[{"year":"2023","citation":{"chicago":"Zhao, Jiacheng, Naika Meili, Xiang Zhao, and Simone Fatichi. “Urban Vegetation Cooling Potential during Heatwaves Depends on Background Climate.” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f</a>.","mla":"Zhao, Jiacheng, et al. “Urban Vegetation Cooling Potential during Heatwaves Depends on Background Climate.” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 18, no. 1, 014035, IOP Publishing, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f\">10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f</a>.","short":"J. Zhao, N. Meili, X. Zhao, S. Fatichi, Environmental Research Letters 18 (2023).","ista":"Zhao J, Meili N, Zhao X, Fatichi S. 2023. Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate. Environmental Research Letters. 18(1), 014035.","ama":"Zhao J, Meili N, Zhao X, Fatichi S. Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. 2023;18(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f\">10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f</a>","ieee":"J. Zhao, N. Meili, X. Zhao, and S. Fatichi, “Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate,” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 18, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2023.","apa":"Zhao, J., Meili, N., Zhao, X., &#38; Fatichi, S. (2023). Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f</a>"},"publisher":"IOP Publishing","day":"12","das_tickbox":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"22517","status":"public","intvolume":"        18","issue":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The capacity of vegetation to mitigate excessive urban heat has been well documented. However, the cooling potential provided by urban vegetation during heatwaves is less known even though heatwaves have been projected to be more severe with climate change. Across 24 global metropolises, we combine 30 m resolution satellite observations with a theoretical leaf energy balance model to quantify the change of the leaf-to-air temperature difference and stomatal conductance during heatwaves from 2000 to 2020. We found the responses of urban vegetation to heatwaves differ significantly across cities and they are mediated by climate forcing and human management. During heatwaves, vegetation in Mediterranean and midlatitude-humid cities shows a significant decrease in cooling potential in most cases due to large stomatal closures, while vegetation in arid cities shows a cooling enhancement with an unmodified stomatal opening likely in response to intense irrigation. In comparison, the cooling potential of vegetation in high-latitude humid cities does not show significant changes. These responses have implications for future urban vegetation management strategies and urban planning.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","date_updated":"2026-08-06T11:33:12Z","OA_place":"publisher","DOAJ_listed":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f","article_type":"letter_note","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"keyword":["Urban vegetation","Heatwave","Cooling potential","Stomatal behavior"],"date_published":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"gold","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":18,"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:24Z","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Zhao, Jiacheng","last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Jiacheng"},{"first_name":"Naika","last_name":"Meili","full_name":"Meili, Naika"},{"first_name":"Xiang","last_name":"Zhao","full_name":"Zhao, Xiang"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","last_name":"Fatichi","id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","first_name":"Simone"}],"publication":"Environmental Research Letters","scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","article_number":"014035","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/0.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/acaf0f","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-9326"]},"oa":1,"title":"Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate"},{"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Building and Environment","author":[{"first_name":"Taihan","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Taihan"},{"full_name":"Meili, Naika","last_name":"Meili","first_name":"Naika"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","last_name":"Fatichi","id":"cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6","first_name":"Simone"},{"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Hang","full_name":"Hang, Jian"},{"last_name":"Tan","full_name":"Tan, Puay Yok","first_name":"Puay Yok"},{"first_name":"Chao","last_name":"Yuan","full_name":"Yuan, Chao"}],"title":"Effects of tree plantings with varying street aspect ratios on the thermal environment using a mechanistic urban canopy model","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1873-684X"],"issn":["0360-1323"]},"type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006","article_number":"111006","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":246,"month":"12","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2026-07-27T12:30:24Z","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2026-08-12T08:37:07Z","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Urban tree planting is an effective strategy to reduce temperature locally and eventually mitigate Urban Heat\r\nIsland. Although its cooling effects have been widely reported, understanding of coupling effects of street\r\nmorphologies and tree characteristics on thermal environment is insufficient, especially in high-density cities. A\r\nparametric study is conducted to investigate effects of leaf area index (LAI = 1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0) and tree\r\ncrown radius (rtree = 2.0,3.4,4.4,5.0 m) on thermal environment inside streets with various aspect ratios (street\r\nheight/width, H/W = 1.0–5.0). A mechanistic urban canopy model Urban Tethys-Chloris (UT&C) is selected and\r\nintegrated with a new semi-empirical wind parameterization based on drag coefficients and frontal area densities\r\nof buildings and trees. Modified UT&C is validated by a unique and controllable scaled outdoor experiment. The\r\nresearch outputs can be summarized as follows: (1) Calculated air temperature (Ta), wind speed (V), and thermal\r\ncomfort indices (Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)) are in good\r\nagreement with results from scaled outdoor experiments, while slight overestimation of relative humidity (RH)\r\noccurs in tree cases; (2) Increasing LAI and rtree both bring stronger cooling effects by up to 20.2 ◦C (Tmrt) and\r\n4.0 ◦C (UTCI); (3) Narrower streets weaken trees’ cooling effects and increasing LAI and rtree could be less\r\nefficient for higher H/W than lower H/W; (4) LAI = 4.0 and rtree = 5.0 m are optimal for wide streets (H/W =\r\n1.0–3.0) to provide maximum UTCI cooling (about 4.0 ◦C), while LAI = 4.0 and rtree = 3.4 m are suggested for\r\nnarrow streets (H/W = 3.0–5.0). Our study provides useful information on evidence-based urban tree selection\r\nstrategies for urban planning and design. "}],"date_published":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"closed access","keyword":["Urban canopy model","Scaled outdoor experiment","Street aspect ratio","Urban vegetation","Pedestrian thermal comfort"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006","article_type":"original","_id":"22561","status":"public","oa_version":"None","das_tickbox":"1","day":"01","publisher":"Elsevier","year":"2023","citation":{"ama":"Chen T, Meili N, Fatichi S, Hang J, Tan PY, Yuan C. Effects of tree plantings with varying street aspect ratios on the thermal environment using a mechanistic urban canopy model. <i>Building and Environment</i>. 2023;246. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006\">10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006</a>","ista":"Chen T, Meili N, Fatichi S, Hang J, Tan PY, Yuan C. 2023. Effects of tree plantings with varying street aspect ratios on the thermal environment using a mechanistic urban canopy model. Building and Environment. 246, 111006.","ieee":"T. Chen, N. Meili, S. Fatichi, J. Hang, P. Y. Tan, and C. Yuan, “Effects of tree plantings with varying street aspect ratios on the thermal environment using a mechanistic urban canopy model,” <i>Building and Environment</i>, vol. 246. Elsevier, 2023.","apa":"Chen, T., Meili, N., Fatichi, S., Hang, J., Tan, P. Y., &#38; Yuan, C. (2023). Effects of tree plantings with varying street aspect ratios on the thermal environment using a mechanistic urban canopy model. <i>Building and Environment</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006</a>","chicago":"Chen, Taihan, Naika Meili, Simone Fatichi, Jian Hang, Puay Yok Tan, and Chao Yuan. “Effects of Tree Plantings with Varying Street Aspect Ratios on the Thermal Environment Using a Mechanistic Urban Canopy Model.” <i>Building and Environment</i>. Elsevier, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006</a>.","short":"T. Chen, N. Meili, S. Fatichi, J. Hang, P.Y. Tan, C. Yuan, Building and Environment 246 (2023).","mla":"Chen, Taihan, et al. “Effects of Tree Plantings with Varying Street Aspect Ratios on the Thermal Environment Using a Mechanistic Urban Canopy Model.” <i>Building and Environment</i>, vol. 246, 111006, Elsevier, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006\">10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111006</a>."},"intvolume":"       246"}]