J. B., …
    Zou, S. (2023). A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization era
    (ASPIRE): JWST reveals a filamentary structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar. <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f</a>'
  chicago: 'Wang, Feige, Jinyi Yang, Joseph F. Hennawi, Xiaohui Fan, Fengwu Sun, Jaclyn
    B. Champagne, Tiago Costa, et al. “A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the
    Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Reveals a Filamentary Structure around a z = 6.61
    Quasar.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society,
    2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Wang <i>et al.</i>, “A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization
    era (ASPIRE): JWST reveals a filamentary structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar,”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 951, no. 1. American Astronomical
    Society, 2023.'
  ista: 'Wang F, Yang J, Hennawi JF, Fan X, Sun F, Champagne JB, Costa T, Habouzit
    M, Endsley R, Li Z, Lin X, Meyer RA, Schindler J, Wu Y, Bañados E, Barth AJ, Bhowmick
    AK, Bieri R, Blecha L, Bosman S, Cai Z, Colina L, Connor T, Davies FB, Decarli
    R, De Rosa G, Drake AB, Egami E, Eilers A-C, Evans AE, Farina EP, Haiman Z, Jiang
    L, Jin X, Jun HD, Kakiichi K, Khusanova Y, Kulkarni G, Li M, Liu W, Loiacono F,
    Lupi A, Mazzucchelli C, Onoue M, Pudoka MA, Rojas-Ruiz S, Shen Y, Strauss MA,
    Tee WL, Trakhtenbrot B, Trebitsch M, Venemans B, Volonteri M, Walter F, Xie Z-L,
    Yue M, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zou S. 2023. A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in
    the reionization era (ASPIRE): JWST reveals a filamentary structure around a z
    = 6.61 Quasar. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951(1), L4.'
  mla: 'Wang, Feige, et al. “A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization
    Era (ASPIRE): JWST Reveals a Filamentary Structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 951, no. 1, L4, American Astronomical
    Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f">10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f</a>.'
  short: F. Wang, J. Yang, J.F. Hennawi, X. Fan, F. Sun, J.B. Champagne, T. Costa,
    M. Habouzit, R. Endsley, Z. Li, X. Lin, R.A. Meyer, J. Schindler, Y. Wu, E. Bañados,
    A.J. Barth, A.K. Bhowmick, R. Bieri, L. Blecha, S. Bosman, Z. Cai, L. Colina,
    T. Connor, F.B. Davies, R. Decarli, G. De Rosa, A.B. Drake, E. Egami, A.-C. Eilers,
    A.E. Evans, E.P. Farina, Z. Haiman, L. Jiang, X. Jin, H.D. Jun, K. Kakiichi, Y.
    Khusanova, G. Kulkarni, M. Li, W. Liu, F. Loiacono, A. Lupi, C. Mazzucchelli,
    M. Onoue, M.A. Pudoka, S. Rojas-Ruiz, Y. Shen, M.A. Strauss, W.L. Tee, B. Trakhtenbrot,
    M. Trebitsch, B. Venemans, M. Volonteri, F. Walter, Z.-L. Xie, M. Yue, H. Zhang,
    H. Zhang, S. Zou, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 951 (2023).
date_created: 2024-09-05T13:14:46Z
date_published: 2023-06-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-23T14:08:58Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       951'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accd6f
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization era (ASPIRE): JWST
  reveals a filamentary structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 951
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '17561'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can funnel stars and stellar remnants from the
    vicinity of the galactic center into the inner plane of the AGN disk. Stars reaching
    this inner region can be tidally disrupted by the stellar-mass black holes in
    the disk. Such micro tidal disruption events (micro-TDEs) could be a useful probe
    of stellar interaction with the AGN disk. We find that micro-TDEs in AGNs occur
    at a rate of ∼170 Gpc−3 yr−1. Their cleanest observational probe may be the electromagnetic
    detection of tidal disruption in AGNs by heavy supermassive black holes (M• ≳
    108 M⊙) that cannot tidally disrupt solar-type stars. The reconstructed rate of
    such events from observations, nonetheless, appears to be much lower than our
    estimated micro-TDE rate. We discuss two such micro-TDE candidates observed to
    date (ASASSN-15lh and ZTF19aailpwl).
article_number: L28
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Yang, Y.
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Bartos, I.
  last_name: Bartos
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Fragione, G.
  last_name: Fragione
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Kowalski, M.
  last_name: Kowalski
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Márka, S.
  last_name: Márka
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Perna, R.
  last_name: Perna
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Tagawa, H.
  last_name: Tagawa
citation:
  ama: Yang Y, Bartos I, Fragione G, et al. Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black
    holes in active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2022;933(2).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b">10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b</a>
  apa: Yang, Y., Bartos, I., Fragione, G., Haiman, Z., Kowalski, M., Márka, S., …
    Tagawa, H. (2022). Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic
    nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b</a>
  chicago: Yang, Y., I. Bartos, G. Fragione, Zoltán Haiman, M. Kowalski, S. Márka,
    R. Perna, and H. Tagawa. “Tidal Disruption on Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Active
    Galactic Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical
    Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b</a>.
  ieee: Y. Yang <i>et al.</i>, “Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active
    galactic nuclei,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 933, no. 2. American
    Astronomical Society, 2022.
  ista: Yang Y, Bartos I, Fragione G, Haiman Z, Kowalski M, Márka S, Perna R, Tagawa
    H. 2022. Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei.
    The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 933(2), L28.
  mla: Yang, Y., et al. “Tidal Disruption on Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic
    Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 933, no. 2, L28, American
    Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b">10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b</a>.
  short: Y. Yang, I. Bartos, G. Fragione, Z. Haiman, M. Kowalski, S. Márka, R. Perna,
    H. Tagawa, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 933 (2022).
date_created: 2024-09-05T12:01:54Z
date_published: 2022-07-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-18T12:38:14Z
day: '07'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       933'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 933
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '17583'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The astrophysical origin of gravitational wave transients is a timely open
    question in the wake of discoveries by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
    Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo. In active galactic nuclei (AGNs), binaries form and
    evolve efficiently by interaction with a dense population of stars and the gaseous
    AGN disk. Previous studies have shown that stellar-mass black hole (BH) mergers
    in such environments can explain the merger rate and the number of suspected hierarchical
    mergers observed by LIGO/Virgo. The binary eccentricity distribution can provide
    further information to distinguish between astrophysical models. Here we derive
    the eccentricity distribution of BH mergers in AGN disks. We find that eccentricity
    is mainly due to binary–single (BS) interactions, which lead to most BH mergers
    in AGN disks having a significant eccentricity at 0.01 Hz, detectable by the Laser
    Interferometer Space Antenna. If BS interactions occur in isotropic-3D directions,
    then 8%–30% of the mergers in AGN disks will have eccentricities at 10 Hz above
    e10 Hz ≳ 0.03, detectable by LIGO/Virgo/Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector, while
    5%–17% of mergers have e10 Hz ≥ 0.3. On the other hand, if BS interactions are
    confined to the AGN–disk plane due to torques from the disk, with 1–20 intermediate
    binary states during each interaction, or if BHs can migrate to ≲ 10−3 pc from
    the central supermassive BH, then 10%–70% of the mergers will be highly eccentric
    (e10 Hz ≥ 0.3), consistent with the possible high eccentricity in GW190521.
article_number: L20
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hiromichi
  full_name: Tagawa, Hiromichi
  last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Bence
  full_name: Kocsis, Bence
  last_name: Kocsis
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Imre
  full_name: Bartos, Imre
  last_name: Bartos
- first_name: Kazuyuki
  full_name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
  last_name: Omukai
- first_name: Johan
  full_name: Samsing, Johan
  last_name: Samsing
citation:
  ama: Tagawa H, Kocsis B, Haiman Z, Bartos I, Omukai K, Samsing J. Eccentric black
    hole mergers in active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>.
    2021;907(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3">10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3</a>
  apa: Tagawa, H., Kocsis, B., Haiman, Z., Bartos, I., Omukai, K., &#38; Samsing,
    J. (2021). Eccentric black hole mergers in active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3</a>
  chicago: Tagawa, Hiromichi, Bence Kocsis, Zoltán Haiman, Imre Bartos, Kazuyuki Omukai,
    and Johan Samsing. “Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nuclei.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3</a>.
  ieee: H. Tagawa, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, I. Bartos, K. Omukai, and J. Samsing, “Eccentric
    black hole mergers in active galactic nuclei,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>,
    vol. 907, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2021.
  ista: Tagawa H, Kocsis B, Haiman Z, Bartos I, Omukai K, Samsing J. 2021. Eccentric
    black hole mergers in active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
    907(1), L20.
  mla: Tagawa, Hiromichi, et al. “Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic
    Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 907, no. 1, L20, American
    Astronomical Society, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3">10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3</a>.
  short: H. Tagawa, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, I. Bartos, K. Omukai, J. Samsing, The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters 907 (2021).
date_created: 2024-09-05T12:27:07Z
date_published: 2021-01-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-19T11:41:11Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       907'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd4d3
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Eccentric black hole mergers in active galactic nuclei
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 907
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '17589'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The origin of the black hole mergers detected by LIGO and Virgo remains an
    open question. While the unusual mass and spin of a few events constrain their
    possible astrophysical formation mechanisms, it is difficult to classify the bulk
    of the observed mergers. Here we consider the distribution of masses and spins
    in LIGO/Virgo's first and second observing catalogs, and find that for a significant
    fraction (25%) of these detected events, an AGN-disk origin model is preferred
    over a parametric mass-spin model fit to the full GWTC-2 merger sample (Bayes
    factor B>10). We use this to estimate the black hole merger rate in AGNs to be
    about 2.8±1.8\, Gpc−3yr−1, comparable to theoretical expectations. We find that
    AGNs can explain the rate and mass distribution of the observed events with primary
    black hole mass in the pair-instability mass gap (M≳50\, M⊙).
article_number: L42
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Gayathri, V.
  last_name: Gayathri
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Yang, Y.
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Tagawa, H.
  last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Bartos, I.
  last_name: Bartos
citation:
  ama: Gayathri V, Yang Y, Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Bartos I. Black hole mergers of AGN
    origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a observing periods. <i>The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters</i>. 2021;920(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1">10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1</a>
  apa: Gayathri, V., Yang, Y., Tagawa, H., Haiman, Z., &#38; Bartos, I. (2021). Black
    hole mergers of AGN origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a observing periods. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1</a>
  chicago: Gayathri, V., Y. Yang, H. Tagawa, Zoltán Haiman, and I. Bartos. “Black
    Hole Mergers of AGN Origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a Observing Periods.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1</a>.
  ieee: V. Gayathri, Y. Yang, H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, and I. Bartos, “Black hole mergers
    of AGN origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a observing periods,” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>, vol. 920, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2021.
  ista: Gayathri V, Yang Y, Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Bartos I. 2021. Black hole mergers
    of AGN origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a observing periods. The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters. 920(2), L42.
  mla: Gayathri, V., et al. “Black Hole Mergers of AGN Origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a
    Observing Periods.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 920, no. 2,
    L42, American Astronomical Society, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1">10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1</a>.
  short: V. Gayathri, Y. Yang, H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, I. Bartos, The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters 920 (2021).
date_created: 2024-09-05T12:34:46Z
date_published: 2021-10-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-19T12:17:28Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       920'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2cc1
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Black hole mergers of AGN origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a observing periods
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 920
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '17537'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The recent gravitational wave merger event, GW190521, has challenged our understanding
    of the stellar-mass black hole (BH) formation. The primary and secondary BH are
    both inferred to fall inside the pair-instability (PI) mass gap. Here we propose
    that the formation of such binaries is possible through gas accretion onto the
    BH remnants of Population III (Pop~III) stars born in high-redshift (z>10) minihalos.
    Once the parent halo has grown to the atomic-cooling limit, even brief episodes
    of gas accretion in the dense central regions of the halo can increase the masses
    of Pop~III remnant BHs above the PI limit. Starting with a BBH with an initial
    mass of O(100) M⊙ we find that it would only need to spend about 100~Myr in the
    inner few pc of an atomic-cooling halo to accrete about 50~M⊙ of material and
    resemble a system similar to GW190521. The dynamical friction timescale for the
    binary to sink to the dense inner region of its parent halo is comparable or shorter
    than the accretion timescale required to increase their mass above the PI limit.
    Once in the core of the halo, the binary can enter a phase of hyper-Eddington
    accretion, where it would only take a few thousand years to exceed the PI limit
    through accretion. Even more massive BBHs could form through this channel, and
    be detectable by detectors with improved low-frequency sensitivity. Single Pop~III
    BH remnants would also grow through accretion and could later form binaries dynamically.
    As little as a few percent of Pop~III BH remnants may be sufficient to match the
    rate of massive BBH mergers inferred from GW190521 of 0.13+0.3−0.11Gpc−3yr−1.
article_number: L21
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mohammadtaher
  full_name: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher
  last_name: Safarzadeh
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Safarzadeh M, Haiman Z. Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto population
    III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. 2020;903(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253">10.3847/2041-8213/abc253</a>
  apa: Safarzadeh, M., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2020). Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion
    onto population III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos.
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253</a>
  chicago: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher, and Zoltán Haiman. “Formation of GW190521 via
    Gas Accretion onto Population III Stellar Black Hole Remnants Born in High-Redshift
    Minihalos.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society,
    2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253</a>.
  ieee: M. Safarzadeh and Z. Haiman, “Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto
    population III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos,” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 903, no. 1. American Astronomical Society,
    2020.
  ista: Safarzadeh M, Haiman Z. 2020. Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto
    population III stellar black hole remnants born in high-redshift minihalos. The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters. 903(1), L21.
  mla: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher, and Zoltán Haiman. “Formation of GW190521 via Gas
    Accretion onto Population III Stellar Black Hole Remnants Born in High-Redshift
    Minihalos.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 903, no. 1, L21, American
    Astronomical Society, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253">10.3847/2041-8213/abc253</a>.
  short: M. Safarzadeh, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 903 (2020).
date_created: 2024-09-05T09:50:29Z
date_published: 2020-11-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-12T09:33:05Z
day: '02'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/abc253
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       903'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abc253
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Formation of GW190521 via gas accretion onto population III stellar black hole
  remnants born in high-redshift minihalos
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 903
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '17605'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Despite the rapidly growing number of stellar-mass binary black hole mergers
    discovered through gravitational waves, the origin of these binaries is still
    not known. In galactic centers, black holes can be brought to each others' proximity
    by dynamical processes, resulting in mergers. It is also possible that black holes
    formed in previous mergers encounter new black holes, resulting in so-called hierarchical
    mergers. Hierarchical events carry signatures such as higher-than-usual black
    hole mass and spin. Here we show that the recently reported gravitational-wave
    candidate, GW170817A, could be the result of such a hierarchical merger. In particular,
    its chirp mass ∼40 M⊙ and effective spin of χeff ∼ 0.5 are the typically expected
    values from hierarchical mergers within the disks of active galactic nuclei. We
    find that the reconstructed parameters of GW170817A strongly favor a hierarchical
    merger origin over having been produced by an isolated binary origin (with an
    odds ratio of > 10^3).
article_number: L20
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Gayathri, V.
  last_name: Gayathri
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Bartos, I.
  last_name: Bartos
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Klimenko, S.
  last_name: Klimenko
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Kocsis, B.
  last_name: Kocsis
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Márka, S.
  last_name: Márka
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Yang, Y.
  last_name: Yang
citation:
  ama: Gayathri V, Bartos I, Haiman Z, et al. GW170817A as a hierarchical black hole
    merger. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2020;890(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d">10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d</a>
  apa: Gayathri, V., Bartos, I., Haiman, Z., Klimenko, S., Kocsis, B., Márka, S.,
    &#38; Yang, Y. (2020). GW170817A as a hierarchical black hole merger. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d</a>
  chicago: Gayathri, V., I. Bartos, Zoltán Haiman, S. Klimenko, B. Kocsis, S. Márka,
    and Y. Yang. “GW170817A as a Hierarchical Black Hole Merger.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d</a>.
  ieee: V. Gayathri <i>et al.</i>, “GW170817A as a hierarchical black hole merger,”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 890, no. 2. American Astronomical
    Society, 2020.
  ista: Gayathri V, Bartos I, Haiman Z, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Márka S, Yang Y. 2020.
    GW170817A as a hierarchical black hole merger. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
    890(2), L20.
  mla: Gayathri, V., et al. “GW170817A as a Hierarchical Black Hole Merger.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 890, no. 2, L20, American Astronomical
    Society, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d">10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d</a>.
  short: V. Gayathri, I. Bartos, Z. Haiman, S. Klimenko, B. Kocsis, S. Márka, Y. Yang,
    The Astrophysical Journal Letters 890 (2020).
date_created: 2024-09-05T13:13:33Z
date_published: 2020-02-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-23T14:04:29Z
day: '18'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab745d
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1911.11142'
intvolume: '       890'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1911.11142'
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: GW170817A as a hierarchical black hole merger
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 890
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '17607'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The heaviest neutron stars and lightest black holes expected to be produced
    by stellar evolution leave the mass-range 2.2 M⊙≲m≲5 M⊙ largely unpopulated. Objects
    found in this so-called lower mass gap likely originate from a distinct astrophysical
    process. Such an object, with mass 2.6 M⊙ was recently detected in the binary
    merger GW190814 through gravitational waves by LIGO/Virgo. Here we show that black
    holes in the mass gap are naturally assembled through mergers and accretion in
    AGN disks, and can subsequently participate in additional mergers. We compute
    the properties of AGN-assisted mergers involving neutron stars and black holes,
    accounting for accretion. We find that mergers in which one of the objects is
    in the lower mass gap represent up to 4% of AGN-assisted mergers detectable by
    LIGO/Virgo. The lighter object of GW190814, with mass 2.6 M⊙, could have grown
    in an AGN disk through accretion. We find that the unexpectedly high total mass
    of 3.4 M⊙ observed in the neutron star merger GW190425 may also be due to accretion
    in an AGN disk.
article_number: L34
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Yang, Y.
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Gayathri, V.
  last_name: Gayathri
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Bartos, I.
  last_name: Bartos
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Safarzadeh, M.
  last_name: Safarzadeh
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Tagawa, H.
  last_name: Tagawa
citation:
  ama: Yang Y, Gayathri V, Bartos I, Haiman Z, Safarzadeh M, Tagawa H. Black hole
    formation in the lower mass gap through mergers and accretion in AGN disks. <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2020;901(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940">10.3847/2041-8213/abb940</a>
  apa: Yang, Y., Gayathri, V., Bartos, I., Haiman, Z., Safarzadeh, M., &#38; Tagawa,
    H. (2020). Black hole formation in the lower mass gap through mergers and accretion
    in AGN disks. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940</a>
  chicago: Yang, Y., V. Gayathri, I. Bartos, Zoltán Haiman, M. Safarzadeh, and H.
    Tagawa. “Black Hole Formation in the Lower Mass Gap through Mergers and Accretion
    in AGN Disks.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical
    Society, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940</a>.
  ieee: Y. Yang, V. Gayathri, I. Bartos, Z. Haiman, M. Safarzadeh, and H. Tagawa,
    “Black hole formation in the lower mass gap through mergers and accretion in AGN
    disks,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 901, no. 2. American Astronomical
    Society, 2020.
  ista: Yang Y, Gayathri V, Bartos I, Haiman Z, Safarzadeh M, Tagawa H. 2020. Black
    hole formation in the lower mass gap through mergers and accretion in AGN disks.
    The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 901(2), L34.
  mla: Yang, Y., et al. “Black Hole Formation in the Lower Mass Gap through Mergers
    and Accretion in AGN Disks.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 901,
    no. 2, L34, American Astronomical Society, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb940">10.3847/2041-8213/abb940</a>.
  short: Y. Yang, V. Gayathri, I. Bartos, Z. Haiman, M. Safarzadeh, H. Tagawa, The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters 901 (2020).
date_created: 2024-09-05T13:15:59Z
date_published: 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-23T14:16:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/abb940
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2007.04781'
intvolume: '       901'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2007.04781'
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Black hole formation in the lower mass gap through mergers and accretion in
  AGN disks
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 901
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '17627'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Observations of high-redshift quasars indicate that supermassive black holes
    (SMBHs) with masses greater than ∼109 M⊙ were assembled within the first billion
    years after the Big Bang. It is unclear how such massive black holes (BHs) formed
    so early. One possible explanation is that these SMBHs were seeded by "heavy"
    direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) with masses of MBH ≈ 105 M⊙, but observations
    have not yet confirmed or refuted this scenario. In this Letter, we utilize a
    cosmological N-body simulation to demonstrate that before they grow roughly an
    order of magnitude in mass, DCBHs will have BH mass to halo mass ratios that are
    much higher than expected for BH remnants of Population III (Pop III) stars that
    have grown to the same mass (∼106 M⊙). We also show that when Tvir ≈ 104 K halos
    (the potential sites of DCBH formation) merge with much larger nearby halos (Mh
    > 1010 M⊙), they almost always orbit their larger host halos with a separation
    of a few kpc, which is sufficient to be spatially resolved with future X-ray and
    infrared telescopes. Thus, we propose that a future X-ray mission such as Lynx,
    combined with infrared observations, will be able to distinguish high-redshift
    DCBHs from smaller BH seeds due to the unusually high BH mass to stellar mass
    ratios of the faintest observed quasars, with inferred BH masses below ∼106 M⊙.
article_number: L9
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Eli
  full_name: Visbal, Eli
  last_name: Visbal
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Visbal E, Haiman Z. Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their
    small host galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2018;865(1). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a">10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>
  apa: Visbal, E., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Identifying direct collapse black hole
    seeds through their small host galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>.
    American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>
  chicago: Visbal, Eli, and Zoltán Haiman. “Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole
    Seeds through Their Small Host Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>.
    American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>.
  ieee: E. Visbal and Z. Haiman, “Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through
    their small host galaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 865,
    no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2018.
  ista: Visbal E, Haiman Z. 2018. Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through
    their small host galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 865(1), L9.
  mla: Visbal, Eli, and Zoltán Haiman. “Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds
    through Their Small Host Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>,
    vol. 865, no. 1, L9, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a">10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>.
  short: E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 865 (2018).
date_created: 2024-09-05T13:57:07Z
date_published: 2018-09-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-24T09:07:47Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1809.01754'
intvolume: '       865'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1809.01754
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 865
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '17640'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Gravitational waves (GWs) in the nano-hertz band are great tools for understanding
    the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei.
    We consider SMBH binaries in high-z ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs)
    as sources of a stochastic GW background (GWB). ULIRGs are likely associated with
    gas-rich galaxy mergers containing SMBHs that possibly occur at most once in the
    life of galaxies, unlike multiple dry mergers at low redshift. Adopting a well-established
    sample of ULIRGs, we study the properties of the GWB due to coalescing binary
    SMBHs in these galaxies. Since the ULIRG population peaks at z>1.5, the amplitude
    of the GWB is not affected even if BH mergers are delayed by as long as ∼ 10 Gyrs.
    Despite the rarity of the high-z ULIRGs, we find a tension with the upper limits
    from Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments. This result suggests that if a fraction
    fm,gal of ULIRGs are associated with SMBH binaries, then no more than 20fm,gal(λEdd/0.3)5/3(tlife/30
    Myr) % of the binary SMBHs in ULIRGs can merge within a Hubble time, for plausible
    values of the Eddington ratio of ULIRGs (λEdd) and their lifetime (tlife).
article_number: L36
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kohei
  full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei
  last_name: Inayoshi
- first_name: Kohei
  full_name: Ichikawa, Kohei
  last_name: Ichikawa
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Inayoshi K, Ichikawa K, Haiman Z. Gravitational waves from supermassive black
    hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters</i>. 2018;863(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad">10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>
  apa: Inayoshi, K., Ichikawa, K., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Gravitational waves from
    supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>
  chicago: Inayoshi, Kohei, Kohei Ichikawa, and Zoltán Haiman. “Gravitational Waves
    from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>.
  ieee: K. Inayoshi, K. Ichikawa, and Z. Haiman, “Gravitational waves from supermassive
    black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal Letters</i>, vol. 863, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2018.
  ista: Inayoshi K, Ichikawa K, Haiman Z. 2018. Gravitational waves from supermassive
    black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal
    Letters. 863(2), L36.
  mla: Inayoshi, Kohei, et al. “Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
    in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>,
    vol. 863, no. 2, L36, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad">10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>.
  short: K. Inayoshi, K. Ichikawa, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 863
    (2018).
date_created: 2024-09-06T07:18:03Z
date_published: 2018-08-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-24T11:47:28Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1805.05334'
intvolume: '       863'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.05334
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8205
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous
  infrared galaxies
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 863
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '17617'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Most standard descriptions of Type II migration state that massive, gap-opening
    planets must migrate at the viscous drift rate. This is based on the idea that
    the disk is separated into an inner and outer region and gas is considered unable
    to cross the gap. In fact, gas easily crosses the gap on horseshoe orbits, nullifying
    this necessary premise which would set the migration rate. In this work, it is
    demonstrated using highly accurate numerical calculations that the actual migration
    rate is dependent on disk and planet parameters, and can be significantly larger
    or smaller than the viscous drift rate. In the limiting case of a disk much more
    massive than the secondary, the migration rate saturates to a constant that is
    sensitive to disk parameters and is not necessarily of the order of the viscous
    rate. In the opposite limit of a low-mass disk, the migration rate decreases linearly
    with disk mass. Steady-state solutions in the low disk mass limit show no pile-up
    outside the secondary's orbit, and no corresponding drainage of the inner disk.
article_number: L10
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Paul C.
  full_name: Duffell, Paul C.
  last_name: Duffell
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Andrew I.
  full_name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
  last_name: MacFadyen
- first_name: Daniel J.
  full_name: D'Orazio, Daniel J.
  last_name: D'Orazio
- first_name: Brian D.
  full_name: Farris, Brian D.
  last_name: Farris
citation:
  ama: Duffell PC, Haiman Z, MacFadyen AI, D’Orazio DJ, Farris BD. The migration of
    gap-opening planets is not locked to viscous disk evolution. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. 2014;792(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10">10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10</a>
  apa: Duffell, P. C., Haiman, Z., MacFadyen, A. I., D’Orazio, D. J., &#38; Farris,
    B. D. (2014). The migration of gap-opening planets is not locked to viscous disk
    evolution. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10">https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10</a>
  chicago: Duffell, Paul C., Zoltán Haiman, Andrew I. MacFadyen, Daniel J. D’Orazio,
    and Brian D. Farris. “The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets Is Not Locked to Viscous
    Disk Evolution.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society,
    2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10">https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10</a>.
  ieee: P. C. Duffell, Z. Haiman, A. I. MacFadyen, D. J. D’Orazio, and B. D. Farris,
    “The migration of gap-opening planets is not locked to viscous disk evolution,”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 792, no. 1. American Astronomical Society,
    2014.
  ista: Duffell PC, Haiman Z, MacFadyen AI, D’Orazio DJ, Farris BD. 2014. The migration
    of gap-opening planets is not locked to viscous disk evolution. The Astrophysical
    Journal. 792(1), L10.
  mla: Duffell, Paul C., et al. “The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets Is Not Locked
    to Viscous Disk Evolution.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 792, no. 1,
    L10, American Astronomical Society, 2014, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10">10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10</a>.
  short: P.C. Duffell, Z. Haiman, A.I. MacFadyen, D.J. D’Orazio, B.D. Farris, The
    Astrophysical Journal 792 (2014).
date_created: 2024-09-05T13:34:52Z
date_published: 2014-08-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-24T08:08:57Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/l10
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1405.3711'
intvolume: '       792'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1405.3711'
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-8213
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The migration of gap-opening planets is not locked to viscous disk evolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 792
year: '2014'
...