[{"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2026-08-06T08:09:51Z","title":"Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale","type":"journal_article","volume":556,"month":"01","publication":"Journal of Hydrology","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-1694"],"eissn":["1879-2707"]},"oa_version":"None","_id":"22550","OA_type":"closed access","scopus_import":"1","keyword":["Extreme rainfall variability","High resolution rainfall modeling","IDF curves","Precipitation downscaling","Subpixel scale","Weather radar"],"year":"2018","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Extreme rainfall is quantified in engineering practice using Intensity–Duration–Frequency curves (IDF) that are traditionally derived from rain-gauges and more recently also from remote sensing instruments, such as weather radars. These instruments measure rainfall at different spatial scales: rain-gauge samples rainfall at the point scale while weather radar averages precipitation on a relatively large area, generally around 1 km2. As such, a radar derived IDF curve is representative of the mean areal rainfall over a given radar pixel and neglects the within-pixel rainfall variability. In this study, we quantify subpixel variability of extreme rainfall by using a novel space–time rainfall generator (STREAP model) that downscales in space the rainfall within a given radar pixel. The study was conducted using a unique radar data record (23 years) and a very dense rain-gauge network in the Eastern Mediterranean area (northern Israel). Radar–IDF curves, together with an ensemble of point-based IDF curves representing the radar subpixel extreme rainfall variability, were developed fitting Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions to annual rainfall maxima. It was found that the mean areal extreme rainfall derived from the radar underestimate most of the extreme values computed for point locations within the radar pixel (on average, ∼70%). The subpixel variability of rainfall extreme was found to increase with longer return periods and shorter durations (e.g. from a maximum variability of 10% for a return period of 2 years and a duration of 4 h to 30% for 50 years return period and 20 min duration). For the longer return periods, a considerable enhancement of extreme rainfall variability was found when stochastic (natural) climate variability was taken into account. Bounding the range of the subpixel extreme rainfall derived from radar–IDF can be of major importance for different applications that require very local estimates of rainfall extremes."}],"page":"922-933","extern":"1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","status":"public","citation":{"short":"N. Peleg, F. Marra, S. Fatichi, A. Paschalis, P. Molnar, P. Burlando, Journal of Hydrology 556 (2018) 922–933.","ama":"Peleg N, Marra F, Fatichi S, Paschalis A, Molnar P, Burlando P. Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>. 2018;556:922-933. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033\">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033</a>","apa":"Peleg, N., Marra, F., Fatichi, S., Paschalis, A., Molnar, P., &#38; Burlando, P. (2018). Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale. <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033</a>","chicago":"Peleg, Nadav, Francesco Marra, Simone Fatichi, Athanasios Paschalis, Peter Molnar, and Paolo Burlando. “Spatial Variability of Extreme Rainfall at Radar Subpixel Scale.” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>. Elsevier, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033</a>.","ieee":"N. Peleg, F. Marra, S. Fatichi, A. Paschalis, P. Molnar, and P. Burlando, “Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale,” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>, vol. 556. Elsevier, pp. 922–933, 2018.","ista":"Peleg N, Marra F, Fatichi S, Paschalis A, Molnar P, Burlando P. 2018. Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale. Journal of Hydrology. 556, 922–933.","mla":"Peleg, Nadav, et al. “Spatial Variability of Extreme Rainfall at Radar Subpixel Scale.” <i>Journal of Hydrology</i>, vol. 556, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 922–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033\">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033</a>."},"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","das_tickbox":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Peleg","full_name":"Peleg, Nadav","first_name":"Nadav"},{"full_name":"Marra, Francesco","last_name":"Marra","first_name":"Francesco"},{"first_name":"Simone","id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","last_name":"Fatichi","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"last_name":"Paschalis","full_name":"Paschalis, Athanasios","first_name":"Athanasios"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Molnar","full_name":"Molnar, Peter"},{"first_name":"Paolo","full_name":"Burlando, Paolo","last_name":"Burlando"}],"intvolume":"       556","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:24Z","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033","publisher":"Elsevier"},{"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Fatichi S, Caporali E. A comprehensive analysis of changes in precipitation regime in Tuscany. <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>. 2009;29(13):1883-1893. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921\">10.1002/joc.1921</a>","apa":"Fatichi, S., &#38; Caporali, E. (2009). A comprehensive analysis of changes in precipitation regime in Tuscany. <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921\">https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921</a>","short":"S. Fatichi, E. Caporali, International Journal of Climatology 29 (2009) 1883–1893.","ieee":"S. Fatichi and E. Caporali, “A comprehensive analysis of changes in precipitation regime in Tuscany,” <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>, vol. 29, no. 13. Wiley, pp. 1883–1893, 2009.","chicago":"Fatichi, Simone, and Enrica Caporali. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Changes in Precipitation Regime in Tuscany.” <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>. Wiley, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921\">https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921</a>.","ista":"Fatichi S, Caporali E. 2009. A comprehensive analysis of changes in precipitation regime in Tuscany. International Journal of Climatology. 29(13), 1883–1893.","mla":"Fatichi, Simone, and Enrica Caporali. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Changes in Precipitation Regime in Tuscany.” <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>, vol. 29, no. 13, Wiley, 2009, pp. 1883–93, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1921\">10.1002/joc.1921</a>."},"status":"public","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","date_published":"2009-11-15T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Wiley","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:24Z","doi":"10.1002/joc.1921","intvolume":"        29","das_tickbox":"1","author":[{"id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"first_name":"Enrica","full_name":"Caporali, Enrica","last_name":"Caporali"}],"keyword":["Stationarity","Climate change","Trend","Extreme rainfall","Daily rainfall","Spatial analysis","Multiple testing"],"OA_type":"closed access","scopus_import":"1","_id":"22524","extern":"1","page":"1883-1893","abstract":[{"text":"The analysis of changes in precipitation is nowadays of great interest because rainfall space-time distribution is considered one of the most important indexes in the natural climatic cycle. This study proposes an investigation of precipitation time series recorded in the region of Tuscany (Central Italy) in the period 1916–2003. Forty indexes are defined to evaluate changes in the precipitation patterns and trend detection is performed through statistical tests to assess the significance of temporal and spatial changes in the precipitation regime. The presented analysis does not show strong evidence of nonstationarity. A few indexes in a given number of stations of the analysed territory do show a slight trend, but the significance of those trends is lost once the multiple location testing issue is considered. The complexity of the climate in central Italy, i.e. the presence of numerous feedbacks might in fact distort or remove the consequences of global warming on the precipitation regime. \r\n","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2009","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"15","publication":"International Journal of Climatology","month":"11","volume":29,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0899-8418"],"eissn":["1097-0088"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2026-08-06T10:16:30Z","article_type":"review","title":"A comprehensive analysis of changes in precipitation regime in Tuscany","issue":"13","type":"journal_article"}]