@article{21955,
  abstract     = {AgRP neurons cause hunger, the drive to seek and consume food. Their activation by fasting is key for survival and is thought to be triggered by feedback when energy stores are low. However, we know that environmental cues can also regulate AgRP neurons since cues that predict future food intake rapidly inhibit AgRP neurons, but is the converse true: can the prediction of future fasting rapidly activate AgRP neurons? Here, we show in mice that such rapid fasting activation of AgRP neurons does occur. This rapid activation is driven by excitatory input from paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) neurons expressing Sim2, which are bidirectionally sensitive to predictions of future energy state. Thus, cognitively processed contextual information conveyed by PVHSim2 neurons strongly activates AgRP neurons. Lastly, chronic silencing of PVHSim2 neurons causes persistent hypophagia. This PVHSim2-to-AgRP-neuron circuit, by anticipating and preventing negative energy balance, provides an important new dimension of hunger regulation.},
  author       = {Walker, Samuel J. and Lowenstein, Elijah D. and Douglass, Amelia May Barnett and Thomas, Callum M.P. and Madara, Joseph C. and Kucukdereli, Hakan and Barbosa-Meillon, Eunice A. and Tao, Jenkang and Resch, Jon M. and Lowell, Bradford B.},
  issn         = { 1097-4199},
  journal      = {Neuron},
  keywords     = {hunger, hypothalamus, AGRP neurons, neuroscience, metabolism, homeostasis, feeding, food intake, energy balance, appetite},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{A hypothalamic circuit for anticipating future changes in energy balance}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.neuron.2026.05.010},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{14733,
  abstract     = {Redox flow batteries (RFBs) rely on the development of cheap, highly soluble, and high-energy-density electrolytes. Several candidate quinones have already been investigated in the literature as two-electron anolytes or catholytes, benefiting from fast kinetics, high tunability, and low cost. Here, an investigation of nitrogen-rich fused heteroaromatic quinones was carried out to explore avenues for electrolyte development. These quinones were synthesized and screened by using electrochemical techniques. The most promising candidate, 4,8-dioxo-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis([1,2,3]triazole)-1,5-diide (−0.68 V(SHE)), was tested in both an asymmetric and symmetric full-cell setup resulting in capacity fade rates of 0.35% per cycle and 0.0124% per cycle, respectively. In situ ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were used to investigate the electrochemical stability of the charged species during operation. UV–Vis spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory (DFT) modeling, reaffirmed that the two-step charging mechanism observed during battery operation consisted of two, single-electron transfers. The radical concentration during battery operation and the degree of delocalization of the unpaired electron were quantified with NMR and EPR spectroscopy.},
  author       = {Jethwa, Rajesh B and Hey, Dominic and Kerber, Rachel N. and Bond, Andrew D. and Wright, Dominic S. and Grey, Clare P.},
  issn         = {2574-0962},
  journal      = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
  keywords     = {Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {414--426},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Exploring the landscape of heterocyclic quinones for redox flow batteries}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsaem.3c02223},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{14828,
  abstract     = {Production of hydrogen at large scale requires development of non-noble, inexpensive, and high-performing catalysts for constructing water-splitting devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure (ZnNiO) catalysts at room temperature via a coprecipitation method followed by drying (at 80 °C, 6 h) and calcination at an elevated temperature of 400 °C for 5 h under three distinct conditions, namely, air, N2, and vacuum. The vacuum-synthesized catalyst demonstrates a low overpotential of 88 mV at −10 mA cm–2 and a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec–1 suggesting relatively higher charge transfer kinetics for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) compared with the specimens synthesized under N2 or O2 atmosphere. It also demonstrates an oxygen evolution (OER) overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm–2 with a low Tafel slope of 63 mV dec–1. In a full-cell water-splitting device, the vacuum-synthesized ZnNiO heterostructure demonstrates a cell voltage of 1.94 V at 50 mA cm–2 and shows remarkable stability over 24 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm–2. It is also demonstrated in this study that Zn-doping, surface, and interface engineering in transition-metal oxides play a crucial role in efficient electrocatalytic water splitting. Also, the results obtained from density functional theory (DFT + U = 0–8 eV), where U is the on-site Coulomb repulsion parameter also known as Hubbard U, based electronic structure calculations confirm that Zn doping constructively modifies the electronic structure, in both the valence band and the conduction band, and found to be suitable in tailoring the carrier’s effective masses of electrons and holes. The decrease in electron’s effective masses together with large differences between the effective masses of electrons and holes is noticed, which is found to be mainly responsible for achieving the best water-splitting performance from a 9% Zn-doped NiO sample prepared under vacuum.},
  author       = {Kiran, Gundegowda Kalligowdanadoddi and Singh, Saurabh and Mahato, Neelima and Sreekanth, Thupakula Venkata Madhukar and Dillip, Gowra Raghupathy and Yoo, Kisoo and Kim, Jonghoon},
  issn         = {2574-0962},
  journal      = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
  keywords     = {Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {214--229},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Interface engineering modulation combined with electronic structure modification of Zn-doped NiO heterostructure for efficient water-splitting activity}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsaem.3c02519},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{14938,
  abstract     = {High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. 
Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. 
Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit.},
  author       = {Fugger, Stefan and Shaw, Thomas and Jouberton, Achille and Miles, Evan and Buri, Pascal and McCarthy, Michael and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fatichi, Simone and Kneib, Marin and Molnar, Peter and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{13277,
  abstract     = {Recent experimental advances have inspired the development of theoretical tools to describe the non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum systems. Among them an exact representation of quantum spin systems in terms of classical stochastic processes has been proposed. Here we provide first steps towards the extension of this stochastic approach to bosonic systems by considering the one-dimensional quantum quartic oscillator. We show how to exactly parameterize the time evolution of this prototypical model via the dynamics of a set of classical variables. We interpret these variables as stochastic processes, which allows us to propose a novel way to numerically simulate the time evolution of the system. We benchmark our findings by considering analytically solvable limits and providing alternative derivations of known results.},
  author       = {Tucci, Gennaro and De Nicola, Stefano and Wald, Sascha and Gambassi, Andrea},
  issn         = {2666-9366},
  journal      = {SciPost Physics Core},
  keywords     = {Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {SciPost Foundation},
  title        = {{Stochastic representation of the quantum quartic oscillator}},
  doi          = {10.21468/scipostphyscore.6.2.029},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{14753,
  abstract     = {Several fixed-target experiments reported J/ψ and ϒ polarizations, as functions of Feynman x (xF) and transverse momentum (PT), in three different frames, using different combinations of beam particles, target nuclei, and collision energies. Despite the diverse and heterogeneous picture formed by these measurements, a detailed look allows us to discern qualitative physical patterns that inspire a simple empirical model. This data-driven scenario offers a good quantitative description of the J/ψ and ϒ(1S) polarizations measured in proton- and pion-nucleus collisions, in the xF 0.5 domain: more than 80 data points (not statistically independent) are well reproduced with only one free parameter. This study sets the context for future low-PT
 quarkonium polarization measurements in proton- and pion-nucleus collisions, such as those to be made by the AMBER experiment, and shows that such measurements provide significant constraints on the poorly-known parton distribution functions of the pion.},
  author       = {Faccioli, Pietro and Krätschmer, Ilse and Lourenço, Carlos},
  issn         = {1873-2445},
  journal      = {Physics Letters B},
  keywords     = {Nuclear and High Energy Physics},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Low-pT quarkonium polarization measurements: Challenges and opportunities}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137871},
  volume       = {840},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{12133,
  abstract     = {Social distancing is an effective way to prevent the spread of disease in societies, whereas infection elimination is a key element of organismal immunity. Here, we discuss how the study of social insects such as ants — which form a superorganism of unconditionally cooperative individuals and thus represent a level of organization that is intermediate between a classical society of individuals and an organism of cells — can help to determine common principles of disease defence across levels of organization.},
  author       = {Cremer, Sylvia and Sixt, Michael K},
  issn         = {1474-1741},
  journal      = {Nature Reviews Immunology},
  keywords     = {Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fuel Technology},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {713--714},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y},
  volume       = {22},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12155,
  abstract     = {The growing demand of thermal management in various fields such as miniaturized 5G chips has motivated researchers to develop new and high-performance solid-state refrigeration technologies, typically including multicaloric and thermoelectric (TE) cooling. Among them, TE cooling has attracted huge attention owing to its advantages of rapid response, large cooling temperature difference, high stability, and tunable device size. Bi2Te3-based alloys have long been the only commercialized TE cooling materials, while novel systems SnSe and Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 have recently been discovered as potential candidates. However, challenges and problems still require to be summarized and further resolved for realizing better cooling performance. In this review, we systematically investigate TE cooling from its internal mechanism, crucial parameters, to device design and applications. Furthermore, we summarize the current optimization strategies for existing TE cooling materials, and finally provide some personal prospects especially the material-planification concept on future research on establishing better TE cooling.},
  author       = {Qin, Yongxin and Qin, Bingchao and Wang, Dongyang and Chang, Cheng and Zhao, Li-Dong},
  issn         = {1754-5706},
  journal      = {Energy & Environmental Science},
  keywords     = {Pollution, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Environmental Chemistry},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {4527--4541},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d2ee02408j},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12227,
  abstract     = {Polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), a thermoset with excellent mechanical properties, has enormous potential as a lightweight, tough, and stable matrix material owing to its highly cross-linked macromolecular network. This work describes generating pDCPD-based foams and hierarchically porous carbons derived therefrom by combining ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of DCPD, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) as structural templates, and subsequent carbonization. The structure and function of the carbon foams were characterized and discussed in detail using scanning electron, transmission electron, or atomic force microscopy (SEM, TEM, AFM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), N2 sorption, and analyses of electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties. The resulting materials exhibited uniform, shape-retaining shrinkage of only ∼1/3 after carbonization. No structural failure was observed even when the pDCPD precursor foams were heated to 1400 °C. Instead, the high porosity, void size, and 3D interconnectivity were fully preserved, and the void diameters could be adjusted between 87 and 2.5 μm. Moreover, foams have a carbon content >97%, an electronic conductivity of up to 2800 S·m–1, a Young’s modulus of up to 2.1 GPa, and a specific surface area of up to 1200 m2·g–1. Surprisingly, the pDCPD foams were carbonized into shapes other than monoliths, such as 10’s of micron thick membranes or foamy coatings adhered to a metal foil or grid substrate. The latter coatings even adhere upon bending. Finally, as a use case, carbonized foams were applied as porous cathodes for Li–O2 batteries where the foams show a favorable combination of porosity, active surface area, and pore size for outstanding capacity.},
  author       = {Kovačič, Sebastijan and Schafzahl, Bettina and Matsko, Nadejda B. and Gruber, Katharina and Schmuck, Martin and Koller, Stefan and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Slugovc, Christian},
  issn         = {2574-0962},
  journal      = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
  keywords     = {Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {14381--14390},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsaem.2c02787},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12232,
  abstract     = {We derive a precise asymptotic formula for the density of the small singular values of the real Ginibre matrix ensemble shifted by a complex parameter z as the dimension tends to infinity. For z away from the real axis the formula coincides with that for the complex Ginibre ensemble we derived earlier in Cipolloni et al. (Prob Math Phys 1:101–146, 2020). On the level of the one-point function of the low lying singular values we thus confirm the transition from real to complex Ginibre ensembles as the shift parameter z becomes genuinely complex; the analogous phenomenon has been well known for eigenvalues. We use the superbosonization formula (Littelmann et al. in Comm Math Phys 283:343–395, 2008) in a regime where the main contribution comes from a three dimensional saddle manifold.},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Schröder, Dominik J},
  issn         = {1424-0661},
  journal      = {Annales Henri Poincaré},
  keywords     = {Mathematical Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {3981--4002},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Density of small singular values of the shifted real Ginibre ensemble}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00023-022-01188-8},
  volume       = {23},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12576,
  abstract     = {Glacier health across High Mountain Asia (HMA) is highly heterogeneous and strongly governed by regional climate, which is variably influenced by monsoon dynamics and the westerlies. We explore four decades of glacier energy and mass balance at three climatically distinct sites across HMA by utilising a detailed land surface model driven by bias-corrected Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological forcing. All three glaciers have experienced long-term mass losses (ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 to −0.59 ± 0.20 m w.e. a<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) consistent with widespread warming across the region. However, complex and contrasting responses of glacier energy and mass balance to the patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon were evident, largely driven by the role snowfall timing, amount and phase. A later monsoon onset generates less total snowfall to the glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during May–June, augmenting net shortwave radiation and affecting annual mass balance (−0.5 m w.e. on average compared to early onset years). Conversely, timing of the monsoon’s arrival has limited impact for the Nepalese Himalaya which is more strongly governed by the temperature and snowfall amount during the core monsoon season. In the arid central Tibetan Plateau, a later monsoon arrival results in a 40 mm (58%) increase of May–June snowfall on average compared to early onset years, likely driven by the greater interaction of westerly storm events. Meanwhile, a late monsoon cessation at this site sees an average 200 mm (192%) increase in late summer precipitation due to monsoonal storms. A trend towards weaker intensity monsoon conditions in recent decades, combined with long-term warming patterns, has produced predominantly negative glacier mass balances for all sites (up to 1 m w.e. more mass loss in the Nepalese Himalaya compared to strong monsoon intensity years) but sub-regional variability in monsoon timing can additionally complicate this response.},
  author       = {Shaw, T E and Miles, E S and Chen, D and Jouberton, A and Kneib, M and Fugger, S and Ou, T and Lai, H-W and Fujita, K and Yang, W and Fatichi, S and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12582,
  abstract     = {Supraglacial debris covers 7% of mountain glacier area globally and generally reduces glacier surface melt. Enhanced energy absorption at ice cliffs and supraglacial ponds scattered across the debris surface leads these features to contribute disproportionately to glacier-wide ablation. However, the degree to which cliffs and ponds actually increase melt rates remains unclear, as these features have only been studied in a detailed manner for selected locations, almost exclusively in High Mountain Asia. In this study we model the surface energy balance for debris-covered ice, ice cliffs, and supraglacial ponds with a set of automatic weather station records representing the global prevalence of debris-covered glacier ice. We generate 5000 random sets of values for physical parameters using probability distributions derived from literature, which we use to investigate relative melt rates and to isolate the melt responses of debris, cliffs and ponds to the site-specific meteorological forcing. Modelled sub-debris melt rates are primarily controlled by debris thickness and thermal conductivity. At a reference thickness of 0.1 m, sub-debris melt rates vary considerably, differing by up to a factor of four between sites, mainly attributable to air temperature differences. We find that melt rates for ice cliffs are consistently 2–3× the melt rate for clean glacier ice, but this melt enhancement decays with increasing clean ice melt rates. Energy absorption at supraglacial ponds is dominated by latent heat exchange and is therefore highly sensitive to wind speed and relative humidity, but is generally less than for clean ice. Our results provide reference melt enhancement factors for melt modelling of debris-covered glacier sites, globally, while highlighting the need for direct measurement of debris-covered glacier surface characteristics, physical parameters, and local meteorological conditions at a variety of sites around the world.},
  author       = {Miles, E S and Steiner, J F and Buri, P and Immerzeel, W W and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{10547,
  abstract     = {We establish global-in-time existence results for thermodynamically consistent reaction-(cross-)diffusion systems coupled to an equation describing heat transfer. Our main interest is to model species-dependent diffusivities,
while at the same time ensuring thermodynamic consistency. A key difficulty of the non-isothermal case lies in the intrinsic presence of cross-diffusion type phenomena like the Soret and the Dufour effect: due to the temperature/energy dependence of the thermodynamic equilibria, a nonvanishing temperature gradient may drive a concentration flux even in a situation with constant concentrations; likewise, a nonvanishing concentration gradient may drive a heat flux even in a case of spatially constant temperature. We use time discretisation and regularisation techniques and derive a priori estimates based on a suitable entropy and the associated entropy production. Renormalised solutions are used in cases where non-integrable diffusion fluxes or reaction terms appear.},
  author       = {Fischer, Julian L and Hopf, Katharina and Kniely, Michael and Mielke, Alexander},
  issn         = {0036-1410},
  journal      = {SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis},
  keywords     = {Energy-Reaction-Diffusion Systems, Cross Diffusion, Global-In-Time Existence of Weak/Renormalised Solutions, Entropy Method, Onsager System, Soret/Dufour Effect},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {220--267},
  publisher    = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  title        = {{Global existence analysis of energy-reaction-diffusion systems}},
  doi          = {10.1137/20M1387237},
  volume       = {54},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{15265,
  abstract     = {The highly enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit, zT ≈ 2.6 at 573 K, obtained recently in Cd-doped polycrystalline AgSbTe2 by Roychowdhury et al. ( Science 2021, 371, 722) brings it to the forefront of thermoelectric and energy materials research. Ag/Sb cationic ordering in polycrystalline AgSbTe2 was a challenging issue for a long time: their ordered arrangement in the cationic sublattice in polycrystalline samples remained elusive despite multiple theoretical predictions and experimental studies. Recently, selective cation doping has been used to enhance the Ag/Sb ordering, and cation ordered nanoscale (2–4 nm) domains were observed in polycrystalline AgSbTe2, which reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The enhanced cation ordering also delocalizes disorder-induced localized electronic states, and consequently the electronic transport enhances. In this Focus Review, we provide the details of the rational design of a high-performance thermoelectric material using the recently developed atomic order–disorder optimization strategy with AgSbTe2 as an example. Atomic disorder is ubiquitous in most thermoelectric materials, and the atomic order–disorder optimization strategy applies to a large variety of thermoelectric materials.},
  author       = {Ghosh, Tanmoy and Roychowdhury, Subhajit and Dutta, Moinak and Biswas, Kanishka},
  issn         = {2380-8195},
  journal      = {ACS Energy Letters},
  keywords     = {Materials Chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry (miscellaneous)},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {2825--2837},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{High-performance thermoelectric energy conversion: A tale of atomic ordering in AgSbTe2}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01184},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{15269,
  abstract     = {We study different aspects of quantum field theory at finite density using methods from quantum information theory. For simplicity we focus on massive Dirac fermions with nonzero chemical potential, and work in 1 + 1 space-time dimensions. Using the entanglement entropy on an interval, we construct an entropic <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>-function that is finite. Unlike what happens in Lorentz-invariant theories, this <jats:italic>c</jats:italic>-function exhibits a strong violation of monotonicity; it also encodes the creation of long-range entanglement from the Fermi surface. Motivated by previous works on lattice models, we next calculate numerically the Renyi entropies and find Friedel-type oscillations; these are understood in terms of a defect operator product expansion. Furthermore, we consider the mutual information as a measure of correlation functions between different regions. Using a long-distance expansion previously developed by Cardy, we argue that the mutual information detects Fermi surface correlations already at leading order in the expansion. We also analyze the relative entropy and its Renyi generalizations in order to distinguish states with different charge and/or mass. In particular, we show that states in different superselection sectors give rise to a super-extensive behavior in the relative entropy. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to interacting theories, and argue for the relevance of some of these measures for probing non-Fermi liquids.},
  author       = {Daguerre, Lucas and Medina Ramos, Raimel A and Solís, Mario and Torroba, Gonzalo},
  issn         = {1029-8479},
  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  keywords     = {Nuclear and High Energy Physics},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Aspects of quantum information in finite density field theory}},
  doi          = {10.1007/jhep03(2021)079},
  volume       = {2021},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{10327,
  abstract     = {Composite materials offer numerous advantages in a wide range of applications, including thermoelectrics. Here, semiconductor–metal composites are produced by just blending nanoparticles of a sulfide semiconductor obtained in aqueous solution and at room temperature with a metallic Cu powder. The obtained blend is annealed in a reducing atmosphere and afterward consolidated into dense polycrystalline pellets through spark plasma sintering (SPS). We observe that, during the annealing process, the presence of metallic copper activates a partial reduction of the PbS, resulting in the formation of PbS–Pb–CuxS composites. The presence of metallic lead during the SPS process habilitates the liquid-phase sintering of the composite. Besides, by comparing the transport properties of PbS, the PbS–Pb–CuxS composites, and PbS–CuxS composites obtained by blending PbS and CuxS nanoparticles, we demonstrate that the presence of metallic lead decisively contributes to a strong increase of the charge carrier concentration through spillover of charge carriers enabled by the low work function of lead. The increase in charge carrier concentration translates into much higher electrical conductivities and moderately lower Seebeck coefficients. These properties translate into power factors up to 2.1 mW m–1 K–2 at ambient temperature, well above those of PbS and PbS + CuxS. Additionally, the presence of multiple phases in the final composite results in a notable decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity. Overall, the introduction of metallic copper in the initial blend results in a significant improvement of the thermoelectric performance of PbS, reaching a dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.1 at 750 K, which represents about a 400% increase over bare PbS. Besides, an average ZTave = 0.72 in the temperature range 320–773 K is demonstrated.},
  author       = {Li, Mengyao and Liu, Yu and Zhang, Yu and Han, Xu and Xiao, Ke and Nabahat, Mehran and Arbiol, Jordi and Llorca, Jordi and Ibáñez, Maria and Cabot, Andreu},
  issn         = {1944-8252},
  journal      = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
  keywords     = {CuxS, PbS, energy conversion, nanocomposite, nanoparticle, solution synthesis, thermoelectric},
  number       = {43},
  pages        = {51373–51382},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society },
  title        = {{PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsami.1c15609},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9447,
  abstract     = {Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does. The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature of the electrode.},
  author       = {Maffre, Marion and Bouchal, Roza and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Lindahl, Niklas and Johansson, Patrik and Favier, Frédéric and Fontaine, Olivier and Bélanger, Daniel},
  issn         = {1945-7111},
  journal      = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
  keywords     = {Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electrochemistry, Materials Chemistry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Condensed Matter Physics},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes}},
  doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300},
  volume       = {168},
  year         = {2021},
}

@unpublished{9978,
  abstract     = {Redox mediators could catalyse otherwise slow and energy-inefficient cycling of Li-S and Li-O 2 batteries by shuttling electrons/holes between the electrode and the solid insulating storage materials. For mediators to work efficiently they need to oxidize the solid with fast kinetics yet the lowest possible overpotential. Here, we found that when the redox potentials of mediators are tuned via, e.g., Li + concentration in the electrolyte, they exhibit distinct threshold potentials, where the kinetics accelerate several-fold within a range as small as 10 mV. This phenomenon is independent of types of mediators and electrolyte. The acceleration originates from the overpotentials required to activate fast Li + /e – extraction and the following chemical step at specific abundant surface facets. Efficient redox catalysis at insulating solids requires therefore carefully considering the surface conditions of the storage materials and electrolyte-dependent redox potentials, which may be tuned by salt concentrations or solvents.},
  author       = {Cao, Deqing and Shen, Xiaoxiao and Wang, Aiping and Yu, Fengjiao and Wu, Yuping and Shi, Siqi and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Chen, Yuhui},
  booktitle    = {Research Square},
  issn         = {2693-5015},
  keywords     = {Catalysis, Energy engineering, Materials theory and modeling},
  pages        = {21},
  publisher    = {Research Square},
  title        = {{Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators}},
  doi          = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9128,
  abstract     = {This paper reviews recent important advances in our understanding of the response of precipitation extremes to warming from theory and from idealized cloud-resolving simulations. A theoretical scaling for precipitation extremes has been proposed and refined in the past decades, allowing to address separately the contributions from the thermodynamics, the dynamics and the microphysics. Theoretical constraints, as well as remaining uncertainties, associated with each of these three contributions to precipitation extremes, are discussed. Notably, although to leading order precipitation extremes seem to follow the thermodynamic theoretical expectation in idealized simulations, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the response of the dynamics and of the microphysics to warming, and considerable departure from this theoretical expectation is found in observations and in more realistic simulations. We also emphasize key outstanding questions, in particular the response of mesoscale convective organization to warming. Observations suggest that extreme rainfall often comes from an organized system in very moist environments. Improved understanding of the physical processes behind convective organization is needed in order to achieve accurate extreme rainfall prediction in our current, and in a warming climate.},
  author       = {Muller, Caroline J and Takayabu, Yukari},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned?}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{8407,
  author       = {Schanda, Paul},
  issn         = {1090-7807},
  journal      = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance},
  keywords     = {Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Biophysics, Biochemistry, Condensed Matter Physics},
  pages        = {180--186},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Relaxing with liquids and solids – A perspective on biomolecular dynamics}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.025},
  volume       = {306},
  year         = {2019},
}