---
APC_amount: 1260 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20664'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research.
Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with
conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international
conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS.
We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t CO2 eq..
For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about
2–3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t.
We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with
research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total
climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies
to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues
more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a
detailed comparison of train versus air travel – accounting for both direct and
infrastructure-related emissions – we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable
carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future
conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance.
acknowledgement: 'First and foremost, we are grateful to the conference organizers
who have provided data, either in the form of tables or by pointing us to abstract
books. We thank the reviewers and the handling editor (Gottfried Otting) for the
careful reading and suggestions. This project emerged from an interactive course
about energy and climate, held at IST Austria by Jeroen Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros
and Paul Schanda. We are grateful to ISTA''s Graduate School for enabling this interdisciplinary
course and to all participating students. We thank the following persons for discussions
and/or comments about the manuscript: Helene Van Melckebeke, Mei Hong, Jeff Hoch,
Gottfried Otting and Matthias Ernst. For the preparation of the manuscript, AI tools
have been used, namely for finding relevant literature (ChatGPT) and for correcting
the text (Writefull, within Overleaf LaTeX).'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lucky
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
last_name: Kapoor
orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Natalia
full_name: Ruzickova, Natalia
id: D2761128-D73D-11E9-A1BF-BA0DE6697425
last_name: Ruzickova
- first_name: Predrag
full_name: Zivadinovic, Predrag
id: 68AA0E5A-AFDA-11E9-9994-141DE6697425
last_name: Zivadinovic
- first_name: Valentin
full_name: Leitner, Valentin
id: 4c665ce3-0016-11ec-bea0-e44de7a4fa3d
last_name: Leitner
- first_name: Maria A
full_name: Sisak, Maria A
id: 44A03D04-AEA4-11E9-B225-EA2DE6697425
last_name: Sisak
- first_name: Cecelia N
full_name: Mweka, Cecelia N
id: 2a69ab4b-896a-11ed-bdf8-cb8641cf2b21
last_name: Mweka
- first_name: Jeroen A
full_name: Dobbelaere, Jeroen A
id: c15a5412-de82-11ed-b809-8dc1aa996e40
last_name: Dobbelaere
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Schanda, Paul
id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
last_name: Schanda
orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
citation:
ama: 'Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, et al. Quantifying the carbon footprint
of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings. Magnetic Resonance. 2025;6(2):243-256.
doi:10.5194/mr-6-243-2025'
apa: 'Kapoor, L., Ruzickova, N., Zivadinovic, P., Leitner, V., Sisak, M. A., Mweka,
C. N., … Schanda, P. (2025). Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel:
The case of NMR meetings. Magnetic Resonance. Copernicus Publications.
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025'
chicago: 'Kapoor, Lucky, Natalia Ruzickova, Predrag Zivadinovic, Valentin Leitner,
Maria A Sisak, Cecelia N Mweka, Jeroen A Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros, and Paul
Schanda. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel: The Case of NMR
Meetings.” Magnetic Resonance. Copernicus Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025.'
ieee: 'L. Kapoor et al., “Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference
travel: The case of NMR meetings,” Magnetic Resonance, vol. 6, no. 2. Copernicus
Publications, pp. 243–256, 2025.'
ista: 'Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, Leitner V, Sisak MA, Mweka CN, Dobbelaere
JA, Katsaros G, Schanda P. 2025. Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference
travel: The case of NMR meetings. Magnetic Resonance. 6(2), 243–256.'
mla: 'Kapoor, Lucky, et al. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel:
The Case of NMR Meetings.” Magnetic Resonance, vol. 6, no. 2, Copernicus
Publications, 2025, pp. 243–56, doi:10.5194/mr-6-243-2025.'
short: L. Kapoor, N. Ruzickova, P. Zivadinovic, V. Leitner, M.A. Sisak, C.N. Mweka,
J.A. Dobbelaere, G. Katsaros, P. Schanda, Magnetic Resonance 6 (2025) 243–256.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:39Z
date_published: 2025-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-10T08:45:11Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: JoFi
- _id: GaTk
- _id: JoCs
- _id: EvBe
- _id: TaHa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
- _id: PaSc
doi: 10.5194/mr-6-243-2025
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 243-256
project:
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2699-0016
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA website
relation: research_data
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/carbon-footprint-of-conference-travel/
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status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '18588'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This thesis is an experimental work about two distinct research projects
that evolved from a single project: non-equilibrium dynamics of an acoustically
vibrated particle and microfabrication of particles with nano-scale 3D printing.
The first project explores non equilibrium dynamics of a particle driven by ultrasonic
vibrations. We design an experimental system consisting of an electromechanical
vibration scheme to drive the particle’s vibrations and an imaging scheme to track
its trajectories. We study the trajectories to determine how the particle’s dynamics
evolve under the driven conditions, considering out of equilibrium systems in
the context of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Using a Langevin framework and
the Boltzmann factor, we characterize the particle’s dynamics as complex; the
particle motion\r\nis not purely diffusive. We extract physical parameters like
spring constant, effective temperature, damping coefficient and resonance frequency.\r\n\r\nIn
the second project, we explore and develop techniques in the design and microfabrication
of particles across scales. Microfabrication involves building structures at the
micron or submicron scale. These designed miniaturized patterns, objects, or devices
are useful in biophysics, pharmacology, medical biology, and nanotechnology. We
specifically apply two-photon polymerization, a form of 3D nano printing. We print
millimetric particles, characterizing different designs to evaluate and showcase
the resolution, aspect ratio integrity and print quality of the printing process.
We also design and fabricate a microsensor to deflect under applicable force of
order 0.1 pN. We present fundamental concepts needed to design the microsensor,
showcasing 3D printing at considerably smaller scales down to the µm or below."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "I would like to acknowledge Scott Waitukaitis and Jérémie Palacci,
for their supervision, and their extensive support of my learning. \r\n\r\nFor the
beautiful characterization images used in this work, I would like to thank Dr. Daniel
Grober, Samuel Hajek and Felix Pertl.\r\n\r\nThe Palacci group, particularly Malina
Strugaru and Dan Grober, for their continuous guidance in decoding and following
my streams of thought.\r\n\r\nTo the Waitukaitis group, for helping me find my footing
in science, and making me feel at\r\nhome.\r\n\r\nTo the Nanofabrication Facility
(NFF) at ISTA, for training me in significant aspects of my research. The MIBA Facility,
and particularly Todor Asenov for consistently picking up the phone for my machining
and designing needs.\r\n\r\nTo my friends, Mariana, Lenka, Aaron, Rebecca, Eavan
who provided an ear, wine, and a lot more when I needed to vent, talk through my
crises as well as experiment. For the walks, for the coffees, for reading through
my work and providing edits, for dinners to take me out of blocks and binds and
for cheering me on when it felt insurmountable. \r\n\r\nFinally, I am grateful to
Griff and Fletcher, whose music helped me through several blocks, especially with
my writing.\r\n\r\nMy science would not have been possible without the guidance,
support and contributions of\r\nall these people, and more."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Master's Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Cecelia N
full_name: Mweka, Cecelia N
id: 2a69ab4b-896a-11ed-bdf8-cb8641cf2b21
last_name: Mweka
citation:
ama: Mweka CN. Non equilibrium dynamics of driven individual particles and 3D printing
across scales. 2024. doi:10.15479/at:ista:18588
apa: Mweka, C. N. (2024). Non equilibrium dynamics of driven individual particles
and 3D printing across scales. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18588
chicago: Mweka, Cecelia N. “Non Equilibrium Dynamics of Driven Individual Particles
and 3D Printing across Scales.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18588.
ieee: C. N. Mweka, “Non equilibrium dynamics of driven individual particles and
3D printing across scales,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
ista: Mweka CN. 2024. Non equilibrium dynamics of driven individual particles and
3D printing across scales. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Mweka, Cecelia N. Non Equilibrium Dynamics of Driven Individual Particles
and 3D Printing across Scales. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2024, doi:10.15479/at:ista:18588.
short: C.N. Mweka, Non Equilibrium Dynamics of Driven Individual Particles and 3D
Printing across Scales, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2024-11-27T09:12:02Z
date_published: 2024-11-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:11:44Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '530'
degree_awarded: MS
department:
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:18588
doi_confirm: '1'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 054ed7a5e5ae6e7220e6bb37ea57a3c3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cmweka
date_created: 2024-11-28T12:50:32Z
date_updated: 2024-11-28T12:50:32Z
file_id: '18597'
file_name: Cecelia Mweka Master Thesis.pdf
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date_created: 2024-11-28T12:51:43Z
date_updated: 2024-12-13T11:30:53Z
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file_name: Cecelia Mweka Master Thesis.docx
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18588
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '61'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2791-4585
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
researchdata_availability: no
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Scott R
full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R
id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Waitukaitis
orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Non equilibrium dynamics of driven individual particles and 3D printing across
scales
type: dissertation
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2024'
...