---
_id: '17078'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: For the emergence of life, the abiotic synthesis of RNA from its monomers
    is a central step. We found that in alkaline, drying conditions in bulk and at
    heated air‐water interfaces, 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides oligomerised without additional
    catalyst, forming up to 10‐mers within a day. The oligomerisation proceeded at
    a pH range of 7–12, at temperatures between 40–80 °C and was marginally enhanced
    by K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ions. Among the canonical ribonucleotides, cGMP oligomerised
    most efficiently. Quantification was performed using HPLC coupled to ESI‐TOF by
    fitting the isotope distribution to the mass spectra. Our study suggests a oligomerisation
    mechanism where cGMP aids the incorporation of the relatively unreactive nucleotides
    C, A and U. The 2′,3′‐cyclic ribonucleotides are byproducts of prebiotic phosphorylation,
    nucleotide syntheses and RNA hydrolysis, indicating direct recycling pathways.
    The simple reaction condition offers a plausible entry point for RNA to the evolution
    of life on early Earth.
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Ulrich Gerland, Tobias Göppel, Joachim Rosenberger
  and Bernhard Altaner for their helpful remarks and discussions; Thomas Matreux,
  Alexandra Kühnlein, Noël Yeh Martin and Maximilian Weingart for comments on the
  manuscript. The authors thank J. Kussmann (LMU Munich) for providing a development
  version of the FermiONs++ program package. Financial support was provided by the
  European Research Council (ERC Evotrap, grant no. 787356, the Simons Foundation
  (grant no. 327125), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
  – Project-ID 364653263 – TRR 235 (CRC 235), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC-2094
  – 390783311, and the Center for NanoScience. Open Access funding enabled and organized
  by Projekt DEAL.
article_number: e202200026
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Avinash Vicholous
  full_name: Dass, Avinash Vicholous
  last_name: Dass
- first_name: Sreekar
  full_name: Wunnava, Sreekar
  last_name: Wunnava
- first_name: Juliette
  full_name: Langlais, Juliette
  last_name: Langlais
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: von der Esch, Beatriz
  last_name: von der Esch
- first_name: Maik
  full_name: Krusche, Maik
  last_name: Krusche
- first_name: Lennard
  full_name: Ufer, Lennard
  last_name: Ufer
- first_name: Nico
  full_name: Chrisam, Nico
  last_name: Chrisam
- first_name: Romeo C. A.
  full_name: Dubini, Romeo C. A.
  last_name: Dubini
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Gartner, Florian
  last_name: Gartner
- first_name: Severin
  full_name: Angerpointner, Severin
  last_name: Angerpointner
- first_name: Christina F.
  full_name: Dirscherl, Christina F.
  last_name: Dirscherl
- first_name: Petra
  full_name: Rovo, Petra
  id: c316e53f-b965-11eb-b128-bb26acc59c00
  last_name: Rovo
  orcid: 0000-0001-8729-7326
- first_name: Christof B.
  full_name: Mast, Christof B.
  last_name: Mast
- first_name: Judit E.
  full_name: Šponer, Judit E.
  last_name: Šponer
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Ochsenfeld, Christian
  last_name: Ochsenfeld
- first_name: Erwin
  full_name: Frey, Erwin
  last_name: Frey
- first_name: Dieter
  full_name: Braun, Dieter
  last_name: Braun
citation:
  ama: Dass AV, Wunnava S, Langlais J, et al. RNA oligomerisation without added catalyst
    from 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides by drying at air-water interfaces. <i>ChemSystemsChem</i>.
    2023;5(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026">10.1002/syst.202200026</a>
  apa: Dass, A. V., Wunnava, S., Langlais, J., von der Esch, B., Krusche, M., Ufer,
    L., … Braun, D. (2023). RNA oligomerisation without added catalyst from 2′,3′‐cyclic
    nucleotides by drying at air-water interfaces. <i>ChemSystemsChem</i>. Wiley.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026">https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026</a>
  chicago: Dass, Avinash Vicholous, Sreekar Wunnava, Juliette Langlais, Beatriz von
    der Esch, Maik Krusche, Lennard Ufer, Nico Chrisam, et al. “RNA Oligomerisation
    without Added Catalyst from 2′,3′‐cyclic Nucleotides by Drying at Air-Water Interfaces.”
    <i>ChemSystemsChem</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026">https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026</a>.
  ieee: A. V. Dass <i>et al.</i>, “RNA oligomerisation without added catalyst from
    2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides by drying at air-water interfaces,” <i>ChemSystemsChem</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1. Wiley, 2023.
  ista: Dass AV, Wunnava S, Langlais J, von der Esch B, Krusche M, Ufer L, Chrisam
    N, Dubini RCA, Gartner F, Angerpointner S, Dirscherl CF, Rovo P, Mast CB, Šponer
    JE, Ochsenfeld C, Frey E, Braun D. 2023. RNA oligomerisation without added catalyst
    from 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides by drying at air-water interfaces. ChemSystemsChem.
    5(1), e202200026.
  mla: Dass, Avinash Vicholous, et al. “RNA Oligomerisation without Added Catalyst
    from 2′,3′‐cyclic Nucleotides by Drying at Air-Water Interfaces.” <i>ChemSystemsChem</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1, e202200026, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202200026">10.1002/syst.202200026</a>.
  short: A.V. Dass, S. Wunnava, J. Langlais, B. von der Esch, M. Krusche, L. Ufer,
    N. Chrisam, R.C.A. Dubini, F. Gartner, S. Angerpointner, C.F. Dirscherl, P. Rovo,
    C.B. Mast, J.E. Šponer, C. Ochsenfeld, E. Frey, D. Braun, ChemSystemsChem 5 (2023).
date_created: 2024-05-29T06:13:48Z
date_published: 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-10T11:51:15Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: NMR
doi: 10.1002/syst.202200026
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: ChemSystemsChem
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2570-4206
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: RNA oligomerisation without added catalyst from 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides by
  drying at air-water interfaces
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
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