---
_id: '1953'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate in mouse macrophages
was inhibited by ultra-low doses (10-15 -10-13 M) of an opioid peptide [d-Ala2]
methionine enkephalinamide. The effect disappeared at concentrations above and
below this range. The inhibition approached 50% and was statistically significant
(P < 0.001). Increasing the time of the opioid incubation with cells brought
about a shift in the maximal effect to lower concentrations of the opioid (from
10-13 to 5 · 10-15 M) and led to a decrease in the value of the effect, fully
in accord with the previously proposed adaptation mechanism of the action of ultra-low
doses.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Efanov, Alexander
last_name: Efanov
- first_name: Aleksei
full_name: Koshkin, Aleksei
last_name: Koshkin
- first_name: Leonid A
full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A
id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sazanov
orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
- first_name: O I
full_name: Borodulina, O I
last_name: Borodulina
- first_name: Sergei
full_name: Varfolomeev, Sergei
last_name: Varfolomeev
- first_name: Sergei
full_name: Zaǐtsev, Sergei
last_name: Zaǐtsev
citation:
ama: Efanov A, Koshkin A, Sazanov LA, Borodulina OI, Varfolomeev S, Zaǐtsev S. Inhibition
of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid
peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism. FEBS Letters.
1994;355(2):114-116. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5
apa: Efanov, A., Koshkin, A., Sazanov, L. A., Borodulina, O. I., Varfolomeev, S.,
& Zaǐtsev, S. (1994). Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages
by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation
mechanism. FEBS Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5
chicago: Efanov, Alexander, Aleksei Koshkin, Leonid A Sazanov, O I Borodulina, Sergei
Varfolomeev, and Sergei Zaǐtsev. “Inhibition of the Respiratory Burst in Mouse
Macrophages by Ultra-Low Doses of an Opioid Peptide Is Consistent with a Possible
Adaptation Mechanism.” FEBS Letters. Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5.
ieee: A. Efanov, A. Koshkin, L. A. Sazanov, O. I. Borodulina, S. Varfolomeev, and
S. Zaǐtsev, “Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low
doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism,”
FEBS Letters, vol. 355, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 114–116, 1994.
ista: Efanov A, Koshkin A, Sazanov LA, Borodulina OI, Varfolomeev S, Zaǐtsev S.
1994. Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses
of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism. FEBS
Letters. 355(2), 114–116.
mla: Efanov, Alexander, et al. “Inhibition of the Respiratory Burst in Mouse Macrophages
by Ultra-Low Doses of an Opioid Peptide Is Consistent with a Possible Adaptation
Mechanism.” FEBS Letters, vol. 355, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 114–16,
doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5.
short: A. Efanov, A. Koshkin, L.A. Sazanov, O.I. Borodulina, S. Varfolomeev, S.
Zaǐtsev, FEBS Letters 355 (1994) 114–116.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:53Z
date_published: 1994-11-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-09T12:58:57Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '7982481'
intvolume: ' 355'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0014-5793%2894%2901109-5
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 114 - 116
pmid: 1
publication: FEBS Letters
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0014-5793
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5133'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses
of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 355
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '4501'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We extend the specification language of temporal logic, the corresponding
verification framework, and the underlying computational model to deal with real-;time
properties of reactive systems. The abstract notion of timed transition systems
generalizes traditional transition systems conservatively: qualitative fairness
requirements are replaced (and superseded) by quantitative lower-bound and upper-bound
timing constraints on transitions. This framework can model real-time systems
that communicate either through shared variables or by message passing and real-time
issues such as timeouts, process priorities (interrupts), and process scheduling.
We exhibit two styles for the specification of real-time systems. While the first
approach uses time-bounded versions of the temporal operators, the second approach
allows explicit references to time through a special clock variable. Corresponding
to the two styles of specification, we present and compare two different proof
methodologies for the verification of timing requirements that are expressed in
these styles. For the bounded-operator style, we provide a set of proof rules
for establishing bounded-invariance and bounded-responce properties of timed transition
systems. This approach generalizes the standard temporal proof rules for verifying
invariance and response properties conservatively. For the explicit-clock style,
we exploit the observation that every time-bounded property is a safety property
and use the standard temporal proof rules for establishing safety properties.'
acknowledgement: 'This research was supported in part by an IBM graduate fellowship,
by the National Science Foundation under Grants CCR-9223226 and CCR-9200794. by
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract N00039-84-C-0211. by
the United States Air Force OMee of Scientific Research under Contracts F49620-93-141139
and F4962043-1-0056. and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action
Project 6021 (REACT). A preliminary version of Part 1 of this paper appeared in
the proceedings of the 1991 REX Workshop on Real Time Theory In Prate [HMP92a I
a preliminary version of Part II appeared in the proceedings of the 1991 ACM Symposium
on Principles of Programming Languages RIMP911. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Zohar
full_name: Manna, Zohar
last_name: Manna
- first_name: Amir
full_name: Pnueli, Amir
last_name: Pnueli
citation:
ama: Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition
systems. Information and Computation. 1994;112(2):273-337. doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1060
apa: Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., & Pnueli, A. (1994). Temporal proof methodologies
for timed transition systems. Information and Computation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060
chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Temporal Proof Methodologies
for Timed Transition Systems.” Information and Computation. Elsevier, 1994.
https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060.
ieee: T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Temporal proof methodologies for
timed transition systems,” Information and Computation, vol. 112, no. 2.
Elsevier, pp. 273–337, 1994.
ista: Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1994. Temporal proof methodologies for timed
transition systems. Information and Computation. 112(2), 273–337.
mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Temporal Proof Methodologies for Timed Transition
Systems.” Information and Computation, vol. 112, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994,
pp. 273–337, doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1060.
short: T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, Information and Computation 112 (1994)
273–337.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:10Z
date_published: 1994-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-02T09:24:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/inco.1994.1060
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 112'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540184710601?via%3Dihub
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 273 - 337
publication: Information and Computation
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0890-5401
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '227'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 112
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '3475'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: '1. A potassium channel activated by internal Na+ ions (K+Na channel) was
identified in peripheral myelinated axons of Xenopus laevis using the cell-attached
and excised configurations of the patch clamp technique. 2. The single-channel
conductance for the main open state was 88 pS with [K+]o = 105 mM and pS with
[K+]o = 2.5 mM ([K+]i = 105 mM). The channel was selectively permeable to K+ over
Na+ ions. A characteristic feature of the K+Na channel was the frequent occurrence
of subconductance states. 3. The open probability of the channel was strongly
dependent on the concentration of Na+ ions at the inner side of the membrane.
The half-maximal activating Na+ concentration and the Hill coefficient were 33
mM and 2.9, respectively. The open probability of the channel showed only weak
potential dependence. 4. The K+Na channel was relatively insensitive to external
tetraethylammonium (TEA+) in comparison with voltage-dependent axonal K+ channels;
the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 21.3 mM (at -90 mV). In contrast,
the channel was blocked by low concentrations of external Ba2+ and Cs+ ions, with
IC50 values of 0.7 and 1.1 mM, respectively (at -90 mV). The block by Ba2+ and
Cs+ was more pronounced at negative than at positive membrane potentials. 5. A
comparison of the number of K+Na channels in nodal and paranodal patches from
the same axon revealed that the channel density was about 10-fold higher at the
node of Ranvier than at the paranode. Moreover, a correlation between the number
of K+Na channels and voltage-dependent Na+ channels in the same patches was found,
suggesting co-localization of both channel types. 6. As weakly potential-dependent
(''leakage'') channels, axonal K+Na channels may be involved in setting the resting
potential of vertebrate axons. Simulations of Na+ ion diffusion suggest two possible
mechanisms of activation of K+Na channels: the local increase of Na+ concentration
in a cluster of Na+ channels during a single action potential or the accumulation
in the intracellular axonal compartment during a train of action potentials.'
acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs M.Häusser and A. Villarroel for critically reading
the manuscript, Dr E. v. Kitzing and A. Roth for many helpful discussions. This
work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vo188/13-2). '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Duk
full_name: Koh, Duk
last_name: Koh
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Werner
full_name: Vogel, Werner
last_name: Vogel
citation:
ama: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal
region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 1994;479:183-197.
doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287
apa: Koh, D., Jonas, P. M., & Vogel, W. (1994). Na+-activated K+ channels localized
in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology.
Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287
chicago: Koh, Duk, Peter M Jonas, and Werner Vogel. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized
in the Nodal Region of Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology.
Wiley-Blackwell, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287.
ieee: D. Koh, P. M. Jonas, and W. Vogel, “Na+-activated K+ channels localized in
the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus,” Journal of Physiology,
vol. 479. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 183–197, 1994.
ista: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. 1994. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the
nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 479, 183–197.
mla: Koh, Duk, et al. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized in the Nodal Region of
Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 479, Wiley-Blackwell,
1994, pp. 183–97, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287.
short: D. Koh, P.M. Jonas, W. Vogel, Journal of Physiology 479 (1994) 183–197.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z
date_published: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-03T11:09:21Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '7799220 '
intvolume: ' 479'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1155738/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 183 - 197
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2912'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons
of Xenopus
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 479
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '3476'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Tight-seal whole-cell recordings were made from cleaned somata of CA3 pyramidal
cells deep in hippocampal slices from 19–21-d-old rats. The cells were filled
with biocytin, and their voltage responses to short current pulses were recorded.
After washout of initial sag, responses scaled linearly with injected current
and were stable over time. The dendritic and axonal arbors of four cells were
reconstructed and measured using light microscopy. Dendritic spines and axonal
boutons were counted and the additional membrane area was incorporated into the
relevant segments. The morphology of each neuron was converted into a detailed
branching cable model by assuming values for specific membrane capacitance Cm
and resistance Rm, and cytoplasmic resistivity Ri. These parameters were optimized
for each cell by directly matching the model's response to that of the real cell
by means of a modified weighted least-squares fitting procedure. By comparing
the deviations between model and experimental responses to control noise recordings,
approximate 95% confidence intervals were established for each parameter. If a
somatic shunt was allowed, a wide range of possible Rm values produced acceptable
fits. With zero shunt, Cm was 0.7–0.8 microFcm-2, Ri was 170–340 omega cm, and
Rm ranged between 120 and 200 k omega cm2. The electrotonic lengths of the basal
and oblique dendrites were 0.2–0.3 space constants, and those of the apical tufts
were 0.4–0.7 space constants. The steady-state electrical geometry of these cells
was therefore compact; average dendritic tip/soma relative synaptic efficacies
were > 93% for the basal and oblique dendrites, and > 81% for the tufts.
With fast transient synaptic inputs, however, the models produced a wide range
of postsynaptic potential shapes and marked filtering of voltage-clamp currents.
acknowledgement: 'logy Training Fellowship. A.L. was supported by a Royal Society
Fellowship. The Oxford part of the collaboration was funded by a Wellcome Trust
Programme Grant, the Heidelberg part by the Max-Planck Gesellschaft. We are grateful
to Sir David Cox for his comments on the statistics, to K. Stratford, M. Hausser,
D. Flitney, M. O’Neill, S. Gough, G. Stuart, N. Spruston, P. Stem, and K. Bauer
for their help and useful discussions, and to M. Kaiser for technical assistance. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Guy
full_name: Major, Guy
last_name: Major
- first_name: Alan
full_name: Larkman, Alan
last_name: Larkman
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Bert
full_name: Sakmann, Bert
last_name: Sakmann
- first_name: Julian
full_name: Jack, Julian
last_name: Jack
citation:
ama: Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. Detailed passive cable models
of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Journal
of Neuroscience. 1994;14(8):4613-4638. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994
apa: Major, G., Larkman, A., Jonas, P. M., Sakmann, B., & Jack, J. (1994). Detailed
passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal
slices. Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994
chicago: Major, Guy, Alan Larkman, Peter M Jonas, Bert Sakmann, and Julian Jack.
“Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in
Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience,
1994. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994.
ieee: G. Major, A. Larkman, P. M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, and J. Jack, “Detailed passive
cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices,”
Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 8. Society for Neuroscience, pp.
4613–4638, 1994.
ista: Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. 1994. Detailed passive cable
models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices.
Journal of Neuroscience. 14(8), 4613–4638.
mla: Major, Guy, et al. “Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3
Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Neuroscience,
vol. 14, no. 8, Society for Neuroscience, 1994, pp. 4613–38, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994.
short: G. Major, A. Larkman, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, J. Jack, Journal of Neuroscience
14 (1994) 4613–4638.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:32Z
date_published: 1994-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-03T09:36:43Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8046439 '
intvolume: ' 14'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://europepmc.org/article/med/8046439
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 4613 - 4638
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0270-6474
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
publist_id: '2911'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons
in rat hippocampal slices
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 14
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '3642'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We develop a general population genetic framework for analyzing selection
on many loci, and apply it to strong truncation and disruptive selection on an
additive polygenic trait. We first present statistical methods for analyzing the
infinitesimal model, in which offspring breeding values are normally distributed
around the mean of the parents, with fixed variance. These show that the usual
assumption of a Gaussian distribution of breeding values in the population gives
remarkably accurate predictions for the mean and the variance, even when disruptive
selection generates substantial deviations from normality. We then set out a general
genetic analysis of selection and recombination. The population is represented
by multilocus cumulants describing the distribution of haploid genotypes, and
selection is described by the relation between mean fitness and these cumulants.
We provide exact recursions in terms of generating functions for the effects of
selection on non-central moments. The effects of recombination are simply calculated
as a weighted sum over all the permutations produced by meiosis. Finally, the
new cumulants that describe the next generation are computed from the non-central
moments. Although this scheme is applied here in detail only to selection on an
additive trait, it is quite general. For arbitrary epistasis and linkage, we describe
a consistent infinitesimal limit in which the short-term selection response is
dominated by infinitesimal allele frequency changes and linkage disequilibria.
Numerical multilocus results show that the standard Gaussian approximation gives
accurate predictions for the dynamics of the mean and genetic variance in this
limit. Even with intense truncation selection, linkage disequilibria of order
three and higher never cause much deviation from normality. Thus, the empirical
deviations frequently found between predicted and observed responses to artificial
selection are not caused by linkage-disequilibrium-induced departures from normality.
Disruptive selection can generate substantial four-way disequilibria, and hence
kurtosis; but even then, the Gaussian assumption predicts the variance accurately.
In contrast to the apparent simplicity of the infinitesimal limit, data suggest
that changes in genetic variance after 10 or more generations of selection are
likely to be dominated by allele frequency dynamics that depend on genetic details.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Turelli, Michael
last_name: Turelli
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Turelli M, Barton NH. Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection
on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. 1994;138(3):913-941. doi:10.1093/genetics/138.3.913'
apa: 'Turelli, M., & Barton, N. H. (1994). Genetic and statistical analyses
of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. Genetics
Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.3.913'
chicago: 'Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H Barton. “Genetic and Statistical Analyses
of Strong Selection on Polygenic Traits: What, Me Normal?” Genetics. Genetics
Society of America, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.3.913.'
ieee: 'M. Turelli and N. H. Barton, “Genetic and statistical analyses of strong
selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal?,” Genetics, vol. 138, no.
3. Genetics Society of America, pp. 913–941, 1994.'
ista: 'Turelli M, Barton NH. 1994. Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection
on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. 138(3), 913–941.'
mla: 'Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Genetic and Statistical Analyses
of Strong Selection on Polygenic Traits: What, Me Normal?” Genetics, vol.
138, no. 3, Genetics Society of America, 1994, pp. 913–41, doi:10.1093/genetics/138.3.913.'
short: M. Turelli, N.H. Barton, Genetics 138 (1994) 913–941.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z
date_published: 1994-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-03T08:18:54Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/138.3.913
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '7851785'
intvolume: ' 138'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7851785/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 913 - 941
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '2741'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits:
What, me normal?'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 138
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '4037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Frequently, data in scientific computing is in its abstract form a finite
point set in space, and it is sometimes useful or required to compute what one
might call the `'shape” of the set. For that purpose, this article introduces
the formal notion of the family of alpha-shapes of a finite point set in R3. Each
shape is a well-defined polytope, derived from the Delaunay triangulation of the
point set, with a parameter alpha is-an-element-of R controlling the desired level
of detail. An algorithm is presented that constructs the entire family of shapes
for a given set of size n in time O(n2), worst case. A robust implementation of
the algorithm is discussed, and several applications in the area of scientific
computing are mentioned.
acknowledgement: National Science Foundation under grant CCR-8921421 and Alan T.
Waterman award, grant CCR-9118874.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Herbert
full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Edelsbrunner
orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Ernst
full_name: Mücke, Ernst
last_name: Mücke
citation:
ama: Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions
on Graphics. 1994;13(1):43-72. doi:10.1145/174462.156635
apa: Edelsbrunner, H., & Mücke, E. (1994). Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM
Transactions on Graphics. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635
chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.”
ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635.
ieee: H. Edelsbrunner and E. Mücke, “Three-dimensional alpha shapes,” ACM Transactions
on Graphics, vol. 13, no. 1. ACM, pp. 43–72, 1994.
ista: Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. 1994. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions
on Graphics. 13(1), 43–72.
mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.” ACM
Transactions on Graphics, vol. 13, no. 1, ACM, 1994, pp. 43–72, doi:10.1145/174462.156635.
short: H. Edelsbrunner, E. Mücke, ACM Transactions on Graphics 13 (1994) 43–72.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:34Z
date_published: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-02T12:00:42Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/174462.156635
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/174462.156635
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 43 - 72
publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '2088'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Three-dimensional alpha shapes
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '4179'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a member of the neurotrophin gene family and is highly
expressed in the developing rat cerebellum. Here we show that brain-derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF) increased by approximately 10-fold the NT-3 mRNA levels in cultured
cerebellar granule neurons isolated from postnatal rats, whereas nerve growth
factor (NGF) and NT-3 itself had no effect. The effect of BDNF was additive to
that of triiodothyronine (T3), which also increased NT-3 mRNA in these neurons.
The drug K252a inhibited the BDNF-mediated stimulation of NT-3 expression, suggesting
an involvement of trkB receptors. Nuclear run-on experiments showed that BDNF
enhanced NT-3 transcription, whereas the stability of NT-3 mRNA remained unchanged.
The data presented are the first demonstration that one neurotrophin regulates
the expression of another and provide evidence that NT-3 production in granule
neurons is regulated by both BDNF and T3.
acknowledgement: We thank Dorothea Stratmann and Karin Angermayer for skillful technical
assistance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Axel
full_name: Leingärtner, Axel
last_name: Leingärtner
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Kolbeck, Roland
last_name: Kolbeck
- first_name: Hans
full_name: Thoenen, Hans
last_name: Thoenen
- first_name: Dan
full_name: Lindholm, Dan
last_name: Lindholm
citation:
ama: Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Brain-derived
neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule
neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994;269(2):828-830. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7
apa: Leingärtner, A., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Kolbeck, R., Thoenen, H., & Lindholm,
D. (1994). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression
in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7
chicago: Leingärtner, Axel, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Roland Kolbeck, Hans Thoenen,
and Dan Lindholm. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3
Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” Journal of Biological Chemistry.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7.
ieee: A. Leingärtner, C.-P. J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm,
“Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar
granule neurons,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 2. American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 828–830, 1994.
ista: Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. 1994. Brain-derived
neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule
neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269(2), 828–830.
mla: Leingärtner, Axel, et al. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3
Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” Journal of Biological Chemistry,
vol. 269, no. 2, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994,
pp. 828–30, doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7.
short: A. Leingärtner, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, D. Lindholm,
Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (1994) 828–830.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:25Z
date_published: 1994-01-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-02T10:23:48Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 269'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925817421867?via%3Dihub
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 828 - 830
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1083-351X
issn:
- 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '1941'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar
granule neurons
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 269
year: '1994'
...
---
_id: '2536'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, termed mGluR6, was
isolated from a rat retinal cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the previously
isolated cDNA clone for a metabotropic glutamate receptor. The cloned mGluR6 subtype
consists of 871 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common
to the metabotropic receptor family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding
the seven putative membrane-spanning domains. mGluR6 shows the highest sequence
similarity to mGluR4 among the metabotropic receptor subtypes and inhibits the
forskolin- stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected
with the cloned cDNA. mGluR6 potently reacts with L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate
(L-AP4) and L-serine-O-phosphate, and the potencies of these compounds are one
order of magnitude greater than that of L-glutamate. Blot and in situ hybridization
analyses indicated that mGluR6 mRNA is restrictedly expressed in the inner nuclear
layer of the retina where ON- bipolar cells are distributed. The metabotropic
receptor that responds strongly to L-AP4 and L-serine-O-phosphate in ON-bipolar
cells is known to mediate glutamate synaptic transmission between photoreceptor
cells and ON- bipolar cells. On the basis of the agonist selectivity of mGluR6
and its specific expression in retinal cells, the physiological role of this receptor
subtype in the visual system is discussed.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry
of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare,
the Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, the Uehara Memorial
Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation. The costs of publication of this article
were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore
be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely
to indicate this fact. \r\n\r\nWe are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic
assistance."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yoshiaki
full_name: Nakajima, Yoshiaki
last_name: Nakajima
- first_name: Hideki
full_name: Iwakabe, Hideki
last_name: Iwakabe
- first_name: Chihiro
full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro
last_name: Akazawa
- first_name: Hiroyuki
full_name: Nawa, Hiroyuki
last_name: Nawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Noboru
full_name: Mizuno, Noboru
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel
retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity
for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(16):11868-11873.
doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0
apa: Nakajima, Y., Iwakabe, H., Akazawa, C., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N.,
& Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic
glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0
chicago: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, Hideki Iwakabe, Chihiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi
Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization
of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist
Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” Journal of Biological Chemistry.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0.
ieee: Y. Nakajima et al., “Molecular characterization of a novel retinal
metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4-
phosphonobutyrate,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 11868–11873, 1993.
ista: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi
S. 1993. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate
receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(16), 11868–11873.
mla: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic
Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.”
Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16, American Society for
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 11868–73, doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0.
short: Y. Nakajima, H. Iwakabe, C. Akazawa, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S.
Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 11868–11873.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z
date_published: 1993-06-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-04-26T06:56:15Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8389366'
intvolume: ' 268'
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 11868 - 11873
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '4362'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor
mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 268
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '2537'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The metabotropic glutamate receptors are coupled to intracellular signal
transduction via G-proteins and consist of a family of at least five different
subtypes, termed mGluR1-mGluR5. We studied the signal transduction mechanism and
pharmacological characteristics of the rat mGluR3 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese
hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cloned receptors. Both mGluR3 and
mGluR4 inhibit the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP formation
in response to agonist interaction. Consistent with the high degree of sequence
similarity to mGluR2, mGluR3 closely resembles mGluR2 in its agonist selectivity;
the potency rank order of agonists is L-glutamate > trans-1-aminocyclopentane-
1,3-dicarboxylate > ibotenate > quisqualate. mGluR4 is totally different
in its agonist specificity from any other member of the metabotropic receptors.
This receptor potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate(L-AP4) in a stereo-selective
manner and moderately responds to L-serine-O-phosphate. mGluR4 thus corresponds
well to the putative L-AP4 receptor characterized from brain preparations. Blot
and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that both mRNAs are widely distributed
in the rat brain. mGluR3 mRNA is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the cerebral
cortex and the caudate- putamen, and in granule cells of the hippocampal dentate
gyrus. The expression pattern of mGluR4 mRNA is more restricted, and this expression
is prominent in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and thalamus. Furthermore, the
mGluR3 mRNA, unlike the other mRNAs for the metabotropic receptors, is highly
expressed in glial cells throughout the brain regions. The metabotropic glutamate
receptor subtypes can thus be classified into three subgroups according to the
similarity in their amino acid sequences, signal transduction, and agonist selectivity:
mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4. The mRNAs for the individual receptor
subtypes, however, show overlapping but distinct patterns of expression in the
rat CNS.'
acknowledgement: 'We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance.
This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education,
Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Uehara
Memorial Foundation, and the Semi Life Science Foundation. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yasuto
full_name: Tanabe, Yasuto
last_name: Tanabe
- first_name: Akinori
full_name: Nomura, Akinori
last_name: Nomura
- first_name: Masayuki
full_name: Masu, Masayuki
last_name: Masu
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Noboru
full_name: Mizuno, Noboru
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Signal transduction,
pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate
receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13(4):1372-1378.
doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993
apa: Tanabe, Y., Nomura, A., Masu, M., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi,
S. (1993). Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns
of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of
Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993
chicago: Tanabe, Yasuto, Akinori Nomura, Masayuki Masu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru
Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties,
and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and
MGluR4.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993.
ieee: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi,
“Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two
rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4,” Journal of Neuroscience,
vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 1372–1378, 1993.
ista: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Signal
transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic
glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 13(4), 1372–1378.
mla: Tanabe, Yasuto, et al. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and
Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.”
Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 4, Society for Neuroscience, 1993,
pp. 1372–78, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993.
short: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal
of Neuroscience 13 (1993) 1372–1378.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z
date_published: 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:49:42Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8463825'
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463825/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1372 - 1378
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0270-6474
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
publist_id: '4361'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of
two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '2538'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Rat mRNAs encoding two subtypes of the endothelin (ET) receptor (ET(A) and
ET(B)) were studied in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by means of Northern blotting
and in situ hybridization. The mRNA transcripts for the endothelin- 1-specific
type receptor (ET(A)) in pooled RNA from the ovary and fallopian tube were 4.2
and 5.2 kilonucleotides, and that for the nonselective type receptor (ET(B)) was
4.7 kilonucleotides; these were similar to transcripts for endothelin receptors
from other tissues. ET(A) mRNA expression was abundant in the muscle cell layer
of the fallopian tube, but low in the ovary. On the other hand, ET(B) mRNA was
abundant in the granulosa cells in the developing follicles, but low in atretic
follicles and absent in the fallopian tube. These results demonstrated that the
mRNAs for the two subtypes of the rat endothelin receptor have different expression
profiles in the ovary and fallopian tube. ETs may mainly affect the granulosa
cells in the dominant follicles as well as the muscle cells of the fallopian tube
through ET(B) and ET(A), respectively.
acknowledgement: We thank Ms. Fumiko Kosaka for her excellent technical assistance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Masazumi
full_name: Iwai, Masazumi
last_name: Iwai
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Hori, Seiji
last_name: Hori
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Hideharu
full_name: Kanzaki, Hideharu
last_name: Kanzaki
- first_name: Takahide
full_name: Mori, Takahide
last_name: Mori
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. Localization of
endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian
tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 1993;49(4):675-680.
doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675
apa: Iwai, M., Hori, S., Shigemoto, R., Kanzaki, H., Mori, T., & Nakanishi,
S. (1993). Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the
rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction.
Society for the Study of Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675
chicago: Iwai, Masazumi, Seiji Hori, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Hideharu Kanzaki, Takahide
Mori, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger
Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.”
Biology of Reproduction. Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675.
ieee: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, and S. Nakanishi, “Localization
of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian
tube by in situ hybridization,” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4.
Society for the Study of Reproduction, pp. 675–680, 1993.
ista: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. 1993. Localization
of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian
tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 49(4), 675–680.
mla: Iwai, Masazumi, et al. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic
Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” Biology
of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4, Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993,
pp. 675–80, doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675.
short: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, S. Nakanishi, Biology
of Reproduction 49 (1993) 675–680.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z
date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-31T12:32:51Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8218631'
intvolume: ' 49'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/49/4/675/2762375?login=true
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 675 - 680
pmid: 1
publication: Biology of Reproduction
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0006-3363
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for the Study of Reproduction
publist_id: '4359'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary
and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 49
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '2539'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: cDNA clones for four different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits
(NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D) were isolated through polymerase chain reactions followed by
molecular screening of a rat brain cDNA library. These subunits are only about
15% identical with the key subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) but are highly
homologous (~50% homology) with one another. They also commonly possess large
hydrophilic domains at both amino- and carboxyl- terminal sides of the four putative
transmembrane segments. NMDAR2A and NMDAR2C expressed individually in Xenopus
oocytes showed no electrophysiological response to agonists. However, these subunits
in combined expression with NMDAR1 markedly potentiated the NMDAR1 activity and
produced functional variability in the affinity of agonists, the effectiveness
of antagonists, and the sensitivity to Mg2+ blockade. Thus, NMDAR1 is essential
for the function of the NMDA receptor, and multiple NMDAR2 subunits potentiate
and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptor by forming different heteromeric
configurations with NMDAR1. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analyses
revealed that the expressions of individual mRNAs for the NMDAR2 subunits overlap
in some brain regions but are also specialized in many other regions. This investigation
demonstrates the anatomical and functional differences of the NMDAR2 subunits,
which provide the molecular basis for the functional diversity of the NMDA receptor.
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry
of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare
of Japan, the Senri Life Science Foundation, and Yamanouchi Foundation for Research
on Metabolic Disorders. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in
part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked
“aduertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this
fact.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Takahiro
full_name: Ishii, Takahiro
last_name: Ishii
- first_name: Koki
full_name: Moriyoshi, Koki
last_name: Moriyoshi
- first_name: Hidemitsu
full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu
last_name: Sugihara
- first_name: Kazuhir
full_name: Sakurada, Kazuhir
last_name: Sakurada
- first_name: Hiroshi
full_name: Kadotani, Hiroshi
last_name: Kadotani
- first_name: Mineto
full_name: Yokoi, Mineto
last_name: Yokoi
- first_name: Chihiro
full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro
last_name: Akazawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Noboru
full_name: Mizuno, Noboru
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Masayuki
full_name: Masu, Masayuki
last_name: Masu
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, et al. Molecular characterization of the
family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological
Chemistry. 1993;268(4):2836-2843. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7
apa: Ishii, T., Moriyoshi, K., Sugihara, H., Sakurada, K., Kadotani, H., Yokoi,
M., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7
chicago: Ishii, Takahiro, Koki Moriyoshi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Kazuhir Sakurada,
Hiroshi Kadotani, Mineto Yokoi, Chihiro Akazawa, et al. “Molecular Characterization
of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological
Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7
.
ieee: T. Ishii et al., “Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor subunits,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4. American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 2836–2843, 1993.
ista: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, Sakurada K, Kadotani H, Yokoi M, Akazawa
C, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Masu M, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization
of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological
Chemistry. 268(4), 2836–2843.
mla: Ishii, Takahiro, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4, American
Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 2836–43, doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 .
short: T. Ishii, K. Moriyoshi, H. Sugihara, K. Sakurada, H. Kadotani, M. Yokoi,
C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, M. Masu, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological
Chemistry 268 (1993) 2836–2843.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z
date_published: 1993-02-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:29:17Z
day: '05'
doi: '10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8428958'
intvolume: ' 268'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)53849-7/fulltext
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2836 - 2843
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '4360'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
subunits
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 268
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '4589'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The theory of the natural numbers with linear order and monadic predicates
underlies propositional linear temporal logic. To study temporal logics that are
suitable for reasoning about real-time systems, we combine this classical theory
of infinite state sequences with a theory of discrete time, via a monotonic function
that maps every state to its time. The resulting theory of timed state sequences
is shown to be decidable, albeit nonelementary, and its expressive power is characterized
by ω-regular sets. Several more expressive variants are proved to be highly undecidable.
This framework allows us to classify a wide variety of real-time logics according
to their complexity and expressiveness. Indeed, it follows that most formalisms
proposed in the literature cannot be decided. We are, however, able to identify
two elementary real-time temporal logics as expressively complete fragments of
the theory of timed state sequences, and we present tableau-based decision procedures
for checking validity. Consequently, these two formalisms are well-suited for
the specification and verification of real-time systems.\r\n\r\nCopyright © 1993
Academic Press. All rights reserved."
acknowledgement: We thank David Dill, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli for helpful discussion.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rajeev
full_name: Alur, Rajeev
last_name: Alur
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
ama: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness. Information
and Computation. 1993;104(1):35-77. doi:10.1006/inco.1993.1025'
apa: 'Alur, R., & Henzinger, T. A. (1993). Real-time logics: Complexity and
expressiveness. Information and Computation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025'
chicago: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and
Expressiveness.” Information and Computation. Elsevier, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025.'
ieee: 'R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness,”
Information and Computation, vol. 104, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 35–77, 1993.'
ista: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1993. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness.
Information and Computation. 104(1), 35–77.'
mla: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and Expressiveness.”
Information and Computation, vol. 104, no. 1, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 35–77,
doi:10.1006/inco.1993.1025.'
short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, Information and Computation 104 (1993) 35–77.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:38Z
date_published: 1993-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:08:27Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/inco.1993.1025
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 104'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540183710254?via%3Dihub
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 35 - 77
publication: Information and Computation
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 0890-5401
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '116'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 104
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '3474'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded in CA3 pyramidal
cells of hippocampal slices of 15- to 24-day-old rats (22 degrees C) using the
whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. 2. Composite EPSCs were
evoked by extracellular stimulation of the mossy fibre tract. Using the selective
blockers 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic
acid (APV), a major alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate
receptor-mediated component and a minor NMDA receptor-mediated component with
slower time course were distinguished. For the AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated
component, the peak current-voltage (I-V) relation was linear, with a reversal
potential close to 0 mV. The half-maximal blocking concentration of CNQX was 353
nM. 3. Unitary EPSCs of the mossy fibre terminal (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse
were evoked at membrane potentials of -70 to -90 mV by low-intensity extracellular
stimulation of granule cell somata using fine-tipped pipettes. The EPSC peak amplitude
as a function of stimulus intensity showed all-or-none behaviour. The region of
low threshold was restricted to a few micrometres. This suggests that extracellular
stimulation was focal, and that the stimulus-evoked EPSCs were unitary. 4. Latency
and rise time histograms of EPSCs evoked by granule cell stimulation showed narrow
unimodal distributions within each experiment. The mean latency was 4.2 +/- 1.0
ms, and the mean 20-80% rise time was 0.6 +/- 0.1 ms (23 cells). When fitted within
the range 0.7 ms to 20 ms after the peak, the decay of the EPSCs with the fastest
rise (rise time 0.5 ms or less) could be described by a single exponential function;
the mean time constant was in the range 3.0-6.6 ms with a mean of 4.8 ms (8 cells).
5. Peak amplitudes of the EPSCs evoked by suprathreshold granule cell stimulation
fluctuated between trials. The apparent EPSC peak conductance in normal extracellular
solution (2 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+), excluding failures, was 1 nS. Reducing the Ca2+
concentration and increasing the Mg2+ concentration reduced the mean peak amplitude
in a concentration-dependent manner. 6. Peaks in EPSC peak amplitude distributions
were apparent in low Ca2+ and high Mg2+. Using the criteria of equidistance and
the presence of peaks and dips in the autocorrelation function, five of nine EPSC
peak amplitude distributions were judged to be quantal.
acknowledgement: "We are indebted to Professor B. Katz for critically reading the
manuscript and for helpful suggestions. We especially thank Professor D. Colquhoun
for several discussions, for generously providing the source codes of programs for
maximum-likelihood fit with sums of Gaussian functions, a routine for calculating
the error function and for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank Drs
A. Larkman, P. Ruppersberg, N. Spuston and G. Stuart for critically reading the
manuscript, P. Andersen, B. Betz, J. Evans, K. Harris, E. v. Kitzing, R. Rahamimov
and K. Stratford for helpful discussions, and J. J. B. Jack for much-needed advice
and guidance to G.M. We thank K. Bauer, F. Helmchen, M. Huke, B. Manz and especially
A. Roth for computer programming, B. Werner for typing the manuscript, and M. Kaiser
for excellent technical assistance. Part of the project was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317)\r\nand the Wellcome Trust."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Guy
full_name: Major, Guy
last_name: Major
- first_name: Bert
full_name: Sakmann, Bert
last_name: Sakmann
citation:
ama: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy
fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology.
1993;472:615-663. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965
apa: Jonas, P. M., Major, G., & Sakmann, B. (1993). Quantal components of unitary
EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal
of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965
chicago: Jonas, Peter M, Guy Major, and Bert Sakmann. “Quantal Components of Unitary
EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal
of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965.
ieee: P. M. Jonas, G. Major, and B. Sakmann, “Quantal components of unitary EPSCs
at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus,” Journal
of Physiology, vol. 472. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 615–663, 1993.
ista: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. 1993. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at
the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of
Physiology. 472, 615–663.
mla: Jonas, Peter M., et al. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre
Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Physiology,
vol. 472, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 615–63, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965.
short: P.M. Jonas, G. Major, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 472 (1993) 615–663.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z
date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-30T09:33:19Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '7908327'
intvolume: ' 472'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1160505
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 615 - 663
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2913'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal
cells of rat hippocampus
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 472
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '4177'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Thyroid hormones play an important role in brain development, but the mechanism(s)
by which triiodothyronine (T3) mediates neuronal differentiation is poorly understood.
Here we demonstrate that T3 regulates the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3
(NT-3), in developing rat cerebellar granule cells both in cell culture and in
vivo. In situ hybridization experiments showed that developing Purkinje cells
do not express NT-3 mRNA but do express trkC, the putative neuronal receptor for
NT-3. Addition of recombinant NT-3 to cerebellar cultures from embryonic rat brain
induces hypertrophy and neurite sprouting of Purkinje cells, and upregulates the
mRNA encoding the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28 kD. The present study
demonstrates a novel interaction between cerebellar granule neurons and developing
Purkinje cells in which NT-3 induced by T3 in the granule cells promotes Purkinje
cell differentiation.
acknowledgement: "E. Castrtn is an Alexander von Humboldt fellow. M. Berzaghi is supported
by a scholarship from CNPQ, Brasil. L. F. Parada, P. Tsoulfas, and L. Tesarollo
were supported by a National Institutes of Health grant. We thank D. Stratmann and
K. Angermeyer for skillful technical assistance; I. Hajjar for secretarial work
and Dr. R. G~rtner for help with\r\ninducing hypothyroidism; Dr. W. Hunzieker for
the calbindin-28 kD eDNA; Dr. M. Fishman for the GAP-43 eDNA; and Dr. Y.-A. Barde
for critical comments."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Dan
full_name: Lindholm, Dan
last_name: Lindholm
- first_name: Eero
full_name: Castrén, Eero
last_name: Castrén
- first_name: Pantelis
full_name: Tsoulfas, Pantelis
last_name: Tsoulfas
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Kolbeck, Roland
last_name: Kolbeck
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Berzaghi, Maria
last_name: Berzaghi
- first_name: Axel
full_name: Leingärtner, Axel
last_name: Leingärtner
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Lino
full_name: Tesarollo, Lino
last_name: Tesarollo
- first_name: Luis
full_name: Parada, Luis
last_name: Parada
- first_name: Hans
full_name: Thoenen, Hans
last_name: Thoenen
citation:
ama: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, et al. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine
in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal
of Cell Biology. 1993;122(2):443-450. doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.443
apa: Lindholm, D., Castrén, E., Tsoulfas, P., Kolbeck, R., Berzaghi, M., Leingärtner,
A., … Thoenen, H. (1993). Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar
granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of Cell Biology.
Rockefeller University Press. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443
chicago: Lindholm, Dan, Eero Castrén, Pantelis Tsoulfas, Roland Kolbeck, Maria Berzaghi,
Axel Leingärtner, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Lino Tesarollo, Luis Parada, and
Hans Thoenen. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar Granule
Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” Journal of Cell Biology.
Rockefeller University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443.
ieee: D. Lindholm et al., “Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in
cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation,” Journal of
Cell Biology, vol. 122, no. 2. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 443–450,
1993.
ista: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, Kolbeck R, Berzaghi M, Leingärtner A, Heisenberg
C-PJ, Tesarollo L, Parada L, Thoenen H. 1993. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine
in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of
Cell Biology. 122(2), 443–450.
mla: Lindholm, Dan, et al. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar
Granule Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” Journal of Cell Biology,
vol. 122, no. 2, Rockefeller University Press, 1993, pp. 443–50, doi:10.1083/jcb.122.2.443.
short: D. Lindholm, E. Castrén, P. Tsoulfas, R. Kolbeck, M. Berzaghi, A. Leingärtner,
C.-P.J. Heisenberg, L. Tesarollo, L. Parada, H. Thoenen, Journal of Cell Biology
122 (1993) 443–450.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:25Z
date_published: 1993-07-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-24T12:59:20Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.2.443
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8320266'
intvolume: ' 122'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119654/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 443 - 450
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-9525
publication_status: published
publisher: Rockefeller University Press
publist_id: '1942'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes
Purkinje cell differentiation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 122
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '4303'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In a stably subdivided population with symmetric migration, the chance that
a favoured allele will be fixed is independent of population structure. However,
random extinction introduces an extra component of sampling drift, and reduces
the probability of fixation. In this paper, the fixation probability is calculated
using the diffusion approximation; comparison with exact solution of the discrete
model shows this to be accurate. The key parameters are the rates of selection,
migration and extinction, scaled relative to population size (S = 4Ns, M = 4Nm,
Λ = 4Nλ); results apply to a haploid model, or to diploids with additive selection.
If new colonies derive from many demes, the fixation probability cannot be reduced
by more than half. However, if colonies are initially homogeneous, fixation probability
can be much reduced. In the limit of low migration and extinction rates (M, Λ
1), it is 2s/{1 + (Λ/MS)(1 −exp(−S))}, whilst in the opposite limit (S 1), it
is 4sM/{Λ(Λ + M)}. In the limit of weak selection (M, Λ 1), it is 4sM/{Λ(Λ +
M)}. These factors are not the same as the reduction in effective population size
(Ne/N), showing that the effects of population structure on selected alleles cannot
be understood from the behaviour of neutral markers.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the SERC (GR/H/09928) and
NERC (GR/3/8002), and by the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh. Thanks are due to B. Nürnberger
for convincing me that population structure does reduce fixation probability, to
M. Whitlock for discussions on calculations of effective population size, and to
W. G. Hill, P. Keightley and the anonymous referees for their comments.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Barton NH. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
population. Genetics Research. 1993;62(2):149-158. doi:10.1017/S0016672300031748
apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a
subdivided population. Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in
a Subdivided Population.” Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press,
1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748.
ieee: N. H. Barton, “The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
population,” Genetics Research, vol. 62, no. 2. Cambridge University Press,
pp. 149–158, 1993.
ista: Barton NH. 1993. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
population. Genetics Research. 62(2), 149–158.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in a
Subdivided Population.” Genetics Research, vol. 62, no. 2, Cambridge University
Press, 1993, pp. 149–58, doi:10.1017/S0016672300031748.
short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 62 (1993) 149–158.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z
date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-23T15:41:32Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/S0016672300031748
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 62'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/probability-of-fixation-of-a-favoured-allele-in-a-subdivided-population/3257B4AEC7044AFE40436C2DC15FBC4C#article
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 149 - 158
publication: Genetics Research
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1762'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 62
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '2533'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, was isolated
through polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA amplification by using primer sequences
conserved among the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family and by the
subsequent screening of a rat brain cDNA library. The cloned receptor consists
of 1171 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the
mGluR family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative
membrane-spanning segments. mGluR5 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR1
among the mGluR members and is coupled to the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol
hydrolysis/ Ca2+ signal transduction in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected
with the cloned cDNA. This receptor also resembles mGluR1 in its agonist selectivity
and antagonist responses; the potency rank order of agonists for mGluR5 was determined
to be quisqualate > L-glutamate ≥ ibotenate > trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate.
Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mGluR5 mRNA is widely distributed
in neuronal cells of the central nervous system and is expressed differently from
mGluR1 mRNA in many brain regions. This investigation thus demonstrates that there
is an additional mGluR subtype which closely resembles mGluR1 in its signal transduction
and pharmacological properties and is expressed in specialized neuronal cells
in the central nervous system.
acknowledgement: We are grateful to Seiji Ito for help of Ca2+ measurements and Akira
Uesugi for photographic assistance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Takaaki
full_name: Abe, Takaaki
last_name: Abe
- first_name: Hidemitsu
full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu
last_name: Sugihara
- first_name: Hiroyuki
full_name: Nawa, Hiroyuki
last_name: Nawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Noboru
full_name: Mizuno, Noboru
last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Abe T, Sugihara H, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Molecular characterization
of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+
signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1992;267(19):13361-13368.
doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3
apa: Abe, T., Sugihara, H., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi,
S. (1992). Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor
mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction. Journal of Biological
Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3
chicago: Abe, Takaaki, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru
Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Metabotropic
Glutamate Receptor MGluR5 Coupled to Inositol Phosphate/Ca2+ Signal Transduction.”
Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3.
ieee: T. Abe, H. Sugihara, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Molecular
characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to
inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction,” Journal of Biological Chemistry,
vol. 267, no. 19. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp.
13361–13368, 1992.
ista: Abe T, Sugihara H, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1992. Molecular
characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to
inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry.
267(19), 13361–13368.
mla: Abe, Takaaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Metabotropic Glutamate
Receptor MGluR5 Coupled to Inositol Phosphate/Ca2+ Signal Transduction.” Journal
of Biological Chemistry, vol. 267, no. 19, American Society for Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, 1992, pp. 13361–68, doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3.
short: T. Abe, H. Sugihara, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal
of Biological Chemistry 267 (1992) 13361–13368.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:14Z
date_published: 1992-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-17T15:08:29Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '1320017'
intvolume: ' 267'
issue: '19'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818422193
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 13361 - 13368
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '4366'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5
coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 267
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '2535'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We report the molecular characterization of two novel rat helix-loop-helix
(HLH) proteins, designated HES-1 and HES-3, that show structural homology to the
Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split [E(spl)] proteins, both of which are required
for normal neurogenesis. HES-1 mRNA, expressed in various tissues of both embryos
and adults, is present at a high level in the epithelial cells, including the
embryonal neuroepithelial cells, as well as in the mesoderm-derived tissues such
as the embryonal muscle. In contrast, HES-3 mRNA is produced exclusively in cerebellar
Purkinje cells. HES-1 represses transcription by binding to the N box, which is
a recognition sequence of E(spl) proteins. Interestingly, neither HES-1 nor HES-3
alone interacts efficiently with the E box, but each protein decreases the transcription
induced by E-box-binding HLH activators such as E47. Furthermore, HES-1 also inhibits
the functions of MyoD and MASH1 and effectively diminishes the myogenic conversion
of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by MyoD. These results suggest that HES-1 may play
an important role in mammalian development by negatively acting on the two different
sequences while HES-3 acts as a repressor in a specific type of neurons.
acknowledgement: "We thank Professor Noboru Mizuno for his kind help with in situ
hybridization experiments, Akira Uesugi and Dr. Chihiro\r\nAkazawa for photographic
assistance, Drs. Elizabeth Knust and Jose A. Campos-Ortega for communicating their
unpublished results, Dr. Shinji Fushiki for useful discussion, Dr. Mikio Nishizawa
and Professor Shigekazu Nagata for pMNT, Dr. David Baltimore for the E47 expression
vector, Drs. Yoichiro Nabeshima and Atsuko Fujisawa for the MyoD expression vector
and the reporter plasmid with the MCK enhancer, and Dr. Makoto Ishibashi for his
help in isolating the human E47 eDNA clone. This work was supported in part by research
grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan. The publication
costs of this article were defrayed in part by payment of page charges. This article
must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 USC section
1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Sasai, Yoshiki
last_name: Sasai
- first_name: Ryoichiro
full_name: Kageyama, Ryoichiro
last_name: Kageyama
- first_name: Yoshiaki
full_name: Tagawa, Yoshiaki
last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Shigetada
full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
ama: Sasai Y, Kageyama R, Tagawa Y, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. Two mammalian helix-loop-helix
factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split. Genes
and Development. 1992;6(12 B):2620-2634. doi:10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620
apa: Sasai, Y., Kageyama, R., Tagawa, Y., Shigemoto, R., & Nakanishi, S. (1992).
Two mammalian helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy
and Enhancer of split. Genes and Development. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620
chicago: Sasai, Yoshiki, Ryoichiro Kageyama, Yoshiaki Tagawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto,
and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Two Mammalian Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Structurally
Related to Drosophila Hairy and Enhancer of Split.” Genes and Development.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620.
ieee: Y. Sasai, R. Kageyama, Y. Tagawa, R. Shigemoto, and S. Nakanishi, “Two mammalian
helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer
of split,” Genes and Development, vol. 6, no. 12 B. Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, pp. 2620–2634, 1992.
ista: Sasai Y, Kageyama R, Tagawa Y, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. 1992. Two mammalian
helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer
of split. Genes and Development. 6(12 B), 2620–2634.
mla: Sasai, Yoshiki, et al. “Two Mammalian Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Structurally
Related to Drosophila Hairy and Enhancer of Split.” Genes and Development,
vol. 6, no. 12 B, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992, pp. 2620–34, doi:10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620.
short: Y. Sasai, R. Kageyama, Y. Tagawa, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, Genes and Development
6 (1992) 2620–2634.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-17T14:52:29Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '1340473'
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: 12 B
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/6/12b/2620
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2620 - 2634
pmid: 1
publication: Genes and Development
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0890-9369
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '4364'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Two mammalian helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy
and Enhancer of split
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '2722'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A version of the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas is considered: a point particle
of mass M (molecule), confined to the unit interval [0,1], is surrounded by an
infinite ideal gas of point particles of mass 1 (atoms). The molecule interacts
with the atoms and with the walls via elastic collision. Central limit theorems
are proved for a wide class of additive functionals of this system (e.g. the number
of collisions with the walls and the total length of the molecular path).'
acknowledgement: "The authors are very grateful to D. Szasz and A. Kramli for valuable
discussions and their encouragement. We are also indebted to D. Dϋrr for his comments
and suggestions.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: László
full_name: Erdös, László
id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Erdös
orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Dao
full_name: Tuyen, Dao
last_name: Tuyen
citation:
ama: Erdös L, Tuyen D. Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas
with semipermeable barriers. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1992;143(3):451-466.
doi:10.1007/BF02099260
apa: Erdös, L., & Tuyen, D. (1992). Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional
Rayleigh gas with semipermeable barriers. Communications in Mathematical Physics.
Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260
chicago: Erdös, László, and Dao Tuyen. “Central Limit Theorems for the One-Dimensional
Rayleigh Gas with Semipermeable Barriers.” Communications in Mathematical Physics.
Springer, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260.
ieee: L. Erdös and D. Tuyen, “Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh
gas with semipermeable barriers,” Communications in Mathematical Physics,
vol. 143, no. 3. Springer, pp. 451–466, 1992.
ista: Erdös L, Tuyen D. 1992. Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh
gas with semipermeable barriers. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 143(3),
451–466.
mla: Erdös, László, and Dao Tuyen. “Central Limit Theorems for the One-Dimensional
Rayleigh Gas with Semipermeable Barriers.” Communications in Mathematical Physics,
vol. 143, no. 3, Springer, 1992, pp. 451–66, doi:10.1007/BF02099260.
short: L. Erdös, D. Tuyen, Communications in Mathematical Physics 143 (1992) 451–466.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:15Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T14:24:12Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF02099260
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 143'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://projecteuclid.org/journals/communications-in-mathematical-physics/volume-143/issue-3/Central-limit-theorems-for-the-one-dimensional-Rayleigh-gas-with/cmp/1104249076.full
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 451 - 466
publication: Communications in Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0010-3616
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4170'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas with semipermeable
barriers
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 143
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3470'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Currents activated by glutamate receptor (GluR) agonists were recorded from
outside-out patches isolated from the soma of visually identified pyramidal neurones
of the (CA3 and CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
acid (AMPA). L-glutamate (L-Glu), and kainate (KA) were delivered either by bath
application through perfusion of the recording chamber or by rapid application
via a piezo-driven two-barrelled fast application system. 2. Bath application
of each of the three agonists activated inward currents in all patches (n = 134)
at holding potentials of -50 or -60 mV. The current amplitude increased in size
between 3 to 30 μM-AMPA and 100 μM to 1 mM-KA. With this slow mode of bath application,
the responses showed no apparent desensitization even at saturating concentrations
of AMPA (30 μM) and KA (1 mM). 3. The ratio of currents activated by 30 μM-AMPA
and 300 μM-KA showed a characteristic difference between CA3 and CA1 neurones.
The ratio was 0.242 ± 0.028 (mean ± S.E.M., n = 16) for CA3 cell patches and 0.097
± 0.012 (n = 8) for CA1 cell patches indicating that GluRs in the two cell populations
are different. 4. The steady-state current-voltage relations (I-Vs) for AMPA-
and KA-activated currents showed pronounced outward rectification for both cell
types (when the main cations are Na+ in the bath and Cs+ in the pipette solution).
The current reversed close to 0 mV and the ratio of chord conductances 80 mV on
either side of the reversal potential was 2.66 for KA-activated currents in CA3
cell patches and 2.60 in CA1 cell patches. AMPA-activated currents showed a time-dependent
increase after steps to positive membrane potentials and a decrease after steps
to negative voltages, indicating that a gating process is responsible for outward
rectification of the steady-state I-IV. 5. The permeability (P) of GluR channels
was high for Na+ as compared to Cs+ for both cell types (P(Na)/P(Cs) = 0.88 and
0.84). The permeability was low for N-methyl-D-glucamine+ (P(NMG)/P(Cs) ≤ 0.03)
and Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(Cs) ≤0.05). 6. The current noise level increased during application
of AMPA or KA. Apparent single-channel conductances obtained from fluctuation
analysis were higher for AMPA than for KA, but similar for both cell types. In
CA3 cell patches, AMPA activated channels with an apparent chord conductance of
7.2 pS, KA of 3.0 pS conductance. 7. Fast agonist application revealed desensitization
of GluR channels which was dependent on the type of agonist, currents activated
by AMPA and L-Glu rose rapidly to a peak and then desensitized to a steady-state
current. In contrast, currents activated by fast application of KA rose to a plateau
and did not desensitize. The steady state current expressed as a percentage of
the peak current was higher for L-Glu than for AMPA and slightly higher for CA3
than for CA1 cell patches. For CA3 cell patches, this fraction amounted to 6.2
%, with 300 μM-L-Glu and 2.8%, with 300 μM-AMPA. For CA1 cell patches, corresponding
values were 3.6 and 1.9 % 8. The dose response relations for the peak current
activated by AMPA and L-Glu and the steady-state current activated by KA were
similar for CA3 and CA1 cell patches. The order of potency was AMPA > L-Glu
≃ KA for both cell types EC50 values 189, 342 and 344 μM for CA3 cell patches
and 183, 424 and 474 μM for CA1 cell patches). In all cases, the Hill coefficients
ranged between 12 and 1.7. 8. The rise of AMPA and L-Glu-activated currents became
faster with increasing agonist concentration for both cell types. With L-Glu,
rise times decreased from about 3 ms at 100 μM to 500 μs at 3 mM. The delay for
agonist concentrations ≥ 300 μM was described by the sum of two exponential functions.
The time constant of the predominant fast component was slightly concentration
dependent and decreased from about 12 ms at 300 μM to 8 ms at 3 mM-L-Glu. 10.
The current voltage relations of the peak currents activated by 300 μM-AMPA were
linear for both cell types with a reversal potential close to OmV. 11. It is concluded
that the GluR channels in pyramidal cells of hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions are
distinet but share many pharmacological and functional properties. Comparison
of the properties of native and recombinant GluRs suggests that in both CA3 and
CA1 regions GluR channels are hetero-oligomers containing the GluR-B subunit.
acknowledgement: "We thank Dr D. Colquhoun, Dr J. P. Ruppersberg and Dr T. A. Verdoorn
for critically reading the manuscript, K. Bauer, C. Busch and F. Helmchen for computer
programming, and M. Kaiser for technical assistance. \r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Bert
full_name: Sakmann, Bert
last_name: Sakmann
citation:
ama: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1
and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology.
1992;455:143-171. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
apa: Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1992). Glutamate receptor channels in isolated
patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal
of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
chicago: Jonas, Peter M, and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated
Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal
of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 .
ieee: P. M. Jonas and B. Sakmann, “Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches
from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices,” Journal of Physiology,
vol. 455. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 143–171, 1992.
ista: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches
from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology.
455, 143–171.
mla: Jonas, Peter M., and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated
Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal
of Physiology, vol. 455, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 143–71, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 .
short: P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 455 (1992) 143–171.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z
date_published: 1992-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T13:01:55Z
day: '01'
doi: '10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '1282929 '
intvolume: ' 455'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 143 - 171
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2917'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal
cells of rat hippocampal slices
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 455
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3471'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 1. Outside-out patches were isolated from granule cells of dentate gyrus and
pyramidal cells of CA3 and CA1 regions of rat hippocampal slices. Patches were
exposed briefly to L-glutamate using a piezo-driven double-barrelled application
pipette. 2. Applications of glutamate (1 mM) of 1 ms duration activated patch
currents which rose and decayed rapidly. The 20-80% rise time of these glutamate
receptor (GluR)-mediated currents was usually 0.2-0.6 ms. At -50 mV the peak current
varied from 10 to 500 pA in different patches. 3. The peak current-voltage relation
for brief pulses of 1 mM glutamate was virtually linear in normal extracellular
solution for patches from the three cell types (-100 to 60 mV). 4. The permeability
of GluR channels activated at the peak to Ca2+, relative to K+, was less than
0.1 for all three cell types (under bi-ionic conditions with Ca2+ on the extracellular
side and K+ on the intracellular side of the membrane). 5. The offset decay time
constant of the current following 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate was brief, with
mean values of 3.0 +/- 0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.7, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 ms for dentate, CA3 and
CA1 cell patches, respectively. Offset time constants were independent of membrane
potential and independent of glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for
the three cell types. 6. Applications of 1 mM glutamate of 100 ms duration showed
that glutamate responses desensitized rapidly. The time constants for desensitization
were 9.4 +/- 2.7, 11.3 +/- 2.8, and 9.3 +/- 2.8 ms for patches from dentate, CA3
and CA1 cells respectively. Desensitization time constants were only weakly dependent
on glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for the three cell types. Thus
offset time constants are about four times faster than desensitization time constants
for both glutamate concentrations. 7. Double pulse application of glutamate indicated
that even a 1 ms pulse of 1 mM glutamate causes partial (about 60%) desensitization
of GluR channels. The time course of recovery from desensitization was slower
in dentate gyrus granule cell patches than in CA3 or CA1 pyramidal cell patches.
8. Desensitization was studied at equilibrium by exposing patches to low glutamate
concentrations for at least 15 s before a 1 ms test pulse of 1 mM glutamate.
acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs N.Burnashev, P. Ruppersberg , and G.Stuart for critically
reading the manuscript, and Marlies Kaiser for technical assistance. D.C.is a recipient
of a Humboldt prize. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: D.
full_name: Colquhoun, D.
last_name: Colquhoun
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Bert
full_name: Sakmann, Bert
last_name: Sakmann
citation:
ama: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate
receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. Journal
of Physiology. 1992;458:261-287. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417
apa: Colquhoun, D., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1992). Action of brief pulses
of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat
hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417
chicago: Colquhoun, D., Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Action of Brief Pulses
of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat
Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417.
ieee: D. Colquhoun, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Action of brief pulses of glutamate
on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal
slices,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 458. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 261–287,
1992.
ista: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Action of brief pulses of glutamate
on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal
slices. Journal of Physiology. 458, 261–287.
mla: Colquhoun, D., et al. “Action of Brief Pulses of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate
Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal
of Physiology, vol. 458, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 261–87, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417.
short: D. Colquhoun, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 458 (1992) 261–287.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z
date_published: 1992-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T12:41:01Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '1338788'
intvolume: ' 458'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1175155/
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 261 - 287
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2916'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from
different neurones of rat hippocampal slices
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 458
year: '1992'
...