[{"publisher":"Wiley","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Botifoll, Marc, et al. “Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Workflow for Transmission Electron Microscopy: From Data Analysis Automation to Materials Knowledge Unveiling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, e06785, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785\">10.1002/adma.202506785</a>.","short":"M. Botifoll, I. Pinto-Huguet, E. Rotunno, T. Galvani, C. Coll, P.H. Kavkani, M.C. Spadaro, Y.M. Niquet, M.B. Eriksen, S. Martí-Sánchez, G. Katsaros, G. Scappucci, P. Krogstrup, G. Isella, A. Cabot, G. Merino, P. Ordejón, S. Roche, V. Grillo, J. Arbiol, Advanced Materials (2025).","ieee":"M. Botifoll <i>et al.</i>, “Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2025.","ista":"Botifoll M, Pinto-Huguet I, Rotunno E, Galvani T, Coll C, Kavkani PH, Spadaro MC, Niquet YM, Eriksen MB, Martí-Sánchez S, Katsaros G, Scappucci G, Krogstrup P, Isella G, Cabot A, Merino G, Ordejón P, Roche S, Grillo V, Arbiol J. 2025. Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling. Advanced Materials., e06785.","chicago":"Botifoll, Marc, Ivan Pinto-Huguet, Enzo Rotunno, Thomas Galvani, Catalina Coll, Payam Habibzadeh Kavkani, Maria Chiara Spadaro, et al. “Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Workflow for Transmission Electron Microscopy: From Data Analysis Automation to Materials Knowledge Unveiling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785</a>.","apa":"Botifoll, M., Pinto-Huguet, I., Rotunno, E., Galvani, T., Coll, C., Kavkani, P. H., … Arbiol, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785</a>","ama":"Botifoll M, Pinto-Huguet I, Rotunno E, et al. Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785\">10.1002/adma.202506785</a>"},"ddc":["530"],"day":"22","_id":"20594","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-01T15:12:53Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"text":"(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has significantly advanced materials science but faces challenges in correlating precise atomic structure information with the functional properties of devices due to its time-intensive nature. To address this, an analytical workflow is introduced for the holistic characterization, modelling, and simulation of device heterostructures. This workflow automates the experimental (S)TEM data analysis, providing an in-depth characterization of crystallographic information, 3D orientation, elemental composition, and strain distribution. It reduces a process that typically takes days for a trained human into an automatic routine solved in minutes. Utilizing a physics-guided artificial intelligence model, it generates representative descriptions of materials and samples. The workflow culminates in creating digital twins of systems limited with at least one axis of translational invariance –3D finite element and atomic models of millions of atoms–enabling simulations that provide crucial insights into device behavior in practical applications. Demonstrated with SiGe planar heterostructures for scalable spin qubits, the workflow links digital twins to theoretical properties, revealing how atomic structure impacts materials and functional properties such as spatially-resolved phononic or electronic characteristics, or (inverse) spin orbit lengths. The versatility of the workflow is demonstrated through its application to a wide array of materials systems, device configurations, and sample morphologies.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001597428400001"],"arxiv":["2411.01024"]},"date_created":"2025-11-02T23:01:35Z","title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling","author":[{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","last_name":"Botifoll","first_name":"Marc"},{"full_name":"Pinto-Huguet, Ivan","last_name":"Pinto-Huguet","first_name":"Ivan"},{"full_name":"Rotunno, Enzo","last_name":"Rotunno","first_name":"Enzo"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Galvani","full_name":"Galvani, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Catalina","last_name":"Coll","full_name":"Coll, Catalina"},{"full_name":"Kavkani, Payam Habibzadeh","first_name":"Payam Habibzadeh","last_name":"Kavkani"},{"full_name":"Spadaro, Maria Chiara","first_name":"Maria Chiara","last_name":"Spadaro"},{"full_name":"Niquet, Yann Michel","first_name":"Yann Michel","last_name":"Niquet"},{"first_name":"Martin Børstad","last_name":"Eriksen","full_name":"Eriksen, Martin Børstad"},{"last_name":"Martí-Sánchez","first_name":"Sara","full_name":"Martí-Sánchez, Sara"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Giordano","last_name":"Scappucci","full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Krogstrup","full_name":"Krogstrup, Peter"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Cabot, Andreu","first_name":"Andreu","last_name":"Cabot"},{"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Merino","full_name":"Merino, Gonzalo"},{"full_name":"Ordejón, Pablo","last_name":"Ordejón","first_name":"Pablo"},{"full_name":"Roche, Stephan","last_name":"Roche","first_name":"Stephan"},{"full_name":"Grillo, Vincenzo","last_name":"Grillo","first_name":"Vincenzo"},{"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","date_published":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","article_number":"e06785","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"epub_ahead","publication":"Advanced Materials","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"],"eissn":["1521-4095"]},"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"ICN2 acknowledged funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457, 2021SGR00997 and 2021SGR01519. The authors thank support from the project AMaDE (PID2023-149158OB-C43), funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. This study was part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat de Catalunya (In-CAEM Project). The authors acknowledged support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work had been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 was supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN / AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and was funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work had been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. I.P.H. acknowledged funding from AGAUR-FI scholarship (2023FI-00268) Joan Oró of the Secretariat of Universities of the Generalitat of Catalonia and the European SocialPlus Fund. M.B. acknowledged support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. This study was supported by EU HORIZON INFRA TECH 2022 project IMPRESS (Ref.: 101094299). Authors acknowledged the use of instrumentation as well as the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledged funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 was a founding member of e-DREAM.[135] S.R. was also supported by MICIN with European funds NextGenerationEU (PRTRC17.I1) funded by Generalitat de Catalunya. P.O. acknowledged support from the EU MaX CoE (Grant No. 101093374), Grants No. PCI2022-134972-2 and No. PID2022-139776NB-C62 funded by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the ERDF, A way of making Europe.The authors thank the Catalan Quantum Academy for support. The authors acknowledged Dámaso Torres for his support in designing the graphical material.","isi":1,"arxiv":1,"month":"10","doi":"10.1002/adma.202506785","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2025","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"}},{"title":"All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning","author":[{"full_name":"Van Straaten, Barnaby","last_name":"Van Straaten","first_name":"Barnaby"},{"full_name":"Fedele, Federico","last_name":"Fedele","first_name":"Federico"},{"full_name":"Vigneau, Florian","first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Vigneau"},{"last_name":"Hickie","first_name":"Joseph","full_name":"Hickie, Joseph"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"},{"full_name":"Ares, Natalia","first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Ares"}],"date_created":"2025-12-07T23:02:01Z","project":[{"grant_number":"P30207","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo’s readout criterion in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively radio-frequency measurements, that is, without resorting to current measurements. We demonstrate an algorithm that performs automatic coarse tuning of double quantum dots with only radio-frequency measurements by exploiting their bandwidth and impedance matching. The tuning was completed within a few minutes with minimal prior knowledge about the device. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate the need for transport measurements for quantum-dot tuning, paving the way for more scalable device architectures.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-09T14:49:35Z","publication":"Physical Review Applied","file_date_updated":"2025-12-09T13:34:38Z","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"054030","date_published":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["530"],"citation":{"apa":"Van Straaten, B., Fedele, F., Vigneau, F., Hickie, J., Jirovec, D., Ballabio, A., … Ares, N. (2025). All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm\">https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>","ama":"Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Vigneau F, et al. All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2025;24(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm\">10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>","chicago":"Van Straaten, Barnaby, Federico Fedele, Florian Vigneau, Joseph Hickie, Daniel Jirovec, Andrea Ballabio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Georgios Katsaros, and Natalia Ares. “All-Rf-Based Coarse-Tuning Algorithm for Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm\">https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>.","ista":"Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Vigneau F, Hickie J, Jirovec D, Ballabio A, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G, Ares N. 2025. All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning. Physical Review Applied. 24(5), 054030.","short":"B. Van Straaten, F. Fedele, F. Vigneau, J. Hickie, D. Jirovec, A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, N. Ares, Physical Review Applied 24 (2025).","mla":"Van Straaten, Barnaby, et al. “All-Rf-Based Coarse-Tuning Algorithm for Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, no. 5, 054030, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm\">10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>.","ieee":"B. Van Straaten <i>et al.</i>, “All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2025."},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        24","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","_id":"20730","day":"01","month":"11","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20748","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewApplied_vanStraaten.pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-09T13:34:38Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":5754118,"checksum":"9906b32c7e3c79ed13d05ef88ff15586","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-12-09T13:34:38Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"year":"2025","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20750","relation":"research_data"}]},"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"5","doi":"10.1103/v11m-dbhm","OA_place":"publisher","volume":24,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2331-7019"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank Nicholas Sim for providing help with the rf cavities and David Craig for his feedback on the paper. This work was supported by the Royal Society (URF-R1-191150), the EPSRC National Quantum Technology Hub in Networked Quantum Information Technology (EP/M013243/1), Quantum Technology Capital (EP/N014995/1), EPSRC Platform Grant (EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement 948932), the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the nanofabrication facility, the FWF-P 30207, and FWF-I 05060 projects, and Grant No. FQXi-IAF19-01 from the Foundational Questions Institute Fund, a donor-advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation.","type":"journal_article"},{"date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:34:51Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates."}],"project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515"},{"grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","grant_number":"101034413","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"FWF Open Access Fund"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001434774800001"],"arxiv":["2407.03079"],"pmid":["40025007"]},"date_created":"2025-03-16T23:01:23Z","title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors","author":[{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831"},{"full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","last_name":"Roux","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert"},{"last_name":"Borja Espinosa","first_name":"Carla N","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N"},{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425","full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid","first_name":"Abdulhamid","last_name":"Baghdadi"},{"full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"last_name":"Garzón Manjón","first_name":"Alba","full_name":"Garzón Manjón, Alba"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","first_name":"Jordi"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Pop, Ioan M.","last_name":"Pop","first_name":"Ioan M."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"OA_type":"gold","date_published":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_number":"2103","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"file_date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","publication":"Nature Communications","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 2103, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.","short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A. Garzón Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Garzón Manjón A, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. 2025. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. 16, 2103.","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.","ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>"},"ddc":["530"],"day":"01","_id":"19401","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        16","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"isi":1,"arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"03","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"18144","status":"public","relation":"earlier_version"},{"status":"public","id":"18886","relation":"research_data"}]},"year":"2025","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"19415","checksum":"a9383dd978ca2c50b7dded6c0bb2cd49","file_size":6364878,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_Janik.pdf","date_created":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","relation":"main_file"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"volume":16,"OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","APC_amount":"7068 EUR","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/P32235, https://doi.org/10.55776/I5060 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36507. For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. K.R. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Centre at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM60."},{"author":[{"first_name":"Lucky","last_name":"Kapoor","orcid":"0000-0001-8319-2148","id":"84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky"},{"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Ruzickova","id":"D2761128-D73D-11E9-A1BF-BA0DE6697425","full_name":"Ruzickova, Natalia"},{"id":"68AA0E5A-AFDA-11E9-9994-141DE6697425","full_name":"Zivadinovic, Predrag","first_name":"Predrag","last_name":"Zivadinovic"},{"full_name":"Leitner, Valentin","id":"4c665ce3-0016-11ec-bea0-e44de7a4fa3d","first_name":"Valentin","last_name":"Leitner"},{"id":"44A03D04-AEA4-11E9-B225-EA2DE6697425","full_name":"Sisak, Maria A","last_name":"Sisak","first_name":"Maria A"},{"last_name":"Mweka","first_name":"Cecelia N","full_name":"Mweka, Cecelia N","id":"2a69ab4b-896a-11ed-bdf8-cb8641cf2b21"},{"first_name":"Jeroen A","last_name":"Dobbelaere","id":"c15a5412-de82-11ed-b809-8dc1aa996e40","full_name":"Dobbelaere, Jeroen A"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"full_name":"Schanda, Paul","id":"7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-9350-7606","first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Schanda"}],"title":"Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings","date_created":"2025-11-23T23:01:39Z","project":[{"name":"IST Austria Open Access Fund","_id":"B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS. We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t CO2 eq.. For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about 2–3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t. We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a detailed comparison of train versus air travel – accounting for both direct and infrastructure-related emissions – we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance."}],"date_updated":"2026-06-10T08:45:11Z","publication":"Magnetic Resonance","file_date_updated":"2025-11-24T08:25:19Z","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"gold","ddc":["000"],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Kapoor, Lucky, et al. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel: The Case of NMR Meetings.” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, Copernicus Publications, 2025, pp. 243–56, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025\">10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>.","short":"L. Kapoor, N. Ruzickova, P. Zivadinovic, V. Leitner, M.A. Sisak, C.N. Mweka, J.A. Dobbelaere, G. Katsaros, P. Schanda, Magnetic Resonance 6 (2025) 243–256.","ieee":"L. Kapoor <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings,” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 6, no. 2. Copernicus Publications, pp. 243–256, 2025.","ista":"Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, Leitner V, Sisak MA, Mweka CN, Dobbelaere JA, Katsaros G, Schanda P. 2025. Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings. Magnetic Resonance. 6(2), 243–256.","chicago":"Kapoor, Lucky, Natalia Ruzickova, Predrag Zivadinovic, Valentin Leitner, Maria A Sisak, Cecelia N Mweka, Jeroen A Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros, and Paul Schanda. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel: The Case of NMR Meetings.” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025\">https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>.","apa":"Kapoor, L., Ruzickova, N., Zivadinovic, P., Leitner, V., Sisak, M. A., Mweka, C. N., … Schanda, P. (2025). Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings. <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. Copernicus Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025\">https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>","ama":"Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, et al. Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings. <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. 2025;6(2):243-256. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025\">10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>"},"publisher":"Copernicus Publications","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GaTk"},{"_id":"JoCs"},{"_id":"EvBe"},{"_id":"TaHa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"PaSc"}],"intvolume":"         6","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes","_id":"20664","day":"10","month":"11","DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"success":1,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20672","file_size":3081399,"checksum":"c63dd47b0e77f9451821436bb77d27c9","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-11-24T08:25:19Z","file_name":"2025_MagneticResonance_Kapoor.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-11-24T08:25:19Z"}],"oa":1,"year":"2025","page":"243-256","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"20242","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/carbon-footprint-of-conference-travel/","relation":"research_data","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"2","doi":"10.5194/mr-6-243-2025","OA_place":"publisher","volume":6,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2699-0016"]},"acknowledgement":"First and foremost, we are grateful to the conference organizers who have provided data, either in the form of tables or by pointing us to abstract books. We thank the reviewers and the handling editor (Gottfried Otting) for the careful reading and suggestions. This project emerged from an interactive course about energy and climate, held at IST Austria by Jeroen Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros and Paul Schanda. We are grateful to ISTA's Graduate School for enabling this interdisciplinary course and to all participating students. We thank the following persons for discussions and/or comments about the manuscript: Helene Van Melckebeke, Mei Hong, Jeff Hoch, Gottfried Otting and Matthias Ernst. For the preparation of the manuscript, AI tools have been used, namely for finding relevant literature (ChatGPT) and for correcting the text (Writefull, within Overleaf LaTeX).","APC_amount":"1260 EUR","type":"journal_article"},{"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022","issue":"2","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewResearch_Valentini.pdf","date_updated":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","checksum":"535351066e9c900340ef014893a09ac8","file_size":1977581,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19604","creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"year":"2025","DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"04","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA, through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the FWF Project with DOI10.55776/F86. We acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 856526, the Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 2020-03412, the Spanish Comunidad de Madrid (CM) “Talento Program” (Project No. 2022-T1/IND-24070), the Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation, and Universities through Grant PID2022-140552NA-I00 and NanoLund.","APC_amount":"3036,92 EUR","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"OA_place":"publisher","volume":7,"corr_author":"1","article_number":"023022","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","publication":"Physical Review Research","file_date_updated":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor–semiconductor hybrid systems play a crucial role in realizing nanoscale quantum devices, including hybrid qubits, Majorana bound states, and Kitaev chains. For such hybrid devices, subgap states play a prominent role in their operation. In this paper, we study these subgap states via Coulomb and tunneling spectroscopy through a superconducting island defined in a semiconductor nanowire fully coated by a superconductor. We systematically explore regimes ranging from an almost decoupled island to the open configuration. In the weak-coupling regime, the experimental observations are very similar in the absence of a magnetic field and when one flux quantum pierces the superconducting shell. Conversely, in the strong-coupling regime, significant distinctions emerge between the two cases. We attribute this distinct behavior to the existence of subgap states at one flux quantum, which become observable only for sufficiently strong coupling to the leads. We support our interpretation using a simple model to describe transport through the island. Our study highlights the importance of studying a broad range of tunnel couplings for understanding the rich physics of hybrid devices."}],"date_updated":"2026-06-11T09:13:12Z","title":"Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes","author":[{"full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini"},{"full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto","first_name":"Rubén Seoane"},{"id":"1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5","full_name":"Borovkov, Maksim","first_name":"Maksim","last_name":"Borovkov"},{"full_name":"Krogstrup, Peter","first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Krogstrup"},{"first_name":"Yigal","last_name":"Meir","full_name":"Meir, Yigal"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"date_created":"2025-04-20T22:01:28Z","project":[{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"19597","day":"01","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"         7","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["530"],"citation":{"apa":"Valentini, M., Souto, R. S., Borovkov, M., Krogstrup, P., Meir, Y., Leijnse, M., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>","ama":"Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, et al. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Rubén Seoane Souto, Maksim Borovkov, Peter Krogstrup, Yigal Meir, Martin Leijnse, Jeroen Danon, and Georgios Katsaros. “Subgap Transport in Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, Krogstrup P, Meir Y, Leijnse M, Danon J, Katsaros G. 2025. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. Physical Review Research. 7(2), 023022.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2025.","short":"M. Valentini, R.S. Souto, M. Borovkov, P. Krogstrup, Y. Meir, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Subgap Transport in Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 023022, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1"},{"type":"journal_article","APC_amount":"7068 EUR","acknowledgement":"We thank A. Crippa for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/F86 and DOI:10.55776/I5060. M.R.-R. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) under Veni grant VI.Veni.212.223. The\r\nResearch of S.B. and M.R.-R. was sponsored in part by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under Award Number: W911NF-23-1-0110. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"status":"public","volume":16,"OA_place":"publisher","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"research_data","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-shadow-of-an-electron/"}],"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"19409","status":"public"},{"id":"19836","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"year":"2025","oa":1,"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_id":"19645","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_SaezMollejo.pdf","date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"13fe84cddc9d4e47213bf17acdac70d7","file_size":1548756,"date_created":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z","relation":"main_file"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"isi":1,"arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"04","day":"24","_id":"19424","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        16","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"ama":"Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, et al. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>","apa":"Saez Mollejo, J., Jirovec, D., Schell, Y. A., Kukucka, J., Calcaterra, S., Chrastina, D., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>","chicago":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime, Daniel Jirovec, Yona A Schell, Josip Kukucka, Stefano Calcaterra, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Maximilian Rimbach-Russ, Stefano Bosco, and Georgios Katsaros. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.","ista":"Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, Kukucka J, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Rimbach-Russ M, Bosco S, Katsaros G. 2025. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. Nature Communications. 16, 3862.","mla":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime, et al. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 3862, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.","short":"J. Saez Mollejo, D. Jirovec, Y.A. Schell, J. Kukucka, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, M. Rimbach-Russ, S. Bosco, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","ieee":"J. Saez Mollejo <i>et al.</i>, “Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025."},"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"OA_type":"gold","date_published":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","article_number":"3862","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z","publication":"Nature Communications","date_updated":"2026-06-15T22:31:17Z","abstract":[{"text":"Hole spin qubits are rapidly emerging as the workhorse of semiconducting quantum processors because of their large spin-orbit interaction, enabling fast all-electric operations at low power. However, spin-orbit interaction also causes non-uniformities in devices, resulting in locally varying qubit energies and site-dependent anisotropies. While these anisotropies can be used to drive single-spins, if not properly harnessed, they can hinder the path toward large-scale quantum processors. Here, we report on microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits in planar germanium and use them to investigate the anisotropy of two spins in a double quantum dot. We show two distinct operating regimes depending on the magnetic field direction. For in-plane fields, the two spins are largely anisotropic, and electrically tunable, which enables to measure all the available transitions; coherence times exceeding 3 $\\mu$s are extracted. For out-of-plane fields, they have an isotropic response but preserve the substantial energy difference required to address the singlet-triplet qubit. Even in this field direction, where the qubit lifetime\r\nis strongly affected by nuclear spins, we find 400 ns coherence times. Our work adds a valuable tool to investigate and harness the anisotropy of spin qubits and can be implemented in any large-scale NxN device, facilitating the path towards scalable quantum processors.","lang":"eng"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices"},{"_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"FWF Open Access Fund"}],"date_created":"2025-03-19T13:28:12Z","external_id":{"isi":["001475587400022"],"arxiv":["2408.03224"],"pmid":["40274808"]},"title":"Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits","author":[{"full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Schell","first_name":"Yona A","id":"fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5","full_name":"Schell, Yona A"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Rimbach-Russ","first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Rimbach-Russ, Maximilian"},{"full_name":"Bosco, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bosco"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}]},{"type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Simone Frasca, Vincent Jouanny, Guillaume Beaulieu, Camille Roy, Dominic Dahinden, Davide Lombardo, Daniel Chrastina, and Siddhart Gautam for contributing to some cleanroom fabrication steps, the measurement setup, device simulations, data analysis, and for the useful discussions. P.S. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through the grants Ref. No. 200021 200418 and Ref. No. 206021_205335, and from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 01042765 SEFRI MB22.00081. W.J. acknowledges support from the EPFL QSE Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant. S.B., D.L., and P.S. acknowledge support from the NCCR Spin Qubit in Silicon (NCCR-SPIN) Grant No. 51NF40-180604. M.J., G.K., G.I., and S.C. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe Project IGNITE ID 101070193. G.K. acknowledges support from the FWF via the P32235 and I05060 projects.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","volume":15,"has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7","oa":1,"year":"2024","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_id":"18611","success":1,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","checksum":"ef9f99a84089c388904cc8aa8d89c55a","file_size":5288092,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_dePalma.pdf"}],"isi":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"12","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"18602","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        15","publisher":"Springer Nature","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, et al. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>","apa":"De Palma, F., Oppliger, F., Jang, W., Bosco, S., Janik, M., Calcaterra, S., … Scarlino, P. (2024). Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>","chicago":"De Palma, Franco, Fabian Oppliger, Wonjin Jang, Stefano Bosco, Marian Janik, Stefano Calcaterra, Georgios Katsaros, Giovanni Isella, Daniel Loss, and Pasquale Scarlino. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing Charge Degree and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.","ista":"De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, Bosco S, Janik M, Calcaterra S, Katsaros G, Isella G, Loss D, Scarlino P. 2024. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. Nature Communications. 15, 10177.","ieee":"F. De Palma <i>et al.</i>, “Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","mla":"De Palma, Franco, et al. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing Charge Degree and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 10177, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.","short":"F. De Palma, F. Oppliger, W. Jang, S. Bosco, M. Janik, S. Calcaterra, G. Katsaros, G. Isella, D. Loss, P. Scarlino, Nature Communications 15 (2024)."},"ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"gold","article_number":"10177","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","file_date_updated":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","publication":"Nature Communications","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:46:06Z","abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in planar germanium (Ge) heterostructures have emerged as front-runners for future hole-based quantum processors. Here, we present strong coupling between a hole charge qubit, defined in a double quantum dot (DQD) in planar Ge, and microwave photons in a high-impedance (Zr = 1.3 kΩ) resonator based on an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Our investigation reveals vacuum-Rabi splittings with coupling strengths up to g0/2π = 260 MHz, and a cooperativity of C ~ 100, dependent on DQD tuning. Furthermore, utilizing the frequency tunability of our resonator, we explore the quenched energy splitting associated with strong Coulomb correlation effects in Ge QDs. The observed enhanced coherence of the strongly correlated excited state signals the presence of distinct symmetries within related spin functions, serving as a precursor to the strong coupling between photons and spin-charge hybrid qubits in planar Ge. This work paves the way towards coherent quantum connections between remote hole qubits in planar Ge, required to scale up hole-based quantum processors.","lang":"eng"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"}],"author":[{"full_name":"De Palma, Franco","last_name":"De Palma","first_name":"Franco"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Oppliger","full_name":"Oppliger, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Jang","first_name":"Wonjin","full_name":"Jang, Wonjin"},{"full_name":"Bosco, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bosco"},{"id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Pasquale","last_name":"Scarlino","full_name":"Scarlino, Pasquale"}],"title":"Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states","date_created":"2024-12-01T23:01:53Z","external_id":{"isi":["001362684200001"],"pmid":["39580488"]}},{"publication_status":"published","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"Physical Review Applied","file_date_updated":"2024-12-16T11:13:48Z","date_published":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","article_number":"064026","project":[{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"}],"title":"Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor","author":[{"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Hickie","full_name":"Hickie, Joseph"},{"full_name":"Van Straaten, Barnaby","first_name":"Barnaby","last_name":"Van Straaten"},{"last_name":"Fedele","first_name":"Federico","full_name":"Fedele, Federico"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","last_name":"Jirovec","first_name":"Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Natalia","full_name":"Ares, Natalia"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001379155900003"]},"date_created":"2024-12-15T23:01:50Z","date_updated":"2025-09-09T11:47:52Z","abstract":[{"text":"Charge sensing is a sensitive technique for probing quantum devices, of particular importance for spin-qubit readout. To achieve good readout sensitivities, the proximity of the charge sensor to the device to be measured is a necessity. However, this proximity also means that the operation of the device affects, in turn, the sensor tuning and ultimately the readout sensitivity. We present an approach for compensating for this crosstalk effect allowing for the gate voltages of the measured device to be swept in a 1-V × 1-V window while maintaining a sensor configuration chosen by a Bayesian optimizer. Our algorithm will hopefully be a major contribution to the suite of fully automated solutions required for the operation of large quantum device architectures.","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        22","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"18653","citation":{"mla":"Hickie, Joseph, et al. “Automated Long-Range Compensation of an Rf Quantum Dot Sensor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 6, 064026, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>.","short":"J. Hickie, B. Van Straaten, F. Fedele, D. Jirovec, A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, N. Ares, Physical Review Applied 22 (2024).","ieee":"J. Hickie <i>et al.</i>, “Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2024.","ista":"Hickie J, Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Jirovec D, Ballabio A, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G, Ares N. 2024. Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor. Physical Review Applied. 22(6), 064026.","chicago":"Hickie, Joseph, Barnaby Van Straaten, Federico Fedele, Daniel Jirovec, Andrea Ballabio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Georgios Katsaros, and Natalia Ares. “Automated Long-Range Compensation of an Rf Quantum Dot Sensor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>.","ama":"Hickie J, Van Straaten B, Fedele F, et al. Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2024;22(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>","apa":"Hickie, J., Van Straaten, B., Fedele, F., Jirovec, D., Ballabio, A., Chrastina, D., … Ares, N. (2024). Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","oa":1,"year":"2024","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"file":[{"file_size":3560132,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"bc29a40819abc4969867b6cd6563f7ad","date_updated":"2024-12-16T11:13:48Z","file_name":"2024_PhysicalReviewApplied_Hickie.pdf","date_created":"2024-12-16T11:13:48Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"18662"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"6","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026","month":"12","isi":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank Nicholas Sim for providing help with the experiment and Sebastian Orbell for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Royal Society, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) National Quantum Technology Hub in Networked Quantum Information Technology (Grant No. EP/M013243/1), Quantum Technology Capital (Grant No. EP/N014995/1), the EPSRC Platform Grant (Grant No. EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932), the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the nanofabrication facility and, the FWF-I 05060 and HORIZON-RIA 101069515 projects.","type":"journal_article","OA_place":"publisher","volume":22,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2331-7019"]},"status":"public"},{"acknowledgement":"The Ge project received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe programme under the Grant Agreement 101069515 – IGNITE. Siltronic AG is acknowledged for providing the SRB wafers. This work was supported by Imec's Industrial Affiliation Program on Quantum Computing.","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Mechanical Engineering","Mechanics of Materials","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science"],"volume":174,"OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1369-8001"]},"file":[{"file_id":"17312","creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-07-22T11:56:08Z","file_name":"2024_MaterialsScience_Shimura.pdf","date_updated":"2024-07-22T11:56:08Z","file_size":4220165,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"62e8e9ae960387a3dca32ec7f5e413ab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2024","oa":1,"doi":"10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231","issue":"5","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"05","isi":1,"intvolume":"       174","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","_id":"15018","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","day":"20","ddc":["530"],"citation":{"short":"Y. Shimura, C. Godfrin, A. Hikavyy, R. Li, J.L. Aguilera Servin, G. Katsaros, P. Favia, H. Han, D. Wan, K. de Greve, R. Loo, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 174 (2024).","mla":"Shimura, Yosuke, et al. “Compressively Strained Epitaxial Ge Layers for Quantum Computing Applications.” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>, vol. 174, no. 5, 108231, Elsevier, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231\">10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>.","ieee":"Y. Shimura <i>et al.</i>, “Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications,” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>, vol. 174, no. 5. Elsevier, 2024.","ista":"Shimura Y, Godfrin C, Hikavyy A, Li R, Aguilera Servin JL, Katsaros G, Favia P, Han H, Wan D, de Greve K, Loo R. 2024. Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 174(5), 108231.","chicago":"Shimura, Yosuke, Clement Godfrin, Andriy Hikavyy, Roy Li, Juan L Aguilera Servin, Georgios Katsaros, Paola Favia, et al. “Compressively Strained Epitaxial Ge Layers for Quantum Computing Applications.” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>.","apa":"Shimura, Y., Godfrin, C., Hikavyy, A., Li, R., Aguilera Servin, J. L., Katsaros, G., … Loo, R. (2024). Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications. <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>","ama":"Shimura Y, Godfrin C, Hikavyy A, et al. Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications. <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>. 2024;174(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231\">10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing","file_date_updated":"2024-07-22T11:56:08Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","article_number":"108231","OA_type":"hybrid","date_published":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["001188520000001"]},"date_created":"2024-02-22T14:10:40Z","author":[{"last_name":"Shimura","first_name":"Yosuke","full_name":"Shimura, Yosuke"},{"full_name":"Godfrin, Clement","first_name":"Clement","last_name":"Godfrin"},{"first_name":"Andriy","last_name":"Hikavyy","full_name":"Hikavyy, Andriy"},{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Roy","full_name":"Li, Roy"},{"id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","first_name":"Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Favia","first_name":"Paola","full_name":"Favia, Paola"},{"first_name":"Han","last_name":"Han","full_name":"Han, Han"},{"full_name":"Wan, Danny","last_name":"Wan","first_name":"Danny"},{"full_name":"de Greve, Kristiaan","last_name":"de Greve","first_name":"Kristiaan"},{"last_name":"Loo","first_name":"Roger","full_name":"Loo, Roger"}],"title":"Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications","project":[{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The epitaxial growth of a strained Ge layer, which is a promising candidate for the channel material of a hole spin qubit, has been demonstrated on 300 mm Si wafers using commercially available Si0.3Ge0.7 strain relaxed buffer (SRB) layers. The assessment of the layer and the interface qualities for a buried strained Ge layer embedded in Si0.3Ge0.7 layers is reported. The XRD reciprocal space mapping confirmed that the reduction of the growth temperature enables the 2-dimensional growth of the Ge layer fully strained with respect to the Si0.3Ge0.7. Nevertheless, dislocations at the top and/or bottom interface of the Ge layer were observed by means of electron channeling contrast imaging, suggesting the importance of the careful dislocation assessment. The interface abruptness does not depend on the selection of the precursor gases, but it is strongly influenced by the growth temperature which affects the coverage of the surface H-passivation. The mobility of 2.7 × 105 cm2/Vs is promising, while the low percolation density of 3 × 1010 /cm2 measured with a Hall-bar device at 7 K illustrates the high quality of the heterostructure thanks to the high Si0.3Ge0.7 SRB quality.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-04-14T08:01:27Z"},{"intvolume":"         6","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"article_type":"letter_note","scopus_import":"1","_id":"15320","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"01","ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ista":"Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Schrade C, Valentini M, Katsaros G, Danon J. 2024. Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current. Physical Review Research. 6(2), L022002.","ieee":"R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, C. Schrade, M. Valentini, G. Katsaros, and J. Danon, “Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2024.","mla":"Seoane Souto, Rubén, et al. “Tuning the Josephson Diode Response with an Ac Current.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, L022002, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>.","short":"R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, C. Schrade, M. Valentini, G. Katsaros, J. Danon, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","apa":"Seoane Souto, R., Leijnse, M., Schrade, C., Valentini, M., Katsaros, G., &#38; Danon, J. (2024). Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>","ama":"Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Schrade C, Valentini M, Katsaros G, Danon J. Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>","chicago":"Seoane Souto, Rubén, Martin Leijnse, Constantin Schrade, Marco Valentini, Georgios Katsaros, and Jeroen Danon. “Tuning the Josephson Diode Response with an Ac Current.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>."},"publisher":"American Physical Society","publication":"Physical Review Research","file_date_updated":"2024-04-17T07:14:53Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","article_number":"L022002","date_published":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2024-04-14T22:01:02Z","author":[{"full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","first_name":"Rubén","last_name":"Seoane Souto"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Constantin","last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin"},{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"},{"full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon"}],"title":"Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current","abstract":[{"text":"Josephson diodes are superconducting elements that show an asymmetry in the critical current depending on the direction of the current. Here, we theoretically explore how an alternating current bias can tune the response of such a diode. We show that for slow driving there is always a regime where the system can only carry zero-voltage dc current in one direction, thus effectively behaving as an ideal Josephson diode. Under fast driving, the diode efficiency is also tunable, although the ideal regime cannot be reached in this case. We also investigate the residual dissipation due to the time-dependent current bias and show that it remains small. All our conclusions are solely based on the critical current asymmetry of the junction, and are thus compatible with any Josephson diode.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-14T09:31:50Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge support from research grants Spanish CM Talento Program (Project No. 2022-T1/IND-24070), Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation, and Universities through Grant No. PID2022-140552NA-I00, Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 2020-03412, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 856526, Nanolund, FWF Project with [82],\r\nand Microsoft Corporation. ","type":"journal_article","volume":6,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2643-1564"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_id":"15327","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-04-17T07:14:53Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":1073544,"checksum":"7b9cb3b17d89f392bd582e30d7a72a29","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2024-04-17T07:14:53Z","file_name":"2024_PhysReviewResearch_Souto.pdf"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2024","oa":1,"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002","issue":"2","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"04","DOAJ_listed":"1"},{"date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:49:16Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The potential of Si and SiGe-based devices for the scaling of quantum circuits is tainted by device variability. Each device needs to be tuned to operation conditions and each device realisation requires a different tuning protocol. We demonstrate that it is possible to automate the tuning of a 4-gate Si FinFET, a 5-gate GeSi nanowire and a 7-gate Ge/SiGe heterostructure double quantum dot device from scratch with the same algorithm. We achieve tuning times of 30, 10, and 92 min, respectively. The algorithm also provides insight into the parameter space landscape for each of these devices, allowing for the characterization of the regions where double quantum dot regimes are found. These results show that overarching solutions for the tuning of quantum devices are enabled by machine learning."}],"project":[{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"grant_number":"P30207","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"author":[{"first_name":"B.","last_name":"Severin","full_name":"Severin, B."},{"full_name":"Lennon, D. T.","first_name":"D. T.","last_name":"Lennon"},{"full_name":"Camenzind, L. C.","first_name":"L. C.","last_name":"Camenzind"},{"full_name":"Vigneau, F.","last_name":"Vigneau","first_name":"F."},{"full_name":"Fedele, F.","last_name":"Fedele","first_name":"F."},{"id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801"},{"full_name":"Ballabio, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"D.","full_name":"Chrastina, D."},{"full_name":"Isella, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Isella"},{"full_name":"de Kruijf, M.","last_name":"de Kruijf","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"Carballido, M. J.","first_name":"M. J.","last_name":"Carballido"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Svab","full_name":"Svab, S."},{"last_name":"Kuhlmann","first_name":"A. V.","full_name":"Kuhlmann, A. V."},{"full_name":"Geyer, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Geyer"},{"full_name":"Froning, F. N. M.","last_name":"Froning","first_name":"F. N. M."},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Moon","full_name":"Moon, H."},{"full_name":"Osborne, M. A.","last_name":"Osborne","first_name":"M. A."},{"full_name":"Sejdinovic, D.","last_name":"Sejdinovic","first_name":"D."},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"full_name":"Zumbühl, D. M.","first_name":"D. M.","last_name":"Zumbühl"},{"last_name":"Briggs","first_name":"G. A. D.","full_name":"Briggs, G. A. D."},{"full_name":"Ares, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Ares"}],"title":"Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning","date_created":"2024-08-05T08:50:51Z","external_id":{"pmid":["39068242"],"arxiv":["2107.12975"],"isi":["001281273100062"]},"date_published":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","article_number":"17281","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"Scientific Reports","file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:52:14Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"ista":"Severin B, Lennon DT, Camenzind LC, Vigneau F, Fedele F, Jirovec D, Ballabio A, Chrastina D, Isella G, de Kruijf M, Carballido MJ, Svab S, Kuhlmann AV, Geyer S, Froning FNM, Moon H, Osborne MA, Sejdinovic D, Katsaros G, Zumbühl DM, Briggs GAD, Ares N. 2024. Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning. Scientific Reports. 14, 17281.","ieee":"B. Severin <i>et al.</i>, “Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"B. Severin, D.T. Lennon, L.C. Camenzind, F. Vigneau, F. Fedele, D. Jirovec, A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, M. de Kruijf, M.J. Carballido, S. Svab, A.V. Kuhlmann, S. Geyer, F.N.M. Froning, H. Moon, M.A. Osborne, D. Sejdinovic, G. Katsaros, D.M. Zumbühl, G.A.D. Briggs, N. Ares, Scientific Reports 14 (2024).","mla":"Severin, B., et al. “Cross-Architecture Tuning of Silicon and SiGe-Based Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14, 17281, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z\">10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>.","ama":"Severin B, Lennon DT, Camenzind LC, et al. Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2024;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z\">10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>","apa":"Severin, B., Lennon, D. T., Camenzind, L. C., Vigneau, F., Fedele, F., Jirovec, D., … Ares, N. (2024). Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>","chicago":"Severin, B., D. T. Lennon, L. C. Camenzind, F. Vigneau, F. Fedele, Daniel Jirovec, A. Ballabio, et al. “Cross-Architecture Tuning of Silicon and SiGe-Based Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"day":"27","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"17389","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        14","arxiv":1,"isi":1,"month":"07","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"10066","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z","oa":1,"year":"2024","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"17390","date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:52:14Z","file_name":"2024_ScientificReports_Severin.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2255741,"checksum":"0b34b89e5f4f3f7b32ffadf104394594","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-08-05T08:52:14Z"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2045-2322"]},"status":"public","volume":14,"type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Ang Li, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers (University of Eindhoven) for the fabrication of the Ge/Si nanowire. This work was supported by the Royal Society, the EPSRC National Quantum Technology Hub in Networked Quantum Information Technology (EP/M013243/1), Quantum Technology Capital (EP/N014995/1), EPSRC Platform Grant (EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant agreement 948932), the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, the NCCR SPIN, the EU H2020 European Microkelvin Platform EMP grant No. 824109, the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the nanofabrication facility, the FWF-I 05060 and the FWF-P 30207 project."},{"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"volume":15,"OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","APC_amount":"6468 EUR","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","DOAJ_listed":"1","isi":1,"month":"01","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2336595,"file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"14825"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2024","oa":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["530"],"citation":{"ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"14793","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"02","intvolume":"        15","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform."}],"date_updated":"2025-10-15T06:31:47Z","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","external_id":{"pmid":["38167818"],"isi":["001142794000839"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7"},{"full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","last_name":"de Gijsel","first_name":"Thijs"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","first_name":"Juan L","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372"},{"full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","last_name":"Seoane Souto","first_name":"Rubén"},{"last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"Bakkers","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","grant_number":"101115315","_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1"}],"article_number":"169","corr_author":"1","OA_type":"gold","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","publication":"Nature Communications","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_status":"published","pmid":1},{"DOAJ_listed":"1","isi":1,"arxiv":1,"month":"07","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53910-1","relation":"erratum"}],"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"17196","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"18076","status":"public"}]},"has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"file_id":"17388","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_created":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Sagi.pdf","checksum":"ddf5361dcb6c543e2cea818501c09910","file_size":1928001,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2024","oa":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"volume":15,"OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","APC_amount":"6828 EUR","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Lucas Casparis, Jeroen Danon, Valla Fatemi, Morten Kjaergard and Javad Shabani for their valuable insights and comments. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop\r\nand the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. We also acknowledge the NextGenerationEU PRIN project\r\n2022A8CJP3 (GAMESQUAD) for partial financial support.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson junctions have recently emerged as building blocks for hybrid quantum circuits. In this study, we present a gatemon fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity in a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which separates the superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction is then integrated into an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We showcase the qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with resonator and two-tone spectroscopy. Time-domain characterizations reveal energy relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our results, combined with the recent advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel hybrid and protected qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material."}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:01:55Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2403.16774"],"isi":["001281271000022"],"pmid":["39080279"]},"date_created":"2024-07-04T11:40:45Z","title":"A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge","author":[{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro","first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Crippa","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X"},{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"},{"id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan"},{"first_name":"Giorgio","last_name":"Fabris","id":"298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352","full_name":"Fabris, Giorgio"},{"id":"84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky","last_name":"Kapoor","first_name":"Lucky","orcid":"0000-0001-8319-2148"},{"first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"project":[{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"FWF Open Access Fund"}],"article_number":"6400","corr_author":"1","OA_type":"gold","date_published":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","publication":"Nature Communications","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ddc":["530"],"citation":{"ieee":"O. Sagi <i>et al.</i>, “A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","mla":"Sagi, Oliver, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 6400, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.","short":"O. Sagi, A. Crippa, M. Valentini, M. Janik, L. Baghumyan, G. Fabris, L. Kapoor, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ista":"Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, Janik M, Baghumyan L, Fabris G, Kapoor L, Hassani F, Fink JM, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. Nature Communications. 15, 6400.","chicago":"Sagi, Oliver, Alessandro Crippa, Marco Valentini, Marian Janik, Levon Baghumyan, Giorgio Fabris, Lucky Kapoor, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.","apa":"Sagi, O., Crippa, A., Valentini, M., Janik, M., Baghumyan, L., Fabris, G., … Katsaros, G. (2024). A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>","ama":"Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, et al. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"17202","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"30","intvolume":"        15","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original"},{"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"day":"03","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"18144","citation":{"ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Manjón AG, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. arXiv, 2407.03079.","short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A.G. Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2407.03079, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.","ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>."},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_status":"draft","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"arXiv","date_published":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","article_number":"2407.03079","project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","last_name":"Roux"},{"first_name":"Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N"},{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"last_name":"Baghdadi","first_name":"Abdulhamid","full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid","id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425"},{"full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"last_name":"Botifoll","first_name":"Marc","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc"},{"last_name":"Manjón","first_name":"Alba Garzón","full_name":"Manjón, Alba Garzón"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Pop","first_name":"Ioan M.","full_name":"Pop, Ioan M."},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.03079"]},"date_created":"2024-09-26T09:50:43Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-15T22:31:17Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for\r\nthe realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their\r\nhigh impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point\r\nfluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge\r\nqubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular\r\nsuperconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance\r\nat high values are difficult to control. Here we have integrated a granular\r\naluminium resonator, having a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance\r\nquantum, with a germanium double quantum dot and demonstrate strong\r\ncharge-photon coupling with a rate of $g_\\text{c}/2\\pi= (566 \\pm 2)$ MHz. This\r\nwas achieved due to the realisation of a wireless ohmmeter, which allows\r\n\\emph{in situ} measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of\r\nthe kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of\r\ncircuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 k$\\Omega$ (1 nH per square)\r\nis now possible. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits\r\nand high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates."}],"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project, the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. IMP acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s\r\nQuantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors\r\nacknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development\r\nFund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM [60].","type":"preprint","OA_place":"repository","status":"public","oa":1,"year":"2024","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"18886","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"later_version","status":"public","id":"19401"},{"status":"public","id":"18129","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079","month":"07","arxiv":1},{"keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"OA_place":"repository","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","type":"preprint","month":"06","arxiv":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"year":"2023","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13286","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","ddc":["530"],"citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109."},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"13312","day":"13","author":[{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","first_name":"Levon"},{"first_name":"Thijs de","last_name":"Gijsel","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de"},{"last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Jung, Jason","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera"},{"last_name":"Aggarwal","first_name":"Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb"},{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin"},{"last_name":"Bakkers","first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios"}],"title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","publication":"arXiv","publication_status":"draft","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","article_number":"2306.07109","date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z"},{"citation":{"chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, and Daniel Jirovec. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>.","apa":"Katsaros, G., &#38; Jirovec, D. (2022). Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>","ama":"Katsaros G, Jirovec D. Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>","ieee":"G. Katsaros and D. Jirovec, “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","short":"G. Katsaros, D. Jirovec, (2022).","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, and Daniel Jirovec. <i>Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>.","ista":"Katsaros G, Jirovec D. 2022. Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>."},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"18291","type":"research_data","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"},{"id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801"}],"title":"Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large 𝑔-Factor Differences","date_created":"2024-10-09T19:35:03Z","month":"03","date_updated":"2025-04-15T07:15:24Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"file_date_updated":"2024-10-14T18:11:45Z","file":[{"date_updated":"2024-10-09T19:31:35Z","file_name":"SOIPaper.zip","file_size":25566516,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","checksum":"3128dffbd09267b93c2d0b1425fd3ba2","date_created":"2024-10-09T19:31:35Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"gkatsaro","success":1,"file_id":"18292"},{"file_id":"18442","success":1,"creator":"gkatsaro","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-10-14T18:11:45Z","content_type":"text/plain","checksum":"df077d2f4652afeb3bf100068e88aa48","file_size":6776,"date_updated":"2024-10-14T18:11:45Z","file_name":"Readme.txt"}],"oa":1,"year":"2022","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"10920","relation":"research_paper"}]},"corr_author":"1","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291","date_published":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"},{"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_id":"10928","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"6e66ad548d18db9c131f304acbd5a1f4","file_size":1266515,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","file_name":"2022_PhysRevLetters_Jirovec.pdf"}],"oa":1,"year":"2022","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"18291","relation":"popular_science"}]},"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803","issue":"12","month":"03","arxiv":1,"isi":1,"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie\r\nSkłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 844511, No. 75441, and by the FWF-P 30207, I05060, and M3032-N projects. A. B. acknowledges support from the EU Horizon-2020 FET project microSPIRE, ID: 766955. P.M. M. and G. B. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG—German Research Foundation) under Project No. 450396347. This work was supported by the Royal Society (URF\\R1\\191150) and the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932), N. A. acknowledges the use of the University of Oxford Advanced Research Computing (ARC) facility.","type":"journal_article","volume":128,"ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T06:53:39Z","publication":"Physical Review Letters","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","article_number":"126803","date_published":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Mutter, Philipp M.","first_name":"Philipp M.","last_name":"Mutter"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X","last_name":"Crippa","first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro","id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425"},{"last_name":"Rychetsky","first_name":"Marek","full_name":"Rychetsky, Marek"},{"first_name":"David L.","last_name":"Craig","full_name":"Craig, David L."},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"full_name":"Martins, Frederico","id":"38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0003-2668-2401","first_name":"Frederico","last_name":"Martins"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Ares, Natalia","first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Ares"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Guido ","last_name":"Burkard","full_name":"Burkard, Guido "},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"title":"Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences","external_id":{"isi":["000786542500004"],"arxiv":["2111.05130"],"pmid":["35394319"]},"date_created":"2022-03-24T15:51:11Z","project":[{"grant_number":"844511","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"P30207","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060"},{"_id":"c08c05c4-5a5b-11eb-8a69-dc6ce49d7973","grant_number":"M03032","name":"Long-range spin exchange for 2D qubits architectures"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The spin-orbit interaction permits to control the state of a spin qubit via electric fields. For holes it is particularly strong, allowing for fast all electrical qubit manipulation, and yet an in-depth understanding of this interaction in hole systems is missing. Here we investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the effect of the cubic Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the mixing of the spin states by studying singlet-triplet oscillations in a planar Ge hole double quantum dot. Landau-Zener sweeps at different magnetic field directions allow us to disentangle the effects of the spin-orbit induced spin-flip term from those caused by strongly site-dependent and anisotropic quantum dot g tensors. Our work, therefore, provides new insights into the hole spin-orbit interaction, necessary for optimizing future qubit experiments."}],"date_updated":"2025-04-14T07:44:07Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"       128","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"10920","day":"24","ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Jirovec, Daniel, Philipp M. Mutter, Andrea C Hofmann, Alessandro Crippa, Marek Rychetsky, David L. Craig, Josip Kukucka, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.","apa":"Jirovec, D., Mutter, P. M., Hofmann, A. C., Crippa, A., Rychetsky, M., Craig, D. L., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>","ama":"Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, et al. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2022;128(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803\">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>","mla":"Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12, 126803, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803\">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.","short":"D. Jirovec, P.M. Mutter, A.C. Hofmann, A. Crippa, M. Rychetsky, D.L. Craig, J. Kukucka, F. Martins, A. Ballabio, N. Ares, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Burkard, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022).","ieee":"D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022.","ista":"Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, Crippa A, Rychetsky M, Craig DL, Kukucka J, Martins F, Ballabio A, Ares N, Chrastina D, Isella G, Burkard G, Katsaros G. 2022. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. Physical Review Letters. 128(12), 126803."},"publisher":"American Physical Society","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"year":"2022","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12522","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"id":"13286","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA Website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/imposter-particles-revealed-and-explained/"}]},"page":"442-447","issue":"7940","doi":"10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w","month":"12","arxiv":1,"isi":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank P. Krogstrup for providing us with the NW materials. We thank A. Higginbotham, E. J. H. Lee, C. Marcus and S. Vaitiekėnas for helpful discussions and G. Steffensen for his input on the diffusive Little-Parks theory. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility; the NOMIS Foundation; the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). A.H. acknowledges support from H2020-MSCA-IF-2018/844511. ICN2 also acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Program from Spanish MINECO (Grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. Authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation as well as the technical advice provided by the National Facility ELECMI ICTS, node ‘Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas’ at University of Zaragoza. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 823717-ESTEEM3. This study was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and Generalitat de Catalunya. This research is part of the CSIC programme for the Spanish Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan funded by the Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union, established by the Regulation (EU) 2020/2094. We thank support from Grant PGC2018-097018-BI00, project FlagERA TOPOGRAPH (PCI2018-093026) and project NANOGEN (PID2020-116093RB-C43), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’, by the European Union. M. Botifoll acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund (project ref. 2020 FI 00103).","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"volume":612,"ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"publication":"Nature","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","date_published":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","title":"Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks","author":[{"full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini"},{"full_name":"Borovkov, Maksim","id":"2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087","first_name":"Maksim","last_name":"Borovkov"},{"first_name":"Elsa","last_name":"Prada","full_name":"Prada, Elsa"},{"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Martí-Sánchez","full_name":"Martí-Sánchez, Sara"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","last_name":"Botifoll","first_name":"Marc"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Andrea C"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","first_name":"Jordi"},{"first_name":"Ramón","last_name":"Aguado","full_name":"Aguado, Ramón"},{"full_name":"San-Jose, Pablo","first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"San-Jose"},{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"date_created":"2023-01-12T11:56:45Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2203.07829"],"isi":["000899725400001"],"pmid":["36517713"]},"project":[{"_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","grant_number":"844511","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Hybrid semiconductor–superconductor devices hold great promise for realizing topological quantum computing with Majorana zero modes1,2,3,4,5. However, multiple claims of Majorana detection, based on either tunnelling6,7,8,9,10 or Coulomb blockade (CB) spectroscopy11,12, remain disputed. Here we devise an experimental protocol that allows us to perform both types of measurement on the same hybrid island by adjusting its charging energy via tunable junctions to the normal leads. This method reduces ambiguities of Majorana detections by checking the consistency between CB spectroscopy and zero-bias peaks in non-blockaded transport. Specifically, we observe junction-dependent, even–odd modulated, single-electron CB peaks in InAs/Al hybrid nanowires without concomitant low-bias peaks in tunnelling spectroscopy. We provide a theoretical interpretation of the experimental observations in terms of low-energy, longitudinally confined island states rather than overlapping Majorana modes. Our results highlight the importance of combined measurements on the same device for the identification of topological Majorana zero modes."}],"main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.07829","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"       612","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"12118","day":"15","citation":{"apa":"Valentini, M., Borovkov, M., Prada, E., Martí-Sánchez, S., Botifoll, M., Hofmann, A. C., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>","ama":"Valentini M, Borovkov M, Prada E, et al. Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks. <i>Nature</i>. 2022;612(7940):442-447. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w\">10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Maksim Borovkov, Elsa Prada, Sara Martí-Sánchez, Marc Botifoll, Andrea C Hofmann, Jordi Arbiol, Ramón Aguado, Pablo San-Jose, and Georgios Katsaros. “Majorana-like Coulomb Spectroscopy in the Absence of Zero-Bias Peaks.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Borovkov M, Prada E, Martí-Sánchez S, Botifoll M, Hofmann AC, Arbiol J, Aguado R, San-Jose P, Katsaros G. 2022. Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks. Nature. 612(7940), 442–447.","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Majorana-like Coulomb Spectroscopy in the Absence of Zero-Bias Peaks.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 612, no. 7940, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 442–47, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w\">10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, M. Borovkov, E. Prada, S. Martí-Sánchez, M. Botifoll, A.C. Hofmann, J. Arbiol, R. Aguado, P. San-Jose, G. Katsaros, Nature 612 (2022) 442–447.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 612, no. 7940. Springer Nature, pp. 442–447, 2022."},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}]},{"intvolume":"         3","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","_id":"10559","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"15","ddc":["620"],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M. Botifoll, S. Martí-Sánchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, J. Danon, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Research 3 (2021).","mla":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, L022005, American Physical Society, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.","ieee":"K. Aggarwal <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2021.","ista":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M, Martí-Sánchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Danon J, Katsaros G. 2021. Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. Physical Review Research. 3(2), L022005.","chicago":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Martí-Sánchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.","ama":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2021;3(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>","apa":"Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A., Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>"},"publisher":"American Physical Society","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"file_date_updated":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","publication":"Physical Review Research","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","publication_status":"published","article_number":"L022005","corr_author":"1","date_published":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2021-12-16T18:50:57Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2012.00322"]},"title":"Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas","author":[{"id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","last_name":"Aggarwal","first_name":"Kushagra"},{"last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan","id":"2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7370-5357","first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Prieto Gonzalez"},{"last_name":"Sammak","first_name":"Amir","full_name":"Sammak, Amir"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","last_name":"Botifoll","first_name":"Marc"},{"last_name":"Martí-Sánchez","first_name":"Sara","full_name":"Martí-Sánchez, Sara"},{"last_name":"Veldhorst","first_name":"Menno","full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano","first_name":"Giordano","last_name":"Scappucci"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"844511","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Hole gases in planar germanium can have high mobilities in combination with strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising platform for creating hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices. A key challenge towards hybrid Ge-based quantum technologies is the design of high-quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against magnetic fields. In this work, by combining the assets of aluminum, which provides good contact to the Ge, and niobium, which has a significant superconducting gap, we demonstrate highly transparent low-disordered JoFETs with relatively large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs, opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-04-15T08:38:16Z","acknowledgement":"This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 844511 Grant Agreement No. 862046. ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza. Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise. We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 823717 ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. G.S. and M.V. acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO). J.D. acknowledges support through FRIPRO-project 274853, which is funded by the Research Council of Norway.","type":"journal_article","keyword":["general engineering"],"volume":3,"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"10561","checksum":"60a1bc9c9b616b1b155044bb8cfc6484","file_size":1917512,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2021_PhysRevResearch_Aggarwal.pdf","date_updated":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","date_created":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","relation":"main_file"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2021","oa":1,"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005","issue":"2","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"8834","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"8831"}]},"has_accepted_license":"1","month":"04","arxiv":1},{"year":"2021","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z","page":"926–943 ","month":"10","isi":1,"arxiv":1,"acknowledgement":"G.S., M.W.,F.A.Z acknowledge financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). F.Z., D.L., G.K. acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grand Agreement Nr. 862046. G.K. acknowledges funding from FP7 ERC Starting Grant 335497, FWF Y 715-N30, FWF P-30207. S.D. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program under Grant\r\nAgreement No. 81050 and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the TOPONANO and CMOSQSPIN projects. J.Z. acknowledges support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301701) and Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000). D.L. and C.K. acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation and NCCR QSIT.","type":"journal_article","volume":6,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2058-8437"]},"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","publication":"Nature Reviews Materials","date_published":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium self assembled hut-wires","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium","grant_number":"Y00715","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","grant_number":"P30207","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"date_created":"2020-12-02T10:52:51Z","external_id":{"isi":["000600826100003"],"arxiv":["2004.08133"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano","first_name":"Giordano","last_name":"Scappucci"},{"full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Kloeffel"},{"full_name":"Zwanenburg, Floris A.","first_name":"Floris A.","last_name":"Zwanenburg"},{"full_name":"Loss, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Loss"},{"first_name":"Maksym","last_name":"Myronov","full_name":"Myronov, Maksym"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Franceschi, Silvano De","last_name":"Franceschi","first_name":"Silvano De"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"},{"last_name":"Veldhorst","first_name":"Menno","full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno"}],"title":"The germanium quantum information route","date_updated":"2024-10-22T09:41:03Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08133","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the worldwide endeavor for disruptive quantum technologies, germanium is emerging as a versatile material to realize devices capable of encoding, processing, or transmitting quantum information. These devices leverage special properties of the germanium valence-band states, commonly known as holes, such as their inherently strong spin-orbit coupling and the ability to host superconducting pairing correlations. In this Review, we initially introduce the physics of holes in low-dimensional germanium structures with key insights from a theoretical perspective. We then examine the material science progress underpinning germanium-based planar heterostructures and nanowires. We review the most significant experimental results demonstrating key building blocks for quantum technology, such as an electrically driven universal quantum gate set with spin qubits in quantum dots and superconductor-semiconductor devices for hybrid quantum systems. We conclude by identifying the most promising prospects\r\ntoward scalable quantum information processing. "}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"         6","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"day":"01","_id":"8911","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"apa":"Scappucci, G., Kloeffel, C., Zwanenburg, F. A., Loss, D., Myronov, M., Zhang, J.-J., … Veldhorst, M. (2021). The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>","ama":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, et al. The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. 2021;6:926–943. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>","chicago":"Scappucci, Giordano, Christoph Kloeffel, Floris A. Zwanenburg, Daniel Loss, Maksym Myronov, Jian-Jun Zhang, Silvano De Franceschi, Georgios Katsaros, and Menno Veldhorst. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","ista":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, Loss D, Myronov M, Zhang J-J, Franceschi SD, Katsaros G, Veldhorst M. 2021. The germanium quantum information route. Nature Reviews Materials. 6, 926–943.","ieee":"G. Scappucci <i>et al.</i>, “The germanium quantum information route,” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 926–943, 2021.","mla":"Scappucci, Giordano, et al. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 926–943, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","short":"G. Scappucci, C. Kloeffel, F.A. Zwanenburg, D. Loss, M. Myronov, J.-J. Zhang, S.D. Franceschi, G. Katsaros, M. Veldhorst, Nature Reviews Materials 6 (2021) 926–943."},"publisher":"Springer Nature"}]