---
_id: '9259'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Gradients of chemokines and growth factors guide migrating cells and morphogenetic
    processes. Migration of antigen-presenting dendritic cells from the interstitium
    into the lymphatic system is dependent on chemokine CCL21, which is secreted by
    endothelial cells of the lymphatic capillary, binds heparan sulfates and forms
    gradients decaying into the interstitium. Despite the importance of CCL21 gradients,
    and chemokine gradients in general, the mechanisms of gradient formation are unclear.
    Studies on fibroblast growth factors have shown that limited diffusion is crucial
    for gradient formation. Here, we used the mouse dermis as a model tissue to address
    the necessity of CCL21 anchoring to lymphatic capillary heparan sulfates in the
    formation of interstitial CCL21 gradients. Surprisingly, the absence of lymphatic
    endothelial heparan sulfates resulted only in a modest decrease of CCL21 levels
    at the lymphatic capillaries and did neither affect interstitial CCL21 gradient
    shape nor dendritic cell migration toward lymphatic capillaries. Thus, heparan
    sulfates at the level of the lymphatic endothelium are dispensable for the formation
    of a functional CCL21 gradient.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by Sigrid Juselius fellowship (KV), University
  of Helsinki 3-year research grant (KV), Academy of Finland Research fellow funding
  (315710, to KV), the European Research Council (ERC CoG 724373 to MS), and by the
  Austrian Science foundation (FWF) (Y564-B12 START award to MS).\r\nTaija Mäkinen
  is acknowledged for providing Prox1CreERT2 transgenic mice and Yu Yamaguchi for
  providing the conditional Ext1 mouse strain."
article_number: '630002'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kari
  full_name: Vaahtomeri, Kari
  id: 368EE576-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vaahtomeri
  orcid: 0000-0001-7829-3518
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Vaahtomeri K, Moussion C, Hauschild R, Sixt MK. Shape and function of interstitial
    chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates produced by lymphatic
    endothelium. <i>Frontiers in Immunology</i>. 2021;12. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002">10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002</a>
  apa: Vaahtomeri, K., Moussion, C., Hauschild, R., &#38; Sixt, M. K. (2021). Shape
    and function of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan
    sulfates produced by lymphatic endothelium. <i>Frontiers in Immunology</i>. Frontiers.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002">https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002</a>
  chicago: Vaahtomeri, Kari, Christine Moussion, Robert Hauschild, and Michael K Sixt.
    “Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21 Gradients Are Independent
    of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.” <i>Frontiers in Immunology</i>.
    Frontiers, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002">https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002</a>.
  ieee: K. Vaahtomeri, C. Moussion, R. Hauschild, and M. K. Sixt, “Shape and function
    of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates
    produced by lymphatic endothelium,” <i>Frontiers in Immunology</i>, vol. 12. Frontiers,
    2021.
  ista: Vaahtomeri K, Moussion C, Hauschild R, Sixt MK. 2021. Shape and function of
    interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent of heparan sulfates produced
    by lymphatic endothelium. Frontiers in Immunology. 12, 630002.
  mla: Vaahtomeri, Kari, et al. “Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21
    Gradients Are Independent of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.”
    <i>Frontiers in Immunology</i>, vol. 12, 630002, Frontiers, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002">10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002</a>.
  short: K. Vaahtomeri, C. Moussion, R. Hauschild, M.K. Sixt, Frontiers in Immunology
    12 (2021).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2021-03-21T23:01:20Z
date_published: 2021-02-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:42:07Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630002
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000627134400001'
  pmid:
  - '33717158'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 663f5a48375e42afa4bfef58d42ec186
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
  date_updated: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
  file_id: '9277'
  file_name: 2021_FrontiersImmumo_Vaahtomeri.pdf
  file_size: 3740146
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-03-22T12:08:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '724373'
  name: Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients
- _id: 25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: Y 564-B12
  name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
publication: Frontiers in Immunology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1664-3224
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Shape and function of interstitial chemokine CCL21 gradients are independent
  of heparan sulfates produced by lymphatic endothelium
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '1599'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to
    as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known
    to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. Here we show that
    CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary
    lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. This modification is essential for
    the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21. As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking
    is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed
    lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Structure-function
    analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited
    conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. Thus, we
    describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic
    basis.\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: 'We thank S. Schüchner and E. Ogris for kindly providing the antibody
  to GFP, M. Helmbrecht and A. Huber for providing Nrp2−/− mice, the IST Scientific
  Support Facilities for excellent services, and J. Renkawitz and K. Vaahtomeri for
  critically reading the manuscript. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Kiermaier, Eva
  id: 3EB04B78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kiermaier
  orcid: 0000-0001-6165-5738
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Christopher
  full_name: Veldkamp, Christopher
  last_name: Veldkamp
- first_name: Rita
  full_name: Gerardy  Schahn, Rita
  last_name: Gerardy  Schahn
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
  id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Larry
  full_name: Williams, Larry
  last_name: Williams
- first_name: Gary
  full_name: Chaffee, Gary
  last_name: Chaffee
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Phillips, Andrew
  last_name: Phillips
- first_name: Friedrich
  full_name: Freiberger, Friedrich
  last_name: Freiberger
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Imre, Richard
  last_name: Imre
- first_name: Deni
  full_name: Taleski, Deni
  last_name: Taleski
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Payne, Richard
  last_name: Payne
- first_name: Asolina
  full_name: Braun, Asolina
  last_name: Braun
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Förster, Reinhold
  last_name: Förster
- first_name: Karl
  full_name: Mechtler, Karl
  last_name: Mechtler
- first_name: Martina
  full_name: Mühlenhoff, Martina
  last_name: Mühlenhoff
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Volkman, Brian
  last_name: Volkman
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Kiermaier E, Moussion C, Veldkamp C, et al. Polysialylation controls dendritic
    cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. <i>Science</i>. 2016;351(6269):186-190.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512">10.1126/science.aad0512</a>
  apa: Kiermaier, E., Moussion, C., Veldkamp, C., Gerardy  Schahn, R., de Vries, I.,
    Williams, L., … Sixt, M. K. (2016). Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking
    by regulating chemokine recognition. <i>Science</i>. American Association for
    the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512</a>
  chicago: Kiermaier, Eva, Christine Moussion, Christopher Veldkamp, Rita Gerardy 
    Schahn, Ingrid de Vries, Larry Williams, Gary Chaffee, et al. “Polysialylation
    Controls Dendritic Cell Trafficking by Regulating Chemokine Recognition.” <i>Science</i>.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512</a>.
  ieee: E. Kiermaier <i>et al.</i>, “Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking
    by regulating chemokine recognition,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 351, no. 6269. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 186–190, 2016.
  ista: Kiermaier E, Moussion C, Veldkamp C, Gerardy  Schahn R, de Vries I, Williams
    L, Chaffee G, Phillips A, Freiberger F, Imre R, Taleski D, Payne R, Braun A, Förster
    R, Mechtler K, Mühlenhoff M, Volkman B, Sixt MK. 2016. Polysialylation controls
    dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. Science. 351(6269),
    186–190.
  mla: Kiermaier, Eva, et al. “Polysialylation Controls Dendritic Cell Trafficking
    by Regulating Chemokine Recognition.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 351, no. 6269, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016, pp. 186–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512">10.1126/science.aad0512</a>.
  short: E. Kiermaier, C. Moussion, C. Veldkamp, R. Gerardy  Schahn, I. de Vries,
    L. Williams, G. Chaffee, A. Phillips, F. Freiberger, R. Imre, D. Taleski, R. Payne,
    A. Braun, R. Förster, K. Mechtler, M. Mühlenhoff, B. Volkman, M.K. Sixt, Science
    351 (2016) 186–190.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:57Z
date_published: 2016-01-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-18T11:01:30Z
day: '08'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1126/science.aad0512
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000367806500045'
  pmid:
  - '26657283'
intvolume: '       351'
isi: 1
issue: '6269'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5583642/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 186 - 190
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '281556'
  name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
- _id: 25A76F58-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '289720'
  name: Stromal Cell-immune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease
- _id: 25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: Y 564-B12
  name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '5570'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine
  recognition
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 351
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '2214'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A hallmark of immune cell trafficking is directional guidance via gradients
    of soluble or surface bound chemokines. Vascular endothelial cells produce, transport
    and deposit either their own chemokines or chemokines produced by the underlying
    stroma. Endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) was suggested to be a critical scaffold
    for these chemokine pools, but it is unclear how steep chemokine gradients are
    sustained between the lumenal and ablumenal aspects of blood vessels. Addressing
    this question by semi-quantitative immunostaining of HS moieties around blood
    vessels with a pan anti-HS IgM mAb, we found a striking HS enrichment in the basal
    lamina of resting and inflamed post capillary skin venules, as well as in high
    endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymph nodes. Staining of skin vessels with a glycocalyx
    probe further suggested that their lumenal glycocalyx contains much lower HS density
    than their basolateral extracellular matrix (ECM). This polarized HS pattern was
    observed also in isolated resting and inflamed microvascular dermal cells. Notably,
    progressive skin inflammation resulted in massive ECM deposition and in further
    HS enrichment around skin post capillary venules and their associated pericytes.
    Inflammation-dependent HS enrichment was not compromised in mice deficient in
    the main HS degrading enzyme, heparanase. Our results suggest that the blood vasculature
    patterns steep gradients of HS scaffolds between their lumenal and basolateral
    endothelial aspects, and that inflammatory processes can further enrich the HS
    content nearby inflamed vessels. We propose that chemokine gradients between the
    lumenal and ablumenal sides of vessels could be favored by these sharp HS scaffold
    gradients.
acknowledgement: Michael Sixt's research is supported by the European Research Council
  (ERC Starting grant).
article_number: e85699
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Liat
  full_name: Stoler Barak, Liat
  last_name: Stoler Barak
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Elias
  full_name: Shezen, Elias
  last_name: Shezen
- first_name: Miki
  full_name: Hatzav, Miki
  last_name: Hatzav
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
- first_name: Ronen
  full_name: Alon, Ronen
  last_name: Alon
citation:
  ama: Stoler Barak L, Moussion C, Shezen E, Hatzav M, Sixt MK, Alon R. Blood vessels
    pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral aspects.
    <i>PLoS One</i>. 2014;9(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699">10.1371/journal.pone.0085699</a>
  apa: Stoler Barak, L., Moussion, C., Shezen, E., Hatzav, M., Sixt, M. K., &#38;
    Alon, R. (2014). Blood vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their
    apical and basolateral aspects. <i>PLoS One</i>. Public Library of Science. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699</a>
  chicago: Stoler Barak, Liat, Christine Moussion, Elias Shezen, Miki Hatzav, Michael
    K Sixt, and Ronen Alon. “Blood Vessels Pattern Heparan Sulfate Gradients between
    Their Apical and Basolateral Aspects.” <i>PLoS One</i>. Public Library of Science,
    2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699</a>.
  ieee: L. Stoler Barak, C. Moussion, E. Shezen, M. Hatzav, M. K. Sixt, and R. Alon,
    “Blood vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral
    aspects,” <i>PLoS One</i>, vol. 9, no. 1. Public Library of Science, 2014.
  ista: Stoler Barak L, Moussion C, Shezen E, Hatzav M, Sixt MK, Alon R. 2014. Blood
    vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral
    aspects. PLoS One. 9(1), e85699.
  mla: Stoler Barak, Liat, et al. “Blood Vessels Pattern Heparan Sulfate Gradients
    between Their Apical and Basolateral Aspects.” <i>PLoS One</i>, vol. 9, no. 1,
    e85699, Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085699">10.1371/journal.pone.0085699</a>.
  short: L. Stoler Barak, C. Moussion, E. Shezen, M. Hatzav, M.K. Sixt, R. Alon, PLoS
    One 9 (2014).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:56:22Z
date_published: 2014-01-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-29T11:30:42Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085699
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000330283100061'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 84a8033bda2e07e39405f5acc85f4eca
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:07:48Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:33Z
  file_id: '4646'
  file_name: IST-2016-433-v1+1_journal.pone.0085699.pdf
  file_size: 12634775
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:33Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25A76F58-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '289720'
  name: Stromal Cell-immune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease
publication: PLoS One
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '4756'
pubrep_id: '433'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Blood vessels pattern heparan sulfate gradients between their apical and basolateral
  aspects
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 9
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '2830'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Moussion C, Sixt MK. A conduit to amplify innate immunity. <i>Immunity</i>.
    2013;38(5):853-854. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005">10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005</a>
  apa: Moussion, C., &#38; Sixt, M. K. (2013). A conduit to amplify innate immunity.
    <i>Immunity</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005</a>
  chicago: Moussion, Christine, and Michael K Sixt. “A Conduit to Amplify Innate Immunity.”
    <i>Immunity</i>. Cell Press, 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005</a>.
  ieee: C. Moussion and M. K. Sixt, “A conduit to amplify innate immunity,” <i>Immunity</i>,
    vol. 38, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 853–854, 2013.
  ista: Moussion C, Sixt MK. 2013. A conduit to amplify innate immunity. Immunity.
    38(5), 853–854.
  mla: Moussion, Christine, and Michael K. Sixt. “A Conduit to Amplify Innate Immunity.”
    <i>Immunity</i>, vol. 38, no. 5, Cell Press, 2013, pp. 853–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005">10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005</a>.
  short: C. Moussion, M.K. Sixt, Immunity 38 (2013) 853–854.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:49Z
date_published: 2013-05-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-29T13:51:00Z
day: '23'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.005
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000330942500005'
intvolume: '        38'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 853 - 854
publication: Immunity
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '3969'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A conduit to amplify innate immunity
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 38
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '2839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Directional guidance of cells via gradients of chemokines is considered crucial
    for embryonic development, cancer dissemination, and immune responses. Nevertheless,
    the concept still lacks direct experimental confirmation in vivo. Here, we identify
    endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 within mouse skin and show that they
    guide dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. Quantitative imaging reveals depots
    of CCL21 within lymphatic endothelial cells and steeply decaying gradients within
    the perilymphatic interstitium. These gradients match the migratory patterns of
    the dendritic cells, which directionally approach vessels from a distance of up
    to 90-micrometers. Interstitial CCL21 is immobilized to heparan sulfates, and
    its experimental delocalization or swamping the endogenous gradients abolishes
    directed migration. These findings functionally establish the concept of haptotaxis,
    directed migration along immobilized gradients, in tissues.
acknowledgement: We thank M. Frank for technical assistance and S. Cremer, P. Schmalhorst,
  and E. Kiermaier for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported
  by a Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (to M.W.), the German Research
  Foundation (Si1323 1,2 to M.S.), the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP RGP0058/2011
  to M.S.), the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 to M.S.), and the Swiss
  National Science Foundation (31003A 127474 to D.F.L., 130488 to S.A.L.).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michele
  full_name: Weber, Michele
  id: 3A3FC708-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Weber
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Schwarz, Jan
  id: 346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schwarz
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
  id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Legler, Daniel
  last_name: Legler
- first_name: Sanjiv
  full_name: Luther, Sanjiv
  last_name: Luther
- first_name: Mark Tobias
  full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias
  id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bollenbach
  orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, et al. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance
    by haptotactic chemokine gradients. <i>Science</i>. 2013;339(6117):328-332. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">10.1126/science.1228456</a>
  apa: Weber, M., Hauschild, R., Schwarz, J., Moussion, C., de Vries, I., Legler,
    D., … Sixt, M. K. (2013). Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456</a>
  chicago: Weber, Michele, Robert Hauschild, Jan Schwarz, Christine Moussion, Ingrid
    de Vries, Daniel Legler, Sanjiv Luther, Mark Tobias Bollenbach, and Michael K
    Sixt. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic Chemokine Gradients.”
    <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456</a>.
  ieee: M. Weber <i>et al.</i>, “Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 339, no. 6117. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, pp. 328–332, 2013.
  ista: Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, Moussion C, de Vries I, Legler D, Luther
    S, Bollenbach MT, Sixt MK. 2013. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic
    chemokine gradients. Science. 339(6117), 328–332.
  mla: Weber, Michele, et al. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic
    Chemokine Gradients.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 339, no. 6117, American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2013, pp. 328–32, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456">10.1126/science.1228456</a>.
  short: M. Weber, R. Hauschild, J. Schwarz, C. Moussion, I. de Vries, D. Legler,
    S. Luther, M.T. Bollenbach, M.K. Sixt, Science 339 (2013) 328–332.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:52Z
date_published: 2013-01-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-29T13:45:52Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: MiSi
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1126/science.1228456
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000313622000047'
intvolume: '       339'
isi: 1
issue: '6117'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/26341/2/Weber_263418.pdf
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 328 - 332
project:
- _id: 25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '281556'
  name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
- _id: 25ABD200-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  grant_number: RGP0058/2011
  name: 'Cell migration in complex environments: from in vivo experiments to theoretical
    models'
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '3959'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 339
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '2945'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In search of foreign antigens, lymphocytes recirculate from the blood, through
    lymph nodes, into lymphatics and back to the blood. Dendritic cells also migrate
    to lymph nodes for optimal interaction with lymphocytes. This continuous trafficking
    of immune cells into and out of lymph nodes is essential for immune surveillance
    of foreign invaders. In this article, we review our current understanding of the
    functions of high endothelial venules (HEVs), stroma and lymphatics in the entry,
    positioning and exit of immune cells in lymph nodes during homeostasis, and we
    highlight the unexpected role of dendritic cells in the control of lymphocyte
    homing through HEVs.
acknowledgement: We thank M. Sixt and A. Peixoto for helpful comments on the manuscript.
  Work in the laboratory of J.-P.G. is supported by grants from Fondation ARC pour
  la Recherche sur le Cancer, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Institut National
  du Cancer (INCA), Fondation RITC and Région Midi-Pyrénées. Research by R.F. is supported
  by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants SFB621-A1, SFB738-B5, SFB587-B3,
  SFB900-B1 and KFO 250-FO 334/2-1. We regret that, owing to space limitations, we
  could not always quote the work of colleagues who have contributed to the field.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Girard, Jean
  last_name: Girard
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Moussion, Christine
  id: 3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Moussion
- first_name: Reinhold
  full_name: Förster, Reinhold
  last_name: Förster
citation:
  ama: Girard J, Moussion C, Förster R. HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell
    trafficking in lymph nodes. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. 2012;12(11):762-773.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298">10.1038/nri3298</a>
  apa: Girard, J., Moussion, C., &#38; Förster, R. (2012). HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic
    immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. Nature
    Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298">https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298</a>
  chicago: Girard, Jean, Christine Moussion, and Reinhold Förster. “HEVs, Lymphatics
    and Homeostatic Immune Cell Trafficking in Lymph Nodes.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298">https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298</a>.
  ieee: J. Girard, C. Moussion, and R. Förster, “HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic
    immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes,” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol.
    12, no. 11. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 762–773, 2012.
  ista: Girard J, Moussion C, Förster R. 2012. HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune
    cell trafficking in lymph nodes. Nature Reviews Immunology. 12(11), 762–773.
  mla: Girard, Jean, et al. “HEVs, Lymphatics and Homeostatic Immune Cell Trafficking
    in Lymph Nodes.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol. 12, no. 11, Nature Publishing
    Group, 2012, pp. 762–73, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3298">10.1038/nri3298</a>.
  short: J. Girard, C. Moussion, R. Förster, Nature Reviews Immunology 12 (2012) 762–773.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:29Z
date_published: 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T08:12:46Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/nri3298
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000310523400010'
intvolume: '        12'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 762 - 773
publication: Nature Reviews Immunology
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '3787'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 12
year: '2012'
...