@inproceedings{15077, abstract = {We consider the following dynamic load-balancing process: given an underlying graph G with n nodes, in each step t≥ 0, one unit of load is created, and placed at a randomly chosen graph node. In the same step, the chosen node picks a random neighbor, and the two nodes balance their loads by averaging them. We are interested in the expected gap between the minimum and maximum loads at nodes as the process progresses, and its dependence on n and on the graph structure. Variants of the above graphical balanced allocation process have been studied previously by Peres, Talwar, and Wieder [Peres et al., 2015], and by Sauerwald and Sun [Sauerwald and Sun, 2015]. These authors left as open the question of characterizing the gap in the case of cycle graphs in the dynamic case, where weights are created during the algorithm’s execution. For this case, the only known upper bound is of 𝒪(n log n), following from a majorization argument due to [Peres et al., 2015], which analyzes a related graphical allocation process. In this paper, we provide an upper bound of 𝒪 (√n log n) on the expected gap of the above process for cycles of length n. We introduce a new potential analysis technique, which enables us to bound the difference in load between k-hop neighbors on the cycle, for any k ≤ n/2. We complement this with a "gap covering" argument, which bounds the maximum value of the gap by bounding its value across all possible subsets of a certain structure, and recursively bounding the gaps within each subset. We provide analytical and experimental evidence that our upper bound on the gap is tight up to a logarithmic factor.}, author = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Nadiradze, Giorgi and Sabour, Amirmojtaba}, booktitle = {47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming}, location = {Saarbrücken, Germany, Virtual}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Dynamic averaging load balancing on cycles}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.7}, volume = {168}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{15082, abstract = {Two plane drawings of geometric graphs on the same set of points are called disjoint compatible if their union is plane and they do not have an edge in common. For a given set S of 2n points two plane drawings of perfect matchings M1 and M2 (which do not need to be disjoint nor compatible) are disjoint tree-compatible if there exists a plane drawing of a spanning tree T on S which is disjoint compatible to both M1 and M2. We show that the graph of all disjoint tree-compatible perfect geometric matchings on 2n points in convex position is connected if and only if 2n ≥ 10. Moreover, in that case the diameter of this graph is either 4 or 5, independent of n.}, author = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Obmann, Julia and Patak, Pavel and Perz, Daniel and Tkadlec, Josef}, booktitle = {36th European Workshop on Computational Geometry}, location = {Würzburg, Germany, Virtual}, title = {{Disjoint tree-compatible plane perfect matchings}}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{15086, abstract = {Many communication-efficient variants of SGD use gradient quantization schemes. These schemes are often heuristic and fixed over the course of training. We empirically observe that the statistics of gradients of deep models change during the training. Motivated by this observation, we introduce two adaptive quantization schemes, ALQ and AMQ. In both schemes, processors update their compression schemes in parallel by efficiently computing sufficient statistics of a parametric distribution. We improve the validation accuracy by almost 2% on CIFAR-10 and 1% on ImageNet in challenging low-cost communication setups. Our adaptive methods are also significantly more robust to the choice of hyperparameters. }, author = {Faghri, Fartash and Tabrizian, Iman and Markov, Ilia and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Roy, Daniel and Ramezani-Kebrya, Ali }, booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, isbn = {9781713829546}, location = {Vancouver, Canada}, publisher = {Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation}, title = {{Adaptive gradient quantization for data-parallel SGD}}, volume = {33}, year = {2020}, } @article{15142, abstract = {Bacteria and archaea employ CRISPR (clustered, regularly, interspaced, short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems as a type of adaptive immunity to target and degrade foreign nucleic acids. While a myriad of CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified to date, type I-C is one of the most commonly found subtypes in nature. Interestingly, the type I-C system employs a minimal Cascade effector complex, which encodes only three unique subunits in its operon. Here, we present a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the Desulfovibrio vulgaris type I-C Cascade, revealing the molecular mechanisms that underlie RNA-directed complex assembly. We demonstrate how this minimal Cascade utilizes previously overlooked, non-canonical small subunits to stabilize R-loop formation. Furthermore, we describe putative PAM and Cas3 binding sites. These findings provide the structural basis for harnessing the type I-C Cascade as a genome-engineering tool.}, author = {O’Brien, Roisin E. and Santos, Inês C. and Wrapp, Daniel and Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Schwartz, Evan A. and Brodbelt, Jennifer S. and Taylor, David W.}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Physics and Astronomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Multidisciplinary}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Structural basis for assembly of non-canonical small subunits into type I-C Cascade}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19785-8}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{15153, abstract = {Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a transcription-based feedback loop in which CLOCK:BMAL1 drives transcription of its repressors (PER1/2, CRY1/2), which ultimately interact with CLOCK:BMAL1 to close the feedback loop with ~24 hr periodicity. Here we pinpoint a key difference between CRY1 and CRY2 that underlies their differential strengths as transcriptional repressors. Both cryptochromes bind the BMAL1 transactivation domain similarly to sequester it from coactivators and repress CLOCK:BMAL1 activity. However, we find that CRY1 is recruited with much higher affinity to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, allowing it to serve as a stronger repressor that lengthens circadian period. We discovered a dynamic serine-rich loop adjacent to the secondary pocket in the photolyase homology region (PHR) domain that regulates differential binding of cryptochromes to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1. Notably, binding of the co-repressor PER2 remodels the serine loop of CRY2, making it more CRY1-like and enhancing its affinity for CLOCK:BMAL1.}, author = {Fribourgh, Jennifer L and Srivastava, Ashutosh and Sandate, Colby R and Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Hsu, Peter L and Rakers, Christin and Nguyen, Leslee T and Torgrimson, Megan R and Parico, Gian Carlo G and Tripathi, Sarvind and Zheng, Ning and Lander, Gabriel C and Hirota, Tsuyoshi and Tama, Florence and Partch, Carrie L}, issn = {2050-084X}, journal = {eLife}, keywords = {General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine, General Neuroscience}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Dynamics at the serine loop underlie differential affinity of cryptochromes for CLOCK:BMAL1 to control circadian timing}}, doi = {10.7554/elife.55275}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @article{15220, abstract = {A new window is opening in high-energy astronomy: X-ray polarimetry. With many missions currently under development and scheduled to launch as early as 2021, observations of the X-ray polarization of accreting X-ray pulsars will soon be available. As polarization is particularly sensitive to the geometry of the emission region, the upcoming polarimeters will shed new light on the emission mechanism of these objects, provided that we have sound theoretical models that agree with current spectroscopic and timing observation and that can make predictions of the polarization parameters of the emission. We here present a new model for the polarized emission of accreting X-ray pulsars in the accretion column scenario that for the first time takes into account the macroscopic structure and dynamics of the accretion region and the propagation of the radiation towards the observer, including relativistic beaming, gravitational lensing, and quantum electrodynamics. In this paper, we present all the details of the model, while in a companion paper, we apply our model to predict the polarization parameters of the bright X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1.}, author = {Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, Jeremy}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, pages = {109--128}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Polarization of accreting X-ray pulsars. I. A new model}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa3428}, volume = {501}, year = {2020}, } @article{15221, abstract = {We employ our new model for the polarized emission of accreting X-ray pulsars to describe the emission from the luminous X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1. In contrast with previous works, our model predicts the polarization parameters independently of spectral formation, and considers the structure and dynamics of the accretion column, as well as the additional effects on propagation due to general relativity and quantum electrodynamics. We find that our model can describe the observed pulse fraction and the pulse shape of the main peak, as well as the modulation of the cyclotron line with phase. We pick two geometries, assuming a single accretion column or two columns at the magnetic poles, that can describe current observations of pulse shape and cyclotron modulation with phase. Both models predict a high polarization fraction, between 60 and 80 per cent in the 1–10 keV range, that is phase and energy dependent, and that peaks at the same phase as the intensity. The phase and energy dependence of the polarization fraction and of the polarization angle can help discern between the different geometries.}, author = {Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, Jeremy}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, pages = {129--136}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Polarization of accreting X-ray pulsars – II. Hercules X-1}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa3429}, volume = {501}, year = {2020}, } @article{15223, abstract = {Using photometry collected with the Zwicky Transient Facility, we are conducting an ongoing survey for binary systems with short orbital periods ( with the goal of identifying new gravitational-wave sources detectable by the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We present a sample of 15 binary systems discovered thus far, with orbital periods ranging from 6.91 to 56.35 minutes. Of the 15 systems, seven are eclipsing systems that do not show signs of significant mass transfer. Additionally, we have discovered two AM Canum Venaticorum systems and six systems exhibiting primarily ellipsoidal variations in their lightcurves. We present follow-up spectroscopy and high-speed photometry confirming the nature of these systems, estimates of their LISA signal-to-noise ratios, and a discussion of their physical characteristics.}, author = {Burdge, Kevin B. and Prince, Thomas A. and Fuller, Jim and Kaplan, David L. and Marsh, Thomas R. and Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel and Zhuang, Zhuyun and Bellm, Eric C. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Coughlin, Michael W. and Dhillon, Vik S. and Gaensicke, Boris and Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo and Graham, Matthew J. and Hermes, JJ and Kupfer, Thomas and Littlefair, S. P. and Mróz, Przemek and Phinney, E. S. and Roestel, Jan van and Yao, Yuhan and Dekany, Richard G. and Drake, Andrew J. and Duev, Dmitry A. and Hale, David and Feeney, Michael and Helou, George and Kaye, Stephen and Mahabal, Ashish. A. and Masci, Frank J. and Riddle, Reed and Smith, Roger and Soumagnac, Maayane T. and Kulkarni, S. R.}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Astronomical Society}, title = {{A systematic search of Zwicky transient facility data for ultracompact binary LISA-detectable gravitational-wave sources}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/abc261}, volume = {905}, year = {2020}, } @article{15224, abstract = {When a star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it either explodes as a supernova or more quiescently becomes a white dwarf, an object about half the mass of our Sun with a radius of about that of the Earth. About one-fifth of white dwarfs exhibit the presence of magnetic fields, whose origin has long been debated as either the product of previous stages of evolution or of binary interactions. We here report the discovery of two massive and magnetic white-dwarf members of young star clusters in the Gaia second data release (DR2) database, while a third massive and magnetic cluster white dwarf was already reported in a previous paper. These stars are most likely the product of single-star evolution and therefore challenge the merger scenario as the only way to produce magnetic white dwarfs. The progenitor masses of these stars are all above 5 solar masses, and there are only two other cluster white dwarfs whose distances have been unambiguously measured with Gaia and whose progenitors' masses fall in this range. This high incidence of magnetic white dwarfs indicates that intermediate-mass progenitors are more likely to produce magnetic remnants and that a fraction of magnetic white dwarfs forms from intermediate-mass stars.}, author = {Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, Jeremy and Richer, Harvey and Cummings, Jeffrey and Fleury, Leesa and Hegarty, James and Kalirai, Jason and Kerr, Ronan and Thiele, Sarah and Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel and Villanueva, Michael}, issn = {2041-8213}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Astronomical Society}, title = {{Intermediate-mass stars become magnetic white dwarfs}}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/abb5f7}, volume = {901}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{15228, abstract = {We describe a new implementation of a broad-band soft X-ray polarimeter, substantially based on a previous design. This implementation, the Pioneer Soft X-ray Polarimeter (PiSoX) is a SmallSat, designed for NASA’s call for Astrophysics Pioneers, small missions that could be CubeSats, balloon experiments, or SmallSats. As in REDSoX, the grating arrangement is designed optimally for the purpose of polarimetry with broad-band focussing optics by matching the dispersion of the spectrometer channels to laterally graded multilayers (LGMLs). The system can achieve polarization modulation factors over 90%. For PiSoX, the optics are lightweight Si mirrors in a one-bounce parabolic configuration. High efficiency, blazed gratings from opposite sectors are oriented to disperse to a LGML forming a channel covering the wavelength range from 35 Å to 75 Å (165 - 350 eV). Upon satellite rotation, the intensities of the dispersed spectra, after reflection and polarizing by the LGMLs, give the three Stokes parameters needed to determine a source’s linear polarization fraction and orientation. The design can be extended to higher energies as LGMLs are developed further. We describe examples of the potential scientific return from instruments based on this design.}, author = {Marshall, Herman L. and Heine, Sarah and Garner, Alan and Gullikson, Eric and Guenther, Moritz and Leitz, Christopher and Masterson, Rebecca and Miller, Eric and Zhang, William and Boissay Malaquin, Rozenn and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Chakrabarty, Deepto and Davidson, Rosemary and Gallo, Luigi and Heilmann, Ralf K. and Heyl, Jeremy and Kara, Erin and Marscher, Alan and Schulz, Norbert}, booktitle = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray}, isbn = {978-151063675-0}, issn = {1996-756X}, location = {Virtual}, publisher = {SPIE}, title = {{A small satellite version of a soft x-ray polarimeter}}, doi = {10.1117/12.2562811}, volume = {11444}, year = {2020}, } @article{19306, author = {Kazatskaya, Anna and Yuan, Lisa and Amin-Wetzel, Niko Paresh and Philbrook, Alison and de Bono, Mario and Sengupta, Piali}, issn = {2578-9430}, journal = {microPublication Biology}, number = {9}, publisher = {Caltech Library}, title = {{The URX oxygen-sensing neurons in C. elegans are ciliated}}, doi = {10.17912/MICROPUB.BIOLOGY.000303}, volume = {2020}, year = {2020}, } @article{5681, abstract = {We introduce dynamically warping grids for adaptive liquid simulation. Our primary contributions are a strategy for dynamically deforming regular grids over the course of a simulation and a method for efficiently utilizing these deforming grids for liquid simulation. Prior work has shown that unstructured grids are very effective for adaptive fluid simulations. However, unstructured grids often lead to complicated implementations and a poor cache hit rate due to inconsistent memory access. Regular grids, on the other hand, provide a fast, fixed memory access pattern and straightforward implementation. Our method combines the advantages of both: we leverage the simplicity of regular grids while still achieving practical and controllable spatial adaptivity. We demonstrate that our method enables adaptive simulations that are fast, flexible, and robust to null-space issues. At the same time, our method is simple to implement and takes advantage of existing highly-tuned algorithms.}, author = {Hikaru, Ibayashi and Wojtan, Christopher J and Thuerey, Nils and Igarashi, Takeo and Ando, Ryoichi}, issn = {1941-0506}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = {6}, pages = {2288--2302}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Simulating liquids on dynamically warping grids}}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2018.2883628}, volume = {26}, year = {2020}, } @article{6358, abstract = {We study dynamical optimal transport metrics between density matricesassociated to symmetric Dirichlet forms on finite-dimensional C∗-algebras. Our settingcovers arbitrary skew-derivations and it provides a unified framework that simultaneously generalizes recently constructed transport metrics for Markov chains, Lindblad equations, and the Fermi Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup. We develop a non-nommutative differential calculus that allows us to obtain non-commutative Ricci curvature bounds, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, transport-entropy inequalities, andspectral gap estimates.}, author = {Carlen, Eric A. and Maas, Jan}, issn = {1572-9613}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, number = {2}, pages = {319--378}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Non-commutative calculus, optimal transport and functional inequalities in dissipative quantum systems}}, doi = {10.1007/s10955-019-02434-w}, volume = {178}, year = {2020}, } @article{6359, abstract = {The strong rate of convergence of the Euler-Maruyama scheme for nondegenerate SDEs with irregular drift coefficients is considered. In the case of α-Hölder drift in the recent literature the rate α/2 was proved in many related situations. By exploiting the regularising effect of the noise more efficiently, we show that the rate is in fact arbitrarily close to 1/2 for all α>0. The result extends to Dini continuous coefficients, while in d=1 also to all bounded measurable coefficients.}, author = {Dareiotis, Konstantinos and Gerencser, Mate}, issn = {1083-6489}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Probability}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{On the regularisation of the noise for the Euler-Maruyama scheme with irregular drift}}, doi = {10.1214/20-EJP479}, volume = {25}, year = {2020}, } @article{19807, abstract = {Microstructures can be carefully designed to reveal the quantum phase of the wave-like nature of electrons in a metal. Here, we report phase-coherent oscillations of out-of-plane magnetoresistance in the layered delafossites PdCoO2 and PtCoO2. The oscillation period is equivalent to that determined by the magnetic flux quantum, h/e, threading an area defined by the atomic interlayer separation and the sample width, where h is Planck’s constant and e is the charge of an electron. The phase of the electron wave function appears robust over length scales exceeding 10 micrometers and persisting up to temperatures of T > 50 kelvin. We show that the experimental signal stems from a periodic field modulation of the out-of-plane hopping. These results demonstrate extraordinary single-particle quantum coherence lengths in delafossites.}, author = {Putzke, Carsten and Bachmann, Maja D. and McGuinness, Philippa and Zhakina, Elina and Sunko, Veronika and Konczykowski, Marcin and Oka, Takashi and Moessner, Roderich and Stern, Ady and König, Markus and Khim, Seunghyun and Mackenzie, Andrew P. and Moll, Philip J.W.}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6496}, pages = {1234--1238}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{h/e oscillations in interlayer transport of delafossites}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aay8413}, volume = {368}, year = {2020}, } @article{19812, abstract = {A nearly free electron metal and a Mott insulating state can be thought of as opposite ends of the spectrum of possibilities for the motion of electrons in a solid. Understanding their interaction lies at the heart of the correlated electron problem. In the magnetic oxide metal PdCrO2, nearly free and Mott-localized electrons exist in alternating layers, forming natural heterostructures. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, quantitatively supported by a strong coupling analysis, we show that the coupling between these layers leads to an “intertwined” excitation that is a convolution of the charge spectrum of the metallic layer and the spin susceptibility of the Mott layer. Our findings establish PdCrO2 as a model system in which to probe Kondo lattice physics and also open new routes to use the a priori nonmagnetic probe of photoemission to gain insights into the spin susceptibility of correlated electron materials.}, author = {Sunko, Veronika and Mazzola, F. and Kitamura, S. and Khim, S. and Kushwaha, P. and Clark, O. J. and Watson, M. D. and Marković, I. and Biswas, D. and Pourovskii, L. and Kim, T. K. and Lee, T.-L. and Thakur, P. K. and Rosner, H. and Georges, A. and Moessner, R. and Oka, T. and Mackenzie, A. P. and King, P. D. C.}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Probing spin correlations using angle-resolved photoemission in a coupled metallic/Mott insulator system}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaz0611}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, } @article{19823, abstract = {The delafossite metals PdCoO2, PtCoO2, and PdCrO2 are among the highest conductivity materials known, with low-temperature mean free paths of tens of microns in the best as-grown single crystals. A key question is whether these very low resistive scattering rates result from strongly suppressed backscattering due to special features of the electronic structure or are a consequence of highly unusual levels of crystalline perfection. We report the results of experiments in which high-energy electron irradiation was used to introduce point disorder to the Pd and Pt layers in which the conduction occurs. We obtain the cross section for formation of Frenkel pairs in absolute units, and cross-check our analysis with first-principles calculations of the relevant atomic displacement energies. We observe an increase of resistivity that is linear in defect density with a slope consistent with scattering in the unitary limit. Our results enable us to deduce that the as-grown crystals contain extremely low levels of in-plane defects of approximately 0.001%. This confirms that crystalline perfection is the most important factor in realizing the long mean free paths and highlights how unusual these delafossite metals are in comparison with the vast majority of other multicomponent oxides and alloys. We discuss the implications of our findings for future materials research.}, author = {Sunko, Veronika and McGuinness, P. H. and Chang, C. S. and Zhakina, E. and Khim, S. and Dreyer, C. E. and Konczykowski, M. and Borrmann, H. and Moll, P. J. W. and König, M. and Muller, D. A. and Mackenzie, A. P.}, issn = {2160-3308}, journal = {Physical Review X}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Controlled introduction of defects to delafossite metals by electron irradiation}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevx.10.021018}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{19986, abstract = {For non-probabilistic programs, a key question in static analysis is termination, which asks whether a given program terminates under a given initial condition. In the presence of probabilistic behaviour, there are two fundamental extensions of the termination question: (a) the almost-sure termination question, which asks whether the termination probability is 1; and (b) the bounded-time termination question, which asks whether the expected termination time is bounded. There are many active research directions to address these two questions; one important such direction is the use of martingale theory for termination analysis. In this chapter, we survey the main techniques of the martingale-based approach to the termination analysis of probabilistic programs.}, author = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Fu, Hongfei and Novotný, Petr}, booktitle = {Foundations of Probabilistic Programming}, isbn = {9781108488518}, pages = {221--258}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Termination Analysis of Probabilistic Programs with Martingales}}, doi = {10.1017/9781108770750.008}, year = {2020}, } @article{20766, abstract = {Reversible catalytic reactions operate under thermodynamic control, and thus, establishing a selective catalytic system poses a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a reversible transfer hydrocyanation protocol that exhibits high selectivity for the thermodynamically less favorable branched isomer. Selectivity is achieved by exploiting the lower barrier for C–CN oxidative addition and reductive elimination at benzylic positions in the absence of a cocatalytic Lewis acid. Through the design of a novel type of HCN donor, a practical, branched-selective, HCN-free transfer hydrocyanation was realized. The synthetically useful resolution of a mixture of branched and linear nitrile isomers was also demonstrated to underline the value of reversible and selective transfer reactions. In a broader context, this work demonstrates that high kinetic selectivity can be achieved in reversible transfer reactions, thus opening new horizons for their synthetic applications.}, author = {Bhawal, Benjamin N. and Reisenbauer, Julia and Ehinger, Christian and Morandi, Bill}, issn = {1520-5126}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {25}, pages = {10914--10920}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Overcoming selectivity issues in reversible catalysis: A transfer hydrocyanation exhibiting high kinetic control}}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.0c03184}, volume = {142}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{10012, abstract = {We prove that in the absence of topological changes, the notion of BV solutions to planar multiphase mean curvature flow does not allow for a mechanism for (unphysical) non-uniqueness. Our approach is based on the local structure of the energy landscape near a classical evolution by mean curvature. Mean curvature flow being the gradient flow of the surface energy functional, we develop a gradient-flow analogue of the notion of calibrations. Just like the existence of a calibration guarantees that one has reached a global minimum in the energy landscape, the existence of a "gradient flow calibration" ensures that the route of steepest descent in the energy landscape is unique and stable.}, author = {Fischer, Julian L and Hensel, Sebastian and Laux, Tim and Simon, Thilo}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{The local structure of the energy landscape in multiphase mean curvature flow: weak-strong uniqueness and stability of evolutions}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2003.05478}, year = {2020}, }