[{"das_tickbox":"1","page":"2413-2445","OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","author":[{"last_name":"Walker","full_name":"Walker, Anthony P.","first_name":"Anthony P."},{"full_name":"De Kauwe, Martin G.","first_name":"Martin G.","last_name":"De Kauwe"},{"first_name":"Ana","full_name":"Bastos, Ana","last_name":"Bastos"},{"first_name":"Soumaya","full_name":"Belmecheri, Soumaya","last_name":"Belmecheri"},{"full_name":"Georgiou, Katerina","first_name":"Katerina","last_name":"Georgiou"},{"first_name":"Ralph F.","full_name":"Keeling, Ralph F.","last_name":"Keeling"},{"last_name":"McMahon","full_name":"McMahon, Sean M.","first_name":"Sean M."},{"full_name":"Medlyn, Belinda E.","first_name":"Belinda E.","last_name":"Medlyn"},{"last_name":"Moore","first_name":"David J. P.","full_name":"Moore, David J. P."},{"first_name":"Richard J.","full_name":"Norby, Richard J.","last_name":"Norby"},{"full_name":"Zaehle, Sönke","first_name":"Sönke","last_name":"Zaehle"},{"full_name":"Anderson‐Teixeira, Kristina J.","first_name":"Kristina J.","last_name":"Anderson‐Teixeira"},{"first_name":"Giovanna","full_name":"Battipaglia, Giovanna","last_name":"Battipaglia"},{"full_name":"Brienen, Roel J. W.","first_name":"Roel J. W.","last_name":"Brienen"},{"full_name":"Cabugao, Kristine G.","first_name":"Kristine G.","last_name":"Cabugao"},{"first_name":"Maxime","full_name":"Cailleret, Maxime","last_name":"Cailleret"},{"last_name":"Campbell","first_name":"Elliott","full_name":"Campbell, Elliott"},{"full_name":"Canadell, Josep G.","first_name":"Josep G.","last_name":"Canadell"},{"first_name":"Philippe","full_name":"Ciais, Philippe","last_name":"Ciais"},{"last_name":"Craig","first_name":"Matthew E.","full_name":"Craig, Matthew E."},{"full_name":"Ellsworth, David S.","first_name":"David S.","last_name":"Ellsworth"},{"full_name":"Farquhar, Graham D.","first_name":"Graham D.","last_name":"Farquhar"},{"id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","last_name":"Fatichi","first_name":"Simone","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"last_name":"Fisher","first_name":"Joshua B.","full_name":"Fisher, Joshua B."},{"full_name":"Frank, David C.","first_name":"David C.","last_name":"Frank"},{"last_name":"Graven","first_name":"Heather","full_name":"Graven, Heather"},{"last_name":"Gu","full_name":"Gu, Lianhong","first_name":"Lianhong"},{"full_name":"Haverd, Vanessa","first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Haverd"},{"last_name":"Heilman","full_name":"Heilman, Kelly","first_name":"Kelly"},{"last_name":"Heimann","full_name":"Heimann, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Hungate","first_name":"Bruce A.","full_name":"Hungate, Bruce A."},{"first_name":"Colleen M.","full_name":"Iversen, Colleen M.","last_name":"Iversen"},{"first_name":"Fortunat","full_name":"Joos, Fortunat","last_name":"Joos"},{"last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Mingkai","full_name":"Jiang, Mingkai"},{"full_name":"Keenan, Trevor F.","first_name":"Trevor F.","last_name":"Keenan"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","full_name":"Knauer, Jürgen","last_name":"Knauer"},{"last_name":"Körner","full_name":"Körner, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"last_name":"Leshyk","full_name":"Leshyk, Victor O.","first_name":"Victor O."},{"last_name":"Leuzinger","first_name":"Sebastian","full_name":"Leuzinger, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Liu, Yao","first_name":"Yao","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"MacBean","first_name":"Natasha","full_name":"MacBean, Natasha"},{"first_name":"Yadvinder","full_name":"Malhi, Yadvinder","last_name":"Malhi"},{"first_name":"Tim R.","full_name":"McVicar, Tim R.","last_name":"McVicar"},{"first_name":"Josep","full_name":"Penuelas, Josep","last_name":"Penuelas"},{"last_name":"Pongratz","first_name":"Julia","full_name":"Pongratz, Julia"},{"first_name":"A. Shafer","full_name":"Powell, A. Shafer","last_name":"Powell"},{"last_name":"Riutta","first_name":"Terhi","full_name":"Riutta, Terhi"},{"last_name":"Sabot","first_name":"Manon E. B.","full_name":"Sabot, Manon E. B."},{"full_name":"Schleucher, Juergen","first_name":"Juergen","last_name":"Schleucher"},{"last_name":"Sitch","full_name":"Sitch, Stephen","first_name":"Stephen"},{"last_name":"Smith","first_name":"William K.","full_name":"Smith, William K."},{"last_name":"Sulman","full_name":"Sulman, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Benton","full_name":"Taylor, Benton","last_name":"Taylor"},{"first_name":"César","full_name":"Terrer, César","last_name":"Terrer"},{"full_name":"Torn, Margaret S.","first_name":"Margaret S.","last_name":"Torn"},{"first_name":"Kathleen K.","full_name":"Treseder, Kathleen K.","last_name":"Treseder"},{"last_name":"Trugman","full_name":"Trugman, Anna T.","first_name":"Anna T."},{"first_name":"Susan E.","full_name":"Trumbore, Susan E.","last_name":"Trumbore"},{"last_name":"van Mantgem","full_name":"van Mantgem, Phillip J.","first_name":"Phillip J."},{"first_name":"Steve L.","full_name":"Voelker, Steve L.","last_name":"Voelker"},{"first_name":"Mary E.","full_name":"Whelan, Mary E.","last_name":"Whelan"},{"full_name":"Zuidema, Pieter A.","first_name":"Pieter A.","last_name":"Zuidema"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","OA_type":"free access","pmid":1,"volume":229,"publication":"New Phytologist","publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866","issue":"5","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       229","year":"2021","extern":"1","status":"public","oa":1,"date_published":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:24Z","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866"}],"scopus_import":"1","month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","doi":"10.1111/nph.16866","citation":{"ama":"Walker AP, De Kauwe MG, Bastos A, et al. Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. <i>New Phytologist</i>. 2021;229(5):2413-2445. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866\">10.1111/nph.16866</a>","short":"A.P. Walker, M.G. De Kauwe, A. Bastos, S. Belmecheri, K. Georgiou, R.F. Keeling, S.M. McMahon, B.E. Medlyn, D.J.P. Moore, R.J. Norby, S. Zaehle, K.J. Anderson‐Teixeira, G. Battipaglia, R.J.W. Brienen, K.G. Cabugao, M. Cailleret, E. Campbell, J.G. Canadell, P. Ciais, M.E. Craig, D.S. Ellsworth, G.D. Farquhar, S. Fatichi, J.B. Fisher, D.C. Frank, H. Graven, L. Gu, V. Haverd, K. Heilman, M. Heimann, B.A. Hungate, C.M. Iversen, F. Joos, M. Jiang, T.F. Keenan, J. Knauer, C. Körner, V.O. Leshyk, S. Leuzinger, Y. Liu, N. MacBean, Y. Malhi, T.R. McVicar, J. Penuelas, J. Pongratz, A.S. Powell, T. Riutta, M.E.B. Sabot, J. Schleucher, S. Sitch, W.K. Smith, B. Sulman, B. Taylor, C. Terrer, M.S. Torn, K.K. Treseder, A.T. Trugman, S.E. Trumbore, P.J. van Mantgem, S.L. Voelker, M.E. Whelan, P.A. Zuidema, New Phytologist 229 (2021) 2413–2445.","chicago":"Walker, Anthony P., Martin G. De Kauwe, Ana Bastos, Soumaya Belmecheri, Katerina Georgiou, Ralph F. Keeling, Sean M. McMahon, et al. “Integrating the Evidence for a Terrestrial Carbon Sink Caused by Increasing Atmospheric CO2.” <i>New Phytologist</i>. Wiley, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866\">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866</a>.","ista":"Walker AP, De Kauwe MG, Bastos A, Belmecheri S, Georgiou K, Keeling RF, McMahon SM, Medlyn BE, Moore DJP, Norby RJ, Zaehle S, Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Battipaglia G, Brienen RJW, Cabugao KG, Cailleret M, Campbell E, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Craig ME, Ellsworth DS, Farquhar GD, Fatichi S, Fisher JB, Frank DC, Graven H, Gu L, Haverd V, Heilman K, Heimann M, Hungate BA, Iversen CM, Joos F, Jiang M, Keenan TF, Knauer J, Körner C, Leshyk VO, Leuzinger S, Liu Y, MacBean N, Malhi Y, McVicar TR, Penuelas J, Pongratz J, Powell AS, Riutta T, Sabot MEB, Schleucher J, Sitch S, Smith WK, Sulman B, Taylor B, Terrer C, Torn MS, Treseder KK, Trugman AT, Trumbore SE, van Mantgem PJ, Voelker SL, Whelan ME, Zuidema PA. 2021. Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. New Phytologist. 229(5), 2413–2445.","ieee":"A. P. Walker <i>et al.</i>, “Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2,” <i>New Phytologist</i>, vol. 229, no. 5. Wiley, pp. 2413–2445, 2021.","apa":"Walker, A. P., De Kauwe, M. G., Bastos, A., Belmecheri, S., Georgiou, K., Keeling, R. F., … Zuidema, P. A. (2021). Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. <i>New Phytologist</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866\">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866</a>","mla":"Walker, Anthony P., et al. “Integrating the Evidence for a Terrestrial Carbon Sink Caused by Increasing Atmospheric CO2.” <i>New Phytologist</i>, vol. 229, no. 5, Wiley, 2021, pp. 2413–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16866\">10.1111/nph.16866</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) is increasing, which increases leaf-scalephotosynthesis and intrinsic water-use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential toincrease plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from theatmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sinkwould slow the rate of [CO 2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global changeand evidence for a [CO 2]-driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here wesynthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO 2](iCO 2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in globalphotosynthesis since pre-industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments,indicates that iCO 2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting,atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparentiCO 2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plantmortality and soil carbon iCO 2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidencesupports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2 , albeit with uncertain magnitudeand strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-646X"],"eissn":["1469-8137"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","keyword":["Beta factor","Carbon dioxide","CO2 fertilization","CO2-fertilization hypothesis","Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)","Global carbon cycle","Land–atmosphere feedback","Terrestrial ecosystems"],"external_id":{"pmid":["32789857"]},"_id":"22570","publisher":"Wiley","date_updated":"2026-08-06T08:39:39Z","title":"Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2"},{"date_published":"2013-06-15T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:23Z","type":"journal_article","extern":"1","year":"2013","status":"public","publication":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005","publication_status":"published","volume":"174-175","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"closed access","article_type":"original","day":"15","author":[{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","first_name":"Simone","id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","full_name":"Leuzinger, Sebastian","last_name":"Leuzinger"}],"page":"144-157","das_tickbox":"1","title":"Reconciling observations with modeling: The fate of water and carbon allocation in a mature deciduous forest exposed to elevated CO2","date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:59:36Z","publisher":"Elsevier","_id":"22476","keyword":["Ecohydrological modeling","Plant water relations","FACE experiments","Forest productivity","CO2 enrichment","Swiss Canopy Crane"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0168-1923"],"eissn":["1873-2240"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Projections of the future carbon and water cycles rely on knowledge on how forests will respond to rising atmospheric CO2. Experiments with elevated CO2 are logistically challenging and carbon pools and fluxes are difficult to measure and upscale due to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Therefore, it is important to combine the knowledge derived from experimental results with modeling. Here, we systematically compare data from a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in a mature deciduous forest in Switzerland with realizations from an ecohydrological model (Tethys–Chloris). We test whether a mechanistic ecohydrological model is able to simulate physiological plant responses under ambient and elevated CO2 concentration. We overcome measurement limitations by quantifying differences in response to ambient and elevated CO2 over ten years. The reliability of model realizations is demonstrated by comparing simulations with field observations of stomatal conductance, sap flow, leaf and fruit litter, and stem growth. The model successfully captures the observed CO2-induced difference in stomatal conductance and transpiration and its sensitivity to atmospheric demand, as well as qualitative changes in soil moisture. The simulated differences between CO2 scenarios generally fall within the uncertainty of experimental observations, both for the carbon and water balance. Simulated total evapotranspiration is 2.8% (18 mm yr−1) lower and soil moisture 1.2% higher in the CO2-enriched scenario. Latent and sensible heat are modified by ca. 1 W m−2. Net primary production is simulated to increase by 19.8% and allocation to stem growth is 53 gC yr−1 m−2 higher in the elevated CO2 scenario, which represents the limit of the detection threshold of the experiment. Results show that while ecohydrological models can be used to reliably simulate multi-year energy, water, and carbon fluxes at the stand level, testing carbon allocation remains critical with current accuracy of field measurements. Uncertainties due to the simplified carbon allocation scheme are shown to be more significant for carbon than for energy and water fluxes. Generally, we conclude that for this type of forest, differences in annual energy and water fluxes induced by elevated CO2 are likely to be less than 10%."}],"doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005","citation":{"chicago":"Fatichi, Simone, and Sebastian Leuzinger. “Reconciling Observations with Modeling: The Fate of Water and Carbon Allocation in a Mature Deciduous Forest Exposed to Elevated CO2.” <i>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</i>. Elsevier, 2013. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005</a>.","short":"S. Fatichi, S. Leuzinger, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 174–175 (2013) 144–157.","ama":"Fatichi S, Leuzinger S. Reconciling observations with modeling: The fate of water and carbon allocation in a mature deciduous forest exposed to elevated CO2. <i>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</i>. 2013;174-175:144-157. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005\">10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005</a>","ieee":"S. Fatichi and S. Leuzinger, “Reconciling observations with modeling: The fate of water and carbon allocation in a mature deciduous forest exposed to elevated CO2,” <i>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</i>, vol. 174–175. Elsevier, pp. 144–157, 2013.","ista":"Fatichi S, Leuzinger S. 2013. Reconciling observations with modeling: The fate of water and carbon allocation in a mature deciduous forest exposed to elevated CO2. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 174–175, 144–157.","mla":"Fatichi, Simone, and Sebastian Leuzinger. “Reconciling Observations with Modeling: The Fate of Water and Carbon Allocation in a Mature Deciduous Forest Exposed to Elevated CO2.” <i>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</i>, vol. 174–175, Elsevier, 2013, pp. 144–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005\">10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005</a>.","apa":"Fatichi, S., &#38; Leuzinger, S. (2013). Reconciling observations with modeling: The fate of water and carbon allocation in a mature deciduous forest exposed to elevated CO2. <i>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.02.005</a>"},"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","month":"06","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None"}]