---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22297'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Determination of the rheological properties of cells is known to require
active measurements, which largely depend on the internalization of mechanical
probes. Here, we circumvent this problem via the introduction of Rheological focused
light-induced cytoplasmic streaming (Rheo-FLUCS): an active, yet probe-free approach
that leverages light-induced flows to access mechanical changes in complex systems.
While Rheo-FLUCS is facilitated by thermoviscous expansion phenomena rather than
external forces, here we show equivalence in its ability to measure relative viscoelastic
properties. Specifically, we demonstrate a phase-lag equivalence with probe-dependent
active microrheology in a wide range of physically different, yet chemically identical
materials. We exemplify the utility of Rheo-FLUCS in three distinctly different
biological systems: compound-treated mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3), genetically
modified human osteoblasts (U2OS) to elucidate the role of myosins in cytoplasmic
mechanics, and early ascidian oocytes of Phallusia mammillata at fertilization
stage. Our biological use-cases exemplify the application versatility of Rheo-FLUCS,
which in the future may use phase information as a marker for developmental success.'
acknowledgement: The authors gratefully acknowledge help from Dr. Benjamin Seelbinder,
Mr. Claudius George, and Mr. Falk Elsner in designing and constructing the magnetic
needle for force-driven rheology experiments. We thank Dr. Iain Patten for valuable
discussions on the structure of the manuscript and Mr. Ivan Saraev for graphics
support. I.D.S. and M.K. kindly acknowledge funding from the Life grant by Volkswagen
Foundation (Life! grant no. 92772), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German
Research Foundation, Germany's Excellence Strategy, 2082/1 and grant no. 515462906),
and the Hector Foundation. I.D.S. was additionally funded by the Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (Excellence Strategy via the Young Investigator Group Preparation
Program). V.R.K., S.W., and M.K. thank the ERC Starting Grant GHOSTs (grant no.
853619).
article_number: pgag190
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Iliya D
full_name: Stoev, Iliya D
last_name: Stoev
- first_name: Madison
full_name: Bolger-Munro, Madison
id: 516F03FA-93A3-11EA-A7C5-D6BE3DDC885E
last_name: Bolger-Munro
orcid: 0000-0002-8176-4824
- first_name: Antonio
full_name: Minopoli, Antonio
last_name: Minopoli
- first_name: Susan
full_name: Wagner, Susan
last_name: Wagner
- first_name: Venkat Raghavan
full_name: Krishnaswamy, Venkat Raghavan
last_name: Krishnaswamy
- first_name: Elena
full_name: Erben, Elena
last_name: Erben
- first_name: Kai
full_name: Weißenbruch, Kai
last_name: Weißenbruch
- first_name: Nicola
full_name: Maghelli, Nicola
last_name: Maghelli
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Bastmeyer, Martin
last_name: Bastmeyer
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Moritz
full_name: Kreysing, Moritz
last_name: Kreysing
biorxivid: 1
citation:
ama: Stoev ID, Bolger-Munro M, Minopoli A, et al. Active and probe-free intracellular
rheology via phase-sensitive thermoviscous flows. PNAS Nexus. 2026;5(6).
doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag190
apa: Stoev, I. D., Bolger-Munro, M., Minopoli, A., Wagner, S., Krishnaswamy, V.
R., Erben, E., … Kreysing, M. (2026). Active and probe-free intracellular rheology
via phase-sensitive thermoviscous flows. PNAS Nexus. Oxford University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag190
chicago: Stoev, Iliya D, Madison Bolger-Munro, Antonio Minopoli, Susan Wagner, Venkat
Raghavan Krishnaswamy, Elena Erben, Kai Weißenbruch, et al. “Active and Probe-Free
Intracellular Rheology via Phase-Sensitive Thermoviscous Flows.” PNAS Nexus.
Oxford University Press, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag190.
ieee: I. D. Stoev et al., “Active and probe-free intracellular rheology via
phase-sensitive thermoviscous flows,” PNAS Nexus, vol. 5, no. 6. Oxford
University Press, 2026.
ista: Stoev ID, Bolger-Munro M, Minopoli A, Wagner S, Krishnaswamy VR, Erben E,
Weißenbruch K, Maghelli N, Bastmeyer M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kreysing M. 2026. Active
and probe-free intracellular rheology via phase-sensitive thermoviscous flows.
PNAS Nexus. 5(6), pgag190.
mla: Stoev, Iliya D., et al. “Active and Probe-Free Intracellular Rheology via Phase-Sensitive
Thermoviscous Flows.” PNAS Nexus, vol. 5, no. 6, pgag190, Oxford University
Press, 2026, doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag190.
short: I.D. Stoev, M. Bolger-Munro, A. Minopoli, S. Wagner, V.R. Krishnaswamy, E.
Erben, K. Weißenbruch, N. Maghelli, M. Bastmeyer, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, M. Kreysing,
PNAS Nexus 5 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: 'All data and materials are made available on Zenodo public
repository under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20322020.'
date_created: 2026-07-13T09:50:12Z
date_published: 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-13T13:14:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag190
external_id:
biorxivid:
- 10.1101/2025.04.07.647540
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bb2c89ea73da762ad6423ac299ac3533
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date_created: 2026-07-13T13:13:56Z
date_updated: 2026-07-13T13:13:56Z
file_id: '22312'
file_name: 2026_PNASNexus_Stoev.pdf
file_size: 3073062
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-13T13:13:56Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 5'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- cell mechanics
- active microrheology
- noninvasiveness
- thermoviscous flows
- FLUCS
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: PNAS Nexus
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2752-6542
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Active and probe-free intracellular rheology via phase-sensitive thermoviscous
flows
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '18296'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: It is widely believed that information storage in neuronal circuits involves
nanoscopic structural changes at synapses, resulting in the formation of synaptic
engrams. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. To test this
conjecture, we combined chemical potentiation, functional analysis by paired pre-postsynaptic
recordings, and structural analysis by electron microscopy (EM) and freeze-fracture
replica labeling (FRL) at the murine hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, a key synapse
in the trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus. Biophysical analysis of synaptic
transmission revealed that forskolin-induced chemical potentiation increased the
readily releasable vesicle pool size and vesicular release probability by 146%
and 49%, respectively. Structural analysis of mossy fiber synapses by EM and FRL
demonstrated an increase in the number of vesicles close to the plasma membrane
and the number of clusters of the priming protein Munc13-1, indicating an increase
in the number of both docked and primed vesicles. Furthermore, FRL analysis revealed
a significant reduction of the distance between Munc13-1 and CaV2.1 Ca2+ channels,
suggesting reconfiguration of the channel-vesicle coupling nanotopography. Our
results indicate that presynaptic plasticity is associated with structural reorganization
of active zones. We propose that changes in potential nanoscopic organization
at synaptic vesicle release sites may be correlates of learning and memory at
a plastic central synapse.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Olena
full_name: Kim, Olena
id: 3F8ABDDA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kim
orcid: 0000-0003-2344-1039
citation:
ama: Kim O. Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration of
synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber
boutons. 2024. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296
apa: Kim, O. (2024). Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration
of synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber
boutons. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296
chicago: Kim, Olena. “Presynaptic CAMP-PKA-Mediated Potentiation Induces Reconfiguration
of Synaptic Vesicle Pools and Channel-Vesicle Coupling at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber
Boutons.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296.
ieee: O. Kim, “Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration
of synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber
boutons.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
ista: Kim O. 2024. Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration
of synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber
boutons, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296.
mla: Kim, Olena. Presynaptic CAMP-PKA-Mediated Potentiation Induces Reconfiguration
of Synaptic Vesicle Pools and Channel-Vesicle Coupling at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber
Boutons. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296.
short: O. Kim, (2024).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Olena
id: 3F8ABDDA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kim
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Yuji
id: 3337E116-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Okamoto
orcid: 0000-0003-0408-6094
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Walter
id: 3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kaufmann
orcid: 0000-0001-9735-5315
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: 'Nils '
last_name: Brose
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- contributor_type: supervisor
first_name: Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-10-11T10:12:17Z
date_published: 2024-10-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T12:20:33Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
- _id: RySh
- _id: EM-Fac
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18296
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 0a977e7df54c418251b10dfd3f8a015c
content_type: application/zip
creator: okim
date_created: 2024-10-11T10:04:19Z
date_updated: 2024-10-11T10:04:19Z
file_id: '18297'
file_name: Kim_et_al_2024_PlosBio_Source_data.zip
file_size: 164382
relation: main_file
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checksum: 5b9343d6b2035ac3185e390fad4d3830
content_type: text/plain
creator: okim
date_created: 2024-10-11T10:04:23Z
date_updated: 2024-10-11T10:04:23Z
file_id: '18298'
file_name: info.txt
file_size: 654
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-10-11T10:04:23Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
- short-term potentiation
- long-term potentiation
- presynaptic plasticity
- electron microscopy
- freeze-fracture replica labeling
- paired recordings
- forskolin
- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
- protein kinase A (PKA)
- neuromodulation
- synaptic vesicle pools
- presynaptic Ca2+ channels
- Munc13
- docking
- priming
- active zone
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
project:
- _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '692692'
name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '18603'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration of synaptic
vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '14530'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Most motions of many-body systems at any scale in nature with sufficient
degrees of freedom tend to be chaotic; reaching from the orbital motion of planets,
the air currents in our atmosphere, down to the water flowing through our pipelines
or the movement of a population of bacteria. To the observer it is therefore intriguing
when a moving collective exhibits order. Collective motion of flocks of birds,
schools of fish or swarms of self-propelled particles or robots have been studied
extensively over the past decades but the mechanisms involved in the transition
from chaos to order remain unclear. Here, the interactions, that in most systems
give rise to chaos, sustain order. In this thesis we investigate mechanisms that
preserve, destabilize or lead to the ordered state. We show that endothelial cells
migrating in circular confinements transition to a collective rotating state and
concomitantly synchronize the frequencies of nucleating actin waves within individual
cells. Consequently, the frequency dependent cell migration speed uniformizes
across the population. Complementary to the WAVE dependent nucleation of traveling
actin waves, we show that in leukocytes the actin polymerization depending on
WASp generates pushing forces locally at stationary patches. Next, in pipe flows,
we study methods to disrupt the self--sustaining cycle of turbulence and therefore
relaminarize the flow. While we find in pulsating flow conditions that turbulence
emerges through a helical instability during the decelerating phase. Finally,
we show quantitatively in brain slices of mice that wild-type control neurons
can compensate the migratory deficits of a genetically modified neuronal sub--population
in the developing cortex. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: Bio
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Riedl, Michael
id: 3BE60946-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Riedl
orcid: 0000-0003-4844-6311
citation:
ama: Riedl M. Synchronization in collectively moving active matter. 2023. doi:10.15479/14530
apa: Riedl, M. (2023). Synchronization in collectively moving active matter.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/14530
chicago: Riedl, Michael. “Synchronization in Collectively Moving Active Matter.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/14530.
ieee: M. Riedl, “Synchronization in collectively moving active matter,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
ista: Riedl M. 2023. Synchronization in collectively moving active matter. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Riedl, Michael. Synchronization in Collectively Moving Active Matter.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/14530.
short: M. Riedl, Synchronization in Collectively Moving Active Matter, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-11-15T09:59:03Z
date_published: 2023-11-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T13:29:13Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '530'
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.15479/14530
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 52e1d0ab6c1abe59c82dfe8c9ff5f83a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: mriedl
date_created: 2023-11-15T09:52:54Z
date_updated: 2023-11-15T09:52:54Z
file_id: '14536'
file_name: Thesis_Riedl_2023_corr.pdf
file_size: 36743942
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-11-15T09:52:54Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Synchronization
- Collective Movement
- Active Matter
- Cell Migration
- Active Colloids
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Updated Version
page: '260'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '461'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '10791'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7932'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '10703'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '12726'
relation: old_edition
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Björn
full_name: Hof, Björn
id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hof
orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: Synchronization in collectively moving active matter
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '11530'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A prediction of the classic active galactic nucleus (AGN) unification model
is the presence of ionization cones with different orientations depending on the
AGN type. Confirmations of this model exist for present times, but it is less
clear in the early Universe. Here, we use the morphology of giant Ly α nebulae
around AGNs at redshift z ∼ 3 to probe AGN emission and therefore the validity
of the AGN unification model at this redshift. We compare the spatial morphology
of 19 nebulae previously found around type I AGNs with a new sample of four Ly α
nebulae detected around type II AGNs. Using two independent techniques, we find
that nebulae around type II AGNs are more asymmetric than around type I, at least
at radial distances r > 30 physical kpc (pkpc) from the ionizing source. We conclude
that the type I and type II AGNs in our sample show evidence of different surrounding
ionizing geometries. This suggests that the classical AGN unification model is
also valid for high-redshift sources. Finally, we discuss how the lack of asymmetry
in the inner parts (r ≲ 30 pkpc) and the associated high values of the He II to
Ly α ratios in these regions could indicate additional sources of (hard) ionizing
radiation originating within or in proximity of the AGN host galaxies. This work
demonstrates that the morphologies of giant Ly α nebulae can be used to understand
and study the geometry of high-redshift AGNs on circumnuclear scales and it lays
the foundation for future studies using much larger statistical samples.
acknowledgement: SC and GP gratefully acknowledge support from Swiss National Science
Foundation grant PP00P2 163824. MK acknowledges support by DLR500R1904.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: J S
full_name: den Brok, J S
last_name: den Brok
- first_name: S
full_name: Cantalupo, S
last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: R
full_name: Mackenzie, R
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: R A
full_name: Marino, R A
last_name: Marino
- first_name: G
full_name: Pezzulli, G
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: S D
full_name: Johnson, S D
last_name: Johnson
- first_name: M
full_name: Krumpe, M
last_name: Krumpe
- first_name: T
full_name: Urrutia, T
last_name: Urrutia
- first_name: W
full_name: Kollatschny, W
last_name: Kollatschny
citation:
ama: den Brok JS, Cantalupo S, Mackenzie R, et al. Probing the AGN unification model
at redshift z ∼ 3 with MUSE observations of giant Lyα nebulae. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020;495(2):1874-1887. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1269
apa: den Brok, J. S., Cantalupo, S., Mackenzie, R., Marino, R. A., Pezzulli, G.,
Matthee, J. J., … Kollatschny, W. (2020). Probing the AGN unification model at
redshift z ∼ 3 with MUSE observations of giant Lyα nebulae. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1269
chicago: den Brok, J S, S Cantalupo, R Mackenzie, R A Marino, G Pezzulli, Jorryt
J Matthee, S D Johnson, M Krumpe, T Urrutia, and W Kollatschny. “Probing the AGN
Unification Model at Redshift z ∼ 3 with MUSE Observations of Giant Lyα Nebulae.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1269.
ieee: J. S. den Brok et al., “Probing the AGN unification model at redshift
z ∼ 3 with MUSE observations of giant Lyα nebulae,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 495, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp.
1874–1887, 2020.
ista: den Brok JS, Cantalupo S, Mackenzie R, Marino RA, Pezzulli G, Matthee JJ,
Johnson SD, Krumpe M, Urrutia T, Kollatschny W. 2020. Probing the AGN unification
model at redshift z ∼ 3 with MUSE observations of giant Lyα nebulae. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 495(2), 1874–1887.
mla: den Brok, J. S., et al. “Probing the AGN Unification Model at Redshift z ∼
3 with MUSE Observations of Giant Lyα Nebulae.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 495, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2020, pp.
1874–87, doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1269.
short: J.S. den Brok, S. Cantalupo, R. Mackenzie, R.A. Marino, G. Pezzulli, J.J.
Matthee, S.D. Johnson, M. Krumpe, T. Urrutia, W. Kollatschny, Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society 495 (2020) 1874–1887.
date_created: 2022-07-07T10:40:17Z
date_published: 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:17:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1269
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2005.01732'
intvolume: ' 495'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: active'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- intergalactic medium
- 'quasars: emission lines'
- 'quasars: general'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01732
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1874-1887
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Probing the AGN unification model at redshift z ∼ 3 with MUSE observations
of giant Lyα nebulae
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 495
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '11539'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Despite recent progress in understanding Ly α emitters (LAEs), relatively
little is known regarding their typical black hole activity across cosmic time.
Here, we study the X-ray and radio properties of ∼4000 LAEs at 2.2 < z < 6 from
the SC4K survey in the COSMOS field. We detect 254 (6.8per cent±0.4per cent)
LAEs individually in the X-rays (S/N > 3) with an average luminosity of 1044.31±0.01ergs−1
and average black hole accretion rate (BHAR) of 0.72±0.01 M⊙ yr−1, consistent
with moderate to high accreting active galactic neuclei (AGNs). We detect 120
sources in deep radio data (radio AGN fraction of 3.2per cent±0.3per cent). The
global AGN fraction (8.6per cent±0.4per cent) rises with Ly α luminosity and
declines with increasing redshift. For X-ray-detected LAEs, Ly α luminosities
correlate with the BHARs, suggesting that Ly α luminosity becomes a BHAR indicator.
Most LAEs (93.1per cent±0.6per cent) at 2 < z < 6 have no detectable X-ray emission
(BHARs < 0.017 M⊙ yr−1). The median star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming
LAEs from Ly α and radio luminosities is 7.6+6.6−2.8 M⊙ yr−1. The black hole to
galaxy growth ratio (BHAR/SFR) for LAEs is <0.0022, consistent with typical star-forming
galaxies and the local BHAR/SFR relation. We conclude that LAEs at 2 < z < 6 include
two different populations: an AGN population, where Ly α luminosity traces BHAR,
and another with low SFRs which remain undetected in even the deepest X-ray stacks
but is detected in the radio stacks.'
acknowledgement: JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden
University. We thank Camila Correa for help analysing snipshot merger trees. We
thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments. We also thank Jarle Brinchmann,
Rob Crain, Antonios Katsianis, Paola Popesso, and David Sobral for discussions and
suggestions. We also thank the participants of the Lorentz Center workshop ‘A Decade
of the Star-Forming Main Sequence’ held on 2017 September 4–8, for discussions and
ideas. We have benefited from the public available programming language PYTHON,
including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, and SCIPY (Hunter 2007) packages and the TOPCAT
analysis tool (Taylor 2013).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: João
full_name: Calhau, João
last_name: Calhau
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Ana
full_name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
last_name: Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Andra
full_name: Stroe, Andra
last_name: Stroe
- first_name: Brooke
full_name: Simmons, Brooke
last_name: Simmons
- first_name: Cassandra
full_name: Barlow-Hall, Cassandra
last_name: Barlow-Hall
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Adams, Benjamin
last_name: Adams
citation:
ama: 'Calhau J, Sobral D, Santos S, et al. The X-ray and radio activity of typical
and luminous Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a diverse, evolving
population. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020;493(3):3341-3362.
doi:10.1093/mnras/staa476'
apa: 'Calhau, J., Sobral, D., Santos, S., Matthee, J. J., Paulino-Afonso, A., Stroe,
A., … Adams, B. (2020). The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous Ly α
emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a diverse, evolving population. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa476'
chicago: 'Calhau, João, David Sobral, Sérgio Santos, Jorryt J Matthee, Ana Paulino-Afonso,
Andra Stroe, Brooke Simmons, Cassandra Barlow-Hall, and Benjamin Adams. “The X-Ray
and Radio Activity of Typical and Luminous Ly α Emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6:
Evidence for a Diverse, Evolving Population.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa476.'
ieee: 'J. Calhau et al., “The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous
Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a diverse, evolving population,”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 493, no. 3. Oxford
University Press, pp. 3341–3362, 2020.'
ista: 'Calhau J, Sobral D, Santos S, Matthee JJ, Paulino-Afonso A, Stroe A, Simmons
B, Barlow-Hall C, Adams B. 2020. The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous
Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a diverse, evolving population.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493(3), 3341–3362.'
mla: 'Calhau, João, et al. “The X-Ray and Radio Activity of Typical and Luminous
Ly α Emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a Diverse, Evolving Population.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 493, no. 3, Oxford
University Press, 2020, pp. 3341–62, doi:10.1093/mnras/staa476.'
short: J. Calhau, D. Sobral, S. Santos, J.J. Matthee, A. Paulino-Afonso, A. Stroe,
B. Simmons, C. Barlow-Hall, B. Adams, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 493 (2020) 3341–3362.
date_created: 2022-07-08T07:34:10Z
date_published: 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:25:31Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa476
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1909.11672'
intvolume: ' 493'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: active'
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'quasars: supermassive black holes'
- 'galaxies: star formation'
- 'cosmology: observations'
- 'X-rays: galaxies'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11672
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 3341-3362
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous Ly α emitters from z
∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: Evidence for a diverse, evolving population'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 493
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '11557'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Deep narrow-band surveys have revealed a large population of faint Ly α emitters
(LAEs) in the distant Universe, but relatively little is known about the most
luminous sources (LLyα≳1042.7 erg s−1; LLyα≳L∗Lyα). Here we present the spectroscopic
follow-up of 21 luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 found with panoramic narrow-band surveys
over five independent extragalactic fields (≈4 × 106 Mpc3 surveyed at z ∼ 2.2
and z ∼ 3.1). We use WHT/ISIS, Keck/DEIMOS, and VLT/X-SHOOTER to study these sources
using high ionization UV lines. Luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 have blue UV slopes (β=−2.0+0.3−0.1)
and high Ly α escape fractions (50+20−15 per cent) and span five orders of magnitude
in UV luminosity (MUV ≈ −19 to −24). Many (70 per cent) show at least one high
ionization rest-frame UV line such as C IV, N V, C III], He II or O III], typically
blue-shifted by ≈100–200 km s−1 relative to Ly α. Their Ly α profiles reveal a
wide variety of shapes, including significant blue-shifted components and widths
from 200 to 4000 km s−1. Overall, 60 ± 11 per cent appear to be active galactic
nucleus (AGN) dominated, and at LLyα > 1043.3 erg s−1 and/or MUV < −21.5 virtually
all LAEs are AGNs with high ionization parameters (log U = 0.6 ± 0.5) and with
metallicities of ≈0.5 − 1 Z⊙. Those lacking signatures of AGNs (40 ± 11 per cent)
have lower ionization parameters (logU=−3.0+1.6−0.9 and log ξion = 25.4 ± 0.2)
and are apparently metal-poor sources likely powered by young, dust-poor ‘maximal’
starbursts. Our results show that luminous LAEs at z ∼ 2–3 are a diverse population
and that 2×L∗Lyα and 2×M∗UV mark a sharp transition in the nature of LAEs, from
star formation dominated to AGN dominated.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous reviewer for their timely and constructive
comments that greatly helped us to improve the manuscript. DS acknowledges financial
support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through
a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal
Grant A100679. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden
University. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics
Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G, and the National Science
Foundation, grant number 1716907. IRS acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced
Grant DUSTYGAL (321334), STFC (ST/P000541/1), and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit
Award. PNB is grateful for support from STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. We thank Anne
Verhamme, Kimihiko Nakajima, Ryan Trainor, Sangeeta Malhotra, Max Gronke, James
Rhoads, Fang Xia An, Matthew Hayes, Takashi Kojima, Mark Dijkstra, and Anne Jaskot
for many helpful and engaging discussions, particularly during the SnowCLAW Ly α
workshop. We thank Bruno Ribeiro, Stephane Charlot, and Joseph Caruana for comments
on the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Ingrid Tengs, Meg Singleton,
Ali Khostovan, and Sara Perez for participating in part of the observations. We
also thank Joao Calhau, Leah Morabito, Sergio Santos, and Aayush Saxena for their
assistance with the narrow-band observations which allowed to select some of the
sour ces. Based on observations obtained with the William Herschel Telescope, program:
W16AN004; the Very Large Telescope, programs: 098.A-0819 & 099.A-0254; and the Keck
II telescope, program: C267D. Based on data products from observations made with
ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018,
294.A-5039, 092.A-0786, 093.A-0561, 097.A-0943, 098.A-0819, 099.A-0254 and 179.A-2005.
The authors acknowledge the award of service time (SW2014b20) on the WHT. WHT and
its service programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton
Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias. The authors would also like to thank all the extremely
helpful observatory staff that have greatly contributed towards our observations,
particularly Fiona Riddick, Lilian Dominguez, Florencia Jimenez, and Ian Skillen.
We have benefited greatly from the publicly available programming language PYTHON,
including the NUMPY & SCIPY (Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011; Jones et al.
2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), and
the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013). This research has made use of the VizieR
catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: Philip N
full_name: Best, Philip N
last_name: Best
- first_name: Lara
full_name: Alegre, Lara
last_name: Alegre
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Bahram
full_name: Mobasher, Bahram
last_name: Mobasher
- first_name: Ana
full_name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
last_name: Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Andra
full_name: Stroe, Andra
last_name: Stroe
- first_name: Iván
full_name: Oteo, Iván
last_name: Oteo
citation:
ama: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, et al. The nature of luminous Ly α emitters
at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2018;477(2):2817-2840. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty782'
apa: 'Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Darvish, B., Smail, I., Best, P. N., Alegre, L.,
… Oteo, I. (2018). The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor
starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782'
chicago: 'Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Behnam Darvish, Ian Smail, Philip N Best,
Lara Alegre, Huub Röttgering, et al. “The Nature of Luminous Ly α Emitters at
z ∼ 2–3: Maximal Dust-Poor Starbursts and Highly Ionizing AGN.” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty782.'
ieee: 'D. Sobral et al., “The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3:
Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 477, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp.
2817–2840, 2018.'
ista: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, Smail I, Best PN, Alegre L, Röttgering H,
Mobasher B, Paulino-Afonso A, Stroe A, Oteo I. 2018. The nature of luminous Ly
α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts and highly ionizing AGN. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 477(2), 2817–2840.'
mla: 'Sobral, David, et al. “The Nature of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal
Dust-Poor Starbursts and Highly Ionizing AGN.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 477, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp.
2817–40, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty782.'
short: D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, B. Darvish, I. Smail, P.N. Best, L. Alegre, H. Röttgering,
B. Mobasher, A. Paulino-Afonso, A. Stroe, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society 477 (2018) 2817–2840.
date_created: 2022-07-12T07:18:02Z
date_published: 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T07:01:08Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty782
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1802.10102'
intvolume: ' 477'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: active'
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'galaxies: ISM'
- 'galaxies: starburst'
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.10102
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2817-2840
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The nature of luminous Ly α emitters at z ∼ 2–3: Maximal dust-poor starbursts
and highly ionizing AGN'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 477
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '11561'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present a sample of ∼1000 emission-line galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7 from the
∼0.7deg2 High-z Emission-Line Survey in the Boötes field identified with a suite
of six narrow-band filters at ≈0.4–2.1 μm. These galaxies have been selected on
their Ly α (73), [O II] (285), H β/[O III] (387) or H α (362) emission line, and
have been classified with optical to near-infrared colours. A subsample of 98
sources have reliable redshifts from multiple narrow-band (e.g. [O II]–H α) detections
and/or spectroscopy. In this survey paper, we present the observations, selection
and catalogues of emitters. We measure number densities of Ly α, [O II], H β/[O III]
and H α and confirm strong luminosity evolution in star-forming galaxies from
z ∼ 0.4 to ∼5, in agreement with previous results. To demonstrate the usefulness
of dual-line emitters, we use the sample of dual [O II]–H α emitters to measure
the observed [O II]/H α ratio at z = 1.47. The observed [O II]/H α ratio increases
significantly from 0.40 ± 0.01 at z = 0.1 to 0.52 ± 0.05 at z = 1.47, which we
attribute to either decreasing dust attenuation with redshift, or due to a bias
in the (typically) fibre measurements in the local Universe that only measure
the central kpc regions. At the bright end, we find that both the H α and Ly α
number densities at z ≈ 2.2 deviate significantly from a Schechter form, following
a power law. We show that this is driven entirely by an increasing X-ray/active
galactic nucleus fraction with line luminosity, which reaches ≈100 per cent at
line luminosities L ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s−1.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Philip
full_name: Best, Philip
last_name: Best
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: Fuyan
full_name: Bian, Fuyan
last_name: Bian
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Xiaohui
full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
last_name: Fan
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, et al. Boötes-HiZELS: An optical to near-infrared
survey of emission-line galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. 2017;471(1):629-649. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1569'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Best, P., Smail, I., Bian, F., Darvish, B., …
Fan, X. (2017). Boötes-HiZELS: An optical to near-infrared survey of emission-line
galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1569'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Philip Best, Ian Smail, Fuyan Bian, Behnam
Darvish, Huub Röttgering, and Xiaohui Fan. “Boötes-HiZELS: An Optical to near-Infrared
Survey of Emission-Line Galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1569.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “Boötes-HiZELS: An optical to near-infrared
survey of emission-line galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7,” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 471, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 629–649,
2017.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, Smail I, Bian F, Darvish B, Röttgering H, Fan
X. 2017. Boötes-HiZELS: An optical to near-infrared survey of emission-line galaxies
at z = 0.4–4.7. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(1), 629–649.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Boötes-HiZELS: An Optical to near-Infrared Survey
of Emission-Line Galaxies at z = 0.4–4.7.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 471, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 629–49, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1569.'
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, P. Best, I. Smail, F. Bian, B. Darvish, H. Röttgering,
X. Fan, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 629–649.
date_created: 2022-07-12T11:01:35Z
date_published: 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-14T11:34:07Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1569
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1702.04721'
intvolume: ' 471'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics galaxies
- active
- galaxies
- evolution
- galaxies
- high-redshift
- galaxies
- luminosity function
- mass function
- 'galaxies: star formation'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.04721
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 629-649
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0035-8711
- 1365-2966
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Boötes-HiZELS: An optical to near-infrared survey of emission-line galaxies
at z = 0.4–4.7'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 471
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11566'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: While traditionally associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN), the properties
of the C II] (λ = 2326 Å), C III] (λ, λ = 1907, 1909 Å) and C IV (λ, λ = 1549,
1551 Å) emission lines are still uncertain as large, unbiased samples of sources
are scarce. We present the first blind, statistical study of C II], C III] and
C IV emitters at z ∼ 0.68, 1.05, 1.53, respectively, uniformly selected down to
a flux limit of ∼4 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−1 through a narrow-band survey covering
an area of ∼1.4 deg2 over COSMOS and UDS. We detect 16 C II], 35 C III] and 17
C IV emitters, whose nature we investigate using optical colours as well as Hubble
Space Telescope (HST), X-ray, radio and far-infrared data. We find that z ∼ 0.7
C II] emitters are consistent with a mixture of blue (UV slope β = −2.0 ± 0.4)
star-forming (SF) galaxies with discy HST structure and AGN with Seyfert-like
morphologies. Bright C II] emitters have individual X-ray detections as well as
high average black hole accretion rates (BHARs) of ∼0.1 M⊙ yr−1. C III] emitters
at z ∼ 1.05 trace a general population of SF galaxies, with β = −0.8 ± 1.1, a
variety of optical morphologies, including isolated and interacting galaxies and
low BHAR (<0.02 M⊙ yr−1). Our C IV emitters at z ∼ 1.5 are consistent with young,
blue quasars (β ∼ −1.9) with point-like optical morphologies, bright X-ray counterparts
and large BHAR (0.8 M⊙ yr−1). We also find some surprising C II], C III] and
C IV emitters with rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs) that could be as large as
50–100 Å. AGN or spatial offsets between the UV continuum stellar disc and the
line-emitting regions may explain the large EW. These bright C II], C III] and
C IV emitters are ideal candidates for spectroscopic follow-up to fully unveil
their nature.
acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank the anonymous referee for her/his valuable
input that helped improve the clarity and interpretation of our results. DS acknowledges
financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO),
through a Veni fellowship. IO acknowledges support from the European Research Council
in the form of the Advanced Investigator Programme, 321302, COSMICISM. CALYMHA data
are based on observations made with the Isaac Newton Telescope (proposals 13AN002,
I14AN002, 088-INT7/14A, I14BN006, 118-INT13/14B, I15AN008) operated on the island
of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los
Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Also based on data products
from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under
ESO programme IDs 098.A-0819 and 179.A-2005. We are grateful to E. L. Wright and
J. Schombert for their cosmology calculator. We would like to thank the authors
of NUMPY (van der Walt et al. 2011), SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter
2007) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013) for making these packages
publicly available. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
(NED), which is '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Andra
full_name: Stroe, Andra
last_name: Stroe
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: João
full_name: Calhau, João
last_name: Calhau
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Oteo, Ivan
last_name: Oteo
citation:
ama: Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for
C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent
widths . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017;471(3):2558-2574.
doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1712
apa: Stroe, A., Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Calhau, J., & Oteo, I. (2017). A
1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies
and equivalent widths . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712
chicago: Stroe, Andra, David Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, João Calhau, and Ivan Oteo.
“A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature,
Morphologies and Equivalent Widths .” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1712.
ieee: A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J. J. Matthee, J. Calhau, and I. Oteo, “A 1.4 deg2 blind
survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and
equivalent widths ,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
vol. 471, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2558–2574, 2017.
ista: Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. 2017. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey
for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, morphologies and equivalent
widths . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(3), 2558–2574.
mla: Stroe, Andra, et al. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at
z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature, Morphologies and Equivalent Widths .” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 471, no. 3, Oxford University Press,
2017, pp. 2558–74, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1712.
short: A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, J. Calhau, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 2558–2574.
date_created: 2022-07-12T12:33:16Z
date_published: 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T07:59:57Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1712
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1703.10169'
intvolume: ' 471'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: active'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'quasars: emission lines'
- 'galaxies: star formation'
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10169
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2558-2574
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – I. Nature,
morphologies and equivalent widths '
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 471
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11567'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recently, the C III] and C IV emission lines have been observed in galaxies
in the early Universe (z > 5), providing new ways to measure their redshift and
study their stellar populations and active galactic nuclei (AGN). We explore the
first blind C II], C III] and C IV survey (z ∼ 0.68, 1.05, 1.53, respectively)
presented in Stroe et al. (2017). We derive luminosity functions (LF) and study
properties of C II], C III] and C IV line emitters through comparisons to the
LFs of H α and Ly α emitters, UV selected star-forming (SF) galaxies and quasars
at similar redshifts. The C II] LF at z ∼ 0.68 is equally well described by a
Schechter or a power-law LF, characteristic of a mixture of SF and AGN activity.
The C III] LF (z ∼ 1.05) is consistent to a scaled down version of the Schechter
H α and Ly α LF at their redshift, indicating a SF origin. In stark contrast,
the C IV LF at z ∼ 1.53 is well fit by a power-law, quasar-like LF. We find that
the brightest UV sources (MUV < −22) will universally have C III] and C IV emission.
However, on average, C III] and C IV are not as abundant as H α or Ly α emitters
at the same redshift, with cosmic average ratios of ∼0.02–0.06 to H α and ∼0.01–0.1
to intrinsic Ly α. We predict that the C III] and C IV lines can only be truly
competitive in confirming high-redshift candidates when the hosts are intrinsically
bright and the effective Ly α escape fraction is below 1 per cent. While C III]
and C IV were proposed as good tracers of young, relatively low-metallicity galaxies
typical of the early Universe, we find that, at least at z ∼ 1.5, C IV is exclusively
hosted by AGN/quasars, especially at large line equivalent widths.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Andra
full_name: Stroe, Andra
last_name: Stroe
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: João
full_name: Calhau, João
last_name: Calhau
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Oteo, Ivan
last_name: Oteo
citation:
ama: Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for
C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic average
line ratios. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017;471(3):2575-2586.
doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1713
apa: Stroe, A., Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Calhau, J., & Oteo, I. (2017). A
1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity
functions and cosmic average line ratios. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713
chicago: Stroe, Andra, David Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, João Calhau, and Ivan Oteo.
“A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity
Functions and Cosmic Average Line Ratios.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1713.
ieee: A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J. J. Matthee, J. Calhau, and I. Oteo, “A 1.4 deg2 blind
survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and
cosmic average line ratios,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
vol. 471, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2575–2586, 2017.
ista: Stroe A, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Calhau J, Oteo I. 2017. A 1.4 deg2 blind survey
for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity functions and cosmic
average line ratios. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(3),
2575–2586.
mla: Stroe, Andra, et al. “A 1.4 Deg2 Blind Survey for C II], C III] and C IV at
z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Average Line Ratios.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 471, no. 3, Oxford University
Press, 2017, pp. 2575–86, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1713.
short: A. Stroe, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, J. Calhau, I. Oteo, Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 2575–2586.
date_created: 2022-07-12T12:54:57Z
date_published: 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:02:04Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1713
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1703.10169'
intvolume: ' 471'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: active'
- 'galaxies: high redshift'
- 'galaxies: luminosity function'
- mass function
- 'quasars: emission lines'
- star formation
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10169
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2575-2586
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A 1.4 deg2 blind survey for C II], C III] and C IV at z ∼ 0.7–1.5 – II. Luminosity
functions and cosmic average line ratios
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 471
year: '2017'
...