[{"publisher":"Copernicus Publications","month":"04","type":"journal_article","status":"public","title":"DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"_id":"21837","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","issue":"3","citation":{"short":"F. Pellicciotti, A. Fontrodona-Bach, D.R. Rounce, C.L. Fyffe, L.S. Anderson, Á. Ayala, B.W. Brock, P. Buri, S. Fugger, K. Fujita, P. GANTAYAT, A.R. Groos, W. Immerzeel, M. Kneib, C. Mayer, S. MacDonell, M. McCarthy, J. McPhee, E. Miles, H. Purdie, E. Rets, A. Sakai, T. Shaw, J. Steiner, P. Wagnon, A. Winter-Billington, The Cryosphere 20 (2026) 1895–1928.","ista":"Pellicciotti F, Fontrodona-Bach A, Rounce DR, Fyffe CL, Anderson LS, Ayala Á, Brock BW, Buri P, Fugger S, Fujita K, GANTAYAT P, Groos AR, Immerzeel W, Kneib M, Mayer C, MacDonell S, McCarthy M, McPhee J, Miles E, Purdie H, Rets E, Sakai A, Shaw T, Steiner J, Wagnon P, Winter-Billington A. 2026. DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. The Cryosphere. 20(3), 1895–1928.","apa":"Pellicciotti, F., Fontrodona-Bach, A., Rounce, D. R., Fyffe, C. L., Anderson, L. S., Ayala, Á., … Winter-Billington, A. (2026). DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026</a>","ieee":"F. Pellicciotti <i>et al.</i>, “DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment,” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 20, no. 3. Copernicus Publications, pp. 1895–1928, 2026.","mla":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “DCG-MIP: The Debris-Covered Glacier Melt Model Intercomparison Experiment.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>, vol. 20, no. 3, Copernicus Publications, 2026, pp. 1895–928, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026\">10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026</a>.","ama":"Pellicciotti F, Fontrodona-Bach A, Rounce DR, et al. DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. <i>The Cryosphere</i>. 2026;20(3):1895-1928. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026\">10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026</a>","chicago":"Pellicciotti, Francesca, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, David R. Rounce, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Leif S. Anderson, Álvaro Ayala, Ben W. Brock, et al. “DCG-MIP: The Debris-Covered Glacier Melt Model Intercomparison Experiment.” <i>The Cryosphere</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026\">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T06:07:53Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T06:12:56Z","page":"1895-1928","corr_author":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","date_created":"2026-05-07T08:48:38Z","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":20,"DOAJ_listed":"1","ddc":["550"],"intvolume":"        20","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant agreement No\r\n772751, RAVEN, “Rapid mass losses of debris covered glaciers in\r\nHigh Mountain Asia”. It was also supported by the SNSF RENOIR\r\nproject “Resolving the thickness of debris on Earth’s glaciers and\r\nits rate of change (RENOIR)”, project number 204322.\r\nDavid Rounce received support from NASA-ROSES program\r\ngrants NNX17AB27G and 80NSSC17K0566. Walter Immerzeel\r\nand Jakob Steiner acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation program (grant agreement no. 676819).\r\nBen Brock acknowledges support from the EU/FP7 ACQWA\r\n(Assessing Climate impacts on the Quantity and quality of WAter) project, NERC grant NE/C514282/1, the British Council-Italian\r\nMinistry of University and Research Partnership programme and\r\nthe Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.\r\nThe authors acknowledge the International Association of\r\nCryospheric Sciences (IACS) for supporting the creation of the\r\nDebris-Covered Glaciers Working Group (DCG-WG) which enabled this model intercomparison experiment.\r\nThe authors thank Martin Heynen for producing Figs. 3 and 4.\r\nThe authors thank Duncan Quincey and Richard Essery for their\r\nconstructive feedback and comments.\r\n","doi":"10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","publication":"The Cryosphere","abstract":[{"text":"In a warming world of glacier changes, the scientific community has dedicated increasing attention to debris-covered glaciers and their response to climate. A variety of models with distinct complexity and data requirements have been developed and widely used to simulate melt under debris at different sites and scales, but their skills have never been compared. As part of the activities of the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) Debris Covered Glacier Working Group, we present an intercomparison exercise aimed at advancing our understanding of model skills in simulating ice melt under a debris layer. We compare 15 models with different complexity at nine sites in the European Alps, Caucasus, Chilean Andes, Nepalese Himalaya and the Southern Alps of New Zealand, over one melt season. We run the models with measured meteorological data from automatic weather stations and estimated or measured debris properties. We consider four main model categories: (i) energy balance models that calculate melt by solving the physics of heat transfer to the debris layer, but require a high amount of input data; (ii) a simplified energy balance model; (iii) enhanced temperature-index models; and (iv) simple empirical temperature-index models that have been extensively used given their low data requirement but require calibration of their empirical parameters. Model performance is evaluated using on-site measurements of sub-debris melt (for all models) and surface temperature (for models based on the surface energy balance). Our results show that physically-based energy balance models and empirical temperature-index models perform in a distinct manner. At one end of the spectrum, simple temperature-index models are accurate when recalibrated or when using site-specific literature parameters, and show poor results when parameters are uncalibrated. At the other end, energy balance models show a range of performance: the most accurate energy balance models are those with the highest degree of complexity at the atmosphere-debris interface. An important data gap emerged from our experiment: the poor performance of all models at three sites was related to the poor knowledge of debris properties, and specifically of thermal conductivity. Future work should focus on both: (i) consistent data acquisition to evaluate existing models and support new model developments; (ii) advancing models by accounting for processes such as debris-snow interactions, moisture in the debris and refreezing. We suggest that a systematic effort of model development using a common model framework could be carried out in phase II of the Working Group.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"checksum":"f15abad4ee360d41a3e8794f068711fc","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_Cryosphere_Pellicciotti.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-05-18T06:07:53Z","file_id":"21886","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_size":3168394,"date_created":"2026-05-18T06:07:53Z"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1994-0424"]},"oa":1,"OA_type":"gold","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"},{"full_name":"Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià","first_name":"Adrià","last_name":"Fontrodona-Bach","id":"f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046"},{"last_name":"Rounce","first_name":"David R.","full_name":"Rounce, David R."},{"first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","last_name":"Fyffe","id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228"},{"last_name":"Anderson","first_name":"Leif S.","full_name":"Anderson, Leif S."},{"last_name":"Ayala","first_name":"Álvaro","full_name":"Ayala, Álvaro"},{"last_name":"Brock","first_name":"Ben W.","full_name":"Brock, Ben W."},{"last_name":"Buri","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal"},{"last_name":"Fugger","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Fujita, Koji","first_name":"Koji","last_name":"Fujita"},{"id":"02734268-3e8d-11ef-80a1-cec4a088d004","last_name":"GANTAYAT","full_name":"GANTAYAT, PRATEEK","first_name":"PRATEEK"},{"first_name":"Alexander R.","full_name":"Groos, Alexander R.","last_name":"Groos"},{"first_name":"Walter","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter","last_name":"Immerzeel"},{"full_name":"Kneib, Marin","first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Kneib"},{"first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Mayer, Christoph","last_name":"Mayer"},{"last_name":"MacDonell","first_name":"Shelley","full_name":"MacDonell, Shelley"},{"last_name":"McCarthy","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f"},{"full_name":"McPhee, James","first_name":"James","last_name":"McPhee"},{"last_name":"Miles","first_name":"Evan","full_name":"Miles, Evan"},{"last_name":"Purdie","full_name":"Purdie, Heather","first_name":"Heather"},{"full_name":"Rets, Ekaterina","first_name":"Ekaterina","last_name":"Rets"},{"full_name":"Sakai, Akiko","first_name":"Akiko","last_name":"Sakai"},{"id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","last_name":"Shaw","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob"},{"last_name":"Wagnon","first_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Wagnon, Patrick"},{"last_name":"Winter-Billington","first_name":"Alex","full_name":"Winter-Billington, Alex"}],"scopus_import":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"05","OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2662-4435"]},"pmid":1,"oa":1,"file":[{"file_id":"19862","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_size":3172494,"date_created":"2025-06-23T06:41:15Z","checksum":"5d5317640abe280c4f4edfca732cf4e0","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_CommEarthEnvir_Fyffe.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-06-23T06:41:15Z"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_status":"published","OA_type":"gold","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228"},{"full_name":"Potter, Emily","first_name":"Emily","last_name":"Potter"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan","first_name":"Evan","last_name":"Miles"},{"last_name":"Shaw","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152"},{"id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f","full_name":"Mccarthy, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Mccarthy"},{"first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"Orr, Andrew","last_name":"Orr"},{"last_name":"Loarte","full_name":"Loarte, Edwin","first_name":"Edwin"},{"full_name":"Medina, Katy","first_name":"Katy","last_name":"Medina"},{"first_name":"Simone","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"last_name":"Hellström","first_name":"Rob","full_name":"Hellström, Rob"},{"full_name":"Baraer, Michel","first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Baraer"},{"full_name":"Mateo, Emilio","first_name":"Emilio","last_name":"Mateo"},{"first_name":"Alejo","full_name":"Cochachin, Alejo","last_name":"Cochachin"},{"full_name":"Westoby, Matthew","first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Westoby"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001503932400002"],"pmid":["40486185"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_number":"434","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":6,"project":[{"grant_number":"101105480","_id":"bdbe6627-d553-11ed-ba76-b5c9eedf278f","name":"ExPloring the ecohydrological Impacts of a changing Cryosphere in the Peruvian Andes"}],"ddc":["550"],"corr_author":"1","date_created":"2025-06-15T22:01:28Z","doi":"10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x","publication":"Communications Earth and Environment","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"The snow and glaciers of the Peruvian Andes provide vital water supplies in a region facing water scarcity and substantial glacier change. However, there remains a lack of understanding of snow processes and quantification of the contribution of melt to runoff. Here we apply a distributed glacio-hydrological model over the Rio Santa basin to disentangle the role of the cryosphere in the Andean water cycle. Only at the highest elevations (>5000 m a.s.l.) is the snow cover continuous; at lower elevations, the snowpack is thin and ephemeral, with rapid cycles of snowfall and melt. Due to the large catchment area affected by ephemeral snow, its contribution to catchment inputs is substantial (23% and 38% in the wet and dry season, respectively). Ice melt is crucial in the mid-dry season (up to 44% of inputs). Our results improve estimates of water fluxes and call for further process-based modelling across the Andes.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2025","intvolume":"         6","acknowledgement":"This work was conducted under the PeruGROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC Glacier Research Circles through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract N°08-2019-FONDECYT). Francesca Pellicciotti acknowledges support from the SNSF-funded PASTURE project, grant no. 202604. Catriona Fyffe was supported by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action project EPIC, which was funded by the European Union (grant number 101105480). We thank Florian von Ah for calculating the altitudinally resolved glacier mass balances for the catchment. We also thank Duncan Quincey for his support and guidance within both the PeruGROWS and PEGASUS projects. Gerardo Jacome and Alan Llacza are thanked for their contribution to the climate modelling. We thank Ignacio López-Moreno and Simon Gascoin for their thoughtful and constructive comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. The team dedicates this work to the memory of Ing. Alejo Cochachin Rapre, and his tireless work to monitor the region’s glaciers.","article_type":"original","citation":{"ama":"Fyffe CL, Potter E, Miles E, et al. Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes. <i>Communications Earth and Environment</i>. 2025;6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x\">10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x</a>","mla":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise, et al. “Thin and Ephemeral Snow Shapes Melt and Runoff Dynamics in the Peruvian Andes.” <i>Communications Earth and Environment</i>, vol. 6, 434, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x\">10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x</a>.","chicago":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise, Emily Potter, Evan Miles, Thomas Shaw, Michael McCarthy, Andrew Orr, Edwin Loarte, et al. “Thin and Ephemeral Snow Shapes Melt and Runoff Dynamics in the Peruvian Andes.” <i>Communications Earth and Environment</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x</a>.","ista":"Fyffe CL, Potter E, Miles E, Shaw T, McCarthy M, Orr A, Loarte E, Medina K, Fatichi S, Hellström R, Baraer M, Mateo E, Cochachin A, Westoby M, Pellicciotti F. 2025. Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes. Communications Earth and Environment. 6, 434.","short":"C.L. Fyffe, E. Potter, E. Miles, T. Shaw, M. McCarthy, A. Orr, E. Loarte, K. Medina, S. Fatichi, R. Hellström, M. Baraer, E. Mateo, A. Cochachin, M. Westoby, F. Pellicciotti, Communications Earth and Environment 6 (2025).","ieee":"C. L. Fyffe <i>et al.</i>, “Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes,” <i>Communications Earth and Environment</i>, vol. 6. Springer Nature, 2025.","apa":"Fyffe, C. L., Potter, E., Miles, E., Shaw, T., McCarthy, M., Orr, A., … Pellicciotti, F. (2025). Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes. <i>Communications Earth and Environment</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x</a>"},"file_date_updated":"2025-06-23T06:41:15Z","date_updated":"2025-09-30T12:48:43Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"_id":"19839","isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","month":"06","title":"Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"corr_author":"1","date_created":"2025-06-23T13:54:01Z","article_number":"e2025JF008360","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":130,"ddc":["550"],"year":"2025","intvolume":"       130","acknowledgement":"This project received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 204322, project “REsolving the thickNess Of debris on Earth's glacIers and its Rate of change,” RENOIR). We thank Lars Groeneveld, Diego Hernández, Alonso Mejías, Gabriela Reyes and Gabriela Tala for their support during fieldwork. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria/KEMÖ.","doi":"10.1029/2025jf008360","publication":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_published":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Rock debris partially covers glaciers worldwide, with varying extents and distributions, and controls sub‐debris melt rates by modifying energy transfer from the atmosphere to the ice. Two key physical properties controlling this energy exchange are thermal conductivity (k) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0). Accurate representation of these properties in energy‐balance models is critical for understanding climate‐glacier interactions and predicting the behavior of debris‐covered glaciers. However, k and z0 have been derived at very few sites from limited local measurements, using different approaches, and most model applications rely on values reported from these few sites and studies. We derive k and z0 using established and modified approaches from data at three locations on Pirámide Glacier in the central Chilean Andes. By comparing methods and evaluating melt simulated with an energy‐balance model, we reveal substantial differences between approaches. These lead to discrepancies between ice melt from energy‐balance simulations and observed data, and highlight the impact of method choice on calculated ice melt. Optimizing k against measured melt appears a viable approach to constrain melt simulations. Determining z0 seems less critical, as it has a smaller impact on total melt. Profile aerodynamic method measurements for estimating z0, despite higher costs, are independent of ice melt calculations. The large, unexpected differences between methods indicate a substantial knowledge gap. The fact that field‐derived k and z0 fail to work well in energy‐balance models, suggests that model values represent bulk properties distinct from theoretical field measurements. Addressing this gap is essential for improving glacier melt predictions.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_size":3949928,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-06-24T06:27:34Z","success":1,"file_id":"19886","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2025-06-24T06:27:34Z","file_name":"2025_JGREarthSurface_MeloVelasco.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"ca91541516c71d240321630ca42b4dc4"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"15","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2169-9011"],"issn":["2169-9003"]},"OA_place":"publisher","oa":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"id":"2611dec0-b9c6-11ed-9bea-a81c2b17a549","first_name":"Juan Vicente","full_name":"Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente","last_name":"Melo Velasco"},{"last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan","first_name":"Evan"},{"last_name":"McCarthy","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael","first_name":"Michael","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Shaw"},{"last_name":"Fyffe","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","first_name":"Catriona Louise","id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228"},{"id":"f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046","last_name":"Fontrodona-Bach","first_name":"Adrià","full_name":"Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti"}],"scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001508794200001"]},"publisher":"Wiley","month":"06","type":"journal_article","status":"public","title":"Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"_id":"19878","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","issue":"6","citation":{"short":"J.V. Melo Velasco, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, T. Shaw, C.L. Fyffe, A. Fontrodona-Bach, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 130 (2025).","ista":"Melo Velasco JV, Miles E, McCarthy M, Shaw T, Fyffe CL, Fontrodona-Bach A, Pellicciotti F. 2025. Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 130(6), e2025JF008360.","apa":"Melo Velasco, J. V., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Shaw, T., Fyffe, C. L., Fontrodona-Bach, A., &#38; Pellicciotti, F. (2025). Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360</a>","ieee":"J. V. Melo Velasco <i>et al.</i>, “Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier,” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 130, no. 6. Wiley, 2025.","mla":"Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente, et al. “Method Dependence in Thermal Conductivity and Aerodynamic Roughness Length Estimates on a Debris‐covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>, vol. 130, no. 6, e2025JF008360, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360\">10.1029/2025jf008360</a>.","ama":"Melo Velasco JV, Miles E, McCarthy M, et al. Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. 2025;130(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360\">10.1029/2025jf008360</a>","chicago":"Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Shaw, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Method Dependence in Thermal Conductivity and Aerodynamic Roughness Length Estimates on a Debris‐covered Glacier.” <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-06-24T06:27:34Z","date_updated":"2025-09-30T13:42:28Z"},{"type":"journal_article","month":"04","title":"Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia","status":"public","publisher":"IOP Publishing","keyword":["Public Health","Environmental and Occupational Health","General Environmental Science","Renewable Energy","Sustainability and the Environment"],"_id":"14938","isi":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-09-04T11:57:57Z","citation":{"short":"S. Fugger, T. Shaw, A. Jouberton, E. Miles, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fatichi, M. Kneib, P. Molnar, F. Pellicciotti, Environmental Research Letters 19 (2024).","ista":"Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, Miles E, Buri P, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fatichi S, Kneib M, Molnar P, Pellicciotti F. 2024. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. 19, 044057.","apa":"Fugger, S., Shaw, T., Jouberton, A., Miles, E., Buri, P., McCarthy, M., … Pellicciotti, F. (2024). Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0</a>","ieee":"S. Fugger <i>et al.</i>, “Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia,” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 19. IOP Publishing, 2024.","mla":"Fugger, Stefan, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>, vol. 19, 044057, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0\">10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0</a>.","ama":"Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, et al. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. 2024;19. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0\">10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0</a>","chicago":"Fugger, Stefan, Thomas Shaw, Achille Jouberton, Evan Miles, Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2024-07-22T09:14:44Z","date_created":"2024-02-05T09:01:11Z","corr_author":"1","ddc":["550"],"article_number":"044057","volume":19,"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the team at the Center for the Research of Glaciers, Tajik National Academy of Sciences, Abduhamid Kayumov, Khusrav Kabutov, Ardamehr Halimov, among others, for their invaluable support over multiple field seasons in Kyzylsu. We thank Wei Yang, Zhao Xhuanxi and Zhen Cheng from the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for facilitating and supporting fieldwork and for sharing crucial data from the Parlung 24K catchment. We thank Reeju Shrestha and Himalayan Research Expeditions for their great support in Langtang. We extend our thanks to Jakob Steiner and the team at ICIMOD for their relentless efforts in data acquisition and curation in Langtang. Additionally, we are indebted to Masashi Niwano from the Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, for providing NHM atmospheric simulation outputs, which proved very valuable in the downscaling process.\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Grant Agreements No. 772751 (RAVEN, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia). Further funding was provided by JSPS-SNSF (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Swiss National Science Foundation) Bilateral Programmes project (HOPE, High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; Grant 183633). Fieldwork support for Tajikistan was received from the Swiss Polar Institute Flagship Programme PAMIR, SPI-FLAG-2021-001. The project also received funding from the ESA and NRSCC Dragon 5 cooperation project 'Cryosphere-hydrosphere interactions of the Asian water towers: using remote sensing to drive hyper-resolution ecohydrological modeling' (grant no. 59199). The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41961134035) financially supported the data collection at 24K.","year":"2024","intvolume":"        19","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. &amp;#xD;Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. &amp;#xD;Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit."}],"doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","publication":"Environmental Research Letters","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_size":4433401,"date_created":"2024-07-22T09:14:44Z","file_id":"17295","success":1,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2024_EnvironmResearch_Fugger.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2024-07-22T09:14:44Z","checksum":"27999359b51c30fec6d81e48cdf0ee0d"}],"day":"09","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-9326"]},"oa":1,"author":[{"id":"86698d64-c4c6-11ee-af02-cdf1e6a7d31f","last_name":"Fugger","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","last_name":"Shaw"},{"last_name":"Jouberton","first_name":"Achille","full_name":"Jouberton, Achille"},{"last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan","first_name":"Evan"},{"id":"317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal","last_name":"Buri"},{"last_name":"McCarthy","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael","first_name":"Michael","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f"},{"id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","first_name":"Catriona Louise","last_name":"Fyffe"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"last_name":"Kneib","first_name":"Marin","full_name":"Kneib, Marin"},{"last_name":"Molnar","first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Molnar, Peter"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087"}],"scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001198892300001"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"file_date_updated":"2024-07-29T11:34:54Z","citation":{"chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Simone Fatichi, Thomas Shaw, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Evan S. Miles, Michael McCarthy, Marin Kneib, et al. “Land Surface Modeling Informed by Earth Observation Data: Toward Understanding Blue–Green–White Water Fluxes in High Mountain Asia.” <i>Geo-Spatial Information Science</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546</a>.","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. “Land Surface Modeling Informed by Earth Observation Data: Toward Understanding Blue–Green–White Water Fluxes in High Mountain Asia.” <i>Geo-Spatial Information Science</i>, vol. 27, no. 3, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2024, pp. 703–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546\">10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546</a>.","ama":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, et al. Land surface modeling informed by earth observation data: Toward understanding blue–green–white water fluxes in High Mountain Asia. <i>Geo-Spatial Information Science</i>. 2024;27(3):703-727. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546\">10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546</a>","apa":"Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T., Fyffe, C. L., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M., … Pellicciotti, F. (2024). Land surface modeling informed by earth observation data: Toward understanding blue–green–white water fluxes in High Mountain Asia. <i>Geo-Spatial Information Science</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546\">https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546</a>","ieee":"P. Buri <i>et al.</i>, “Land surface modeling informed by earth observation data: Toward understanding blue–green–white water fluxes in High Mountain Asia,” <i>Geo-Spatial Information Science</i>, vol. 27, no. 3. Taylor &#38; Francis, pp. 703–727, 2024.","short":"P. Buri, S. Fatichi, T. Shaw, C.L. Fyffe, E.S. Miles, M. McCarthy, M. Kneib, S. Ren, A. Jouberton, S. Fugger, L. Jia, J. Zhang, C. Shen, C. Zheng, M. Menenti, F. Pellicciotti, Geo-Spatial Information Science 27 (2024) 703–727.","ista":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, Fyffe CL, Miles ES, McCarthy M, Kneib M, Ren S, Jouberton A, Fugger S, Jia L, Zhang J, Shen C, Zheng C, Menenti M, Pellicciotti F. 2024. Land surface modeling informed by earth observation data: Toward understanding blue–green–white water fluxes in High Mountain Asia. Geo-Spatial Information Science. 27(3), 703–727."},"date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:28:38Z","page":"703-727","article_type":"original","issue":"3","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"publisher":"Taylor & Francis","status":"public","title":"Land surface modeling informed by earth observation data: Toward understanding blue–green–white water fluxes in High Mountain Asia","type":"journal_article","month":"03","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"isi":1,"_id":"15298","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001189470100001"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Buri","full_name":"Buri, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal"},{"last_name":"Fatichi","first_name":"Simone","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","last_name":"Shaw","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228","last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise"},{"first_name":"Evan S.","full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","last_name":"Miles"},{"id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f","last_name":"Mccarthy","full_name":"Mccarthy, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Kneib, Marin","first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Kneib"},{"last_name":"Ren","full_name":"Ren, Shaoting","first_name":"Shaoting"},{"first_name":"Achille","full_name":"Jouberton, Achille","last_name":"Jouberton"},{"last_name":"Fugger","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Jia","first_name":"Li","full_name":"Jia, Li"},{"first_name":"Jing","full_name":"Zhang, Jing","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Shen","full_name":"Shen, Cong","first_name":"Cong"},{"first_name":"Chaolei","full_name":"Zheng, Chaolei","last_name":"Zheng"},{"last_name":"Menenti","first_name":"Massimo","full_name":"Menenti, Massimo"},{"first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","last_name":"Pellicciotti","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2024-07-29T11:34:54Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2024_GeoSpatialInfo_Buri.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","checksum":"afbfc4e9f1bf2a00711efc30ad667c40","date_created":"2024-07-29T11:34:54Z","file_size":15678450,"relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_id":"17342"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1009-5020"]},"oa":1,"day":"22","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        27","year":"2024","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the ESA and NRSCC Dragon 5 cooperation project “Cryosphere-hydrosphere interactions of the Asian water towers: using remote sensing to drive hyper-resolution ecohydrological modelling” [Grant no. 59199]. PB and FP acknowledge funding from the SNSF (High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia, HOPE)) [Grant no. 183633]. ESM, MK, SFu and FP acknowledge funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia, RAVEN) [Grant no. 772751]. LJ, CZ and MMe acknowledge the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) [grant no. 2019QZKK010308, no. 2019QZKK0206], the National Natural Science Foundation of China projects (Grant no. 42171039, no. 91737205), the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative [Grant no. 2020VTA0001], and the MOST High-Level Foreign Expert Program [Grant no. G2022055010L].","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication":"Geo-Spatial Information Science","date_published":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1080/10095020.2024.2330546","abstract":[{"text":"Mountains are important suppliers of freshwater to downstream areas, affecting large populations in particular in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Yet, the propagation of water from HMA headwaters to downstream areas is not fully understood, as interactions in the mountain water cycle between the cryo-, hydro- and biosphere remain elusive. We review the definition of blue and green water fluxes as liquid water that contributes to runoff at the outlet of the selected domain (blue) and water lost to the atmosphere through vapor fluxes, that is evaporation from water, ground, and interception plus transpiration (green) and propose to add the term white water to account for the (often neglected) evaporation and sublimation from snow and ice. We provide an assessment of models that can simulate the cryo-hydro-biosphere continuum and the interactions between spheres in high mountain catchments, going beyond disciplinary separations. Land surface models are uniquely able to account for such complexity, since they solve the coupled fluxes of water, energy, and carbon between the land surface and atmosphere. Due to the mechanistic nature of such models, specific variables can be compared systematically to independent remote sensing observations – providing vital insights into model accuracy and enabling the understanding of the complex watersheds of HMA. We discuss recent developments in spaceborne earth observation products that have the potential to support catchment modeling in high mountain regions. We then present a pilot study application of the mechanistic land surface model Tethys & Chloris to a glacierized watershed in the Nepalese Himalayas and discuss the use of high-resolution earth observation data to constrain the meteorological forcing uncertainty and validate model results. We use these insights to highlight the remaining challenges and future opportunities that remote sensing data presents for land surface modeling in HMA.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2024-04-07T22:00:56Z","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":27,"ddc":["550"]},{"author":[{"last_name":"van Tiel","first_name":"Marit","full_name":"van Tiel, Marit"},{"last_name":"Aubry-Wake","first_name":"Caroline","full_name":"Aubry-Wake, Caroline"},{"last_name":"Somers","first_name":"Lauren","full_name":"Somers, Lauren"},{"first_name":"Christoff","full_name":"Andermann, Christoff","last_name":"Andermann"},{"last_name":"Avanzi","first_name":"Francesco","full_name":"Avanzi, Francesco"},{"last_name":"Baraer","first_name":"Michel","full_name":"Baraer, Michel"},{"full_name":"Chiogna, Gabriele","first_name":"Gabriele","last_name":"Chiogna"},{"first_name":"Clémence","full_name":"Daigre, Clémence","last_name":"Daigre"},{"first_name":"Soumik","full_name":"Das, Soumik","last_name":"Das"},{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Drenkhan, Fabian","last_name":"Drenkhan"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Farinotti, Daniel","last_name":"Farinotti"},{"id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228","last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise"},{"last_name":"de Graaf","full_name":"de Graaf, Inge","first_name":"Inge"},{"full_name":"Hanus, Sarah","first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Hanus"},{"last_name":"Immerzeel","first_name":"Walter","full_name":"Immerzeel, Walter"},{"last_name":"Koch","first_name":"Franziska","full_name":"Koch, Franziska"},{"last_name":"McKenzie","first_name":"Jeffrey M.","full_name":"McKenzie, Jeffrey M."},{"last_name":"Müller","first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Müller, Tom"},{"full_name":"Popp, Andrea L.","first_name":"Andrea L.","last_name":"Popp"},{"last_name":"Saidaliyeva","full_name":"Saidaliyeva, Zarina","first_name":"Zarina"},{"full_name":"Schaefli, Bettina","first_name":"Bettina","last_name":"Schaefli"},{"last_name":"Schilling","full_name":"Schilling, Oliver S.","first_name":"Oliver S."},{"last_name":"Teagai","first_name":"Kapiolani","full_name":"Teagai, Kapiolani"},{"full_name":"Thornton, James M.","first_name":"James M.","last_name":"Thornton"},{"first_name":"Vadim","full_name":"Yapiyev, Vadim","last_name":"Yapiyev"}],"scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001390137500016"]},"publication_status":"published","OA_type":"green","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"19","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2731-6084"]},"OA_place":"repository","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"The mountain cryosphere and groundwater play pivotal roles in shaping the hydrological cycle, yet their connectivity remains incompletely understood. Current knowledge on meltwater recharge and consequent groundwater discharge processes is better developed for snow–groundwater connectivity than for glacier–groundwater connectivity. Estimates of meltwater recharge vary considerably, which is probably a function of not only inherent catchment characteristics but also of the different spatio-temporal scales involved and the uncertainties in the methods used. This hinders a comprehensive understanding of the mountain water cycle. As glaciers retreat, permafrost thaws and snowpack diminishes, the relative importance of mountain groundwater is expected to increase. However, shifting and declining recharge from the cryosphere may decrease absolute groundwater amounts and fluxes with as-yet unknown effects on catchment-scale hydrological processes. We therefore stress the need to better quantify mountain cryosphere–groundwater connectivity to predict climate change impacts on mountain water supply and to support sustainable water resource management of downstream socio-ecological systems.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","publication":"Nature Water","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) for sponsoring the workshop ‘Cryosphere-groundwater Interactions: A Missing Link in Mountain Water Research’ via their funding from the Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT) under project no. FNW0004 004-2019-00. M.v.T. was supported by a Walter Benjamin fellowship from the German Research Foundation (DFG) under project no. 510684314. C.A.-W. was supported by the Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships programme, administered by the government of Canada. G.C. acknowledges the support of the DFG research unit (FOR2793/2) investigating the ‘Sensitivity of High Alpine Geosystems to Climate Change since 1850’ (SEHAG) under grant CH981/3-2. F.D. acknowledges funding from the Dirección de Fomento de la Investigación at PUCP. I.d.G. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement GROW-101041110. V.Y. was supported by Nazarbayev University under CRP research grant no. 021220CRP2122. We thank D. Masovic of VAW, ETH Zurich, for drawing Fig. 1.","intvolume":"         2","year":"2024","volume":2,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_created":"2024-07-22T09:46:52Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-04674297"}],"page":"624-637","date_updated":"2025-12-02T13:42:28Z","citation":{"apa":"van Tiel, M., Aubry-Wake, C., Somers, L., Andermann, C., Avanzi, F., Baraer, M., … Yapiyev, V. (2024). Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle. <i>Nature Water</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8</a>","ieee":"M. van Tiel <i>et al.</i>, “Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle,” <i>Nature Water</i>, vol. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 624–637, 2024.","short":"M. van Tiel, C. Aubry-Wake, L. Somers, C. Andermann, F. Avanzi, M. Baraer, G. Chiogna, C. Daigre, S. Das, F. Drenkhan, D. Farinotti, C.L. Fyffe, I. de Graaf, S. Hanus, W. Immerzeel, F. Koch, J.M. McKenzie, T. Müller, A.L. Popp, Z. Saidaliyeva, B. Schaefli, O.S. Schilling, K. Teagai, J.M. Thornton, V. Yapiyev, Nature Water 2 (2024) 624–637.","ista":"van Tiel M, Aubry-Wake C, Somers L, Andermann C, Avanzi F, Baraer M, Chiogna G, Daigre C, Das S, Drenkhan F, Farinotti D, Fyffe CL, de Graaf I, Hanus S, Immerzeel W, Koch F, McKenzie JM, Müller T, Popp AL, Saidaliyeva Z, Schaefli B, Schilling OS, Teagai K, Thornton JM, Yapiyev V. 2024. Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle. Nature Water. 2, 624–637.","chicago":"Tiel, Marit van, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Lauren Somers, Christoff Andermann, Francesco Avanzi, Michel Baraer, Gabriele Chiogna, et al. “Cryosphere–Groundwater Connectivity Is a Missing Link in the Mountain Water Cycle.” <i>Nature Water</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8</a>.","mla":"van Tiel, Marit, et al. “Cryosphere–Groundwater Connectivity Is a Missing Link in the Mountain Water Cycle.” <i>Nature Water</i>, vol. 2, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 624–37, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8\">10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8</a>.","ama":"van Tiel M, Aubry-Wake C, Somers L, et al. Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle. <i>Nature Water</i>. 2024;2:624-637. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8\">10.1038/s44221-024-00277-8</a>"},"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"17302","isi":1,"month":"07","type":"journal_article","status":"public","title":"Cryosphere–groundwater connectivity is a missing link in the mountain water cycle","publisher":"Springer Nature"},{"department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"14494","status":"public"}]},"quality_controlled":"1","month":"10","type":"journal_article","status":"public","title":"Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment","publisher":"Wiley","_id":"14487","isi":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"date_updated":"2025-09-09T13:15:40Z","citation":{"ista":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, Miles ES, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fugger S, Ren S, Kneib M, Jouberton A, Steiner J, Fujita K, Pellicciotti F. 2023. Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. Water Resources Research. 59(10), e2022WR033841.","short":"P. Buri, S. Fatichi, T. Shaw, E.S. Miles, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fugger, S. Ren, M. Kneib, A. Jouberton, J. Steiner, K. Fujita, F. Pellicciotti, Water Resources Research 59 (2023).","ieee":"P. Buri <i>et al.</i>, “Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment,” <i>Water Resources Research</i>, vol. 59, no. 10. Wiley, 2023.","apa":"Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M., Fyffe, C. L., … Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841</a>","ama":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, et al. Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>. 2023;59(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">10.1029/2022WR033841</a>","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. “Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High-Elevation Catchment.” <i>Water Resources Research</i>, vol. 59, no. 10, e2022WR033841, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">10.1029/2022WR033841</a>.","chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Simone Fatichi, Thomas Shaw, Evan S. Miles, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Stefan Fugger, et al. “Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High-Elevation Catchment.” <i>Water Resources Research</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","issue":"10","article_type":"original","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the JSPS-SNSF (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Swiss National Science Foundation) Bilateral Programmes project (HOPE, High-ele-vation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; Grant 183633), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (RAVEN, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia; Grant 772751). We want to thank in particular T. Gurung, S. Joshi, J. Shea, W. Immerzeel, and others involved, as well as ICIMOD, for their efforts over the past years in observing the meteorology of the Langtang catchment, collecting and organizing the data and making them publicly available. We also thank the National Geographic Society (Grant NGS-61784R-19) and the Mount Everest Foundation (reference 19-24) for providing fieldwork funding for C. L. Fyffe. We thank T. Kramer for help with the WSL Hyperion cluster. We are grate-ful for comments by three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, who greatly helped to improve the manuscript further. Open access funding provided by ETH-Bereich Forschungsanstalten.","year":"2023","intvolume":"        59","abstract":[{"text":"High Mountain Asia (HMA) is among the most vulnerable water towers globally and yet future projections of water availability in and from its high-mountain catchments remain uncertain, as their hydrologic response to ongoing environmental changes is complex. Mechanistic modeling approaches incorporating cryospheric, hydrological, and vegetation processes in high spatial, temporal, and physical detail have never been applied for high-elevation catchments of HMA. We use a land surface model at high spatial and temporal resolution (100 m and hourly) to simulate the coupled dynamics of energy, water, and vegetation for the 350 km2 Langtang catchment (Nepal). We compare our model outputs for one hydrological year against a large set of observations to gain insight into the partitioning of the water balance at the subseasonal scale and across elevation bands. During the simulated hydrological year, we find that evapotranspiration is a key component of the total water balance, as it causes about the equivalent of 20% of all the available precipitation or 154% of the water production from glacier melt in the basin to return directly to the atmosphere. The depletion of the cryospheric water budget is dominated by snow melt, but at high elevations is primarily dictated by snow and ice sublimation. Snow sublimation is the dominant vapor flux (49%) at the catchment scale, accounting for the equivalent of 11% of snowfall, 17% of snowmelt, and 75% of ice melt, respectively. We conclude that simulations should consider sublimation and other evaporative fluxes explicitly, as otherwise water balance estimates can be ill-quantified.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1029/2022WR033841","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_published":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","publication":"Water Resources Research","date_created":"2023-11-05T23:00:53Z","ddc":["550"],"article_number":"e2022WR033841","volume":59,"oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal","last_name":"Buri"},{"last_name":"Fatichi","first_name":"Simone","full_name":"Fatichi, Simone"},{"last_name":"Shaw","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152"},{"full_name":"Miles, Evan S.","first_name":"Evan S.","last_name":"Miles"},{"last_name":"Mccarthy","full_name":"Mccarthy, Michael","first_name":"Michael","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f"},{"last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise","id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228"},{"last_name":"Fugger","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Ren, Shaoting","first_name":"Shaoting","last_name":"Ren"},{"first_name":"Marin","full_name":"Kneib, Marin","last_name":"Kneib"},{"last_name":"Jouberton","full_name":"Jouberton, Achille","first_name":"Achille"},{"last_name":"Steiner","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob","first_name":"Jakob"},{"full_name":"Fujita, Koji","first_name":"Koji","last_name":"Fujita"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotti","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca","first_name":"Francesca","id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087"}],"scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001091989600005"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","file":[{"success":1,"file_id":"14495","file_size":5554901,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","checksum":"7ba9c87228dc09029b16bc800a0ef1a1","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-11-07T08:10:44Z","file_name":"2023_WaterResourcesResearch_Buri.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"day":"25","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0043-1397"],"eissn":["1944-7973"]},"oa":1},{"publisher":"Zenodo","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://10.5281/ZENODO.8402426","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Model output data to \"Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment\"","date_created":"2023-11-07T08:01:39Z","status":"public","month":"10","type":"research_data_reference","oa_version":"Published Version","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","short":"CC0 (1.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_0.png"},"ddc":["550"],"_id":"14494","year":"2023","date_published":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.8402426","abstract":[{"text":"We provide i) gridded initial conditions (.tif), ii) modeled gridded monthly outputs (.tif), and iii) modeled hourly outputs at the station locations (.txt) for the hydrological year 2019. Information about the variables and units can be found in the figures (.png) associated to each dataset. Details about the datasets can be found in the original publication by Buri and others (2023).\r\n\r\nBuri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Fyffe, C. L., ... & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment. Water Resources Research, 59(10), e2022WR033841. DOI: 10.1029/2022WR033841","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication","id":"14487"}]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"day":"03","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ista":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, Miles E, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fugger S, Ren S, Kneib M, Jouberton A, Steiner J, Fujita K, Pellicciotti F. 2023. Model output data to ‘Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment’, Zenodo, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426\">10.5281/ZENODO.8402426</a>.","short":"P. Buri, S. Fatichi, T. Shaw, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fugger, S. Ren, M. Kneib, A. Jouberton, J. Steiner, K. Fujita, F. Pellicciotti, (2023).","ieee":"P. Buri <i>et al.</i>, “Model output data to ‘Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment.’” Zenodo, 2023.","apa":"Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Fyffe, C. L., … Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Model output data to “Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment.” Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426</a>","mla":"Buri, Pascal, et al. <i>Model Output Data to “Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High Elevation Catchment.”</i> Zenodo, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426\">10.5281/ZENODO.8402426</a>.","ama":"Buri P, Fatichi S, Shaw T, et al. Model output data to “Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment.” 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426\">10.5281/ZENODO.8402426</a>","chicago":"Buri, Pascal, Simone Fatichi, Thomas Shaw, Evan  Miles, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, Stefan Fugger, et al. “Model Output Data to ‘Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High Elevation Catchment.’” Zenodo, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8402426</a>."},"date_updated":"2025-09-09T13:15:39Z","author":[{"first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Buri, Pascal","last_name":"Buri"},{"full_name":"Fatichi, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Fatichi"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas","last_name":"Shaw"},{"last_name":"Miles","full_name":"Miles, Evan ","first_name":"Evan "},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"McCarthy, Michael","last_name":"McCarthy","id":"22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f"},{"id":"001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228","last_name":"Fyffe","first_name":"Catriona Louise","full_name":"Fyffe, Catriona Louise"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Fugger, Stefan","last_name":"Fugger"},{"last_name":"Ren","first_name":"Shaoting","full_name":"Ren, Shaoting"},{"last_name":"Kneib","first_name":"Marin","full_name":"Kneib, Marin"},{"full_name":"Jouberton, Achille","first_name":"Achille","last_name":"Jouberton"},{"last_name":"Steiner","first_name":"Jakob","full_name":"Steiner, Jakob"},{"full_name":"Fujita, Koji","first_name":"Koji","last_name":"Fujita"},{"id":"b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-8087","last_name":"Pellicciotti","first_name":"Francesca","full_name":"Pellicciotti, Francesca"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}]