---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '22622'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cooperative software verification aims at improving the effectiveness and
efficiency of software verification by enabling multiple verification tools to
work together. Existing cooperative verification schemes, however, typically require
specialized interfaces or tight integration, limiting their practical applicability.
In our International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) 2025 publication,
we introduce dynamic program splitting – a novel approach that enables cooperation
between off-the-shelf verification tools without requiring any modifications.
The key idea is to probe verification tools on a given verification task under
a time limit and split tasks dynamically that cannot be verified under the given
time constraints. The process continues recursively, incrementally identifying
program parts that are particularly hard for the given verifier. The remaining
unverified parts are provided to a second verifier, allowing to leverage the complementary
strengths of different tools. Our evaluation on SV-COMP benchmarks demonstrates
that cooperation through dynamic program splitting enables the verification of
tasks that none of the individual verifiers can solve on their own.
alternative_title:
- Lecture Notes in Informatics
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Cedric
full_name: Richter, Cedric
last_name: Richter
- first_name: Marek
full_name: Chalupa, Marek
id: 87e34708-d6c6-11ec-9f5b-9391e7be2463
last_name: Chalupa
- first_name: Marie Christine
full_name: Jakobs, Marie Christine
last_name: Jakobs
- first_name: Heike
full_name: Wehrheim, Heike
last_name: Wehrheim
citation:
ama: 'Richter C, Chalupa M, Jakobs MC, Wehrheim H. Off-the-Shelf cooperative software
verification by splitting programs dynamically. In: Software Engineering 2026.
Vol P-377. Gesellschaft für Informatik; 2026:41-42. doi:10.18420/se2026_45'
apa: 'Richter, C., Chalupa, M., Jakobs, M. C., & Wehrheim, H. (2026). Off-the-Shelf
cooperative software verification by splitting programs dynamically. In Software
Engineering 2026 (Vol. P-377, pp. 41–42). Bonn, Switzerland: Gesellschaft
für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.18420/se2026_45'
chicago: Richter, Cedric, Marek Chalupa, Marie Christine Jakobs, and Heike Wehrheim.
“Off-the-Shelf Cooperative Software Verification by Splitting Programs Dynamically.”
In Software Engineering 2026, P-377:41–42. Gesellschaft für Informatik,
2026. https://doi.org/10.18420/se2026_45.
ieee: C. Richter, M. Chalupa, M. C. Jakobs, and H. Wehrheim, “Off-the-Shelf cooperative
software verification by splitting programs dynamically,” in Software Engineering
2026, Bonn, Switzerland, 2026, vol. P-377, pp. 41–42.
ista: 'Richter C, Chalupa M, Jakobs MC, Wehrheim H. 2026. Off-the-Shelf cooperative
software verification by splitting programs dynamically. Software Engineering
2026. SE: Software Engineering, Lecture Notes in Informatics, vol. P-377, 41–42.'
mla: Richter, Cedric, et al. “Off-the-Shelf Cooperative Software Verification by
Splitting Programs Dynamically.” Software Engineering 2026, vol. P-377,
Gesellschaft für Informatik, 2026, pp. 41–42, doi:10.18420/se2026_45.
short: C. Richter, M. Chalupa, M.C. Jakobs, H. Wehrheim, in:, Software Engineering
2026, Gesellschaft für Informatik, 2026, pp. 41–42.
conference:
end_date: 2026-02-27
location: Bonn, Switzerland
name: 'SE: Software Engineering'
start_date: 2026-02-23
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "All our implementations and data are archived and available
at Zenodo5\r\nand are evaluated as an artifact in the ICSE 2025 artifact evaluation.
Furthermore, our\r\napproach is integrated into the software verifier Bubaak [CR25]
which we submitted as\r\npart of our contribution to SV-COMP 2025."
date_created: 2026-08-02T22:01:54Z
date_published: 2026-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-19T08:49:32Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.18420/se2026_45
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.18420/se2026_45
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Software Verification
- Cooperation
- Program Decomposition
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 41-42
publication: Software Engineering 2026
publication_identifier:
eissn:
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publication_status: published
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title: Off-the-Shelf cooperative software verification by splitting programs dynamically
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volume: P-377
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...
---
_id: '20471'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Sick individuals often conceal their disease status to group members, thereby
preventing social exclusion or aggression. Here we show by behavioural, chemical,
immunological and infection load analyses that sick ant pupae instead actively
emit a chemical signal that in itself is sufficient to trigger their own destruction
by colony members. In our experiments, this altruistic disease-signalling was
performed only by worker but not queen pupae. The lack of signalling by queen
pupae did not constitute cheating behaviour, but reflected their superior immune
capabilities. Worker pupae suffered from extensive pathogen replication whereas
queen pupae were able to restrain their infection. Our data suggest the evolution
of a finely-tuned signalling system in which it is not the induction of an individual’s
immune response, but rather its failure to overcome the infection, that triggers
pupal signalling for sacrifice. This demonstrates a balanced interplay between
individual and social immunity that efficiently achieves whole-colony health. '
acknowledgement: 'We thank Joergen Eilenberg and Nicolai V. Meyling for the fungal
strain, and the ISTA Social Immunity team, Jonghyun Park and Yuko Ulrich for ant
collection. We also thank the Social Immunity team, in particular David Moreno Martínez,
Tanvi Madaan, Wilfrid Jean Louis and Jessica Kirchner, for experimental and molecular
support, as well as Friedrich Fochler for technical support with the chemical analysis,
and the ISTA Lab Support Facility, including the mass spectrometry unit, for general
and chemical laboratory support. We further thank Marco Ribezzi for advice on 13C
calculations and Ernst Pittenauer for discussion of the chemical data, Chris Pull
and Michael Sixt for project discussion and the Social Immunity team for comments
on the manuscript. The study was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme (No. 771402;
EPIDEMICSonCHIP) to SC. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Cremer S. Altruistic disease signalling in ant colonies. 2025. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471
apa: Cremer, S. (2025). Altruistic disease signalling in ant colonies. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471
chicago: Cremer, Sylvia. “Altruistic Disease Signalling in Ant Colonies.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471.
ieee: S. Cremer, “Altruistic disease signalling in ant colonies.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2025.
ista: Cremer S. 2025. Altruistic disease signalling in ant colonies, Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471.
mla: Cremer, Sylvia. Altruistic Disease Signalling in Ant Colonies. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471.
short: S. Cremer, (2025).
contributor:
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id: 31B4E2D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Dawson
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last_name: Kampleitner
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last_name: Robb
- first_name: Farnaz
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last_name: Rajendran
- first_name: Thomas
last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-10-16T09:02:16Z
date_published: 2025-10-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-10T08:50:53Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
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doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471
ec_funded: 1
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20471
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- host-parasite interactions
- social insects
- social immunity
- chemical communication
- cooperation
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '771402'
name: Epidemics in ant societies on a chip
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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title: Altruistic disease signalling in ant colonies
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...