---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22145'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: An in-operando electro-intercalation method for the on-chip synthesis of alkali-metal-intercalated
    materials and their Raman spectroscopic and transport characterization in ultrahigh
    vacuum (UHV) is developed. We apply this method to synthesize fulleride superconductors
    via Rb+ intercalation into a C60 film. During the intercalation, we monitor the
    stoichiometry via UHV-Raman spectroscopy and probe superconductivity via transport
    measurements. An increase of the superconducting transition temperature from 7.0
    K to 14.5 K is observed when the stoichiometry is tuned from Rb2.7C60 to Rb3C60.
    In our experiment, an ionic Rb+ flux into the host material is induced by an applied
    electronic current via a Butler–Volmer-type mechanism. Electro-intercalation captivates
    through improved stoichiometric precision, the ability to smoothly vary stoichiometry
    via duration of current application, and the absence of a lower limit of the volume
    of the host material. It represents a powerful concept for the on-chip synthesis
    of intercalated materials, battery research, and beyond.
acknowledgement: 'A.G. and K.P.S. acknowledge the DFG through CRC 1238 (277146847,
  A01) and DFG project SE 2575. K.P.S., P.S., and A.G. would like to thank the Center
  for Micro- and Nanostructures (ZMNS) for providing the cleanroom facilities. K.P.S.
  thanks Daniele Nazari for help with ALD of Al2O3 films. Financial support from FFG
  Austria (CrystalGate) is acknowledged. A.G. thanks John Weaver for discussions about
  the structure of RbxC60. B.C. acknowledges support from the NOMIS Foundation. First-principles
  simulations were supported as part of user project CNMS2025-R-03182 at the Center
  for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office
  of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. J.J. and J.H. acknowledge
  the computational resources provided by the ACCESS (Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
  Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support) program through allocation TG-DMR110037;
  the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of
  Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, through NERSC
  award BES-ERCAP0031261; and the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES)
  Baseline at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Office of Science of
  the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors
  acknowledge TU Wien Bibliothek for financial support through its Open access funding
  provided by Technische Universitat Wien.'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Konstantin P.
  full_name: Shchukin, Konstantin P.
  last_name: Shchukin
- first_name: Oliver N.
  full_name: Gallego Lacey, Oliver N.
  last_name: Gallego Lacey
- first_name: Baptiste
  full_name: Coquinot, Baptiste
  id: f8417bd4-f599-11ee-a482-b927e3ed1e8e
  last_name: Coquinot
  orcid: 0000-0001-5524-596X
- first_name: Jacek
  full_name: Jakowski, Jacek
  last_name: Jakowski
- first_name: Jingsong
  full_name: Huang, Jingsong
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Patrik
  full_name: Staudenmayer, Patrik
  last_name: Staudenmayer
- first_name: Yannic
  full_name: Falke, Yannic
  last_name: Falke
- first_name: Ram Prakash
  full_name: Pandeya, Ram Prakash
  last_name: Pandeya
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Grüneis, Alexander
  last_name: Grüneis
citation:
  ama: Shchukin KP, Gallego Lacey ON, Coquinot B, et al. On-chip tuning of superconductivity
    in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. <i>ACS Nano</i>. 2026;20(24):17360-17372.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466">10.1021/acsnano.6c02466</a>
  apa: Shchukin, K. P., Gallego Lacey, O. N., Coquinot, B., Jakowski, J., Huang, J.,
    Staudenmayer, P., … Grüneis, A. (2026). On-chip tuning of superconductivity in
    fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466</a>
  chicago: Shchukin, Konstantin P., Oliver N. Gallego Lacey, Baptiste Coquinot, Jacek
    Jakowski, Jingsong Huang, Patrik Staudenmayer, Yannic Falke, Ram Prakash Pandeya,
    and Alexander Grüneis. “On-Chip Tuning of Superconductivity in Fullerides via
    Current-Driven Rb+ Intercalation.” <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical Society,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466</a>.
  ieee: K. P. Shchukin <i>et al.</i>, “On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides
    via current-driven Rb+ intercalation,” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 20, no. 24. American
    Chemical Society, pp. 17360–17372, 2026.
  ista: Shchukin KP, Gallego Lacey ON, Coquinot B, Jakowski J, Huang J, Staudenmayer
    P, Falke Y, Pandeya RP, Grüneis A. 2026. On-chip tuning of superconductivity in
    fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation. ACS Nano. 20(24), 17360–17372.
  mla: Shchukin, Konstantin P., et al. “On-Chip Tuning of Superconductivity in Fullerides
    via Current-Driven Rb+ Intercalation.” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 20, no. 24, American
    Chemical Society, 2026, pp. 17360–72, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c02466">10.1021/acsnano.6c02466</a>.
  short: K.P. Shchukin, O.N. Gallego Lacey, B. Coquinot, J. Jakowski, J. Huang, P.
    Staudenmayer, Y. Falke, R.P. Pandeya, A. Grüneis, ACS Nano 20 (2026) 17360–17372.
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-06-28T22:01:34Z
date_published: 2026-06-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-29T09:00:33Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MiLe
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6c02466
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '42260723'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 01ec8ee6fab7bf563df7af13f6b43045
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-06-29T08:58:12Z
  date_updated: 2026-06-29T08:58:12Z
  file_id: '22150'
  file_name: 2026_ACSNano_Shchukin.pdf
  file_size: 6290296
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-06-29T08:58:12Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        20'
issue: '24'
keyword:
- fulleride
- intercalation
- alkali metal
- superconductivity
- Raman
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 17360-17372
pmid: 1
publication: ACS Nano
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1936-086X
  issn:
  - 1936-0851
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 20
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '20191'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) show great potential for catalyzing complex multi-step
    reactions, but optimizing their parameters, i.e., composition, but also their
    crystallinity and morphology, remains a significant challenge. In this study,
    FeCoNiMoW HEAs are synthesized into either amorphous nanosheets (HEANS) or crystalline
    nanoparticles (HEANP), which are then used to catalyze the lithium–sulfur (Li–S)
    reaction of Li–S batteries (LSBs). Evaluations in symmetric cells, coin cells,
    and pouch cells reveal that HEANS significantly enhance LSB performance, achieving
    initial discharge capacities up to 1632 mAh g−1. The batteries also exhibit excellent
    cycling stability over 1000 cycles at 3Cand maintain high-rate performance up
    to 10C with a capacity of 614 mAh g−1. Comprehensive in situ analyses and density
    functional theory calculations demonstrate that amorphous HEANS provide more active
    sites, better ionic conductivity and stronger chemical interactions with lithium
    polysulfides (LiPS). These properties effectively suppress the shuttle effect,
    promote the complete S8 → Li2S conversion by reducing the impedance of the solid-electrolyte
    interphase, and accelerate the Li2S4 → Li2S2 step by lowering the nucleation energy
    barrier. Overall, this study highlights the superior catalytic properties of amorphous
    2D HEAs in LSBs and offers new insights into the mechanisms of LiPS conversion.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge support from the 2BoSS project of the ERA-MIN3
  program with the Spanish grant number PCI2022-132985/AEI/10.13039/50110001103, and
  funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR01581 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.
  L.Yang, C.Huang, X.Lu, A.Yu, C.Li, J.Yu, and X.Bi thank the China Scholarship Council
  (CSC) for the scholarship support. This research was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy
  Facility (EMF), and by the Werner Siemens Foundation (WSS) for financial support.
article_number: e13859
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ren
  full_name: He, Ren
  last_name: He
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Yang
  full_name: Ding, Yang
  last_name: Ding
- first_name: Chen
  full_name: Huang, Chen
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Xuan
  full_name: Lu, Xuan
  last_name: Lu
- first_name: Lirong
  full_name: Zheng, Lirong
  last_name: Zheng
- first_name: Ao
  full_name: Yu, Ao
  last_name: Yu
- first_name: Chaoyue
  full_name: Zhang, Chaoyue
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Canhuang
  full_name: Li, Canhuang
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Xiaoyu
  full_name: Bi, Xiaoyu
  last_name: Bi
- first_name: Yaqiang
  full_name: Li, Yaqiang
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Yaqi
  full_name: Liao, Yaqi
  last_name: Liao
- first_name: Junshan
  full_name: Li, Junshan
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Ahmad
  full_name: Ostovari Moghaddam, Ahmad
  last_name: Ostovari Moghaddam
- first_name: Salimov
  full_name: Yernar, Salimov
  last_name: Yernar
- first_name: Ying
  full_name: Xu, Ying
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Chaoqi
  full_name: Zhang, Chaoqi
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Linlin
  full_name: Yang, Linlin
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Yingtang
  full_name: Zhou, Yingtang
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: He R, Lee S, Ding Y, et al. Amorphous high entropy alloy nanosheets enabling
    robust Li–S batteries. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. 2026;36(5). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859">10.1002/adfm.202513859</a>
  apa: He, R., Lee, S., Ding, Y., Huang, C., Lu, X., Zheng, L., … Cabot, A. (2026).
    Amorphous high entropy alloy nanosheets enabling robust Li–S batteries. <i>Advanced
    Functional Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859</a>
  chicago: He, Ren, Seungho Lee, Yang Ding, Chen Huang, Xuan Lu, Lirong Zheng, Ao
    Yu, et al. “Amorphous High Entropy Alloy Nanosheets Enabling Robust Li–S Batteries.”
    <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Wiley, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859</a>.
  ieee: R. He <i>et al.</i>, “Amorphous high entropy alloy nanosheets enabling robust
    Li–S batteries,” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, vol. 36, no. 5. Wiley,
    2026.
  ista: He R, Lee S, Ding Y, Huang C, Lu X, Zheng L, Yu A, Zhang C, Li C, Bi X, Li
    Y, Liao Y, Li J, Ostovari Moghaddam A, Yernar S, Xu Y, Ibáñez M, Zhang C, Yang
    L, Zhou Y, Cabot A. 2026. Amorphous high entropy alloy nanosheets enabling robust
    Li–S batteries. Advanced Functional Materials. 36(5), e13859.
  mla: He, Ren, et al. “Amorphous High Entropy Alloy Nanosheets Enabling Robust Li–S
    Batteries.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, vol. 36, no. 5, e13859, Wiley,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202513859">10.1002/adfm.202513859</a>.
  short: R. He, S. Lee, Y. Ding, C. Huang, X. Lu, L. Zheng, A. Yu, C. Zhang, C. Li,
    X. Bi, Y. Li, Y. Liao, J. Li, A. Ostovari Moghaddam, S. Yernar, Y. Xu, M. Ibáñez,
    C. Zhang, L. Yang, Y. Zhou, A. Cabot, Advanced Functional Materials 36 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are available
  from the cor-responding authors upon reasonable request.
date_created: 2025-08-17T22:01:37Z
date_published: 2026-01-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-23T11:42:17Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1002/adfm.202513859
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001544757200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: b102207b2343e6e7dba00870bfe362ea
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-07-23T11:40:34Z
  date_updated: 2026-07-23T11:40:34Z
  file_id: '22397'
  file_name: 2026_AdvancedFunctionalMat_He.pdf
  file_size: 5734587
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-23T11:40:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        36'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
keyword:
- amorphous
- high entropy alloy
- in situ electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy
- in situ Raman
- Li–S batteries
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Advanced Functional Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1616-3028
  issn:
  - 1616-301X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: upon request
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Amorphous high entropy alloy nanosheets enabling robust Li–S batteries
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 36
year: '2026'
...