---
_id: '17325'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Bacterial ion fluxes are involved in the generation of energy, transport,
and motility. As such, bacterial electrophysiology is fundamentally important
for the bacterial life cycle, but it is often neglected and consequently, by and
large, not understood. Arguably, the two main reasons for this are the complexity
of measuring relevant variables in small cells with a cell envelope that contains
the cell wall and the fact that, in a unicellular organism, relevant variables
become intertwined in a nontrivial manner. To help give bacterial electrophysiology
studies a firm footing, in this review, we go back to basics. We look first at
the biophysics of bacterial membrane potential, and then at the approaches and
models developed mostly for the study of neurons and eukaryotic mitochondria.
We discuss their applicability to bacterial cells. Finally, we connect bacterial
membrane potential with other relevant (electro)physiological variables and summarize
methods that can be used to both measure and influence bacterial electrophysiology.
acknowledgement: We would like to thank all members of the Pilizota lab, as well as
Calin Guet, Orkun Soyer, Munehiro Asally, Peter Swain, and in particular Matt Scott
and Ariel Amir, for their support, comments, and useful discussions. T.P. and W.-C.L.
were supported by the Leverhulme Trust, grant RPG-2019-187, and T.P. is supported
by EPSRC Fellowship EP/V03264X/1. E.K. was supported by a European Molecular Biology
Organization Long-Term Postdoctoral Fellowship, ALTF 44-2021.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Wei Chang
full_name: Lo, Wei Chang
last_name: Lo
- first_name: Ekaterina
full_name: Krasnopeeva, Ekaterina
id: 1F1EE44A-BF83-11EA-B3C1-BB9CC619BF3A
last_name: Krasnopeeva
- first_name: Teuta
full_name: Pilizota, Teuta
last_name: Pilizota
citation:
ama: Lo WC, Krasnopeeva E, Pilizota T. Bacterial Electrophysiology. Annual Review
of Biophysics. 2024;53:487-510. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215
apa: Lo, W. C., Krasnopeeva, E., & Pilizota, T. (2024). Bacterial Electrophysiology.
Annual Review of Biophysics. Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215
chicago: Lo, Wei Chang, Ekaterina Krasnopeeva, and Teuta Pilizota. “Bacterial Electrophysiology.”
Annual Review of Biophysics. Annual Reviews, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215.
ieee: W. C. Lo, E. Krasnopeeva, and T. Pilizota, “Bacterial Electrophysiology,”
Annual Review of Biophysics, vol. 53. Annual Reviews, pp. 487–510, 2024.
ista: Lo WC, Krasnopeeva E, Pilizota T. 2024. Bacterial Electrophysiology. Annual
Review of Biophysics. 53, 487–510.
mla: Lo, Wei Chang, et al. “Bacterial Electrophysiology.” Annual Review of Biophysics,
vol. 53, Annual Reviews, 2024, pp. 487–510, doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215.
short: W.C. Lo, E. Krasnopeeva, T. Pilizota, Annual Review of Biophysics 53 (2024)
487–510.
date_created: 2024-07-28T22:01:09Z
date_published: 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T08:34:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-032215
external_id:
isi:
- '001278237500021'
pmid:
- '38382113'
file:
- access_level: open_access
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-07-29T10:56:01Z
date_updated: 2024-07-29T10:56:01Z
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file_name: 2024_AnnualReviewBiophys_Lo.pdf
file_size: 1276645
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language:
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license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 487-510
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: eb872896-77a9-11ec-83b8-f59a38ec17f8
grant_number: ALTF 44-2021
name: 'Bacterial cytoplasm glass transition: passive physiological switch or active
survival strategy'
publication: Annual Review of Biophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1936-1238
issn:
- 1936-122X
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
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title: Bacterial Electrophysiology
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...
---
_id: '15270'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Various toxic compounds disrupt bacterial physiology. While bacteria harbor
defense mechanisms to mitigate the toxicity, these mechanisms are often coupled
to the physiological state of the cells and become ineffective when the physiology
is severely disrupted.
article_number: '676'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Dai
full_name: Le, Dai
last_name: Le
- first_name: Ekaterina
full_name: Krasnopeeva, Ekaterina
id: 1F1EE44A-BF83-11EA-B3C1-BB9CC619BF3A
last_name: Krasnopeeva
- first_name: Faris
full_name: Sinjab, Faris
last_name: Sinjab
- first_name: Teuta
full_name: Pilizota, Teuta
last_name: Pilizota
- first_name: Minsu
full_name: Kim, Minsu
last_name: Kim
citation:
ama: Le D, Krasnopeeva E, Sinjab F, Pilizota T, Kim M. Active efflux leads to heterogeneous
dissipation of proton motive force by protonophores in bacteria. mBio.
2021;12(4). doi:10.1128/mbio.00676-21
apa: Le, D., Krasnopeeva, E., Sinjab, F., Pilizota, T., & Kim, M. (2021). Active
efflux leads to heterogeneous dissipation of proton motive force by protonophores
in bacteria. MBio. American Society for Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00676-21
chicago: Le, Dai, Ekaterina Krasnopeeva, Faris Sinjab, Teuta Pilizota, and Minsu
Kim. “Active Efflux Leads to Heterogeneous Dissipation of Proton Motive Force
by Protonophores in Bacteria.” MBio. American Society for Microbiology,
2021. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00676-21.
ieee: D. Le, E. Krasnopeeva, F. Sinjab, T. Pilizota, and M. Kim, “Active efflux
leads to heterogeneous dissipation of proton motive force by protonophores in
bacteria,” mBio, vol. 12, no. 4. American Society for Microbiology, 2021.
ista: Le D, Krasnopeeva E, Sinjab F, Pilizota T, Kim M. 2021. Active efflux leads
to heterogeneous dissipation of proton motive force by protonophores in bacteria.
mBio. 12(4), 676.
mla: Le, Dai, et al. “Active Efflux Leads to Heterogeneous Dissipation of Proton
Motive Force by Protonophores in Bacteria.” MBio, vol. 12, no. 4, 676,
American Society for Microbiology, 2021, doi:10.1128/mbio.00676-21.
short: D. Le, E. Krasnopeeva, F. Sinjab, T. Pilizota, M. Kim, MBio 12 (2021).
date_created: 2024-04-03T07:51:57Z
date_published: 2021-08-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-04-10T09:13:59Z
day: '31'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1128/mbio.00676-21
external_id:
pmid:
- '34253054'
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checksum: 529e3f97ae5c5f5cc743c4fc130c9440
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-04-10T09:05:49Z
date_updated: 2024-04-10T09:05:49Z
file_id: '15309'
file_name: 2021_mBio_Le.pdf
file_size: 1344204
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-04-10T09:05:49Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 12'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Virology
- Microbiology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: mBio
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2150-7511
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Microbiology
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Active efflux leads to heterogeneous dissipation of proton motive force by
protonophores in bacteria
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...