--- OA_type: closed access _id: '20868' abstract: - lang: eng text: Residents of low-latitude megacities face growing vulnerability to humid-heat stress under urbanization and global warming, yet limited research has assessed the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders (MBDs) linked to humid-heat exposures in these cities. Here we quantify the hospital admissions of MBDs in Shanghai, a megacity of over 25 million inhabitants, attributable to humid heat, and project future burdens under various greenhouse gas (GHG)-emission and population scenarios. Humid heat drives a higher morbidity burden than high temperature alone, especially in humid-heat nights. Without population change, the humid-heat-related morbidity burden of MBDs would increase by 68.2% (95% empirical confidence interval 56.7%–81.6%) under the highest-GHG-emission scenario by the 2090s, while 8,465 (95% empirical confidence interval 6,928–10,053) cases would be avoided by reducing emissions to the lowest pathway. With projected population decline, the attributable hospital admissions will decrease toward century’s end. These findings highlight the benefit of GHG mitigation in reducing the growing MBD risks posed by extreme humid heat. acknowledgement: 'This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 42288101 and 42175066) and Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project (grant 21230780200). G.S. is supported by the China Brain Project (grant 2025ZD0215100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 82150710554), the Chinese National Key Project (grant 2023YFE0199700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant W2541022) and the EC Horizon Europe: environMENTAL project.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Chen full_name: Liang, Chen last_name: Liang - first_name: Jiacan full_name: Yuan, Jiacan last_name: Yuan - first_name: Renhe full_name: Zhang, Renhe last_name: Zhang - first_name: Xu full_name: Tang, Xu last_name: Tang - first_name: Gunter full_name: Schumann, Gunter last_name: Schumann - first_name: Esther full_name: Hitchen, Esther last_name: Hitchen - first_name: Elli full_name: Polemiti, Elli last_name: Polemiti - first_name: Emin full_name: Serin, Emin last_name: Serin - first_name: Hedi full_name: Kebir, Hedi last_name: Kebir - first_name: Tristram A. full_name: Lett, Tristram A. last_name: Lett - first_name: Nilakshi full_name: Vaidya, Nilakshi last_name: Vaidya - first_name: Jean-Charles full_name: Roy, Jean-Charles last_name: Roy - first_name: Henrik full_name: Walter, Henrik last_name: Walter - first_name: Andreas full_name: Heinz, Andreas last_name: Heinz - first_name: Markus full_name: Ralser, Markus last_name: Ralser - first_name: Sven full_name: Twardziok, Sven last_name: Twardziok - first_name: Roland full_name: Eils, Roland last_name: Eils - first_name: Marcel full_name: Jentsch, Marcel last_name: Jentsch - first_name: Ulrike-Helene full_name: Taron, Ulrike-Helene last_name: Taron - first_name: Tatjana full_name: Schütz, Tatjana last_name: Schütz - first_name: Kerstin full_name: Schepanski, Kerstin last_name: Schepanski - first_name: Tobias full_name: Banaschewski, Tobias last_name: Banaschewski - first_name: Maja full_name: Neidhart, Maja last_name: Neidhart - first_name: Andreas full_name: Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas last_name: Meyer-Lindenberg - first_name: Heike full_name: Tost, Heike last_name: Tost - first_name: Nathalie full_name: Holz, Nathalie last_name: Holz - first_name: Emanuel full_name: Schwarz, Emanuel last_name: Schwarz - first_name: Argyris full_name: Stringaris, Argyris last_name: Stringaris - first_name: Nina full_name: Christmann, Nina last_name: Christmann - first_name: Karina full_name: Janson, Karina last_name: Janson - first_name: Frauke full_name: Nees, Frauke last_name: Nees - first_name: Maja full_name: Neidhart, Maja last_name: Neidhart - first_name: Beke full_name: Seefried, Beke last_name: Seefried - first_name: Rieke full_name: Aden, Rieke last_name: Aden - first_name: Ole A. full_name: Andreassen, Ole A. last_name: Andreassen - first_name: Lars T. full_name: Westlye, Lars T. last_name: Westlye - first_name: Dennis full_name: van der Meer, Dennis last_name: van der Meer - first_name: Sara full_name: Fernández-Cabello, Sara last_name: Fernández-Cabello - first_name: Rikka full_name: Kjelkenes, Rikka last_name: Kjelkenes - first_name: Helga full_name: Ask, Helga last_name: Ask - first_name: Michael full_name: Rapp, Michael last_name: Rapp - first_name: Mira full_name: Tschorn, Mira last_name: Tschorn - first_name: Sarah Jane full_name: Böttger, Sarah Jane last_name: Böttger - first_name: Andre full_name: Marquand, Andre last_name: Marquand - first_name: Antoine full_name: Bernas, Antoine last_name: Bernas - first_name: Gaia full_name: Novarino, Gaia id: 3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Novarino orcid: 0000-0002-7673-7178 - first_name: Mel full_name: Slater, Mel last_name: Slater - first_name: Jaime full_name: Gallego, Jaime last_name: Gallego - first_name: Álvaro full_name: Pastor, Álvaro last_name: Pastor - first_name: Guillem full_name: Feixas, Guillem last_name: Feixas - first_name: Francisco José full_name: Eiroa-Orosa, Francisco José last_name: Eiroa-Orosa - first_name: Markus M. full_name: Nöthen, Markus M. last_name: Nöthen - first_name: Andreas J. full_name: Forstner, Andreas J. last_name: Forstner - first_name: Isabelle full_name: Claus, Isabelle last_name: Claus - first_name: Carina full_name: Mathey, Carina last_name: Mathey - first_name: Stefanie full_name: Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie last_name: Heilmann-Heimbach - first_name: Per full_name: Hoffmann, Per last_name: Hoffmann - first_name: Abigail full_name: Miller, Abigail last_name: Miller - first_name: Peter full_name: Sommer, Peter last_name: Sommer - first_name: Karen full_name: Schmitt, Karen last_name: Schmitt - first_name: Johannes full_name: Wilbertz, Johannes last_name: Wilbertz - first_name: Myrto full_name: Patraskaki, Myrto last_name: Patraskaki - first_name: Viktor full_name: Jirsa, Viktor last_name: Jirsa - first_name: Spase full_name: Petkoski, Spase last_name: Petkoski - first_name: Anastasios-Polykarpos full_name: Athanasiadis, Anastasios-Polykarpos last_name: Athanasiadis - first_name: Bernhard full_name: Spanlang, Bernhard last_name: Spanlang - first_name: Charlie full_name: Pearmund, Charlie last_name: Pearmund - first_name: Sören full_name: Hese, Sören last_name: Hese - first_name: Paul full_name: Renner, Paul last_name: Renner - first_name: Tianye full_name: Jia, Tianye last_name: Jia - first_name: Xiao full_name: Chang, Xiao last_name: Chang - first_name: Yuxiang full_name: Dai, Yuxiang last_name: Dai - first_name: Yunman full_name: Xia, Yunman last_name: Xia - first_name: Yuzhu full_name: Li, Yuzhu last_name: Li - first_name: Yanqing full_name: Zhang, Yanqing last_name: Zhang - first_name: Vince full_name: Calhoun, Vince last_name: Calhoun - first_name: Paul full_name: Thompson, Paul last_name: Thompson - first_name: Nicholas full_name: Clinton, Nicholas last_name: Clinton - first_name: Sylvane full_name: Desrivières, Sylvane last_name: Desrivières - first_name: Kofoworola full_name: Agunbiade, Kofoworola last_name: Agunbiade - first_name: Xinyang full_name: Yu, Xinyang last_name: Yu - first_name: Zuo full_name: Zhang, Zuo last_name: Zhang - first_name: Di full_name: Chen, Di last_name: Chen - first_name: Allan H. full_name: Young, Allan H. last_name: Young - first_name: Ameli full_name: Schwalber, Ameli last_name: Schwalber - first_name: Vanessa full_name: Köhler, Vanessa last_name: Köhler - first_name: Bernd full_name: Stahl, Bernd last_name: Stahl - first_name: George full_name: Ogoh, George last_name: Ogoh - first_name: Tamara full_name: Schikowski, Tamara last_name: Schikowski - first_name: Ragnhild full_name: Brandlistuen, Ragnhild last_name: Brandlistuen citation: ama: Liang C, Yuan J, Zhang R, et al. Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai. Nature Mental Health. 2025;3(12):1532-1544. doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00519-y apa: Liang, C., Yuan, J., Zhang, R., Tang, X., Schumann, G., Hitchen, E., … Brandlistuen, R. (2025). Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai. Nature Mental Health. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00519-y chicago: Liang, Chen, Jiacan Yuan, Renhe Zhang, Xu Tang, Gunter Schumann, Esther Hitchen, Elli Polemiti, et al. “Projecting the Morbidity Burden of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Increasing Humid Heat in Shanghai.” Nature Mental Health. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00519-y. ieee: C. Liang et al., “Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai,” Nature Mental Health, vol. 3, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 1532–1544, 2025. ista: Liang C, Yuan J, Zhang R, Tang X, Schumann G, Hitchen E, Polemiti E, Serin E, Kebir H, Lett TA, Vaidya N, Roy J-C, Walter H, Heinz A, Ralser M, Twardziok S, Eils R, Jentsch M, Taron U-H, Schütz T, Schepanski K, Banaschewski T, Neidhart M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H, Holz N, Schwarz E, Stringaris A, Christmann N, Janson K, Nees F, Neidhart M, Seefried B, Aden R, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, van der Meer D, Fernández-Cabello S, Kjelkenes R, Ask H, Rapp M, Tschorn M, Böttger SJ, Marquand A, Bernas A, Novarino G, Slater M, Gallego J, Pastor Á, Feixas G, Eiroa-Orosa FJ, Nöthen MM, Forstner AJ, Claus I, Mathey C, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hoffmann P, Miller A, Sommer P, Schmitt K, Wilbertz J, Patraskaki M, Jirsa V, Petkoski S, Athanasiadis A-P, Spanlang B, Pearmund C, Hese S, Renner P, Jia T, Chang X, Dai Y, Xia Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Calhoun V, Thompson P, Clinton N, Desrivières S, Agunbiade K, Yu X, Zhang Z, Chen D, Young AH, Schwalber A, Köhler V, Stahl B, Ogoh G, Schikowski T, Brandlistuen R. 2025. Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai. Nature Mental Health. 3(12), 1532–1544. mla: Liang, Chen, et al. “Projecting the Morbidity Burden of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Increasing Humid Heat in Shanghai.” Nature Mental Health, vol. 3, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1532–44, doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00519-y. short: C. Liang, J. Yuan, R. Zhang, X. Tang, G. Schumann, E. Hitchen, E. Polemiti, E. Serin, H. Kebir, T.A. Lett, N. Vaidya, J.-C. Roy, H. Walter, A. Heinz, M. Ralser, S. Twardziok, R. Eils, M. Jentsch, U.-H. Taron, T. Schütz, K. Schepanski, T. Banaschewski, M. Neidhart, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, H. Tost, N. Holz, E. Schwarz, A. Stringaris, N. Christmann, K. Janson, F. Nees, M. Neidhart, B. Seefried, R. Aden, O.A. Andreassen, L.T. Westlye, D. van der Meer, S. Fernández-Cabello, R. Kjelkenes, H. Ask, M. Rapp, M. Tschorn, S.J. Böttger, A. Marquand, A. Bernas, G. Novarino, M. Slater, J. Gallego, Á. Pastor, G. Feixas, F.J. Eiroa-Orosa, M.M. Nöthen, A.J. Forstner, I. Claus, C. Mathey, S. Heilmann-Heimbach, P. Hoffmann, A. Miller, P. Sommer, K. Schmitt, J. Wilbertz, M. Patraskaki, V. Jirsa, S. Petkoski, A.-P. Athanasiadis, B. Spanlang, C. Pearmund, S. Hese, P. Renner, T. Jia, X. Chang, Y. Dai, Y. Xia, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, V. Calhoun, P. Thompson, N. Clinton, S. Desrivières, K. Agunbiade, X. Yu, Z. Zhang, D. Chen, A.H. Young, A. Schwalber, V. Köhler, B. Stahl, G. Ogoh, T. Schikowski, R. Brandlistuen, Nature Mental Health 3 (2025) 1532–1544. date_created: 2025-12-29T12:11:28Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-01-05T12:02:29Z day: '01' department: - _id: GaNo doi: 10.1038/s44220-025-00519-y intvolume: ' 3' issue: '12' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 1532-1544 project: - _id: 349d1832-11ca-11ed-8bc3-d79b574010e0 grant_number: '101057429' name: Reducing the impact of major environmental challenges on mental health publication: Nature Mental Health publication_identifier: issn: - 2731-6076 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Projecting the morbidity burden of mental and behavioral disorders associated with increasing humid heat in Shanghai type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 3 year: '2025' ...