---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22254'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The global rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for
new microbial metabolites from underexplored environments and taxonomic groups.
Extreme and geographically isolated habitats such as Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems
represent promising reservoirs of biosynthetic diversity, particularly among rare
and difficult-to-cultivate actinomycetes that may produce chemically diverse metabolites
with potential biotechnological applications. Here, we report the characterization
of kineochelins, a previously undescribed group of siderophores produced by the
Antarctic isolate Actinokineospora sp. UV203, representing a difficult-to-cultivate
actinomycete lineage. Structural elucidation revealed a set of closely related
congeners with a mixed-ligand architecture consistent with metal-chelating activity.
Genome mining combined with transcriptomic analysis identified a dedicated nonribosomal
peptide synthetase-encoding biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for kineochelin
production. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that, although kineochelin
biosynthetic genes share limited similarity with known mixed-ligand siderophores,
their gene content and organization differ substantially, suggesting a distinct
biosynthetic lineage. Functional characterization of the culture supernatant and
an enriched pre-purified kineochelin fraction demonstrated strong and selective
iron chelation, with high affinity for ferric and ferrous iron. Crude culture
extracts inhibited the growth of bacterial strains isolated from the same Antarctic
environment, indicating that kineochelins may contribute to iron-mediated microbial
competition. In addition, kineochelin-enriched pre-purified fractions showed moderate
selective inhibitory activity against the opportunistic yeast pathogen Nakaseomyces
glabratus and a clinical isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae associated with invasive
infection. These findings expand the chemical and biosynthetic diversity known
within the genus Actinokineospora and demonstrate that Antarctic rare actinomycetes
represent valuable sources of previously unexplored natural products. The discovery
of kineochelins highlights the potential of genome-guided exploration of polar
microorganisms for identifying bioactive metabolites with relevance for antimicrobial
discovery and biotechnology.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Czech Antarctic Research Programme
2025–2027 (VAN 2025) and the University of Vienna via the Research Platform Secondary
Metabolomes of Bacterial Communities (MetaBac). S.K. has received funding from the
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie
Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101020356 (DEFCOMANT, https://doi.org/10.3030/101020356)
and MASH StG/CoG (MUNI/SC/1946/2024) by Masaryk University. T.R. and A.L. were funded
in part by the Austrian Science Fund FWF [grant DOI https://doi.org/10.55776/COE7].
M.B. was funded by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic—conceptual development
of research organization (FNBr, 65269705). The Life Science Compute Cluster LiSC
at the University of Vienna provided the high-performance computing infrastructure
for this study. We thank Julia Ramesmayer and Sara Malinowski (Joint Microbiome
Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna) for assistance
during high molecular weight extraction and RNA extraction. The authors thank Anna
Fabisikova and Michael Klemm-Abraham from the Mass Spectrometry Centre and the team
of the NMR Centre (both core facilities of the Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, and members of the Vienna Life Science Instruments) for assistance with
data acquisition. We are thankful to Dr. Jaime Felipe Guerrero Garzón for helpful
discussions on the use of a rrn operon promoter strategy. For open access purposes,
the authors have applied for a CC BY public copyright licence to any author-accepted
manuscript version arising from this submission. Dr. Martin Kello (Department of
Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia)
and Dr. Michal Goga (Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Center
for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, Pavol Jozef Šafárik
University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia), funded by VEGA 1/0498/23, are acknowledged
for their assistance with the antiproliferative assays. This work was supported
by Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, 101020356; Universität Wien, MetaBac; Ministry
of Education, Youth and Sports, VAN 2025; Masarykova Univerzita, MUNI/SC/1946/2024;
Austrian Science Fund, 10.55776/COE7; Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví České Republiky,
FNBr, 65269705; Vedecká grantová agentúra Ministerstva školstva, výskumu, vývoja
a mládeže Slovenskej republiky a Slovenskej akadémie vied, VEGA 1/0498/23.
article_number: e70386
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stanislava
full_name: Kralova, Stanislava
last_name: Kralova
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Spacek, Peter
last_name: Spacek
- first_name: Johannes
full_name: Gafriller, Johannes
last_name: Gafriller
- first_name: Matej
full_name: Bezdicek, Matej
last_name: Bezdicek
- first_name: Viktoria
full_name: Medvedcova, Viktoria
last_name: Medvedcova
- first_name: Joana
full_name: Séneca, Joana
last_name: Séneca
- first_name: Jay
full_name: Osvatic, Jay
last_name: Osvatic
- first_name: Ulrike
full_name: Grienke, Ulrike
last_name: Grienke
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Rattei, Thomas
last_name: Rattei
- first_name: Olga N.
full_name: Sekurova, Olga N.
last_name: Sekurova
- first_name: Sergey B.
full_name: Zotchev, Sergey B.
last_name: Zotchev
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Zehl, Martin
id: 8e016d5b-5d77-11f0-86d2-96cdb3922a55
last_name: Zehl
orcid: 0000-0001-9685-0373
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Loy, Alexander
last_name: Loy
biorxivid: 1
citation:
ama: Kralova S, Spacek P, Gafriller J, et al. Kineochelins - A new group of siderophores
from an antarctic bacterium. Microbial Biotechnology. 2026;19(6). doi:10.1111/1751-7915.70386
apa: Kralova, S., Spacek, P., Gafriller, J., Bezdicek, M., Medvedcova, V., Séneca,
J., … Loy, A. (2026). Kineochelins - A new group of siderophores from an antarctic
bacterium. Microbial Biotechnology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70386
chicago: Kralova, Stanislava, Peter Spacek, Johannes Gafriller, Matej Bezdicek,
Viktoria Medvedcova, Joana Séneca, Jay Osvatic, et al. “Kineochelins - A New Group
of Siderophores from an Antarctic Bacterium.” Microbial Biotechnology.
Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70386.
ieee: S. Kralova et al., “Kineochelins - A new group of siderophores from
an antarctic bacterium,” Microbial Biotechnology, vol. 19, no. 6. Wiley,
2026.
ista: Kralova S, Spacek P, Gafriller J, Bezdicek M, Medvedcova V, Séneca J, Osvatic
J, Grienke U, Rattei T, Sekurova ON, Zotchev SB, Zehl M, Loy A. 2026. Kineochelins
- A new group of siderophores from an antarctic bacterium. Microbial Biotechnology.
19(6), e70386.
mla: Kralova, Stanislava, et al. “Kineochelins - A New Group of Siderophores from
an Antarctic Bacterium.” Microbial Biotechnology, vol. 19, no. 6, e70386,
Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1111/1751-7915.70386.
short: S. Kralova, P. Spacek, J. Gafriller, M. Bezdicek, V. Medvedcova, J. Séneca,
J. Osvatic, U. Grienke, T. Rattei, O.N. Sekurova, S.B. Zotchev, M. Zehl, A. Loy,
Microbial Biotechnology 19 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The genome sequence and transcriptomic data of strain Actinokineospora
sp. UV203 are available on NCBI (BioProject accession number PRJNA1331526). The
nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene (1395 bp) of strain Actinokineospora sp. UV203
is available on NCBI (accession number PX090945). The NMR data of kineochelin E1
and A1 are deposited in the Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database (NP-MRD)
under accession numbers NP0352113 and NP0352114, respectively.
date_created: 2026-07-08T09:19:43Z
date_published: 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-13T06:59:08Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MassSpec
doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.70386
external_id:
biorxivid:
- 10.64898/2026.02.23.707395
pmid:
- '42210522'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 4f735714644f1049b22b014225843d8d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-07-13T06:57:19Z
date_updated: 2026-07-13T06:57:19Z
file_id: '22271'
file_name: 2026_MicrobialBiotechnology_Kralova.pdf
file_size: 2497486
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-13T06:57:19Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70386
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Actinokineospora
- Antarctica
- antimicrobial discovery
- biosynthetic gene cluster
- genome mining
- microbial competition
- nonribosomalpeptide synthetase
- siderophores
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Microbial Biotechnology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1751-7915
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Kineochelins - A new group of siderophores from an antarctic bacterium
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '14705'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s,
this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been
the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms
underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination,
are still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for
Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level
genome assembly of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake,
USA. The genome is 1GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into
21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed
coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads
to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally,
we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found
further evidence for dosage compensation in this species.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marwan N
full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N
id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
last_name: Elkrewi
orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
citation:
ama: Elkrewi MN. Data from “Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds
light on sex-chromosome differentiation.” 2024. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705
apa: Elkrewi, M. N. (2024). Data from “Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana
sheds light on sex-chromosome differentiation.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705
chicago: Elkrewi, Marwan N. “Data from ‘Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana
Sheds Light on Sex-Chromosome Differentiation.’” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705.
ieee: M. N. Elkrewi, “Data from ‘Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana
sheds light on sex-chromosome differentiation.’” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024.
ista: Elkrewi MN. 2024. Data from ‘Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana
sheds light on sex-chromosome differentiation’, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705.
mla: Elkrewi, Marwan N. Data from “Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana
Sheds Light on Sex-Chromosome Differentiation.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705.
short: M.N. Elkrewi, (2024).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Vincent K
id: 57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425
last_name: Bett
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Ariana
id: 2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Macon
- contributor_type: supervisor
first_name: Beatriz
id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vicoso
orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Marwan N
id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
last_name: Elkrewi
orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-12-22T13:40:48Z
date_published: 2024-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:13:43Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705
doi_confirm: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bdaf1392867786634ec5466d528c36ca
content_type: text/plain
creator: melkrewi
date_created: 2023-12-22T13:54:21Z
date_updated: 2023-12-22T13:54:21Z
file_id: '14707'
file_name: readme.txt.txt
file_size: 847
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 973e1cbdab923a71709782177980829f
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: melkrewi
date_created: 2023-12-22T14:14:06Z
date_updated: 2023-12-22T14:14:06Z
file_id: '14708'
file_name: data_artemia_franciscana_genome.zip
file_size: 343632753
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-12-22T14:14:06Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14705
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- sex chromosome evolution
- genome assembly
- dosage compensation
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396
grant_number: F8810
name: The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '15009'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Data from "Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on
sex-chromosome differentiation"
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '14614'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Many insects carry an ancient X chromosome—the Drosophila Muller element
F—that likely predates their origin. Interestingly, the X has undergone turnover
in multiple fly species (Diptera) after being conserved for more than 450 My.
The long evolutionary distance between Diptera and other sequenced insect clades
makes it difficult to infer what could have contributed to this sudden increase
in rate of turnover. Here, we produce the first genome and transcriptome of scorpionflies
(genus Panorpa), an insect belonging to a long overlooked sister-order to Diptera:
Mecoptera. Combining our genome assembly with genomic short-read data, we obtain
genome coverage and identify X-linked super-scaffolds. We further perform a gene
homology analysis between the Panorpa X and a closely related Diptera species,
and we assess the conservation of the Panorpa X-linked gene content with that
of more distantly related insect species. We explored the structure of the Panorpa
X by determining its repeat content, GC content, and nucleotide diversity. Finally,
we used RNAseq data to detect the presence of dosage compensation in somatic tissues,
as well as to explore gene expression tissue-specificity, and sex-bias in gene
expression. We find high conservation of gene content between the mecopteran X
and the dipteran Muller F element, as well as several shared biological features,
such as the presence of dosage compensation and a low amount of genetic diversity,
consistent with a low recombination rate. However, the 2 homologous X chromosomes
differ strikingly in their size and number of genes they carry. Our results therefore
support a common ancestry of the mecopteran and ancestral dipteran X chromosomes,
and suggest that Muller element F shrank in size and gene content after the split
of Diptera and Mecoptera, which may have contributed to its turnover in dipteran
insects.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Clementine
full_name: Lasne, Clementine
id: 02225f57-50d2-11eb-9ed8-8c92b9a34237
last_name: Lasne
orcid: 0000-0002-1197-8616
- first_name: Marwan N
full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N
id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
last_name: Elkrewi
orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
citation:
ama: Lasne C, Elkrewi MN. The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights conserved
and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome. 2023. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614
apa: Lasne, C., & Elkrewi, M. N. (2023). The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome
highlights conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614
chicago: Lasne, Clementine, and Marwan N Elkrewi. “The Scorpionfly (Panorpa Cognata)
Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614.
ieee: C. Lasne and M. N. Elkrewi, “The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights
conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
ista: Lasne C, Elkrewi MN. 2023. The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights
conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614.
mla: Lasne, Clementine, and Marwan N. Elkrewi. The Scorpionfly (Panorpa Cognata)
Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614.
short: C. Lasne, M.N. Elkrewi, (2023).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Marwan N
id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
last_name: Elkrewi
orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-11-27T16:39:19Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:33:22Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: cd0f13322b5156819ecaebd2bc8e7d12
content_type: application/zip
creator: clasne
date_created: 2023-11-28T13:15:26Z
date_updated: 2023-11-28T13:15:26Z
file_id: '14625'
file_name: panorpaX.zip
file_size: 404968272
relation: main_file
success: 1
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 9ff600416577687a737cb3c96dfcb26c
content_type: text/plain
creator: clasne
date_created: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
file_id: '14634'
file_name: panorpa_readme.txt
file_size: 2625
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Panorpa
- scorpionfly
- genome
- transcriptome
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '14613'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights conserved and derived features
of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '896'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved a range of mechanisms for immune recognition.
A widespread family involved in innate immunity are the NACHT-domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing
(NLR) proteins.Mammals have small numbers of NLR proteins, whereas in some species,
mostly those without adaptive immune systems, NLRs have expanded into very large
families.We describe a family of nearly 400NLR proteins encoded in the zebrafish
genome. The proteins share a defining overall structure, which arose in fishes
after a fusion of the core NLR domains with a B30.2 domain, but can be subdivided
into four groups based on their NACHT domains. Gene conversion acting differentially
on the NACHT and B30.2 domains has shaped the family and created the groups. Evidence
of positive selection in the B30.2 domain indicates that this domain rather than
the leucine-rich repeats acts as the pathogen recognition module. In an unusual
chromosomal organization, the majority of the genes are located on one chromosome
arm, interspersed with other large multigene families, including a new family
encoding zinc-finger proteins. The NLR-B30.2 proteins represent a new family with
diversity in the specific recognition module that is present in fishes in spite
of the parallel existence of an adaptive immune system.
acknowledgement: Financial support was provided by EMBO and the DFG SFB 670 'Zellautonome
Immunität' to M.L., DFG SFB 680 'Molecular basis of evolutionary innovation' to
T.W., DFG SPP1819 to M.L. and T.W., the HHMI International Early Career Scientist
Programme (55007424), MINECO (Sev-2012-0208), AGAUR programme (2014 SGR 0974), and
an ERC Starting Grant (335980-EinME) to F.K., the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
to J.M., the Wellcome Trust to K.H. (zebrafish genome sequencing project) and the
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) grant HG002659 to G.K.L. (gene
annotation), and a grant from the Volkswagen Foundation to P.H.S. We thank the CHEOPS
support team and the Bundesland Nordrhein Westfalen for making HPC applications
freely available at the University of Cologne.
article_number: ' 160009'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Howe, Kerstin
last_name: Howe
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Schiffer, Philipp
last_name: Schiffer
- first_name: Julia
full_name: Zielinski, Julia
last_name: Zielinski
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Wiehe, Thomas
last_name: Wiehe
- first_name: Gavin
full_name: Laird, Gavin
last_name: Laird
- first_name: John
full_name: Marioni, John
last_name: Marioni
- first_name: Onuralp
full_name: Soylemez, Onuralp
last_name: Soylemez
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Leptin, Maria
last_name: Leptin
citation:
ama: Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, et al. Structure and evolutionary history
of a large family of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. 2016;6(4).
doi:10.1098/rsob.160009
apa: Howe, K., Schiffer, P., Zielinski, J., Wiehe, T., Laird, G., Marioni, J., …
Leptin, M. (2016). Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR
proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009
chicago: Howe, Kerstin, Philipp Schiffer, Julia Zielinski, Thomas Wiehe, Gavin Laird,
John Marioni, Onuralp Soylemez, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Maria Leptin. “Structure
and Evolutionary History of a Large Family of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.”
Open Biology. Royal Society, The, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009.
ieee: K. Howe et al., “Structure and evolutionary history of a large family
of NLR proteins in the zebrafish,” Open Biology, vol. 6, no. 4. Royal Society,
The, 2016.
ista: Howe K, Schiffer P, Zielinski J, Wiehe T, Laird G, Marioni J, Soylemez O,
Kondrashov F, Leptin M. 2016. Structure and evolutionary history of a large family
of NLR proteins in the zebrafish. Open Biology. 6(4), 160009.
mla: Howe, Kerstin, et al. “Structure and Evolutionary History of a Large Family
of NLR Proteins in the Zebrafish.” Open Biology, vol. 6, no. 4, 160009,
Royal Society, The, 2016, doi:10.1098/rsob.160009.
short: K. Howe, P. Schiffer, J. Zielinski, T. Wiehe, G. Laird, J. Marioni, O. Soylemez,
F. Kondrashov, M. Leptin, Open Biology 6 (2016).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:04Z
date_published: 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-20T09:09:18Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1098/rsob.160009
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '27248802'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- NACHT
- B30
- SPRY
- Gene conversion
- Innate immune system
- Genome evolution
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160009
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Open Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2046-2441
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society, The
publist_id: '6754'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Structure and evolutionary history of a large family of NLR proteins in the
zebrafish
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 6
year: '2016'
...