--- _id: '14058' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Females and males across species are subject to divergent selective pressures arising\r\nfrom di↵erent reproductive interests and ecological niches. This often translates into a\r\nintricate array of sex-specific natural and sexual selection on traits that have a shared\r\ngenetic basis between both sexes, causing a genetic sexual conflict. The resolution of\r\nthis conflict mostly relies on the evolution of sex-specific expression of the shared genes,\r\nleading to phenotypic sexual dimorphism. Such sex-specific gene expression is thought\r\nto evolve via modifications of the genetic networks ultimately linked to sex-determining\r\ntranscription factors. Although much empirical and theoretical evidence supports this\r\nstandard picture of the molecular basis of sexual conflict resolution, there still are a\r\nfew open questions regarding the complex array of selective forces driving phenotypic\r\ndi↵erentiation between the sexes, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying sexspecific adaptation. I address some of these open questions in my PhD thesis.\r\nFirst, how do patterns of phenotypic sexual dimorphism vary within populations,\r\nas a response to the temporal and spatial changes in sex-specific selective forces? To\r\ntackle this question, I analyze the patterns of sex-specific phenotypic variation along\r\nthree life stages and across populations spanning the whole geographical range of Rumex\r\nhastatulus, a wind-pollinated angiosperm, in the first Chapter of the thesis.\r\nSecond, how do gene expression patterns lead to phenotypic dimorphism, and what\r\nare the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed transcriptomic variation? I\r\naddress this question by examining the sex- and tissue-specific expression variation in\r\nnewly-generated datasets of sex-specific expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila\r\nmelanogaster. I additionally used two complementary approaches for the study of the\r\ngenetic basis of sex di↵erences in gene expression in the second and third Chapters of\r\nthe thesis.\r\nThird, how does intersex correlation, thought to be one of the main aspects constraining the ability for the two sexes to decouple, interact with the evolution of sexual\r\ndimorphism? I develop models of sex-specific stabilizing selection, mutation and drift\r\nto formalize common intuition regarding the patterns of covariation between intersex\r\ncorrelation and sexual dimorphism in the fourth Chapter of the thesis.\r\nAlltogether, the work described in this PhD thesis provides useful insights into the\r\nlinks between genetic, transcriptomic and phenotypic layers of sex-specific variation,\r\nand contributes to our general understanding of the dynamics of sexual dimorphism\r\nevolution." alternative_title: - ISTA Thesis article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 citation: ama: 'Puixeu Sala G. The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism: Experimental and theoretical characterization of phenotypic, transcriptomic and genetic patterns of sex-specific adaptation. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:14058' apa: 'Puixeu Sala, G. (2023). The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism: Experimental and theoretical characterization of phenotypic, transcriptomic and genetic patterns of sex-specific adaptation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14058' chicago: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma. “The Molecular Basis of Sexual Dimorphism: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Phenotypic, Transcriptomic and Genetic Patterns of Sex-Specific Adaptation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14058.' ieee: 'G. Puixeu Sala, “The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism: Experimental and theoretical characterization of phenotypic, transcriptomic and genetic patterns of sex-specific adaptation,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.' ista: 'Puixeu Sala G. 2023. The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism: Experimental and theoretical characterization of phenotypic, transcriptomic and genetic patterns of sex-specific adaptation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.' mla: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma. The Molecular Basis of Sexual Dimorphism: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Phenotypic, Transcriptomic and Genetic Patterns of Sex-Specific Adaptation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/at:ista:14058.' short: 'G. Puixeu Sala, The Molecular Basis of Sexual Dimorphism: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Phenotypic, Transcriptomic and Genetic Patterns of Sex-Specific Adaptation, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.' date_created: 2023-08-15T10:20:40Z date_published: 2023-08-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-12-13T12:15:36Z day: '15' ddc: - '576' degree_awarded: PhD department: - _id: GradSch - _id: NiBa - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/at:ista:14058 ec_funded: 1 file: - access_level: closed checksum: 4e44e169f2724ee8c9324cd60bcc2b71 content_type: application/zip creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-08-16T18:15:17Z date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:55:24Z file_id: '14075' file_name: Thesis_latex_forpdfa.zip file_size: 10891454 relation: source_file - access_level: open_access checksum: e10b04cd8f3fecc0d9ef6e6868b6e1e8 content_type: application/pdf creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-08-18T10:47:55Z date_updated: 2023-08-18T10:47:55Z file_id: '14079' file_name: PhDThesis_PuixeuG.pdf file_size: 19856686 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-08-18T10:47:55Z has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: '230' project: - _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '665385' name: International IST Doctoral Program - _id: 9B9DFC9E-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A grant_number: '25817' name: 'Sexual conflict: resolution, constraints and biomedical implications' publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-3-99078-035-0 issn: - 2663-337X publication_status: published publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '9803' relation: research_data status: public - id: '12933' relation: research_data status: public - id: '6831' relation: part_of_dissertation status: public - id: '14077' relation: part_of_dissertation status: public status: public supervisor: - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 title: 'The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism: Experimental and theoretical characterization of phenotypic, transcriptomic and genetic patterns of sex-specific adaptation' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: dissertation user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14077' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The regulatory architecture of gene expression is known to differ substantially between sexes in Drosophila, but most studies performed\r\nso far used whole-body data and only single crosses, which may have limited their scope to detect patterns that are robust across tissues\r\nand biological replicates. Here, we use allele-specific gene expression of parental and reciprocal hybrid crosses between 6 Drosophila\r\nmelanogaster inbred lines to quantify cis- and trans-regulatory variation in heads and gonads of both sexes separately across 3 replicate\r\ncrosses. Our results suggest that female and male heads, as well as ovaries, have a similar regulatory architecture. On the other hand,\r\ntestes display more and substantially different cis-regulatory effects, suggesting that sex differences in the regulatory architecture that\r\nhave been previously observed may largely derive from testis-specific effects. We also examine the difference in cis-regulatory variation\r\nof genes across different levels of sex bias in gonads and heads. Consistent with the idea that intersex correlations constrain expression\r\nand can lead to sexual antagonism, we find more cis variation in unbiased and moderately biased genes in heads. In ovaries, reduced cis\r\nvariation is observed for male-biased genes, suggesting that cis variants acting on these genes in males do not lead to changes in ovary\r\nexpression. Finally, we examine the dominance patterns of gene expression and find that sex- and tissue-specific patterns of inheritance\r\nas well as trans-regulatory variation are highly variable across biological crosses, although these were performed in highly controlled\r\nexperimental conditions. This highlights the importance of using various genetic backgrounds to infer generalizable patterns." acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: We thank members of the Vicoso Group for comments on the manuscript, the Scientific Computing Unit at ISTA for technical support, and 2 anonymous reviewers for useful feedback. GP is the recipient of a DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (DOC 25817) and received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant (agreement no. 665385). article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 - first_name: Ariana full_name: Macon, Ariana id: 2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Macon - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: 'Puixeu Sala G, Macon A, Vicoso B. Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 2023;13(8). doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkad121' apa: 'Puixeu Sala, G., Macon, A., & Vicoso, B. (2023). Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad121' chicago: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, Ariana Macon, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Sex-Specific Estimation of Cis and Trans Regulation of Gene Expression in Heads and Gonads of Drosophila Melanogaster.” G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad121.' ieee: 'G. Puixeu Sala, A. Macon, and B. Vicoso, “Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster,” G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, vol. 13, no. 8. Oxford University Press, 2023.' ista: 'Puixeu Sala G, Macon A, Vicoso B. 2023. Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 13(8).' mla: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, et al. “Sex-Specific Estimation of Cis and Trans Regulation of Gene Expression in Heads and Gonads of Drosophila Melanogaster.” G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, vol. 13, no. 8, Oxford University Press, 2023, doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkad121.' short: 'G. Puixeu Sala, A. Macon, B. Vicoso, G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 13 (2023).' date_created: 2023-08-18T06:52:14Z date_published: 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-12-13T12:15:37Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi - _id: NiBa - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad121 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001002997200001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: c62e29fc7c5efbf8356f4c60cab4a2d1 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2023-11-07T09:00:19Z date_updated: 2023-11-07T09:00:19Z file_id: '14498' file_name: 2023_G3_Puixeu.pdf file_size: 845642 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-11-07T09:00:19Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 13' isi: 1 issue: '8' keyword: - Genetics (clinical) - Genetics - Molecular Biology language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '665385' name: International IST Doctoral Program - _id: 9B9DFC9E-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A grant_number: '25817' name: 'Sexual conflict: resolution, constraints and biomedical implications' publication: 'G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics' publication_identifier: issn: - 2160-1836 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '12933' relation: research_data status: public - id: '14058' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 13 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '12933' abstract: - lang: eng text: Datasets of the publication "Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster". article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 citation: ama: 'Puixeu Sala G. Data from: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster. 2023. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933' apa: 'Puixeu Sala, G. (2023). Data from: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933' chicago: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma. “Data from: Sex-Specific Estimation of Cis and Trans Regulation of Gene Expression in Heads and Gonads of Drosophila Melanogaster.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933.' ieee: 'G. Puixeu Sala, “Data from: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.' ista: 'Puixeu Sala G. 2023. Data from: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933.' mla: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma. Data from: Sex-Specific Estimation of Cis and Trans Regulation of Gene Expression in Heads and Gonads of Drosophila Melanogaster. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933.' short: G. Puixeu Sala, (2023). contributor: - first_name: Ariana id: 2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Macon - first_name: Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 date_created: 2023-05-10T10:00:49Z date_published: 2023-05-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-12-13T12:15:36Z day: '15' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GradSch - _id: NiBa - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:12933 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0ba0bcd0bb8b18d84792136a4370df90 content_type: text/csv creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-05-10T09:41:43Z date_updated: 2023-05-10T09:41:43Z file_id: '12934' file_name: Dataset_S1.csv file_size: 8029982 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: a62aa9a6d4904e0fdb699cf752640863 content_type: text/csv creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-05-10T09:41:43Z date_updated: 2023-05-10T09:41:43Z file_id: '12935' file_name: Dataset_S2.csv file_size: 13667640 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: e20ea7f4f8a9bdf1b3849a44664ae58b content_type: text/csv creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-05-10T09:41:48Z date_updated: 2023-05-10T09:41:48Z file_id: '12936' file_name: Dataset_S3.csv file_size: 8369141 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: f6156e5fc44446c907ddd0d7289d4cf8 content_type: text/csv creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-05-10T09:41:50Z date_updated: 2023-05-10T09:41:50Z file_id: '12937' file_name: Dataset_S4.csv file_size: 19543247 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: ae9f54c77a1c42b666ae6c1dfd33ac86 content_type: text/plain creator: gpuixeus date_created: 2023-05-11T12:50:18Z date_updated: 2023-05-11T12:50:18Z file_id: '12944' file_name: readme.txt file_size: 4566 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-05-11T12:50:18Z has_accepted_license: '1' month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '14058' relation: used_in_publication status: public - id: '14077' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: 'Data from: Sex-specific estimation of cis and trans regulation of gene expression in heads and gonads of Drosophila melanogaster' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '6831' abstract: - lang: eng text: "* Understanding the mechanisms causing phenotypic differences between females and males has long fascinated evolutionary biologists. An extensive literature exists on animal sexual dimorphism but less information is known about sex differences in plants, particularly the extent of geographical variation in sexual dimorphism and its life‐cycle dynamics.\r\n* Here, we investigated patterns of genetically based sexual dimorphism in vegetative and reproductive traits of a wind‐pollinated dioecious plant, Rumex hastatulus, across three life‐cycle stages using open‐pollinated families from 30 populations spanning the geographic range and chromosomal variation (XY and XY1Y2) of the species.\r\n* The direction and degree of sexual dimorphism was highly variable among populations and life‐cycle stages. Sex‐specific differences in reproductive function explained a significant amount of temporal change in sexual dimorphism. For several traits, geographical variation in sexual dimorphism was associated with bioclimatic parameters, likely due to the differential responses of the sexes to climate. We found no systematic differences in sexual dimorphism between chromosome races.\r\n* Sex‐specific trait differences in dioecious plants largely result from a balance between sexual and natural selection on resource allocation. Our results indicate that abiotic factors associated with geographical context also play a role in modifying sexual dimorphism during the plant life‐cycle." article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 - first_name: Melinda full_name: Pickup, Melinda id: 2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Pickup orcid: 0000-0001-6118-0541 - first_name: David full_name: Field, David last_name: Field orcid: 0000-0002-4014-8478 - first_name: Spencer C.H. full_name: Barrett, Spencer C.H. last_name: Barrett citation: ama: 'Puixeu Sala G, Pickup M, Field D, Barrett SCH. Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: The influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics. New Phytologist. 2019;224(3):1108-1120. doi:10.1111/nph.16050' apa: 'Puixeu Sala, G., Pickup, M., Field, D., & Barrett, S. C. H. (2019). Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: The influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics. New Phytologist. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16050' chicago: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, Melinda Pickup, David Field, and Spencer C.H. Barrett. “Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in a Wind-Pollinated Plant: The Influence of Geographical Context and Life-Cycle Dynamics.” New Phytologist. Wiley, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16050.' ieee: 'G. Puixeu Sala, M. Pickup, D. Field, and S. C. H. Barrett, “Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: The influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics,” New Phytologist, vol. 224, no. 3. Wiley, pp. 1108–1120, 2019.' ista: 'Puixeu Sala G, Pickup M, Field D, Barrett SCH. 2019. Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: The influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics. New Phytologist. 224(3), 1108–1120.' mla: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, et al. “Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in a Wind-Pollinated Plant: The Influence of Geographical Context and Life-Cycle Dynamics.” New Phytologist, vol. 224, no. 3, Wiley, 2019, pp. 1108–20, doi:10.1111/nph.16050.' short: G. Puixeu Sala, M. Pickup, D. Field, S.C.H. Barrett, New Phytologist 224 (2019) 1108–1120. date_created: 2019-08-25T22:00:51Z date_published: 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-29T07:17:07Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: NiBa - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1111/nph.16050 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000481376500001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 6370e7567d96b7b562e77d8b89653f80 content_type: application/pdf creator: apreinsp date_created: 2019-08-27T12:44:54Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:42Z file_id: '6833' file_name: 2019_NewPhytologist_Puixeu.pdf file_size: 2314016 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:42Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 224' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1108-1120 project: - _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '665385' name: International IST Doctoral Program publication: New Phytologist publication_identifier: eissn: - 1469-8137 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '9803' relation: research_data status: public - id: '14058' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: The influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 224 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '9803' abstract: - lang: eng text: Understanding the mechanisms causing phenotypic differences between females and males has long fascinated evolutionary biologists. An extensive literature exists on animal sexual dimorphism but less is known about sex differences in plants, particularly the extent of geographical variation in sexual dimorphism and its life-cycle dynamics. Here, we investigate patterns of genetically-based sexual dimorphism in vegetative and reproductive traits of a wind-pollinated dioecious plant, Rumex hastatulus, across three life-cycle stages using open-pollinated families from 30 populations spanning the geographic range and chromosomal variation (XY and XY1Y2) of the species. The direction and degree of sexual dimorphism was highly variable among populations and life-cycle stages. Sex-specific differences in reproductive function explained a significant amount of temporal change in sexual dimorphism. For several traits, geographical variation in sexual dimorphism was associated with bioclimatic parameters, likely due to the differential responses of the sexes to climate. We found no systematic differences in sexual dimorphism between chromosome races. Sex-specific trait differences in dioecious plants largely result from a balance between sexual and natural selection on resource allocation. Our results indicate that abiotic factors associated with geographical context also play a role in modifying sexual dimorphism during the plant life cycle. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 - first_name: Melinda full_name: Pickup, Melinda id: 2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Pickup orcid: 0000-0001-6118-0541 - first_name: David full_name: Field, David last_name: Field - first_name: Spencer C.H. full_name: Barrett, Spencer C.H. last_name: Barrett citation: ama: 'Puixeu Sala G, Pickup M, Field D, Barrett SCH. Data from: Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics. 2019. doi:10.5061/dryad.n1701c9' apa: 'Puixeu Sala, G., Pickup, M., Field, D., & Barrett, S. C. H. (2019). Data from: Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n1701c9' chicago: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, Melinda Pickup, David Field, and Spencer C.H. Barrett. “Data from: Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in a Wind-Pollinated Plant: The Influence of Geographical Context and Life-Cycle Dynamics.” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n1701c9.' ieee: 'G. Puixeu Sala, M. Pickup, D. Field, and S. C. H. Barrett, “Data from: Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics.” Dryad, 2019.' ista: 'Puixeu Sala G, Pickup M, Field D, Barrett SCH. 2019. Data from: Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.n1701c9.' mla: 'Puixeu Sala, Gemma, et al. Data from: Variation in Sexual Dimorphism in a Wind-Pollinated Plant: The Influence of Geographical Context and Life-Cycle Dynamics. Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/dryad.n1701c9.' short: G. Puixeu Sala, M. Pickup, D. Field, S.C.H. Barrett, (2019). date_created: 2021-08-06T11:48:42Z date_published: 2019-07-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-29T07:17:07Z day: '22' department: - _id: NiBa - _id: BeVi doi: 10.5061/dryad.n1701c9 main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n1701c9 month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Dryad related_material: record: - id: '14058' relation: used_in_publication status: public - id: '6831' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: 'Data from: Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind-pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life-cycle dynamics' type: research_data_reference user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf year: '2019' ... --- _id: '6089' abstract: - lang: eng text: Pleiotropy is the well-established idea that a single mutation affects multiple phenotypes. If a mutation has opposite effects on fitness when expressed in different contexts, then genetic conflict arises. Pleiotropic conflict is expected to reduce the efficacy of selection by limiting the fixation of beneficial mutations through adaptation, and the removal of deleterious mutations through purifying selection. Although this has been widely discussed, in particular in the context of a putative “gender load,” it has yet to be systematically quantified. In this work, we empirically estimate to which extent different pleiotropic regimes impede the efficacy of selection in Drosophila melanogaster. We use whole-genome polymorphism data from a single African population and divergence data from D. simulans to estimate the fraction of adaptive fixations (α), the rate of adaptation (ωA), and the direction of selection (DoS). After controlling for confounding covariates, we find that the different pleiotropic regimes have a relatively small, but significant, effect on selection efficacy. Specifically, our results suggest that pleiotropic sexual antagonism may restrict the efficacy of selection, but that this conflict can be resolved by limiting the expression of genes to the sex where they are beneficial. Intermediate levels of pleiotropy across tissues and life stages can also lead to maladaptation in D. melanogaster, due to inefficient purifying selection combined with low frequency of mutations that confer a selective advantage. Thus, our study highlights the need to consider the efficacy of selection in the context of antagonistic pleiotropy, and of genetic conflict in general. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Christelle full_name: Fraisse, Christelle id: 32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fraisse orcid: 0000-0001-8441-5075 - first_name: Gemma full_name: Puixeu Sala, Gemma id: 33AB266C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Puixeu Sala orcid: 0000-0001-8330-1754 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Fraisse C, Puixeu Sala G, Vicoso B. Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in drosophila melanogaster. Molecular biology and evolution. 2019;36(3):500-515. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy246 apa: Fraisse, C., Puixeu Sala, G., & Vicoso, B. (2019). Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy246 chicago: Fraisse, Christelle, Gemma Puixeu Sala, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Pleiotropy Modulates the Efficacy of Selection in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy246. ieee: C. Fraisse, G. Puixeu Sala, and B. Vicoso, “Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in drosophila melanogaster,” Molecular biology and evolution, vol. 36, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 500–515, 2019. ista: Fraisse C, Puixeu Sala G, Vicoso B. 2019. Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in drosophila melanogaster. Molecular biology and evolution. 36(3), 500–515. mla: Fraisse, Christelle, et al. “Pleiotropy Modulates the Efficacy of Selection in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 36, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 500–15, doi:10.1093/molbev/msy246. short: C. Fraisse, G. Puixeu Sala, B. Vicoso, Molecular Biology and Evolution 36 (2019) 500–515. date_created: 2019-03-10T22:59:19Z date_published: 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-21T13:59:17Z day: '01' department: - _id: BeVi - _id: NiBa doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy246 external_id: isi: - '000462585100006' pmid: - '30590559' intvolume: ' 36' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30590559 month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version page: 500-515 pmid: 1 project: - _id: 250ED89C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: P28842-B22 name: Sex chromosome evolution under male- and female- heterogamety publication: Molecular biology and evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1537-1719 issn: - 0737-4038 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '5757' relation: popular_science status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Pleiotropy modulates the efficacy of selection in drosophila melanogaster type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 36 year: '2019' ...