---
_id: '14614'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Many insects carry an ancient X chromosome—the Drosophila Muller element
    F—that likely predates their origin. Interestingly, the X has undergone turnover
    in multiple fly species (Diptera) after being conserved for more than 450 My.
    The long evolutionary distance between Diptera and other sequenced insect clades
    makes it difficult to infer what could have contributed to this sudden increase
    in rate of turnover. Here, we produce the first genome and transcriptome of scorpionflies
    (genus Panorpa), an insect belonging to a long overlooked sister-order to Diptera:
    Mecoptera. Combining our genome assembly with genomic short-read data, we obtain
    genome coverage and identify X-linked super-scaffolds. We further perform a gene
    homology analysis between the Panorpa X and a closely related Diptera species,
    and we assess the conservation of the Panorpa X-linked gene content with that
    of more distantly related insect species. We explored the structure of the Panorpa
    X by determining its repeat content, GC content, and nucleotide diversity. Finally,
    we used RNAseq data to detect the presence of dosage compensation in somatic tissues,
    as well as to explore gene expression tissue-specificity, and sex-bias in gene
    expression. We find high conservation of gene content between the mecopteran X
    and the dipteran Muller F element, as well as several shared biological features,
    such as the presence of dosage compensation and a low amount of genetic diversity,
    consistent with a low recombination rate. However, the 2 homologous X chromosomes
    differ strikingly in their size and number of genes they carry. Our results therefore
    support a common ancestry of the mecopteran and ancestral dipteran X chromosomes,
    and suggest that Muller element F shrank in size and gene content after the split
    of Diptera and Mecoptera, which may have contributed to its turnover in dipteran
    insects.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Clementine
  full_name: Lasne, Clementine
  id: 02225f57-50d2-11eb-9ed8-8c92b9a34237
  last_name: Lasne
  orcid: 0000-0002-1197-8616
- first_name: Marwan N
  full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N
  id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
  last_name: Elkrewi
  orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
citation:
  ama: Lasne C, Elkrewi MN. The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights conserved
    and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome. 2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614">10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614</a>
  apa: Lasne, C., &#38; Elkrewi, M. N. (2023). The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome
    highlights conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome.
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614</a>
  chicago: Lasne, Clementine, and Marwan N Elkrewi. “The Scorpionfly (Panorpa Cognata)
    Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome.”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614</a>.
  ieee: C. Lasne and M. N. Elkrewi, “The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights
    conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome.” Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
  ista: Lasne C, Elkrewi MN. 2023. The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights
    conserved and derived features of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome, Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614">10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614</a>.
  mla: Lasne, Clementine, and Marwan N. Elkrewi. <i>The Scorpionfly (Panorpa Cognata)
    Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome</i>.
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614">10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614</a>.
  short: C. Lasne, M.N. Elkrewi, (2023).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
  first_name: Marwan N
  id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425
  last_name: Elkrewi
  orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-11-27T16:39:19Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:33:22Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:14614
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: cd0f13322b5156819ecaebd2bc8e7d12
  content_type: application/zip
  creator: clasne
  date_created: 2023-11-28T13:15:26Z
  date_updated: 2023-11-28T13:15:26Z
  file_id: '14625'
  file_name: panorpaX.zip
  file_size: 404968272
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9ff600416577687a737cb3c96dfcb26c
  content_type: text/plain
  creator: clasne
  date_created: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
  date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
  file_id: '14634'
  file_name: panorpa_readme.txt
  file_size: 2625
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-11-30T14:16:59Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Panorpa
- scorpionfly
- genome
- transcriptome
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '14613'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: The scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) genome highlights conserved and derived features
  of the peculiar dipteran X chromosome
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...