@article{18985,
  abstract     = {Persistent multiyear drought (MYD) events pose a growing threat to nature and humans in a changing climate. We identified and inventoried global MYDs by detecting spatiotemporally contiguous climatic anomalies, showing that MYDs have become drier, hotter, and led to increasingly diminished vegetation greenness. The global terrestrial land affected by MYDs has increased at a rate of 49,279 ± 14,771 square kilometers per year from 1980 to 2018. Temperate grasslands have exhibited the greatest declines in vegetation greenness during MYDs, whereas boreal and tropical forests have had comparably minor responses. With MYDs becoming more common, this global quantitative inventory of the occurrence, severity, trend, and impact of MYDs provides an important benchmark for facilitating more effective and collaborative preparedness toward mitigation of and adaptation to such extreme events.},
  author       = {Chen, Liangzhi and Brun, Philipp and Buri, Pascal and Fatichi, Simone and Gessler, Arthur and Mccarthy, Michael and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Stocker, Benjamin and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {6731},
  pages        = {278--284},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear droughts}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.ado4245},
  volume       = {387},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20348,
  abstract     = {Central Asia hosts some of the world’s last relatively healthy mountain glaciers and is heavily dependent on snow and ice melt for downstream water supply, though the causes of this stable glacier state are not known. We combine recent in-situ observations, climate reanalysis and remote sensing data to force a land-surface model to reconstruct glacier changes over the last two decades (1999–2023) and disentangle their causes over a benchmark glacierized catchment in Tajikistan. We show that snowfall and snow depth have been substantially lower since 2018, leading to a decline in glacier health and reduced runoff generation. Remote-sensing observations confirm wider snow depletion across the Northwestern Pamirs, suggesting that a lack of snowfall might be a cause of mass losses regionally. Our results provide an explanation for the recent decline in glacier health in the region, and reinforce the need to better understand the variability of precipitation.},
  author       = {Jouberton, Achille and Shaw, Thomas and Miles, Evan and Kneib, Marin and Fugger, Stefan and Buri, Pascal and Mccarthy, Michael and Kayumov, Abdulhamid and Navruzshoev, Hofiz and Halimov, Ardamehr and Kabutov, Khusrav and Homidov, Farrukh and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2662-4435},
  journal      = {Communications Earth and Environment},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines glacier health and meltwater resources in the Northwestern Pamirs}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{14938,
  abstract     = {High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. 
Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. 
Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit.},
  author       = {Fugger, Stefan and Shaw, Thomas and Jouberton, Achille and Miles, Evan and Buri, Pascal and McCarthy, Michael and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fatichi, Simone and Kneib, Marin and Molnar, Peter and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{14885,
  abstract     = {The near-surface boundary layer can mediate the response of mountain glaciers to external climate, cooling the overlying air and promoting a density-driven glacier wind. The fundamental processes are conceptually well understood, though the magnitudes of cooling and presence of glacier winds are poorly quantified in space and time, increasing the forcing uncertainty for melt models. We utilize a new data set of on-glacier meteorological measurements on three neighboring glaciers in the Swiss Alps to explore their distinct response to regional climate under the extreme 2022 summer. We find that synoptic wind origins and local terrain modifications, not only glacier size, play an important role in the ability of a glacier to cool the near-surface air. Warm air intrusions from valley or synoptically-driven winds onto the glacier can occur between ∼19% and 64% of the time and contribute between 3% and 81% of the total sensible heat flux to the surface during warm afternoon hours, depending on the fetch of the glacier flowline and its susceptibility to boundary layer erosion. In the context of extreme summer warmth, indicative of future conditions, the boundary layer cooling (up to 6.5°C cooler than its surroundings) and resultant katabatic wind flow are highly heterogeneous between the study glaciers, highlighting the complex and likely non-linear response of glaciers to an uncertain future.},
  author       = {Shaw, Thomas and Buri, Pascal and Mccarthy, Michael and Miles, Evan S. and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2169-8996},
  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2023JD040214},
  volume       = {129},
  year         = {2024},
}

@misc{14919,
  abstract     = {GLACIER METEOROLOGICAL DATA SWISS ALPS -2022
},
  author       = {Shaw, Thomas and Buri, Pascal and McCarthy, Michael and Miles, Evan and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.8277285},
  year         = {2023},
}