---
_id: '7383'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Organisms cope with change by employing transcriptional regulators. However,
    when faced with rare environments, the evolution of transcriptional regulators
    and their promoters may be too slow. We ask whether the intrinsic instability
    of gene duplication and amplification provides a generic alternative to canonical
    gene regulation. By real-time monitoring of gene copy number mutations in E. coli,
    we show that gene duplications and amplifications enable adaptation to fluctuating
    environments by rapidly generating copy number, and hence expression level, polymorphism.
    This ‘amplification-mediated gene expression tuning’ occurs on timescales similar
    to canonical gene regulation and can deal with rapid environmental changes. Mathematical
    modeling shows that amplifications also tune gene expression in stochastic environments
    where transcription factor-based schemes are hard to evolve or maintain. The fleeting
    nature of gene amplifications gives rise to a generic population-level mechanism
    that relies on genetic heterogeneity to rapidly tune expression of any gene, without
    leaving any genomic signature.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rok
  full_name: Grah, Rok
  id: 483E70DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Grah
  orcid: 0000-0003-2539-3560
citation:
  ama: 'Grah R. Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of Population-Level
    Gene Expression regulation. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383</a>'
  apa: 'Grah, R. (2020). Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form
    of Population-Level Gene Expression regulation. Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383</a>'
  chicago: 'Grah, Rok. “Matlab Scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form
    of Population-Level Gene Expression Regulation.” Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Grah, “Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of Population-Level
    Gene Expression regulation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.'
  ista: 'Grah R. 2020. Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form
    of Population-Level Gene Expression regulation, Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383</a>.'
  mla: 'Grah, Rok. <i>Matlab Scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of
    Population-Level Gene Expression Regulation</i>. Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383</a>.'
  short: R. Grah, (2020).
contributor:
- contributor_type: project_leader
  first_name: Calin C
  id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Guet
  orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-01-28T10:41:49Z
date_published: 2020-01-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-12T07:34:12Z
day: '28'
department:
- _id: CaGu
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9d292cf5207b3829225f44c044cdb3fd
  content_type: application/zip
  creator: rgrah
  date_created: 2020-01-28T10:39:40Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z
  file_id: '7384'
  file_name: Scripts.zip
  file_size: 73363365
  relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 4076ceab32ef588cc233802bab24c1ab
  content_type: text/plain
  creator: rgrah
  date_created: 2020-01-28T10:39:30Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z
  file_id: '7385'
  file_name: READ_ME_MAIN.txt
  file_size: 962
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Matlab scripts
- analysis of microfluidics
- mathematical model
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7652'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: 'Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of Population-Level
  Gene Expression regulation'
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...