[{"ddc":["530"],"month":"08","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p","PlanS_conform":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","_id":"22642","date_created":"2026-08-04T05:58:23Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:07:20Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"dataavailabilitystatement":"There are no publicly available research data or software\r\nsupporting this manuscript. Requests for further information\r\nor data should be sent to the authors.","title":"Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity","intvolume":"       114","day":"03","status":"public","article_type":"original","article_number":"023302","quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors. Here, we demonstrate continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole trap, realizing this regime. The key ingredient is a light-shift manipulation that creates spatially varying cooling parameters, enabling efficient capture and accumulation of atoms within a cavity mode. Demonstrated with rubidium atoms, a continuous flux from a source cell is funneled through the magneto-optical trap into the cavity mode, where the atoms are cooled and maintained below 10µK in steady state without time-sequenced operation. We characterize the resulting continuously maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity field, establishing a route toward continuously operated cavity-QED systems and long-duration atomic and hybrid quantum sensors."}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","file":[{"checksum":"fdecc394b734b56e1b3b151a816bbe14","file_id":"22643","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewA_Gheorghita.pdf","file_size":959463,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1}],"date_published":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2512.14528"]},"das_tickbox":"1","publication":"Physical Review A","project":[{"name":"A quantum hybrid of atoms and milligram-scale pendulums: towards gravitational quantum mechanics","grant_number":"101087907","_id":"bdb2a702-d553-11ed-ba76-f12e3e5a3bc6"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926"],"eissn":["2469-9934"]},"issue":"2","author":[{"full_name":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright","first_name":"Edward-Fulbright","id":"e664a051-133f-11ed-8f02-a05999ad0822","last_name":"Gheorghita"},{"full_name":"Wald, Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Wald","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Pupić","id":"ef9c50a4-5335-11ef-8b9b-8ce03e6380ed","full_name":"Pupić, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Hosten, Onur","first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Hosten","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X"}],"doi":"10.1103/71f2-sq4p","year":"2026","OA_place":"publisher","corr_author":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","citation":{"ama":"Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;114(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>","ieee":"E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, and O. Hosten, “Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2026.","ista":"Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. 2026. Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. Physical Review A. 114(2), 023302.","mla":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, et al. “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2, 023302, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>.","short":"E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, O. Hosten, Physical Review A 114 (2026).","apa":"Gheorghita, E.-F., Wald, S., Pupić, A., &#38; Hosten, O. (2026). Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>","chicago":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, Sebastian Wald, Andrea Pupić, and Onur Hosten. “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>."},"volume":114,"OA_type":"hybrid","researchdata_availability":"upon request","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Vyacheslav Li for his earlier contributions to the development of the setup utilized in this work.\r\nThis work was supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA); E.G. was supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 101087907 (ERC CoG\r\nQuHAMP).","department":[{"_id":"OnHo"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published"},{"citation":{"chicago":"Abdalla, Adam, Mahiro Abe, Sven Abend, Mouine Abidi, Monika Aidelsburger, Ashkan Alibabaei, Baptiste Allard, et al. “Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the Second Workshop.” <i>EPJ Quantum Technology</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3\">https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3</a>.","apa":"Abdalla, A., Abe, M., Abend, S., Abidi, M., Aidelsburger, M., Alibabaei, A., … Zupanič, E. (2025). Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the second workshop. <i>EPJ Quantum Technology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3\">https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3</a>","short":"A. Abdalla, M. Abe, S. Abend, M. Abidi, M. Aidelsburger, A. Alibabaei, B. Allard, J. Antoniadis, G. Arduini, N. Augst, P. Balamatsias, A. Balaž, H. Banks, R.L. Barcklay, M. Barone, M. Barsanti, M.G. Bason, A. Bassi, J.B. Bayle, C.F.A. Baynham, Q. Beaufils, S. Beldjoudi, A. Belić, S. Bennetts, J. Bernabeu, A. Bertoldi, C. Bigard, N.P. Bigelow, R. Bingham, D. Blas, A. Bobrick, S. Boehringer, A. Bogojević, K. Bongs, D. Bortoletto, P. Bouyer, C. Brand, O. Buchmueller, G. Buica, S. Calatroni, L. Calmels, P. Canizares, B. Canuel, A. Caramete, L.I. Caramete, M. Carlesso, J. Carlton, S.P. Carman, A. Carroll, M. Casariego, M. Chairetis, V. Charmandaris, U. Chauhan, J. Chen, M.L.M.L.M. Chiofalo, D. Ciampini, A. Cimbri, P. Cladé, J. Coleman, F.L. Constantin, C.R. Contaldi, R. Corgier, B. Dash, G.J. Davies, C. De Rham, A. De Roeck, D. Derr, S. Dey, F. Di Pumpo, G.S. Djordjevic, B. Döbrich, P. Dornan, M. Doser, G. Drougakis, J. Dunningham, A. Duspayev, S. Easo, J. Eby, M. Efremov, G. Elertas, J. Ellis, N. Entin, S. Fairhurst, M. Fanì, F. Fassi, P. Fayet, D. Felea, J. Feng, R. Flack, C. Foot, T. Freegarde, E. Fuchs, N. Gaaloul, D. Gao, S. Gardner, B.M. Garraway, C.L. Garrido Alzar, A. Gauguet, E. Giese, P. Gill, G.F. Giudice, E.P. Glasbrenner, J. Glick, P.W. Graham, E. Granados, P.F. Griffin, J. Gué, S. Guellati-Khelifa, S. Gupta, V. Gupta, L. Hackermueller, M. Haehnelt, T. Hakulinen, K. Hammerer, E.T. Hanımeli, T. Harte, S. Hartmann, L. Hawkins, A. Hees, A. Herbst, T.M. Hird, R. Hobson, J. Hogan, B. Holst, M. Holynski, O. Hosten, C.C. Hsu, W.C.W. Huang, K.M. Hughes, K. Hussain, G. Hütsi, A. Iovino, M.C. Isfan, G. Janson, P. Jeglič, P. Jetzer, Y. Jiang, G. Juzeliūnas, W. Kaenders, M. Kalliokoski, A. Kehagias, E. Kilian, C. Klempt, P. Knight, S. Koley, B. Konrad, T. Kovachy, M. Krutzik, M. Kumar, P. Kumar, H. Labiad, S.Y. Lan, A. Landragin, G. Landsberg, M. Langlois, B. Lanigan, B. Leone, C. Le Poncin-Lafitte, S. Lellouch, M. Lewicki, Y.H. Lien, L. Lombriser, E.L. Asamar, J.L. Lopez-Gonzalez, C. Lu, G.G. Luciano, N. Lundblad, C. De J. López Monjaraz, A. Lowe, M. Mackoit-Sinkevičienė, M. Maggiore, A. Majumdar, K. Makris, A. Maleknejad, A.L. Marchant, A. Mariotti, C. Markou, B. Matthews, A. Mazumdar, C. Mccabe, M. Meister, G. Mentasti, J. Menu, G. Messineo, B. Meyer-Hoppe, S. Micalizio, F. Migliaccio, P. Millington, M. Milosevic, A. Mishra, J. Mitchell, G.W. Morley, N. Mouelle, J. Müller, D. Newbold, W.T. Ni, C. Niehof, J. Noller, S. Odžak, D.K.L. Oi, A. Oikonomou, Y. Omar, C. Overstreet, V. Puthiya Veettil, J. Pahl, S. Paling, Z. Pan, G. Pappas, V. Pareek, E. Pasatembou, M. Paternostro, V.K. Pathak, E. Pelucchi, F. Pereira Dos Santos, A. Peters, A. Pichery, I. Pikovski, A. Pilaftsis, F.C. Pislan, R. Plunkett, R. Poggiani, M. Prevedelli, J. Rafelski, J. Raidal, M. Raidal, E.M. Rasel, S. Renaux-Petel, A. Richaud, P. Rivero-Antunez, T. Rodzinka, A. Roura, J. Rudolph, D. Sabulsky, M.S. Safronova, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salvi, M. Sameed, S. Sarkar, P. Schach, S.A. Schäffer, J. Schelfhout, M. Schilling, V. Schkolnik, W.P. Schleich, D. Schlippert, U. Schneider, F. Schreck, A. Schwartzman, N. Schwersenz, O. Sergijenko, H.R. Sfar, L. Shao, I. Shipsey, J. Shu, Y. Singh, C.F. Sopuerta, M. Sorba, F. Sorrentino, A.D.A.M. Spallicci, P. Stefanescu, N. Stergioulas, D. Stoerk, H. Thaivalappil Sunilkumar, J. Ströhle, Z. Tam, D. Tandon, Y. Tang, D. Tell, J. Tempere, D.J. Temples, R.P. Thampy, I.C. Tietje, G.M. Tino, J.N. Tinsley, O. Tintareanu Mircea, K. Tkalčec, A.J. Tolley, V. Tornatore, A. Torres-Orjuela, P. Treutlein, A. Trombettoni, C. Ufrecht, J. Urrutia, T. Valenzuela, L.R. Valerio, M. Van Der Grinten, V. Vaskonen, V. Vázquez-Aceves, H. Veermäe, F. Vetrano, N.V. Vitanov, W. Von Klitzing, S. Wald, T. Walker, R. Walser, J. Wang, Y. Wang, C.A. Weidner, A. Wenzlawski, M. Werner, L. Wörner, M.E. Yahia, E. Yazgan, E. Zambrini Cruzeiro, M. Zarei, M. Zhan, S. Zhang, L. Zhou, E. Zupanič, EPJ Quantum Technology 12 (2025).","mla":"Abdalla, Adam, et al. “Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the Second Workshop.” <i>EPJ Quantum Technology</i>, vol. 12, 42, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3\">10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3</a>.","ista":"Abdalla A et al. 2025. Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the second workshop. EPJ Quantum Technology. 12, 42.","ieee":"A. Abdalla <i>et al.</i>, “Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the second workshop,” <i>EPJ Quantum Technology</i>, vol. 12. Springer Nature, 2025.","ama":"Abdalla A, Abe M, Abend S, et al. Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the second workshop. <i>EPJ Quantum Technology</i>. 2025;12. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3\">10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3</a>"},"volume":12,"file_date_updated":"2025-05-05T10:52:52Z","year":"2025","OA_place":"publisher","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00344-3","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","department":[{"_id":"OnHo"}],"scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","OA_type":"gold","researchdata_availability":"no","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge the support of the CERN Physics Beyond Collider activity, the CERN Quantum Technology Initiative, the Long Range Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for the Navy and Marine Corps Science and Technology programme, Hannover Leibniz University, and the Physics Department at Imperial College London, whose contributions were instrumental in supporting the workshop that laid the foundation for this paper.\r\nThe workshop was partially funded by contributions from the Long Range Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for the Navy and Marine Corps Science and Technology programme, Hannover Leibniz University, and the Physics Department at Imperial College London.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2196-0763"]},"external_id":{"isi":["001489653300001"],"arxiv":["2412.14960"]},"das_tickbox":"1","publication":"EPJ Quantum Technology","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-05-05T10:52:52Z","date_created":"2025-05-05T10:52:52Z","file_name":"2025_EPJQuantumTech_Abdalla.pdf","checksum":"00c7a97d87f7a6314df5b0c2213fbb02","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"19653","relation":"main_file","file_size":14352192,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1}],"date_published":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry (TVLBAI) Workshop provides a comprehensive overview of our meeting held in London in April 2024 (Second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, Imperial College, April 2024), building on the initial discussions during the inaugural workshop held at CERN in March 2023 (First Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, CERN, March 2023). Like the summary of the first workshop (Abend et al. in AVS Quantum Sci. 6:024701, 2024), this document records a critical milestone for the international atom interferometry community. It documents our concerted efforts to evaluate progress, address emerging challenges, and refine strategic directions for future large-scale atom interferometry projects. Our commitment to collaboration is manifested by the integration of diverse expertise and the coordination of international resources, all aimed at advancing the frontiers of atom interferometry physics and technology, as set out in a Memorandum of Understanding signed by over 50 institutions (Memorandum of Understanding for the Terrestrial Very Long Baseline Atom Interferometer Study).","lang":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","DOAJ_listed":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Abdalla, Adam","last_name":"Abdalla","first_name":"Adam"},{"full_name":"Abe, Mahiro","first_name":"Mahiro","last_name":"Abe"},{"full_name":"Abend, Sven","first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Abend"},{"full_name":"Abidi, Mouine","first_name":"Mouine","last_name":"Abidi"},{"full_name":"Aidelsburger, Monika","first_name":"Monika","last_name":"Aidelsburger"},{"last_name":"Alibabaei","first_name":"Ashkan","full_name":"Alibabaei, Ashkan"},{"last_name":"Allard","first_name":"Baptiste","full_name":"Allard, Baptiste"},{"full_name":"Antoniadis, John","last_name":"Antoniadis","first_name":"John"},{"full_name":"Arduini, Gianluigi","first_name":"Gianluigi","last_name":"Arduini"},{"last_name":"Augst","first_name":"Nadja","full_name":"Augst, Nadja"},{"first_name":"Philippos","last_name":"Balamatsias","full_name":"Balamatsias, Philippos"},{"last_name":"Balaž","first_name":"Antun","full_name":"Balaž, Antun"},{"full_name":"Banks, Hannah","first_name":"Hannah","last_name":"Banks"},{"last_name":"Barcklay","first_name":"Rachel L.","full_name":"Barcklay, Rachel L."},{"full_name":"Barone, Michele","last_name":"Barone","first_name":"Michele"},{"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Barsanti","full_name":"Barsanti, Michele"},{"full_name":"Bason, Mark G.","first_name":"Mark G.","last_name":"Bason"},{"full_name":"Bassi, Angelo","first_name":"Angelo","last_name":"Bassi"},{"full_name":"Bayle, Jean Baptiste","first_name":"Jean Baptiste","last_name":"Bayle"},{"last_name":"Baynham","first_name":"Charles F.A.","full_name":"Baynham, Charles F.A."},{"full_name":"Beaufils, Quentin","last_name":"Beaufils","first_name":"Quentin"},{"first_name":"Sélyan","last_name":"Beldjoudi","full_name":"Beldjoudi, Sélyan"},{"full_name":"Belić, Aleksandar","last_name":"Belić","first_name":"Aleksandar"},{"full_name":"Bennetts, Shayne","last_name":"Bennetts","first_name":"Shayne"},{"first_name":"Jose","last_name":"Bernabeu","full_name":"Bernabeu, Jose"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Bertoldi","full_name":"Bertoldi, Andrea"},{"first_name":"Clara","last_name":"Bigard","full_name":"Bigard, Clara"},{"full_name":"Bigelow, N. P.","last_name":"Bigelow","first_name":"N. P."},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Bingham","full_name":"Bingham, Robert"},{"last_name":"Blas","first_name":"Diego","full_name":"Blas, Diego"},{"last_name":"Bobrick","first_name":"Alexey","full_name":"Bobrick, Alexey"},{"last_name":"Boehringer","first_name":"Samuel","full_name":"Boehringer, Samuel"},{"full_name":"Bogojević, Aleksandar","last_name":"Bogojević","first_name":"Aleksandar"},{"full_name":"Bongs, Kai","last_name":"Bongs","first_name":"Kai"},{"first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Bortoletto","full_name":"Bortoletto, Daniela"},{"full_name":"Bouyer, Philippe","first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Bouyer"},{"full_name":"Brand, Christian","last_name":"Brand","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Buchmueller","full_name":"Buchmueller, Oliver"},{"full_name":"Buica, Gabriela","first_name":"Gabriela","last_name":"Buica"},{"last_name":"Calatroni","first_name":"Sergio","full_name":"Calatroni, Sergio"},{"first_name":"Léo","last_name":"Calmels","full_name":"Calmels, Léo"},{"first_name":"Priscilla","last_name":"Canizares","full_name":"Canizares, Priscilla"},{"full_name":"Canuel, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Canuel"},{"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Caramete","full_name":"Caramete, Ana"},{"last_name":"Caramete","first_name":"Laurentiu Ioan","full_name":"Caramete, Laurentiu Ioan"},{"full_name":"Carlesso, Matteo","last_name":"Carlesso","first_name":"Matteo"},{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Carlton","full_name":"Carlton, John"},{"full_name":"Carman, Samuel P.","last_name":"Carman","first_name":"Samuel P."},{"last_name":"Carroll","first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"Carroll, Andrew"},{"first_name":"Mateo","last_name":"Casariego","full_name":"Casariego, Mateo"},{"last_name":"Chairetis","first_name":"Minoas","full_name":"Chairetis, Minoas"},{"full_name":"Charmandaris, Vassilis","last_name":"Charmandaris","first_name":"Vassilis"},{"last_name":"Chauhan","first_name":"Upasna","full_name":"Chauhan, Upasna"},{"first_name":"Jiajun","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Jiajun"},{"first_name":"Maria Luisa Maria Luisa Marilù","last_name":"Chiofalo","full_name":"Chiofalo, Maria Luisa Maria Luisa Marilù"},{"first_name":"Donatella","last_name":"Ciampini","full_name":"Ciampini, Donatella"},{"first_name":"Alessia","last_name":"Cimbri","full_name":"Cimbri, Alessia"},{"last_name":"Cladé","first_name":"Pierre","full_name":"Cladé, Pierre"},{"full_name":"Coleman, Jonathon","last_name":"Coleman","first_name":"Jonathon"},{"first_name":"Florin Lucian","last_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Constantin, Florin Lucian"},{"full_name":"Contaldi, Carlo R.","first_name":"Carlo R.","last_name":"Contaldi"},{"full_name":"Corgier, Robin","last_name":"Corgier","first_name":"Robin"},{"first_name":"Bineet","last_name":"Dash","full_name":"Dash, Bineet"},{"full_name":"Davies, G. J.","first_name":"G. J.","last_name":"Davies"},{"last_name":"De Rham","first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"De Rham, Claudia"},{"last_name":"De Roeck","first_name":"Albert","full_name":"De Roeck, Albert"},{"full_name":"Derr, Daniel","last_name":"Derr","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Dey, Soumyodeep","last_name":"Dey","first_name":"Soumyodeep"},{"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"Di Pumpo","full_name":"Di Pumpo, Fabio"},{"first_name":"Goran S.","last_name":"Djordjevic","full_name":"Djordjevic, Goran S."},{"last_name":"Döbrich","first_name":"Babette","full_name":"Döbrich, Babette"},{"full_name":"Dornan, Peter","last_name":"Dornan","first_name":"Peter"},{"full_name":"Doser, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Doser"},{"last_name":"Drougakis","first_name":"Giannis","full_name":"Drougakis, Giannis"},{"full_name":"Dunningham, Jacob","last_name":"Dunningham","first_name":"Jacob"},{"full_name":"Duspayev, Alisher","first_name":"Alisher","last_name":"Duspayev"},{"full_name":"Easo, 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Wald, “Atoms in a propagating-wave cavity for squeezed Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ista":"Wald S. 2025. Atoms in a propagating-wave cavity for squeezed Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Wald S. Atoms in a propagating-wave cavity for squeezed Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798</a>","chicago":"Wald, Sebastian. “Atoms in a Propagating-Wave Cavity for Squeezed Mach-Zehnder Atom Interferometry.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798</a>.","apa":"Wald, S. (2025). <i>Atoms in a propagating-wave cavity for squeezed Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798</a>","mla":"Wald, Sebastian. <i>Atoms in a Propagating-Wave Cavity for Squeezed Mach-Zehnder Atom Interferometry</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798</a>.","short":"S. Wald, Atoms in a Propagating-Wave Cavity for Squeezed Mach-Zehnder Atom Interferometry, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025."},"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","last_name":"Hosten","first_name":"Onur","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hosten, Onur"}],"OA_place":"publisher","year":"2025","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20798","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","type":"dissertation","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"OnHo"}],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"das_tickbox":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-075-6"]},"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","abstract":[{"text":"Atom interferometers measure the relative phase shifts between coherent matter-wave paths\r\nthat arise from interactions with external fields or inertial forces. Due to their exceptional\r\nphase sensitivity, atom interferometers became an essential tool for precision measurements\r\nand fundamental physics experiments, finding applications in geodesy, gravimetry, and inertial\r\nnavigation. However, their measurement precision is limited by quantum projection noise,\r\nwhich arises from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, preventing the measurement of atomic\r\nstates with absolute precision. The generation of entanglement between the atoms offers a\r\npath to surpass this so-called standard quantum limit, thereby enhancing the interferometer’s\r\nphase sensitivity beyond classical measurement bounds.\r\nThis thesis reports on the development of an atom interferometer experiment designed to\r\nrealize cavity-mediated, squeezed Mach-Zehnder-type interferometry with ultra-cold 87Rb atoms.\r\nThe experiment combines cavity-aided spin-squeezing with cavity-mediated Mach-Zehnder\r\ninterferometry to demonstrate entanglement-enhanced phase sensitivity. The experiment is\r\ncentered on a triangular optical cavity that mediates all relevant atom-light interactions. The\r\ncavity provides optical trapping, spin-squeezing, and Raman beam-splitter operations, enabling\r\nto perform interferometry on a continuously trapped atomic ensemble.\r\nThe thesis elaborates on the fundamental theoretical framework, the cavity design, and the full\r\noptical setup, including the detailed configuration of the developed laser stabilization methods.\r\nExperimentally, continuous loading methods were explored, resulting in an accumulation of\r\nup to 4 × 106\r\natoms in the dipole trap within a cycle time of 500 ms. The AC Stark shift\r\ncompensation method developed for continuous loading was further applied for in-trap cooling\r\nto 10 µK, and optical pumping for efficient atomic state preparation. Coherent state control\r\nwas verified via observation of microwave-driven Rabi oscillations, and used to characterize\r\natom-cavity coupling.\r\nThese presented results establish the experimental groundwork for the future development of\r\ncavity-mediated, entanglement-enhanced Mach-Zehnder-type atom interferometry.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"20809","checksum":"1be72faf529a5e8a2d03cb3d5f808b77","file_name":"2025_Wald_Sebastian_Thesis.pdf","embargo":"2026-06-15","date_updated":"2026-06-15T22:30:03Z","date_created":"2025-12-12T11:53:42Z","creator":"swald","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":47536855},{"embargo_to":"open_access","file_size":40127601,"creator":"swald","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_updated":"2026-06-15T22:30:03Z","date_created":"2025-12-12T11:54:55Z","file_name":"2025_Wald_Sebastian_Thesis.zip","checksum":"8c3a1904dceb4bcd04bc9f14b2594bab","relation":"source_file","file_id":"20810","access_level":"closed"}],"doi_confirm":"1","page":"152","author":[{"last_name":"Wald","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425","first_name":"Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian"}]},{"day":"21","dataavailabilitystatement":"Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.","arxiv":1,"intvolume":"        48","title":"Monitoring and active stabilization of laser injection locking using beam ellipticity","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"14749","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553","month":"07","oa":1,"keyword":["Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics"],"supplementarymaterial":"no","date_updated":"2026-07-08T08:41:47Z","date_created":"2024-01-08T13:01:46Z","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","corr_author":"1","volume":48,"citation":{"ama":"Mishra U, Li V, Wald S, Agafonova S, Diorico FR, Hosten O. Monitoring and active stabilization of laser injection locking using beam ellipticity. <i>Optics Letters</i>. 2023;48(15):3973-3976. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553\">10.1364/ol.495553</a>","ieee":"U. Mishra, V. Li, S. Wald, S. Agafonova, F. R. Diorico, and O. Hosten, “Monitoring and active stabilization of laser injection locking using beam ellipticity,” <i>Optics Letters</i>, vol. 48, no. 15. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 3973–3976, 2023.","ista":"Mishra U, Li V, Wald S, Agafonova S, Diorico FR, Hosten O. 2023. Monitoring and active stabilization of laser injection locking using beam ellipticity. Optics Letters. 48(15), 3973–3976.","mla":"Mishra, Umang, et al. “Monitoring and Active Stabilization of Laser Injection Locking Using Beam Ellipticity.” <i>Optics Letters</i>, vol. 48, no. 15, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, pp. 3973–76, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553\">10.1364/ol.495553</a>.","short":"U. Mishra, V. Li, S. Wald, S. Agafonova, F.R. Diorico, O. Hosten, Optics Letters 48 (2023) 3973–3976.","apa":"Mishra, U., Li, V., Wald, S., Agafonova, S., Diorico, F. R., &#38; Hosten, O. (2023). Monitoring and active stabilization of laser injection locking using beam ellipticity. <i>Optics Letters</i>. Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553</a>","chicago":"Mishra, Umang, Vyacheslav Li, Sebastian Wald, Sofia Agafonova, Fritz R Diorico, and Onur Hosten. “Monitoring and Active Stabilization of Laser Injection Locking Using Beam Ellipticity.” <i>Optics Letters</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.495553</a>."},"year":"2023","doi":"10.1364/ol.495553","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"upon request","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"OnHo"}],"publication":"Optics Letters","external_id":{"arxiv":["2212.01266"],"isi":["001051044600008"]},"das_tickbox":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1539-4794"],"issn":["0146-9592"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We unveil a powerful method for the stabilization of laser injection locking based on sensing variations in the output beam ellipticity of an optically seeded laser. The effect arises due to an interference between the seeding beam and the injected laser output. We demonstrate the method for a commercial semiconductor laser without the need for any internal changes to the readily operational injection locked laser system that was used. The method can also be used to increase the mode-hop free tuning range of lasers, and has the potential to fill a void in the low-noise laser industry."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.01266","open_access":"1"}],"isi":1,"issue":"15","page":"3973-3976","author":[{"last_name":"Mishra","first_name":"Umang","id":"4328fa4c-f128-11eb-9611-c107b0fe4d51","full_name":"Mishra, Umang"},{"first_name":"Vyacheslav","last_name":"Li","id":"3A4FAA92-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Li, Vyacheslav"},{"last_name":"Wald","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425","first_name":"Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0582-2946","first_name":"Sofya","id":"09501ff6-dca7-11ea-a8ae-b3e0b9166e80","last_name":"Agafonova","full_name":"Agafonova, Sofya"},{"last_name":"Diorico","id":"2E054C4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Fritz R","orcid":"0000-0002-4947-8924","full_name":"Diorico, Fritz R"},{"full_name":"Hosten, Onur","first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Hosten","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X"}]},{"oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-18T22:30:35Z","date_created":"2024-01-08T13:19:14Z","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","supplementarymaterial":"yes","keyword":["Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Engineering (miscellaneous)","Electrical and Electronic Engineering"],"article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"14759","month":"01","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","day":"01","arxiv":1,"dataavailabilitystatement":"Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.","title":"Analog stabilization of an electro-optic I/Q modulator with an auxiliary modulation tone","intvolume":"        62","issue":"1","page":"1-7","isi":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425","last_name":"Wald","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4947-8924","id":"2E054C4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Diorico","first_name":"Fritz R","full_name":"Diorico, Fritz R"},{"full_name":"Hosten, Onur","first_name":"Onur","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hosten","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X"}],"das_tickbox":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000906607900001"],"arxiv":["2208.11591"]},"publication":"Applied Optics","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1559-128X"],"eissn":["2155-3165"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Proper operation of electro-optic I/Q modulators relies on precise adjustment and control of the relative phase biases between the modulator’s internal interferometer arms. We present an all-analog phase bias locking scheme where error signals are obtained from the beat between the optical carrier and optical tones generated by an auxiliary 2 MHz 𝑅𝐹 tone to lock the phases of all three involved interferometers for operation up to 10 GHz. With the developed method, we demonstrate an I/Q modulator in carrier-suppressed single-sideband mode, where the suppressed carrier and sideband are locked at optical power levels <−27dB\r\n relative to the transmitted sideband. We describe a simple analytical model for calculating the error signals and detail the implementation of the electronic circuitry for the implementation of the method."}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.11591"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"upon request","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"We thank Jakob Vorlaufer for technical contributions and Vyacheslav Li and Sofia Agafonova for comments on the manuscript.","department":[{"_id":"OnHo"}],"scopus_import":"1","corr_author":"1","citation":{"mla":"Wald, Sebastian, et al. “Analog Stabilization of an Electro-Optic I/Q Modulator with an Auxiliary Modulation Tone.” <i>Applied Optics</i>, vol. 62, no. 1, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, pp. 1–7, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118\">10.1364/ao.474118</a>.","short":"S. Wald, F.R. Diorico, O. Hosten, Applied Optics 62 (2023) 1–7.","chicago":"Wald, Sebastian, Fritz R Diorico, and Onur Hosten. “Analog Stabilization of an Electro-Optic I/Q Modulator with an Auxiliary Modulation Tone.” <i>Applied Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118</a>.","apa":"Wald, S., Diorico, F. R., &#38; Hosten, O. (2023). Analog stabilization of an electro-optic I/Q modulator with an auxiliary modulation tone. <i>Applied Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118</a>","ama":"Wald S, Diorico FR, Hosten O. Analog stabilization of an electro-optic I/Q modulator with an auxiliary modulation tone. <i>Applied Optics</i>. 2023;62(1):1-7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.474118\">10.1364/ao.474118</a>","ieee":"S. Wald, F. R. Diorico, and O. Hosten, “Analog stabilization of an electro-optic I/Q modulator with an auxiliary modulation tone,” <i>Applied Optics</i>, vol. 62, no. 1. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 1–7, 2023.","ista":"Wald S, Diorico FR, Hosten O. 2023. Analog stabilization of an electro-optic I/Q modulator with an auxiliary modulation tone. Applied Optics. 62(1), 1–7."},"volume":62,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20798","status":"public"}]},"doi":"10.1364/ao.474118","year":"2023"},{"ec_funded":1,"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_number":"082602","article_type":"original","intvolume":"         4","title":"Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging","arxiv":1,"day":"17","keyword":["electric charge","tribocharging","soft matter","granular materials","polymers"],"date_updated":"2025-04-23T08:51:12Z","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","date_created":"2020-07-07T11:33:54Z","oa":1,"publisher":"American Physical Society","month":"08","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602","ddc":["530"],"_id":"8101","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Philip Born, Bartosz Grzybowski, Tarik Baytekin, and Bilge Baytekin for helpful discussions.\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2020","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602","volume":4,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"12697","status":"public"}]},"citation":{"ista":"Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2020. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. Physical Review Materials. 4(8), 082602.","ieee":"G. M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging,” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 8. American Physical Society, 2020.","ama":"Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. 2020;4(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>","chicago":"Grosjean, Galien M, Sebastian Wald, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>.","apa":"Grosjean, G. M., Wald, S., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2020). Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>","short":"G.M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 4 (2020).","mla":"Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 8, 082602, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z","corr_author":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Grosjean","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","first_name":"Galien M","orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M"},{"last_name":"Wald","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian"},{"first_name":"Juan Carlos A","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"isi":1,"issue":"8","date_published":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"ggrosjea","success":1,"file_size":853753,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"8277","checksum":"288fef1eeb6540c6344bb8f7c8159dc9","file_name":"Grosjean2020.pdf","date_created":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z","date_updated":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature."}],"project":[{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2475-9953"]},"publication":"Physical Review Materials","external_id":{"isi":["000561897000001"],"arxiv":["2006.07120"]}}]