@article{13989,
  abstract     = {Characterizing and controlling entanglement in quantum materials is crucial for the development of next-generation quantum technologies. However, defining a quantifiable figure of merit for entanglement in macroscopic solids is theoretically and experimentally challenging. At equilibrium the presence of entanglement can be diagnosed by extracting entanglement witnesses from spectroscopic observables and a nonequilibrium extension of this method could lead to the discovery of novel dynamical phenomena. Here, we propose a systematic approach to quantify the time-dependent quantum Fisher information and entanglement depth of transient states of quantum materials with time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Using a quarter-filled extended Hubbard model as an example, we benchmark the efficiency of this approach and predict a light-enhanced many-body entanglement due to the proximity to a phase boundary. Our work sets the stage for experimentally witnessing and controlling entanglement in light-driven quantum materials via ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.},
  author       = {Hales, Jordyn and Bajpai, Utkarsh and Liu, Tongtong and Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and Li, Mingda and Mitrano, Matteo and Wang, Yao},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Witnessing light-driven entanglement using time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-023-38540-3},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13033,
  abstract     = {Current methods for assessing cell proliferation in 3D scaffolds rely on changes in metabolic activity or total DNA, however, direct quantification of cell number in 3D scaffolds remains a challenge. To address this issue, we developed an unbiased stereology approach that uses systematic-random sampling and thin focal-plane optical sectioning of the scaffolds followed by estimation of total cell number (StereoCount). This approach was validated against an indirect method for measuring the total DNA (DNA content); and the Bürker counting chamber, the current reference method for quantifying cell number. We assessed the total cell number for cell seeding density (cells per unit volume) across four values and compared the methods in terms of accuracy, ease-of-use and time demands. The accuracy of StereoCount markedly outperformed the DNA content for cases with ~ 10,000 and ~ 125,000 cells/scaffold. For cases with ~ 250,000 and ~ 375,000 cells/scaffold both StereoCount and DNA content showed lower accuracy than the Bürker but did not differ from each other. In terms of ease-of-use, there was a strong advantage for the StereoCount due to output in terms of absolute cell numbers along with the possibility for an overview of cell distribution and future use of automation for high throughput analysis. Taking together, the StereoCount method is an efficient approach for direct cell quantification in 3D collagen scaffolds. Its major benefit is that automated StereoCount could accelerate research using 3D scaffolds focused on drug discovery for a wide variety of human diseases.},
  author       = {Zavadakova, Anna and Vistejnova, Lucie and Belinova, Tereza and Tichanek, Filip and Bilikova, Dagmar and Mouton, Peter R.},
  issn         = {2045-2322},
  journal      = {Scientific Reports},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Novel stereological method for estimation of cell counts in 3D collagen scaffolds}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-023-35162-z},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{14784,
  abstract     = {The next steps of deep space exploration are manned missions to Moon and Mars. For safe space missions for crew members, it is important to understand the impact of space flight on the immune system. We studied the effects of 21 days dry immersion (DI) exposure on the transcriptomes of T cells isolated from blood samples of eight healthy volunteers. Samples were collected 7 days before DI, at day 7, 14, and 21 during DI, and 7 days after DI. RNA sequencing of CD3+T cells revealed transcriptional alterations across all time points, with most changes occurring 14 days after DI exposure. At day 21, T cells showed evidence of adaptation with a transcriptional profile resembling that of 7 days before DI. At 7 days after DI, T cells again changed their transcriptional profile. These data suggest that T cells adapt by rewiring their transcriptomes in response to simulated weightlessness and that remodeling cues persist when reexposed to normal gravity.},
  author       = {Gallardo-Dodd, Carlos J. and Oertlin, Christian and Record, Julien and Galvani, Rômulo G. and Sommerauer, Christian and Kuznetsov, Nikolai V. and Doukoumopoulos, Evangelos and Ali, Liaqat and Oliveira, Mariana M. S. and Seitz, Christina and Percipalle, Mathias and Nikić, Tijana and Sadova, Anastasia A. and Shulgina, Sofia M. and Shmarov, Vjacheslav A. and Kutko, Olga V. and Vlasova, Daria D. and Orlova, Kseniya D. and Rykova, Marina P. and Andersson, John and Percipalle, Piergiorgio and Kutter, Claudia and Ponomarev, Sergey A. and Westerberg, Lisa S.},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {34},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.adg1610},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{12334,
  abstract     = {Regulation of the Arp2/3 complex is required for productive nucleation of branched actin networks. An emerging aspect of regulation is the incorporation of subunit isoforms into the Arp2/3 complex. Specifically, both ArpC5 subunit isoforms, ArpC5 and ArpC5L, have been reported to fine-tune nucleation activity and branch junction stability. We have combined reverse genetics and cellular structural biology to describe how ArpC5 and ArpC5L differentially affect cell migration. Both define the structural stability of ArpC1 in branch junctions and, in turn, by determining protrusion characteristics, affect protein dynamics and actin network ultrastructure. ArpC5 isoforms also affect the positioning of members of the Ena/Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family of actin filament elongators, which mediate ArpC5 isoform–specific effects on the actin assembly level. Our results suggest that ArpC5 and Ena/VASP proteins are part of a signaling pathway enhancing cell migration.</jats:p>},
  author       = {Fäßler, Florian and Javoor, Manjunath and Datler, Julia and Döring, Hermann and Hofer, Florian and Dimchev, Georgi A and Hodirnau, Victor-Valentin and Faix, Jan and Rottner, Klemens and Schur, Florian KM},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{ArpC5 isoforms regulate Arp2/3 complex–dependent protrusion through differential Ena/VASP positioning}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.add6495},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13106,
  abstract     = {Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.},
  author       = {Sahu, Rishabh and Qiu, Liu and Hease, William J and Arnold, Georg M and Minoguchi, Y. and Rabl, P. and Fink, Johannes M},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {6646},
  pages        = {718--721},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Entangling microwaves with light}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.adg3812},
  volume       = {380},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{11723,
  abstract     = {Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 71, 379–402 (2020); Blackburn et al., Plant Physiol. 182, 1657–1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H+ influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.},
  author       = {Li, Lanxin and Chen, Huihuang and Alotaibi, Saqer S. and Pěnčík, Aleš and Adamowski, Maciek and Novák, Ondřej and Friml, Jiří},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {31},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2121058119},
  volume       = {119},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11951,
  abstract     = {The mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) plays a key role in several higher brain functions, such as spatial coding, learning and memory. Its simple circuit architecture is often viewed as a trisynaptic loop, processing input originating from the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and sending it back to its deeper layers. Here, we show that excitatory neurons in layer 6b of the mouse EC project to all sub-regions comprising the HF and receive input from the CA1, thalamus and claustrum. Furthermore, their output is characterized by unique slow-decaying excitatory postsynaptic currents capable of driving plateau-like potentials in their postsynaptic targets. Optogenetic inhibition of the EC-6b pathway affects spatial coding in CA1 pyramidal neurons, while cell ablation impairs not only acquisition of new spatial memories, but also degradation of previously acquired ones. Our results provide evidence of a functional role for cortical layer 6b neurons in the adult brain.},
  author       = {Ben Simon, Yoav and Käfer, Karola and Velicky, Philipp and Csicsvari, Jozsef L and Danzl, Johann G and Jonas, Peter M},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{A direct excitatory projection from entorhinal layer 6b neurons to the hippocampus contributes to spatial coding and memory}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-32559-8},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12130,
  abstract     = {Germline determination is essential for species survival and evolution in multicellular organisms. In most flowering plants, formation of the female germline is initiated with specification of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this key event remains unclear. Here we report that spatially restricted auxin signaling promotes MMC fate in Arabidopsis. Our results show that the microRNA160 (miR160) targeted gene ARF17 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17) is required for promoting MMC specification by genetically interacting with the SPL/NZZ (SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE) gene. Alterations of auxin signaling cause formation of supernumerary MMCs in an ARF17- and SPL/NZZ-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR160 and ARF17 are indispensable for attaining a normal auxin maximum at the ovule apex via modulating the expression domain of PIN1 (PIN-FORMED1) auxin transporter. Our findings elucidate the mechanism by which auxin signaling promotes the acquisition of female germline cell fate in plants.},
  author       = {Huang, Jian and Zhao, Lei and Malik, Shikha and Gentile, Benjamin R. and Xiong, Va and Arazi, Tzahi and Owen, Heather A. and Friml, Jiří and Zhao, Dazhong},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Specification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-34723-6},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12208,
  abstract     = {The inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that reversibly convert molecular sulfur (S) into lithium sulfide (Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S) via soluble polysulfides (PSs) formation impedes the development of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to track the nucleation, growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during real-time Li-S cell operation. In particular, stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantifying the nanoscale phase evolution during battery cycling. We show that next to nano-crystalline Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S the deposit comprises solid short-chain PSs particles. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that initially, Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> precipitates from the solution and then is partially converted via solid-state electroreduction to Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S. We further demonstrate that mass transport, rather than electron transport through a thin passivating film, limits the discharge capacity and rate performance in Li-S cells.},
  author       = {Prehal, Christian and von Mentlen, Jean-Marc and Drvarič Talian, Sara and Vizintin, Alen and Dominko, Robert and Amenitsch, Heinz and Porcar, Lionel and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Wood, Vanessa},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12217,
  abstract     = {The development dynamics and self-organization of glandular branched epithelia is of utmost importance for our understanding of diverse processes ranging from normal tissue growth to the growth of cancerous tissues. Using single primary murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells embedded in a collagen matrix and adapted media supplementation, we generate organoids that self-organize into highly branched structures displaying a seamless lumen connecting terminal end buds, replicating in vivo PDAC architecture. We identify distinct morphogenesis phases, each characterized by a unique pattern of cell invasion, matrix deformation, protein expression, and respective molecular dependencies. We propose a minimal theoretical model of a branching and proliferating tissue, capturing the dynamics of the first phases. Observing the interaction of morphogenesis, mechanical environment and gene expression in vitro sets a benchmark for the understanding of self-organization processes governing complex organoid structure formation processes and branching morphogenesis.},
  author       = {Randriamanantsoa, S. and Papargyriou, A. and Maurer, H. C. and Peschke, K. and Schuster, M. and Zecchin, G. and Steiger, K. and Öllinger, R. and Saur, D. and Scheel, C. and Rad, R. and Hannezo, Edouard B and Reichert, M. and Bausch, A. R.},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Spatiotemporal dynamics of self-organized branching in pancreas-derived organoids}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-32806-y},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12225,
  abstract     = {In social networks, users often engage with like-minded peers. This selective exposure to opinions might result in echo chambers, i.e., political fragmentation and social polarization of user interactions. When echo chambers form, opinions have a bimodal distribution with two peaks on opposite sides. In certain issues, where either extreme positions contain a degree of misinformation, neutral consensus is preferable for promoting discourse. In this paper, we use an opinion dynamics model that naturally forms echo chambers in order to find a feedback mechanism that bridges these communities and leads to a neutral consensus. We introduce the <jats:italic>random dynamical nudge</jats:italic> (RDN), which presents each agent with input from a random selection of other agents’ opinions and does not require surveillance of every person’s opinions. Our computational results in two different models suggest that the RDN leads to a unimodal distribution of opinions centered around the neutral consensus. Furthermore, the RDN is effective both for preventing the formation of echo chambers and also for depolarizing existing echo chambers. Due to the simple and robust nature of the RDN, social media networks might be able to implement a version of this self-feedback mechanism, when appropriate, to prevent the segregation of online communities on complex social issues.},
  author       = {Currin, Christopher and Vera, Sebastián Vallejo and Khaledi-Nasab, Ali},
  issn         = {2045-2322},
  journal      = {Scientific Reports},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Depolarization of echo chambers by random dynamical nudge}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-022-12494-w},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{13992,
  abstract     = {Understanding the chirality of molecular reaction pathways is essential for a broad range of fundamental and applied sciences. However, the current ability to probe chirality on the time scale of primary processes underlying chemical reactions remains very limited. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (TRPECD) with ultrashort circularly polarized vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) pulses from a tabletop source. We demonstrate the capabilities of VUV-TRPECD by resolving the chirality changes in time during the photodissociation of atomic iodine from two chiral molecules. We identify several general key features of TRPECD, which include the ability to probe dynamical chirality along the complete photochemical reaction path, the sensitivity to the local chirality of the evolving scattering potential, and the influence of electron scattering off dissociating photofragments. Our results are interpreted by comparison with high-level ab-initio calculations of transient PECDs from molecular photoionization calculations. Our experimental and theoretical techniques define a general approach to femtochirality.},
  author       = {Svoboda, Vít and Ram, Niraghatam Bhargava and Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and Zindel, Daniel and Waters, Max D. J. and Spenger, Benjamin and Ochsner, Manuel and Herburger, Holger and Stohner, Jürgen and Wörner, Hans Jakob},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {28},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Femtosecond photoelectron circular dichroism of chemical reactions}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.abq2811},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{14437,
  abstract     = {Future LEDs could be based on lead halide perovskites. A breakthrough in preparing device-compatible solids composed of nanoscale perovskite crystals overcomes a long-standing hurdle in making blue perovskite LEDs.},
  author       = {Utzat, Hendrik and Ibáñez, Maria},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {7941},
  pages        = {638--639},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Molecular engineering enables bright blue LEDs}},
  doi          = {10.1038/d41586-022-04447-0},
  volume       = {612},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12274,
  abstract     = {The morphology and functionality of the epithelial lining differ along the intestinal tract, but tissue renewal at all sites is driven by stem cells at the base of crypts1,2,3. Whether stem cell numbers and behaviour vary at different sites is unknown. Here we show using intravital microscopy that, despite similarities in the number and distribution of proliferative cells with an Lgr5 signature in mice, small intestinal crypts contain twice as many effective stem cells as large intestinal crypts. We find that, although passively displaced by a conveyor-belt-like upward movement, small intestinal cells positioned away from the crypt base can function as long-term effective stem cells owing to Wnt-dependent retrograde cellular movement. By contrast, the near absence of retrograde movement in the large intestine restricts cell repositioning, leading to a reduction in effective stem cell number. Moreover, after suppression of the retrograde movement in the small intestine, the number of effective stem cells is reduced, and the rate of monoclonal conversion of crypts is accelerated. Together, these results show that the number of effective stem cells is determined by active retrograde movement, revealing a new channel of stem cell regulation that can be experimentally and pharmacologically manipulated.},
  author       = {Azkanaz, Maria and Corominas-Murtra, Bernat and Ellenbroek, Saskia I. J. and Bruens, Lotte and Webb, Anna T. and Laskaris, Dimitrios and Oost, Koen C. and Lafirenze, Simona J. A. and Annusver, Karl and Messal, Hendrik A. and Iqbal, Sharif and Flanagan, Dustin J. and Huels, David J. and Rojas-Rodríguez, Felipe and Vizoso, Miguel and Kasper, Maria and Sansom, Owen J. and Snippert, Hugo J. and Liberali, Prisca and Simons, Benjamin D. and Katajisto, Pekka and Hannezo, Edouard B and van Rheenen, Jacco},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {7919},
  pages        = {548--554},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-022-04962-0},
  volume       = {607},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12577,
  abstract     = {Glaciers are key components of the mountain water towers of Asia and are vital for downstream domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The glacier mass loss rate over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is among the highest in Asia and has accelerated in recent decades. This acceleration has been attributed to increased warming, but the mechanisms behind these glaciers’ high sensitivity to warming remain unclear, while the influence of changes in precipitation over the past decades is poorly quantified. Here, we reconstruct glacier mass changes and catchment runoff since 1975 at a benchmark glacier, Parlung No. 4, to shed light on the drivers of recent mass losses for the monsoonal, spring-accumulation glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau. Our modeling demonstrates how a temperature increase (mean of 0.39<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup>C ⋅dec<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>since 1990) has accelerated mass loss rates by altering both the ablation and accumulation regimes in a complex manner. The majority of the post-2000 mass loss occurred during the monsoon months, caused by simultaneous decreases in the solid precipitation ratio (from 0.70 to 0.56) and precipitation amount (–10%), leading to reduced monsoon accumulation (–26%). Higher solid precipitation in spring (+18%) during the last two decades was increasingly important in mitigating glacier mass loss by providing mass to the glacier and protecting it from melting in the early monsoon. With bare ice exposed to warmer temperatures for longer periods, icemelt and catchment discharge have unsustainably intensified since the start of the 21st century, raising concerns for long-term water supply and hazard occurrence in the region.},
  author       = {Jouberton, Achille and Shaw, Thomas E. and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Fugger, Stefan and Ren, Shaoting and Dehecq, Amaury and Yang, Wei and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {37},
  publisher    = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Warming-induced monsoon precipitation phase change intensifies glacier mass loss in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2109796119},
  volume       = {119},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{15133,
  abstract     = {In the evolutionary arms race against phage, bacteria have assembled a diverse arsenal of antiviral immune strategies. While the recently discovered DISARM (Defense Island System Associated with Restriction-Modification) systems can provide protection against a wide range of phage, the molecular mechanisms that underpin broad antiviral targeting but avoiding autoimmunity remain enigmatic. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the core DISARM complex, DrmAB, both alone and in complex with an unmethylated phage DNA mimetic. These structures reveal that DrmAB core complex is autoinhibited by a trigger loop (TL) within DrmA and binding to DNA substrates containing a 5′ overhang dislodges the TL, initiating a long-range structural rearrangement for DrmAB activation. Together with structure-guided in vivo studies, our work provides insights into the mechanism of phage DNA recognition and specific activation of this widespread antiviral defense system.},
  author       = {Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Aparicio-Maldonado, Cristian and Nobrega, Franklin L. and Brouns, Stan J. J. and Taylor, David W.},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Structural basis for broad anti-phage immunity by DISARM}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-30673-1},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{15134,
  abstract     = {CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems that protect prokaryotes from foreign nucleic acids, such as bacteriophages. Two of the most prevalent CRISPR-Cas systems include type I and type III. Interestingly, the type I-D interference proteins contain characteristic features of both type I and type III systems. Here, we present the structures of type I-D Cascade bound to both a double-stranded (ds)DNA and a single-stranded (ss)RNA target at 2.9 and 3.1 Å, respectively. We show that type I-D Cascade is capable of specifically binding ssRNA and reveal how PAM recognition of dsDNA targets initiates long-range structural rearrangements that likely primes Cas10d for Cas3′ binding and subsequent non-target strand DNA cleavage. These structures allow us to model how binding of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrID1 likely blocks target dsDNA binding via competitive inhibition of the DNA substrate engagement with the Cas10d active site. This work elucidates the unique mechanisms used by type I-D Cascade for discrimination of single-stranded and double stranded targets. Thus, our data supports a model for the hybrid nature of this complex with features of type III and type I systems.},
  author       = {Schwartz, Evan A. and McBride, Tess M. and Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Wrapp, Daniel and Fineran, Peter C. and Fagerlund, Robert D. and Taylor, David W.},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Structural rearrangements allow nucleic acid discrimination by type I-D Cascade}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-022-30402-8},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{15205,
  abstract     = {Magnetars are neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observed polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and found a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2– to 8–kilo–electron volt band. The polarization changes with energy: The degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 kilo–electron volts, drops below the instrumental sensitivity ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 kilo–electron volts. The polarization angle also changes by 90° at ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere.},
  author       = {Taverna, Roberto and Turolla, Roberto and Muleri, Fabio and Heyl, Jeremy and Zane, Silvia and Baldini, Luca and González-Caniulef, Denis and Bachetti, Matteo and Rankin, John and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Di Lalla, Niccolò and Doroshenko, Victor and Errando, Manel and Gau, Ephraim and Kırmızıbayrak, Demet and Krawczynski, Henric and Negro, Michela and Ng, Mason and Omodei, Nicola and Possenti, Andrea and Tamagawa, Toru and Uchiyama, Keisuke and Weisskopf, Martin C. and Agudo, Ivan and Antonelli, Lucio A. and Baumgartner, Wayne H. and Bellazzini, Ronaldo and Bianchi, Stefano and Bongiorno, Stephen D. and Bonino, Raffaella and Brez, Alessandro and Bucciantini, Niccolò and Capitanio, Fiamma and Castellano, Simone and Cavazzuti, Elisabetta and Ciprini, Stefano and Costa, Enrico and De Rosa, Alessandra and Del Monte, Ettore and Di Gesu, Laura and Di Marco, Alessandro and Donnarumma, Immacolata and Dovčiak, Michal and Ehlert, Steven R. and Enoto, Teruaki and Evangelista, Yuri and Fabiani, Sergio and Ferrazzoli, Riccardo and Garcia, Javier A. and Gunji, Shuichi and Hayashida, Kiyoshi and Iwakiri, Wataru and Jorstad, Svetlana G. and Karas, Vladimir and Kitaguchi, Takao and Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. and La Monaca, Fabio and Latronico, Luca and Liodakis, Ioannis and Maldera, Simone and Manfreda, Alberto and Marin, Frédéric and Marinucci, Andrea and Marscher, Alan P. and Marshall, Herman L. and Matt, Giorgio and Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki and Mizuno, Tsunefumi and Ng, Stephen C.-Y. and O’Dell, Stephen L. and Oppedisano, Chiara and Papitto, Alessandro and Pavlov, George G. and Peirson, Abel L. and Perri, Matteo and Pesce-Rollins, Melissa and Pilia, Maura and Poutanen, Juri and Puccetti, Simonetta and Ramsey, Brian D. and Ratheesh, Ajay and Romani, Roger W. and Sgrò, Carmelo and Slane, Patrick and Soffitta, Paolo and Spandre, Gloria and Tavecchio, Fabrizio and Tawara, Yuzuru and Tennant, Allyn F. and Thomas, Nicholas E. and Tombesi, Francesco and Trois, Alessio and Tsygankov, Sergey S. and Vink, Jacco and Wu, Kinwah and Xie, Fei},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {6620},
  pages        = {646--650},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Polarized x-rays from a magnetar}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.add0080},
  volume       = {378},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{15211,
  abstract     = {Over a dozen millisecond pulsars are ablating low-mass companions in close binary systems. In the original ‘black widow’, the eight-hour orbital period eclipsing pulsar PSR J1959+2048 (PSR B1957+20)1, high-energy emission originating from the pulsar2 is irradiating and may eventually destroy3 a low-mass companion. These systems are not only physical laboratories that reveal the interesting results of exposing a close companion star to the relativistic energy output of a pulsar, but are also believed to harbour some of the most massive neutron stars4, allowing for robust tests of the neutron star equation of state. Here we report observations of ZTF J1406+1222, a wide hierarchical triple hosting a 62-minute orbital period black widow candidate, the optical flux of which varies by a factor of more than ten. ZTF J1406+1222 pushes the boundaries of evolutionary models5, falling below the 80-minute minimum orbital period of hydrogen-rich systems. The wide tertiary companion is a rare low-metallicity cool subdwarf star, and the system has a Galactic halo orbit consistent with passing near the Galactic Centre, making it a probe of formation channels, neutron star kick physics6 and binary evolution.},
  author       = {Burdge, Kevin B. and Marsh, Thomas R. and Fuller, Jim and Bellm, Eric C. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Chakrabarty, Deepto and Coughlin, Michael W. and De, Kishalay and Dhillon, V. S. and Graham, Matthew J. and Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo and Jaodand, Amruta D. and Kaplan, David L. and Kara, Erin and Kong, Albert K. H. and Kulkarni, S. R. and Li, Kwan-Lok and Littlefair, S. P. and Majid, Walid A. and Mróz, Przemek and Pearlman, Aaron B. and Phinney, E. S. and Roestel, Jan van and Simcoe, Robert A. and Andreoni, Igor and Drake, Andrew J. and Dekany, Richard G. and Duev, Dmitry A. and Kool, Erik C. and Mahabal, Ashish A. and Medford, Michael S. and Riddle, Reed and Prince, Thomas A.},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {7908},
  pages        = {41--45},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1},
  volume       = {605},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12118,
  abstract     = {Hybrid semiconductor–superconductor devices hold great promise for realizing topological quantum computing with Majorana zero modes1,2,3,4,5. However, multiple claims of Majorana detection, based on either tunnelling6,7,8,9,10 or Coulomb blockade (CB) spectroscopy11,12, remain disputed. Here we devise an experimental protocol that allows us to perform both types of measurement on the same hybrid island by adjusting its charging energy via tunable junctions to the normal leads. This method reduces ambiguities of Majorana detections by checking the consistency between CB spectroscopy and zero-bias peaks in non-blockaded transport. Specifically, we observe junction-dependent, even–odd modulated, single-electron CB peaks in InAs/Al hybrid nanowires without concomitant low-bias peaks in tunnelling spectroscopy. We provide a theoretical interpretation of the experimental observations in terms of low-energy, longitudinally confined island states rather than overlapping Majorana modes. Our results highlight the importance of combined measurements on the same device for the identification of topological Majorana zero modes.},
  author       = {Valentini, Marco and Borovkov, Maksim and Prada, Elsa and Martí-Sánchez, Sara and Botifoll, Marc and Hofmann, Andrea C and Arbiol, Jordi and Aguado, Ramón and San-Jose, Pablo and Katsaros, Georgios},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {7940},
  pages        = {442--447},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w},
  volume       = {612},
  year         = {2022},
}