[{"OA_type":"hybrid","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"month":"07","status":"public","date_published":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this article are openly available under 10.5281/zenodo\r\n.19615009. ","title":"Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array","intvolume":"        26","citation":{"mla":"Léonard, Kristen Williams, et al. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical Hybrid Josephson Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26, 014031, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>.","short":"K.W. Léonard, A. Bubis, M. Mikalsen, W.F. Schiela, B.H. Elfeky, W.M. Strickland, D.T. Phan, J. Shabani, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 26 (2026).","apa":"Léonard, K. W., Bubis, A., Mikalsen, M., Schiela, W. F., Elfeky, B. H., Strickland, W. M., … Higginbotham, A. P. (2026). Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>","ama":"Léonard KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, et al. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2026;26. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>","ista":"Léonard KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, Schiela WF, Elfeky BH, Strickland WM, Phan DT, Shabani J, Higginbotham AP. 2026. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array. Physical Review Applied. 26, 014031.","ieee":"K. W. Léonard <i>et al.</i>, “Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Léonard, Kristen Williams, Anton Bubis, Melissa Mikalsen, William F. Schiela, Bassel H. Elfeky, William M. Strickland, Duc T Phan, Javad Shabani, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical Hybrid Josephson Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b\">https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b</a>."},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","date_updated":"2026-07-21T12:01:49Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"supplementarymaterial":"no","volume":26,"year":"2026","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge feedback on the preprint\r\nfrom Charles Marcus, Vadim Khrapai, Joel Moore,\r\nAndrew Green, Shivaji Sondhi, Rufus Boyack, and\r\nLuca Delacr´etaz. This work was primarily supported by\r\nthe NOMIS foundation. This work was partially supported\r\nby the University of Chicago Materials Research Science\r\nand Engineering Center, which is funded by the National\r\nScience Foundation under Award No. DMR-2011854, and\r\nby the SFB Q-M&S funded by the Austrian Science Fund\r\n(FWF). We acknowledge technical support from the\r\nNanofabrication Facility and the MIBA machine shop at\r\nIST Austria.","project":[{"name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606"}],"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2409.09835"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Arrays of Josephson junctions can be tuned through anomalous metallic, quantum-critical, and insulating regimes. We introduce an alternative experimental probe, capturing microwave radiation across all three regimes, using a two-dimensional array of superconductor-semiconductor hybrid Josephson junctions as a model system. Our approach allows  calibration of the sample’s circuit parameters and provides isolation from measurement back-action effects. We measure the radiation temperature of the anomalous metal and find that it is hotter than both the quantum-critical and insulating regimes. We further show that the anomalous metallic regime is more susceptible to additional heating than other regimes, explaining its emergence in otherwise thermalized systems. Turning to the quantum-critical regime, we discover nonlinear scaling of radiative noise with applied bias, consistent with theoretical predictions of universal nonequilibrium behavior at quantum-critical points."}],"scopus_import":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b","doi":"10.1103/75bl-mm3b","corr_author":"1","researchdata_availability":"yes","publication":"Physical Review Applied","publisher":"American Physical Society","_id":"22323","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"10","file":[{"creator":"dernst","checksum":"d872ca35d9d2c7821642fda520be2c15","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2750867,"success":1,"date_updated":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22350","date_created":"2026-07-16T09:39:37Z","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewApplied_Leonard.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"ddc":["530"],"OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"first_name":"Kristen W","full_name":"Galvin, Kristen W","id":"41737c86-5355-11ee-ae5a-d2146bfd0877","last_name":"Galvin"},{"full_name":"Bubis, Anton","first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Bubis","id":"1f6212b5-f795-11ec-9c0c-de4780302890"},{"full_name":"Mikalsen, Melissa","first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Mikalsen"},{"last_name":"Schiela","first_name":"William F.","full_name":"Schiela, William F."},{"first_name":"Bassel H.","full_name":"Elfeky, Bassel H.","last_name":"Elfeky"},{"last_name":"Strickland","full_name":"Strickland, William M.","first_name":"William M."},{"id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan","first_name":"Duc T","full_name":"Phan, Duc T"},{"last_name":"Shabani","full_name":"Shabani, Javad","first_name":"Javad"},{"last_name":"Higginbotham","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","first_name":"Andrew P"}],"oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"014031","PlanS_conform":"1","date_created":"2026-07-14T05:35:24Z"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"18978"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"19533"}]},"APC_amount":"3782,54","day":"16","corr_author":"1","publication":"PRX Quantum","_id":"17183","publisher":"American Physical Society","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"010327","date_created":"2024-06-27T10:58:06Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","isi":1,"file":[{"date_created":"2024-06-28T12:04:43Z","file_name":"2024_PRXQuantum_Sett.pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2024-06-28T12:04:43Z","file_id":"17185","access_level":"open_access","file_size":1443351,"creator":"cchlebak","checksum":"0833880d47f74ad1deda93a1d8ffa5a7"}],"ddc":["530"],"OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"id":"2E6D040E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sett","first_name":"Riya","orcid":"0000-0001-7641-8348","full_name":"Sett, Riya"},{"last_name":"Hassani","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid"},{"id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan","first_name":"Duc T","full_name":"Phan, Duc T"},{"last_name":"Barzanjeh","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir"},{"last_name":"Vukics","full_name":"Vukics, Andras","first_name":"Andras"},{"last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"file_date_updated":"2024-06-28T12:04:43Z","date_updated":"2026-09-15T22:31:10Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2691-3399"]},"volume":5,"issue":"1","year":"2024","OA_type":"gold","type":"journal_article","month":"02","arxiv":1,"status":"public","date_published":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","title":"Emergent macroscopic bistability induced by a single superconducting qubit","intvolume":"         5","citation":{"ama":"Sett R, Hassani F, Phan DT, Barzanjeh S, Vukics A, Fink JM. Emergent macroscopic bistability induced by a single superconducting qubit. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2024;5(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327</a>","apa":"Sett, R., Hassani, F., Phan, D. T., Barzanjeh, S., Vukics, A., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2024). Emergent macroscopic bistability induced by a single superconducting qubit. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327</a>","ista":"Sett R, Hassani F, Phan DT, Barzanjeh S, Vukics A, Fink JM. 2024. Emergent macroscopic bistability induced by a single superconducting qubit. PRX Quantum. 5(1), 010327.","mla":"Sett, Riya, et al. “Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 010327, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327</a>.","short":"R. Sett, F. Hassani, D.T. Phan, S. Barzanjeh, A. Vukics, J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 5 (2024).","ieee":"R. Sett, F. Hassani, D. T. Phan, S. Barzanjeh, A. Vukics, and J. M. Fink, “Emergent macroscopic bistability induced by a single superconducting qubit,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 5, no. 1. American Physical Society, 2024.","chicago":"Sett, Riya, Farid Hassani, Duc T Phan, Shabir Barzanjeh, Andras Vukics, and Johannes M Fink. “Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327</a>."},"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001171652500001"],"arxiv":["2210.14182"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The photon blockade breakdown in a continuously driven cavity QED system has been proposed as a prime example for a first-order driven-dissipative quantum phase transition. However, the predicted scaling from a microscopic behavior—dominated by quantum fluctuations—to a macroscopic one—characterized by stable phases—and the associated exponents and phase diagram have not been observed so far. In this work we couple a single transmon qubit with a fixed coupling strength 𝑔 to a superconducting cavity that is in situ bandwidth 𝜅 tunable to controllably approach this thermodynamic limit. Even though the system remains microscopic, we observe its behavior becoming increasingly macroscopic as a function of 𝑔/𝜅. For the highest realized 𝑔/𝜅 of approximately 287, the system switches with a characteristic timescale as long as 6 s between a bright coherent state with approximately 8×103 intracavity photons and the vacuum state. This exceeds the microscopic timescales by 6 orders of magnitude and approaches the perfect hysteresis expected between two macroscopic attractors in the thermodynamic limit. These findings and interpretation are qualitatively supported by neoclassical theory and large-scale quantum-jump Monte Carlo simulations. Besides shedding more light on driven-dissipative physics in the limit of strong light-matter coupling, this system might also find applications in quantum sensing and metrology.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.5.010327","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"project":[{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","name":"FWF Open Access Fund"},{"name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","grant_number":"F07105","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f"}],"acknowledgement":"This work has received funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET). A.V. acknowledges support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIH) within the Quantum Information National Laboratory of Hungary. The authors thank the MIBA workshop and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria nanofabrication facility for technical support. We are grateful to HUN-REN Cloud for providing us with suitable computational infrastructure for the simulations."},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-7641-8348","first_name":"Riya","full_name":"Sett, Riya","id":"2E6D040E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sett"},{"id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid","full_name":"Hassani, Farid"},{"first_name":"Duc T","full_name":"Phan, Duc T","id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barzanjeh"},{"first_name":"Andras","full_name":"Vukics, Andras","last_name":"Vukics"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"OA_place":"repository","ddc":["530"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320","abstract":[{"text":"Data analysis files for the manuscript \"Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit\".\r\n\r\nThis contains the raw data and the data analysis files for generating the figures in the manuscript.\r\n\r\n Figure1 file - The raw data of cavity transmission spectra for 6 different kappas are there. They are fitted with input-output theory in the python file.\r\n Figure2 file - The raw data at 8 MHz kappa are included. all hte figures in figure 2 are generated in the python file\r\n Figure3 file - The raw data of PBB single shot measurements at all kappas are included. The detailed analysis and the Figure3 generated for the paper are all in the python analysis file. Also, thefiles containing the time-evolution of the intensity from Master Equation solution are included.\r\nFigure4 file - The raw data at 2.6 MHz for different drive detunings and the corresponding analyses are included. And the python file includes the analysis of the experimental data as well as approximate neoclassical equations solutions for 2-level and 3-level transmons are included.  ","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_created":"2025-01-30T08:30:03Z","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.10518320","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"title":"Data Analysis files for \"Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit\"","date_published":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10518320"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ista":"Sett R, Hassani F, Phan DT, Barzanjeh S, Vukics A, Fink JM. 2024. Data Analysis files for ‘Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit’, Zenodo, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320\">10.5281/ZENODO.10518320</a>.","ama":"Sett R, Hassani F, Phan DT, Barzanjeh S, Vukics A, Fink JM. Data Analysis files for “Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.” 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320\">10.5281/ZENODO.10518320</a>","apa":"Sett, R., Hassani, F., Phan, D. T., Barzanjeh, S., Vukics, A., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2024). Data Analysis files for “Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.” Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320</a>","short":"R. Sett, F. Hassani, D.T. Phan, S. Barzanjeh, A. Vukics, J.M. Fink, (2024).","mla":"Sett, Riya, et al. <i>Data Analysis Files for “Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.”</i> Zenodo, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320\">10.5281/ZENODO.10518320</a>.","chicago":"Sett, Riya, Farid Hassani, Duc T Phan, Shabir Barzanjeh, Andras Vukics, and Johannes M Fink. “Data Analysis Files for ‘Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.’” Zenodo, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10518320</a>.","ieee":"R. Sett, F. Hassani, D. T. Phan, S. Barzanjeh, A. Vukics, and J. M. Fink, “Data Analysis files for ‘Emergent Macroscopic Bistability Induced by a Single Superconducting Qubit.’” Zenodo, 2024."},"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"18978","publisher":"Zenodo","corr_author":"1","OA_type":"gold","status":"public","type":"research_data_reference","month":"01","day":"16","year":"2024","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"17183","relation":"used_in_publication"},{"id":"19533","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"date_updated":"2026-09-15T22:31:10Z"},{"oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2023-11-17T13:45:26Z","ddc":["530"],"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","first_name":"Andrew P","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham"}],"OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_size":34828019,"creator":"pduc","checksum":"db0c37d213bc002125bd59690e9db246","file_name":"Phan_Thesis_pdfa.pdf","date_created":"2023-11-17T13:36:44Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-11-22T09:46:06Z","file_id":"14548"},{"date_updated":"2023-11-17T13:47:54Z","content_type":"application/zip","file_id":"14549","date_created":"2023-11-17T13:44:53Z","file_name":"dissertation_src.zip","relation":"source_file","creator":"pduc","checksum":"8d3bd6afa279a0078ffd13e06bb6d56d","access_level":"closed","file_size":279319709}],"author":[{"last_name":"Phan","id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Phan, Duc T","first_name":"Duc T"}],"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"10851","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"13264","status":"public"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"16","degree_awarded":"PhD","corr_author":"1","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","_id":"14547","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.15479/14547","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures currently capture a significant amount of research interest and they serve as the physical platform in many proposals towards topological quantum computation.\r\nDespite being under extensive investigations, historically using transport techniques, the basic properties of the interface between the superconductor and the semiconductor remain to be understood.\r\n\r\nIn this thesis, two separate studies on the Al-InAs heterostructures are reported with the first focusing on the physics of the material motivated by the emergence of a new phase, the Bogoliubov-Fermi surface. \r\nThe second focuses on a technological application, a gate-tunable Josephson parametric amplifier.\r\n\r\nIn the first study, we investigate the hypothesized unconventional nature of the induced superconductivity at the interface between the Al thin film and the InAs quantum well.\r\nWe embed a two-dimensional Al-InAs hybrid system in a resonant microwave circuit allowing measurements of change in inductance.\r\nThe behaviour of the resonance in a range of temperature and in-plane magnetic field has been studied and compared with the theory of conventional s-wave superconductor and a two-component theory that includes both contribution of the $s$-wave pairing in Al and the intraband $p \\pm ip$ pairing in InAs.\r\nMeasuring the temperature dependence of resonant frequency, no discrepancy is found between data and the conventional theory.\r\nWe observe the breakdown of superconductivity due to an applied magnetic field which contradicts the conventional theory.\r\nIn contrast, the data can be captured quantitatively by fitting to a two-component model.\r\nWe find the evidence of the intraband $p \\pm ip$ pairing in the InAs and the emergence of the Bogoliubov-Fermi surfaces due to magnetic field with the characteristic value $B^* = 0.33~\\mathrm{T}$.\r\nFrom the fits, the sheet resistance of Al, the carrier density and mobility in InAs are determined.\r\nBy systematically studying the anisotropy of the circuit response, we find weak anisotropy for $B < B^*$ and increasingly strong anisotropy for $B > B^*$ resulting in a pronounced two-lobe structure in polar plot of frequency versus field angle.\r\nStrong resemblance between the field dependence of dissipation and superfluid density hints at a hidden signature of the Bogoliubov-Fermi surface that is burried in the dissipation data.\r\n\r\nIn the second study, we realize a parametric amplifier with a Josephson field effect transistor as the active element.\r\nThe device's modest construction consists of a gated SNS weak link embedded at the center of a coplanar waveguide resonator.\r\nBy applying a gate voltage, the resonant frequency is field-effect tunable over a range of 2 GHz.\r\nModelling the JoFET minimally as a parallel RL circuit, the dissipation introduced by the JoFET can be quantitatively related to the gate voltage.\r\nWe observed gate-tunable Kerr nonlinearity qualitatively in line with expectation.\r\nThe JoFET amplifier has 20 dB of gain, 4 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth, and a 1dB compression point of -125.5 dBm when operated at a fixed resonant frequency.\r\nIn general, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 5-7 dB when the JoFET amplifier is activated compared.\r\nThe noise of the measurement chain and insertion loss of relevant circuit elements are calibrated to determine the expected and the real noise performance of the JoFET amplifier.\r\nAs a quantification of the noise performance, the measured total input-referred noise of the JoFET amplifier is in good agreement with the estimated expectation which takes device loss into account.\r\nWe found that the noise performance of the device reported in this document approaches one photon of total input-referred added noise which is the quantum limit imposed in nondegenerate parametric amplifier."}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/14547","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"date_updated":"2026-07-08T08:38:43Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-11-22T09:46:06Z","page":"80","keyword":["superconductor-semiconductor","superconductivity","Al","InAs","p-wave","superconductivity","JPA","microwave"],"year":"2023","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"type":"dissertation","month":"11","status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Phan DT. Resonant microwave spectroscopy of Al-InAs. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/14547\">10.15479/14547</a>","ista":"Phan DT. 2023. Resonant microwave spectroscopy of Al-InAs. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Phan, D. T. (2023). <i>Resonant microwave spectroscopy of Al-InAs</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/14547\">https://doi.org/10.15479/14547</a>","short":"D.T. Phan, Resonant Microwave Spectroscopy of Al-InAs, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Phan, Duc T. <i>Resonant Microwave Spectroscopy of Al-InAs</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/14547\">10.15479/14547</a>.","chicago":"Phan, Duc T. “Resonant Microwave Spectroscopy of Al-InAs.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/14547\">https://doi.org/10.15479/14547</a>.","ieee":"D. T. Phan, “Resonant microwave spectroscopy of Al-InAs,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023."},"date_published":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","title":"Resonant microwave spectroscopy of Al-InAs"},{"issue":"6","year":"2023","supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2331-7019"]},"volume":19,"date_updated":"2026-07-08T08:38:44Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"intvolume":"        19","citation":{"mla":"Phan, Duc T., et al. “Gate-Tunable Superconductor-Semiconductor Parametric Amplifier.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 19, no. 6, 064032, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032</a>.","short":"D.T. Phan, P. Falthansl-Scheinecker, U. Mishra, W.M. Strickland, D. Langone, J. Shabani, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 19 (2023).","ista":"Phan DT, Falthansl-Scheinecker P, Mishra U, Strickland WM, Langone D, Shabani J, Higginbotham AP. 2023. Gate-tunable superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier. Physical Review Applied. 19(6), 064032.","ama":"Phan DT, Falthansl-Scheinecker P, Mishra U, et al. Gate-tunable superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2023;19(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032</a>","apa":"Phan, D. T., Falthansl-Scheinecker, P., Mishra, U., Strickland, W. M., Langone, D., Shabani, J., &#38; Higginbotham, A. P. (2023). Gate-tunable superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032</a>","ieee":"D. T. Phan <i>et al.</i>, “Gate-tunable superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 19, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2023.","chicago":"Phan, Duc T, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Umang Mishra, W. M. Strickland, D. Langone, J. Shabani, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Gate-Tunable Superconductor-Semiconductor Parametric Amplifier.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032</a>."},"date_published":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.05746"}],"title":"Gate-tunable superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier","dataavailabilitystatement":"The raw data and the plotting code are available in the Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032. Further data are available upon reasonable request.","arxiv":1,"month":"06","type":"journal_article","status":"public","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We build a parametric amplifier with a Josephson field-effect transistor (JoFET) as the active element. The resonant frequency of the device is field-effect tunable over a range of 2 GHz. The JoFET amplifier has 20 dB of gain, 4 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth, and a 1-dB compression point of -125.5 dBm when operated at a fixed resonance frequency.\r\n\r\n"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.064032","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2206.05746"],"isi":["001012022600004"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank Shyam Shankar for helpful feedback on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the ISTA nanofabrication facility, the Miba Machine Shop, and the eMachine Shop. The NYU team acknowledges support from Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF2110303.","department":[{"_id":"AnHi"},{"_id":"OnHo"}],"day":"09","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"14547","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"das_tickbox":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"13264","publisher":"American Physical Society","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Physical Review Applied","researchdata_availability":"yes (supplementary data)","corr_author":"1","date_created":"2023-07-23T22:01:12Z","article_number":"064032","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"author":[{"id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan","first_name":"Duc T","full_name":"Phan, Duc T"},{"last_name":"Falthansl-Scheinecker","id":"85b43b21-15b2-11ec-abd3-e2c252cc2285","full_name":"Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul","first_name":"Paul"},{"first_name":"Umang","full_name":"Mishra, Umang","id":"4328fa4c-f128-11eb-9611-c107b0fe4d51","last_name":"Mishra"},{"first_name":"W. M.","full_name":"Strickland, W. M.","last_name":"Strickland"},{"last_name":"Langone","first_name":"D.","full_name":"Langone, D."},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Shabani, J.","last_name":"Shabani"},{"id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham","first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"}],"user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","article_type":"original","isi":1},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices are at the heart of several proposed approaches to quantum information processing, but their basic properties remain to be understood. We embed a twodimensional Al-InAs hybrid system in a resonant microwave circuit, probing the breakdown of superconductivity due to an applied magnetic field. We find a fingerprint from the two-component nature of the hybrid system, and quantitatively compare with a theory that includes the contribution of intraband p±ip pairing in the InAs, as well as the emergence of Bogoliubov-Fermi surfaces due to magnetic field. Separately resolving the Al and InAs contributions allows us to determine the carrier density and mobility in the InAs.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":[" 35333085"],"isi":["000771391100002"],"arxiv":["2107.03695"]},"publication_status":"published","project":[{"grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"acknowledgement":"M. S. acknowledges useful discussions with A. Levchenko and P. A. Lee, and E. Berg. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. J. S. and A. G. acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.W. M. Hatefipour, W. M. Strickland and J. Shabani acknowledge funding from Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-21-1-2450.","department":[{"_id":"MaSe"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"issue":"10","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy"],"year":"2022","volume":128,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1079-7114"],"issn":["0031-9007"]},"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:25:51Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"citation":{"short":"D.T. Phan, J.L. Senior, A. Ghazaryan, M. Hatefipour, W.M. Strickland, J. Shabani, M. Serbyn, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022).","mla":"Phan, Duc T., et al. “Detecting Induced P±ip Pairing at the Al-InAs Interface with a Quantum Microwave Circuit.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 10, 107701, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701\">10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701</a>.","apa":"Phan, D. T., Senior, J. L., Ghazaryan, A., Hatefipour, M., Strickland, W. M., Shabani, J., … Higginbotham, A. P. (2022). Detecting induced p±ip pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701</a>","ista":"Phan DT, Senior JL, Ghazaryan A, Hatefipour M, Strickland WM, Shabani J, Serbyn M, Higginbotham AP. 2022. Detecting induced p±ip pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit. Physical Review Letters. 128(10), 107701.","ama":"Phan DT, Senior JL, Ghazaryan A, et al. Detecting induced p±ip pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2022;128(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701\">10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701</a>","chicago":"Phan, Duc T, Jorden L Senior, Areg Ghazaryan, M. Hatefipour, W. M. Strickland, J. Shabani, Maksym Serbyn, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Detecting Induced P±ip Pairing at the Al-InAs Interface with a Quantum Microwave Circuit.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.107701</a>.","ieee":"D. T. Phan <i>et al.</i>, “Detecting induced p±ip pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 10. American Physical Society, 2022."},"intvolume":"       128","title":"Detecting induced p±ip pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","status":"public","arxiv":1,"type":"journal_article","month":"03","date_created":"2022-03-17T11:37:47Z","article_number":"107701","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Duc T","full_name":"Phan, Duc T","id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Phan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0672-9295","first_name":"Jorden L","full_name":"Senior, Jorden L","id":"5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E","last_name":"Senior"},{"full_name":"Ghazaryan, Areg","orcid":"0000-0001-9666-3543","first_name":"Areg","last_name":"Ghazaryan","id":"4AF46FD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hatefipour, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Hatefipour"},{"first_name":"W. M.","full_name":"Strickland, W. M.","last_name":"Strickland"},{"last_name":"Shabani","full_name":"Shabani, J.","first_name":"J."},{"id":"47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Serbyn","orcid":"0000-0002-2399-5827","first_name":"Maksym","full_name":"Serbyn, Maksym"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","first_name":"Andrew P","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham"}],"ec_funded":1,"pmid":1,"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","article_type":"original","isi":1,"day":"11","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/characterizing-super-semi-sandwiches-for-quantum-computing/","description":"News on ISTA Website"}],"record":[{"status":"public","id":"10029","relation":"earlier_version"},{"status":"public","id":"14547","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"10851","oa_version":"Preprint","publisher":"American Physical Society","publication":"Physical Review Letters","corr_author":"1"},{"day":"08","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"9636","relation":"research_data"},{"id":"10851","status":"public","relation":"later_version"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"10029","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"arXiv","date_created":"2021-09-21T08:41:02Z","article_number":"2107.03695","oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Phan, Duc T","first_name":"Duc T","last_name":"Phan","id":"29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Senior, Jorden L","first_name":"Jorden L","orcid":"0000-0002-0672-9295","last_name":"Senior","id":"5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E"},{"last_name":"Ghazaryan","id":"4AF46FD6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Ghazaryan, Areg","orcid":"0000-0001-9666-3543","first_name":"Areg"},{"last_name":"Hatefipour","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Hatefipour, M."},{"first_name":"W. M.","full_name":"Strickland, W. M.","last_name":"Strickland"},{"last_name":"Shabani","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Shabani, J."},{"id":"47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Serbyn","orcid":"0000-0002-2399-5827","first_name":"Maksym","full_name":"Serbyn, Maksym"},{"first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Higginbotham"}],"ec_funded":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2021","date_updated":"2025-04-15T06:54:43Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"citation":{"mla":"Phan, Duc T., et al. “Breakdown of Induced P±ip Pairing in a Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2107.03695, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695\">10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695</a>.","short":"D.T. Phan, J.L. Senior, A. Ghazaryan, M. Hatefipour, W.M. Strickland, J. Shabani, M. Serbyn, A.P. Higginbotham, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Phan DT, Senior JL, Ghazaryan A, Hatefipour M, Strickland WM, Shabani J, Serbyn M, Higginbotham AP. Breakdown of induced p±ip pairing in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid. arXiv, 2107.03695.","apa":"Phan, D. T., Senior, J. L., Ghazaryan, A., Hatefipour, M., Strickland, W. M., Shabani, J., … Higginbotham, A. P. (n.d.). Breakdown of induced p±ip pairing in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695</a>","ama":"Phan DT, Senior JL, Ghazaryan A, et al. Breakdown of induced p±ip pairing in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695\">10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695</a>","ieee":"D. T. Phan <i>et al.</i>, “Breakdown of induced p±ip pairing in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Phan, Duc T, Jorden L Senior, Areg Ghazaryan, M. Hatefipour, W. M. Strickland, J. Shabani, Maksym Serbyn, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Breakdown of Induced P±ip Pairing in a Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695</a>."},"date_published":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03695"}],"title":"Breakdown of induced p±ip pairing in a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid","month":"07","arxiv":1,"type":"preprint","status":"public","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695","abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor-semiconductor hybrids are platforms for realizing effective p-wave superconductivity. Spin-orbit coupling, combined with the proximity effect, causes the two-dimensional semiconductor to inherit p±ip intraband pairing, and application of magnetic field can then result in transitions to the normal state, partial Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces, or topological phases with Majorana modes. Experimentally probing the hybrid superconductor-semiconductor interface is challenging due to the shunting effect of the conventional superconductor. Consequently, the nature of induced pairing remains an open question. Here, we use the circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture to probe induced superconductivity in a two dimensional Al-InAs hybrid system. We observe a strong suppression of superfluid density and enhanced dissipation driven by magnetic field, which cannot be accounted for by the depairing theory of an s-wave superconductor. These observations are explained by a picture of independent intraband p±ip superconductors giving way to partial Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces, and allow for the first characterization of key properties of the hybrid superconducting system.","lang":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2107.03695","publication_status":"draft","external_id":{"arxiv":["2107.03695"]},"project":[{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. JS and AG were supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.754411.","department":[{"_id":"MaSe"},{"_id":"AnHi"},{"_id":"MiLe"}]}]