---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '22619'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Planar germanium is currently the only semiconducting platform where high-coherence
    spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity have each been demonstrated.
    Recent research into spin qubits in Ge/SiGe heterostructures has focused on increasing
    the thickness of the SiGe capping layer, reporting improvements in the electrostatic
    noise levels. Meanwhile, heterostructures with thinner capping layers remain rather
    unexplored, despite the potential advantages for proximity-induced superconductivity.
    Here, we study a Ge/SiGe heterostructure with a thin SiGe cap d - 4nm and investigate
    its viability to host low-noise quantum dots. To keep the thermal budget compatible
    with superconducting layers, low-temperature oxide deposition processes were developed
    and implemented for the gate dielectrics. The charge noise level of the fabricated
    devices is estimated to be 1.8  +- 1.0 μeV/ square HZ⁠, comparable to devices
    fabricated on shallow heterostructures (⁠ d - 20nm⁠) with high-temperature deposited
    oxides. Low charge noise levels, together with the straightforward integration
    of superconductors, make this heterostructure an attractive platform for prototyping
    hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We sincerely thank Nick van Loo, Greg Mazur, Dhananjay Joshi, and
  Srijit Goswami for their inputs on low-temperature HfOx deposition; Matias Urdampilleta
  and Daniel Jirovec for discussions; and Kristen Léonard for the careful reading
  of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of
  ISTA through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication
  facility. The authors acknowledge support from the NOMIS Foundation; the European
  Innovation Council Pathfinder Grant No. 101115315 (QuKiT); the FWF Projects with
  DOI:10.55776/F86, DOI:10.55776/PAT7682124, and DOI:10.55776/P36507; and the HE-MSCA-PF
  project with DOI:10.3030/101150858. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Program
  from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Program/Generalitat
  de Catalunya. ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya (No. 2021SGR00457).
  We acknowledge support from the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+)
  on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+).'
article_number: '033505'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Maksim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
  id: 1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Yona A
  full_name: Schell, Yona A
  id: fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5
  last_name: Schell
- first_name: Dina
  full_name: Sokolova, Dina
  id: 2d2d62f8-72f0-11ef-b75a-8ec3e8a60032
  last_name: Sokolova
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
  full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
  id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
  last_name: Roux
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul
  id: 85b43b21-15b2-11ec-abd3-e2c252cc2285
  last_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker
- first_name: Giorgio
  full_name: Fabris, Giorgio
  id: 298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352
  last_name: Fabris
- first_name: Devashish C
  full_name: Shah, Devashish C
  id: de191434-4e7e-11ef-bf4b-9a056fc19fc3
  last_name: Shah
  orcid: 0009-0007-5829-7707
- first_name: Jaime
  full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
  id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
  last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Rodolfo
  full_name: Previdi, Rodolfo
  id: bc4ea1dc-00ce-11ec-8a4e-b325ca8b9876
  last_name: Previdi
- first_name: Inas
  full_name: Taha, Inas
  last_name: Taha
- first_name: Aziz
  full_name: Genç, Aziz
  last_name: Genç
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Afonso De Cerdeira
  full_name: Oliveira, Afonso De Cerdeira
  last_name: Oliveira
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Anton
  full_name: Bubis, Anton
  id: 1f6212b5-f795-11ec-9c0c-de4780302890
  last_name: Bubis
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Borovkov M, Schell YA, Sokolova D, et al. Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow
    Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
    devices. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. 2026;129(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142">10.1063/5.0333142</a>
  apa: Borovkov, M., Schell, Y. A., Sokolova, D., Roux, K. E. R., Falthansl-Scheinecker,
    P., Fabris, G., … Katsaros, G. (2026). Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow
    Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
    devices. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142</a>
  chicago: Borovkov, Maksim, Yona A Schell, Dina Sokolova, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux,
    Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Giorgio Fabris, Devashish C Shah, et al. “Low-Noise
    Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures for Prototyping Hybrid
    Semiconducting–Superconducting Devices.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. AIP Publishing,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142</a>.
  ieee: M. Borovkov <i>et al.</i>, “Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe
    heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices,”
    <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>, vol. 129, no. 3. AIP Publishing, 2026.
  ista: Borovkov M, Schell YA, Sokolova D, Roux KER, Falthansl-Scheinecker P, Fabris
    G, Shah DC, Saez Mollejo J, Previdi R, Taha I, Genç A, Arbiol J, Calcaterra S,
    Oliveira ADC, Chrastina D, Isella G, Bubis A, Katsaros G. 2026. Low-noise quantum
    dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
    devices. Applied Physics Letters. 129(3), 033505.
  mla: Borovkov, Maksim, et al. “Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
    for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting–Superconducting Devices.” <i>Applied Physics
    Letters</i>, vol. 129, no. 3, 033505, AIP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142">10.1063/5.0333142</a>.
  short: M. Borovkov, Y.A. Schell, D. Sokolova, K.E.R. Roux, P. Falthansl-Scheinecker,
    G. Fabris, D.C. Shah, J. Saez Mollejo, R. Previdi, I. Taha, A. Genç, J. Arbiol,
    S. Calcaterra, A.D.C. Oliveira, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, A. Bubis, G. Katsaros,
    Applied Physics Letters 129 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly
  available in Institute of Science and Technology repository at http://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242,
  Ref. 50.
date_created: 2026-08-02T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-07-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-03T11:08:39Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1063/5.0333142
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2602.21363'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142
intvolume: '       129'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.21363
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811
  grant_number: '101115315'
  name: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
    Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: 5b9e579c-ab3d-11f0-914f-88754c5b5a3f
  grant_number: PAT 7682124
  name: Superconducting spin qubits in planar Ge
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 8ea8abf7-16d5-11f0-9cad-c41e56ec8bb3
  grant_number: '101150858'
  name: Realization and Manipulation of a Planar hybrid superconducting Andreev spin
    qubit in Germanium
publication: Applied Physics Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1077-3118
  issn:
  - 0003-6951
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22242'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping
  hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 129
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '23156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Extracting the current-phase relationship (CPR) of a single superconducting
    junction is challenging in practice and traditionally involves embedding the junction
    in a larger superconducting circuit containing SQUIDs and/or resonators. Applying
    ac driving to the junction has proven to be a viable and less invasive way to
    extract information about the few lowest harmonics of the CPR, by locating the
    integer and fractional Shapiro steps in the \U0001D43C⁢\U0001D449-curve of the
    driven junction. Here, we present an alternative driving-based method that allows
    to extract the full harmonic content of a CPR in a relatively noninvasive way,
    by fitting the measured critical currents of the driven junction as a function
    of driving power. We test our method, both using numerical simulations and in
    experiments, and we show that it works accurately."
acknowledgement: 'The authors thank Afonso Oliveira, Stefano Calcaterra, Daniel Chrastina,
  and Giovanni Isella for providing the Ge/SiGe heterostructure. This work was supported
  by the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence funding scheme,
  Project No. 262633, “QuSpin,” the FWF Project with DOI:10.55776/PAT7682124, OeAD
  “ISTA Austria: ISTernship Summer Programme, Non-EU countries” (Ref. No.: MPC-2025-00945),
  the Spanish Comunidad de Madrid (CM) “Talento Program” (Project No. 2022-T1/IND-24070),
  and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities through Grants
  No. CEX2024-001445-S (Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence program) and No. PID2022-140552NA-I00,
  funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.'
article_number: '044017'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Maxim
  full_name: Tjøtta, Maxim
  last_name: Tjøtta
- first_name: Devashish C
  full_name: Shah, Devashish C
  id: de191434-4e7e-11ef-bf4b-9a056fc19fc3
  last_name: Shah
  orcid: 0009-0007-5829-7707
- first_name: Kanishk
  full_name: Modi, Kanishk
  id: f05345fd-900f-11f1-bfd8-8c0b6eadcc7f
  last_name: Modi
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Rubén
  full_name: Seoane Souto, Rubén
  last_name: Seoane Souto
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
citation:
  ama: Tjøtta M, Shah DC, Modi K, et al. Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase
    relationships of individual Josephson elements. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>.
    2026;26(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm">10.1103/d3gl-qntm</a>
  apa: Tjøtta, M., Shah, D. C., Modi, K., Valentini, M., Seoane Souto, R., Katsaros,
    G., &#38; Danon, J. (2026). Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase relationships
    of individual Josephson elements. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm">https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm</a>
  chicago: Tjøtta, Maxim, Devashish C Shah, Kanishk Modi, Marco Valentini, Rubén Seoane
    Souto, Georgios Katsaros, and Jeroen Danon. “Fast-Driving Spectroscopy of Current-Phase
    Relationships of Individual Josephson Elements.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>.
    American Physical Society, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm">https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm</a>.
  ieee: M. Tjøtta <i>et al.</i>, “Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase relationships
    of individual Josephson elements,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26, no.
    4. American Physical Society, 2026.
  ista: Tjøtta M, Shah DC, Modi K, Valentini M, Seoane Souto R, Katsaros G, Danon
    J. 2026. Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase relationships of individual
    Josephson elements. Physical Review Applied. 26(4), 044017.
  mla: Tjøtta, Maxim, et al. “Fast-Driving Spectroscopy of Current-Phase Relationships
    of Individual Josephson Elements.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 26, no.
    4, 044017, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm">10.1103/d3gl-qntm</a>.
  short: M. Tjøtta, D.C. Shah, K. Modi, M. Valentini, R. Seoane Souto, G. Katsaros,
    J. Danon, Physical Review Applied 26 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this article are
  openly available at [10.5281/zenodo.22646275].
date_created: 2026-10-18T22:01:52Z
date_published: 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-19T07:25:01Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1103/d3gl-qntm
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2511.14313'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/d3gl-qntm
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.14313
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 5b9e579c-ab3d-11f0-914f-88754c5b5a3f
  grant_number: PAT 7682124
  name: Superconducting spin qubits in planar Ge
publication: Physical Review Applied
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2331-7019
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase relationships of individual Josephson
  elements
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2026'
...
---
APC_amount: 3036,92 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19597'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Superconductor–semiconductor hybrid systems play a crucial role in realizing
    nanoscale quantum devices, including hybrid qubits, Majorana bound states, and
    Kitaev chains. For such hybrid devices, subgap states play a prominent role in
    their operation. In this paper, we study these subgap states via Coulomb and tunneling
    spectroscopy through a superconducting island defined in a semiconductor nanowire
    fully coated by a superconductor. We systematically explore regimes ranging from
    an almost decoupled island to the open configuration. In the weak-coupling regime,
    the experimental observations are very similar in the absence of a magnetic field
    and when one flux quantum pierces the superconducting shell. Conversely, in the
    strong-coupling regime, significant distinctions emerge between the two cases.
    We attribute this distinct behavior to the existence of subgap states at one flux
    quantum, which become observable only for sufficiently strong coupling to the
    leads. We support our interpretation using a simple model to describe transport
    through the island. Our study highlights the importance of studying a broad range
    of tunnel couplings for understanding the rich physics of hybrid devices.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA,
  through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility.
  This research and related results were made possible with the support of the FWF
  Project with DOI10.55776/F86. We acknowledge support from the European Research
  Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
  under Grant Agreement No. 856526, the Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement
  No. 2020-03412, the Spanish Comunidad de Madrid (CM) “Talento Program” (Project
  No. 2022-T1/IND-24070), the Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation, and Universities
  through Grant PID2022-140552NA-I00 and NanoLund.
article_number: '023022'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Rubén Seoane
  full_name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
  last_name: Souto
- first_name: Maksim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
  id: 1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Krogstrup, Peter
  last_name: Krogstrup
- first_name: Yigal
  full_name: Meir, Yigal
  last_name: Meir
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: 'Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, et al. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor
    hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>.
    2025;7(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>'
  apa: 'Valentini, M., Souto, R. S., Borovkov, M., Krogstrup, P., Meir, Y., Leijnse,
    M., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid
    islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American
    Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>'
  chicago: 'Valentini, Marco, Rubén Seoane Souto, Maksim Borovkov, Peter Krogstrup,
    Yigal Meir, Martin Leijnse, Jeroen Danon, and Georgios Katsaros. “Subgap Transport
    in Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.”
    <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor
    hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2025.'
  ista: 'Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, Krogstrup P, Meir Y, Leijnse M, Danon
    J, Katsaros G. 2025. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands:
    Weak and strong coupling regimes. Physical Review Research. 7(2), 023022.'
  mla: 'Valentini, Marco, et al. “Subgap Transport in Superconductor-Semiconductor
    Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 2, 023022, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>.'
  short: M. Valentini, R.S. Souto, M. Borovkov, P. Krogstrup, Y. Meir, M. Leijnse,
    J. Danon, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-04-20T22:01:28Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-11T09:13:12Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 535351066e9c900340ef014893a09ac8
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-04-22T09:00:08Z
  date_updated: 2025-04-22T09:00:08Z
  file_id: '19604'
  file_name: 2025_PhysReviewResearch_Valentini.pdf
  file_size: 1977581
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-04-22T09:00:08Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
    Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors'
publication: Physical Review Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2643-1564
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and
  strong coupling regimes'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '20594'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: (Scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has significantly advanced
    materials science but faces challenges in correlating precise atomic structure
    information with the functional properties of devices due to its time-intensive
    nature. To address this, an analytical workflow is introduced for the holistic
    characterization, modelling, and simulation of device heterostructures. This workflow
    automates the experimental (S)TEM data analysis, providing an in-depth characterization
    of crystallographic information, 3D orientation, elemental composition, and strain
    distribution. It reduces a process that typically takes days for a trained human
    into an automatic routine solved in minutes. Utilizing a physics-guided artificial
    intelligence model, it generates representative descriptions of materials and
    samples. The workflow culminates in creating digital twins of systems limited
    with at least one axis of translational invariance –3D finite element and atomic
    models of millions of atoms–enabling simulations that provide crucial insights
    into device behavior in practical applications. Demonstrated with SiGe planar
    heterostructures for scalable spin qubits, the workflow links digital twins to
    theoretical properties, revealing how atomic structure impacts materials and functional
    properties such as spatially-resolved phononic or electronic characteristics,
    or (inverse) spin orbit lengths. The versatility of the workflow is demonstrated
    through its application to a wide array of materials systems, device configurations,
    and sample morphologies.
acknowledgement: 'ICN2 acknowledged funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457,
  2021SGR00997 and 2021SGR01519. The authors thank support from the project AMaDE
  (PID2023-149158OB-C43), funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. This study was
  part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding
  from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat de Catalunya
  (In-CAEM Project). The authors acknowledged support from CSIC Interdisciplinary
  Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work
  had been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094),
  through CSIC''s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 was supported by the
  Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN / AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and was
  funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work
  had been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD program. I.P.H. acknowledged funding from AGAUR-FI scholarship (2023FI-00268)
  Joan Oró of the Secretariat of Universities of the Generalitat of Catalonia and
  the European SocialPlus Fund. M.B. acknowledged support from SUR Generalitat de
  Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. This study was supported
  by EU HORIZON INFRA TECH 2022 project IMPRESS (Ref.: 101094299). Authors acknowledged
  the use of instrumentation as well as the technical advice provided by the Joint
  Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledged funding from Grant
  IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional
  Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities,
  Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 was a founding member of e-DREAM.[135] S.R. was also
  supported by MICIN with European funds NextGenerationEU (PRTRC17.I1) funded by Generalitat
  de Catalunya. P.O. acknowledged support from the EU MaX CoE (Grant No. 101093374),
  Grants No. PCI2022-134972-2 and No. PID2022-139776NB-C62 funded by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
  and by the ERDF, A way of making Europe.The authors thank the Catalan Quantum Academy
  for support. The authors acknowledged Dámaso Torres for his support in designing
  the graphical material.'
article_number: e06785
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Pinto-Huguet, Ivan
  last_name: Pinto-Huguet
- first_name: Enzo
  full_name: Rotunno, Enzo
  last_name: Rotunno
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Galvani, Thomas
  last_name: Galvani
- first_name: Catalina
  full_name: Coll, Catalina
  last_name: Coll
- first_name: Payam Habibzadeh
  full_name: Kavkani, Payam Habibzadeh
  last_name: Kavkani
- first_name: Maria Chiara
  full_name: Spadaro, Maria Chiara
  last_name: Spadaro
- first_name: Yann Michel
  full_name: Niquet, Yann Michel
  last_name: Niquet
- first_name: Martin Børstad
  full_name: Eriksen, Martin Børstad
  last_name: Eriksen
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Martí-Sánchez, Sara
  last_name: Martí-Sánchez
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Giordano
  full_name: Scappucci, Giordano
  last_name: Scappucci
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Krogstrup, Peter
  last_name: Krogstrup
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
- first_name: Gonzalo
  full_name: Merino, Gonzalo
  last_name: Merino
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Ordejón, Pablo
  last_name: Ordejón
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Roche, Stephan
  last_name: Roche
- first_name: Vincenzo
  full_name: Grillo, Vincenzo
  last_name: Grillo
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
citation:
  ama: 'Botifoll M, Pinto-Huguet I, Rotunno E, et al. Artificial intelligence-assisted
    workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to
    materials knowledge unveiling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785">10.1002/adma.202506785</a>'
  apa: 'Botifoll, M., Pinto-Huguet, I., Rotunno, E., Galvani, T., Coll, C., Kavkani,
    P. H., … Arbiol, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission
    electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling.
    <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785</a>'
  chicago: 'Botifoll, Marc, Ivan Pinto-Huguet, Enzo Rotunno, Thomas Galvani, Catalina
    Coll, Payam Habibzadeh Kavkani, Maria Chiara Spadaro, et al. “Artificial Intelligence-Assisted
    Workflow for Transmission Electron Microscopy: From Data Analysis Automation to
    Materials Knowledge Unveiling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Botifoll <i>et al.</i>, “Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for
    transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge
    unveiling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2025.'
  ista: 'Botifoll M, Pinto-Huguet I, Rotunno E, Galvani T, Coll C, Kavkani PH, Spadaro
    MC, Niquet YM, Eriksen MB, Martí-Sánchez S, Katsaros G, Scappucci G, Krogstrup
    P, Isella G, Cabot A, Merino G, Ordejón P, Roche S, Grillo V, Arbiol J. 2025.
    Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy:
    From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling. Advanced Materials.,
    e06785.'
  mla: 'Botifoll, Marc, et al. “Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Workflow for Transmission
    Electron Microscopy: From Data Analysis Automation to Materials Knowledge Unveiling.”
    <i>Advanced Materials</i>, e06785, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785">10.1002/adma.202506785</a>.'
  short: M. Botifoll, I. Pinto-Huguet, E. Rotunno, T. Galvani, C. Coll, P.H. Kavkani,
    M.C. Spadaro, Y.M. Niquet, M.B. Eriksen, S. Martí-Sánchez, G. Katsaros, G. Scappucci,
    P. Krogstrup, G. Isella, A. Cabot, G. Merino, P. Ordejón, S. Roche, V. Grillo,
    J. Arbiol, Advanced Materials (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-02T23:01:35Z
date_published: 2025-10-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:12:53Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1002/adma.202506785
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2411.01024'
  isi:
  - '001597428400001'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785
has_accepted_license: '1'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506785
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Advanced Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-4095
  issn:
  - 0935-9648
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy:
  From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
APC_amount: 1260 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20664'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research.
    Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with
    conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international
    conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS.
    We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t CO2 eq..
    For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about
    2–3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t.
    We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with
    research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total
    climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies
    to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues
    more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a
    detailed comparison of train versus air travel – accounting for both direct and
    infrastructure-related emissions – we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable
    carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future
    conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance.
acknowledgement: 'First and foremost, we are grateful to the conference organizers
  who have provided data, either in the form of tables or by pointing us to abstract
  books. We thank the reviewers and the handling editor (Gottfried Otting) for the
  careful reading and suggestions. This project emerged from an interactive course
  about energy and climate, held at IST Austria by Jeroen Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros
  and Paul Schanda. We are grateful to ISTA''s Graduate School for enabling this interdisciplinary
  course and to all participating students. We thank the following persons for discussions
  and/or comments about the manuscript: Helene Van Melckebeke, Mei Hong, Jeff Hoch,
  Gottfried Otting and Matthias Ernst. For the preparation of the manuscript, AI tools
  have been used, namely for finding relevant literature (ChatGPT) and for correcting
  the text (Writefull, within Overleaf LaTeX).'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lucky
  full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
  id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
  last_name: Kapoor
  orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Ruzickova, Natalia
  id: D2761128-D73D-11E9-A1BF-BA0DE6697425
  last_name: Ruzickova
- first_name: Predrag
  full_name: Zivadinovic, Predrag
  id: 68AA0E5A-AFDA-11E9-9994-141DE6697425
  last_name: Zivadinovic
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Leitner, Valentin
  id: 4c665ce3-0016-11ec-bea0-e44de7a4fa3d
  last_name: Leitner
- first_name: Maria A
  full_name: Sisak, Maria A
  id: 44A03D04-AEA4-11E9-B225-EA2DE6697425
  last_name: Sisak
- first_name: Cecelia N
  full_name: Mweka, Cecelia N
  id: 2a69ab4b-896a-11ed-bdf8-cb8641cf2b21
  last_name: Mweka
- first_name: Jeroen A
  full_name: Dobbelaere, Jeroen A
  id: c15a5412-de82-11ed-b809-8dc1aa996e40
  last_name: Dobbelaere
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
citation:
  ama: 'Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, et al. Quantifying the carbon footprint
    of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings. <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. 2025;6(2):243-256.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025">10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>'
  apa: 'Kapoor, L., Ruzickova, N., Zivadinovic, P., Leitner, V., Sisak, M. A., Mweka,
    C. N., … Schanda, P. (2025). Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel:
    The case of NMR meetings. <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. Copernicus Publications.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025">https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>'
  chicago: 'Kapoor, Lucky, Natalia Ruzickova, Predrag Zivadinovic, Valentin Leitner,
    Maria A Sisak, Cecelia N Mweka, Jeroen A Dobbelaere, Georgios Katsaros, and Paul
    Schanda. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel: The Case of NMR
    Meetings.” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>. Copernicus Publications, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025">https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Kapoor <i>et al.</i>, “Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference
    travel: The case of NMR meetings,” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 6, no. 2. Copernicus
    Publications, pp. 243–256, 2025.'
  ista: 'Kapoor L, Ruzickova N, Zivadinovic P, Leitner V, Sisak MA, Mweka CN, Dobbelaere
    JA, Katsaros G, Schanda P. 2025. Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference
    travel: The case of NMR meetings. Magnetic Resonance. 6(2), 243–256.'
  mla: 'Kapoor, Lucky, et al. “Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Conference Travel:
    The Case of NMR Meetings.” <i>Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, Copernicus
    Publications, 2025, pp. 243–56, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025">10.5194/mr-6-243-2025</a>.'
  short: L. Kapoor, N. Ruzickova, P. Zivadinovic, V. Leitner, M.A. Sisak, C.N. Mweka,
    J.A. Dobbelaere, G. Katsaros, P. Schanda, Magnetic Resonance 6 (2025) 243–256.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:39Z
date_published: 2025-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-10T08:45:11Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: JoFi
- _id: GaTk
- _id: JoCs
- _id: EvBe
- _id: TaHa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
- _id: PaSc
doi: 10.5194/mr-6-243-2025
file:
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  checksum: c63dd47b0e77f9451821436bb77d27c9
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-11-24T08:25:19Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-24T08:25:19Z
  file_id: '20672'
  file_name: 2025_MagneticResonance_Kapoor.pdf
  file_size: 3081399
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T08:25:19Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-6-243-2025
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 243-256
project:
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
  name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2699-0016
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA website
    relation: research_data
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/carbon-footprint-of-conference-travel/
  record:
  - id: '20242'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20730'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Radio-frequency measurements could satisfy DiVincenzo’s readout criterion
    in future large-scale solid-state quantum processors, as they allow for high bandwidths
    and frequency multiplexing. However, the scalability potential of this readout
    technique can only be leveraged if quantum device tuning is performed using exclusively
    radio-frequency measurements, that is, without resorting to current measurements.
    We demonstrate an algorithm that performs automatic coarse tuning of double quantum
    dots with only radio-frequency measurements by exploiting their bandwidth and
    impedance matching. The tuning was completed within a few minutes with minimal
    prior knowledge about the device. Our results show that it is possible to eliminate
    the need for transport measurements for quantum-dot tuning, paving the way for
    more scalable device architectures.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank Nicholas Sim for providing help with the rf cavities and
  David Craig for his feedback on the paper. This work was supported by the Royal
  Society (URF-R1-191150), the EPSRC National Quantum Technology Hub in Networked
  Quantum Information Technology (EP/M013243/1), Quantum Technology Capital (EP/N014995/1),
  EPSRC Platform Grant (EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement
  948932), the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided
  by the nanofabrication facility, the FWF-P 30207, and FWF-I 05060 projects, and
  Grant No. FQXi-IAF19-01 from the Foundational Questions Institute Fund, a donor-advised
  fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation.
article_number: '054030'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Barnaby
  full_name: Van Straaten, Barnaby
  last_name: Van Straaten
- first_name: Federico
  full_name: Fedele, Federico
  last_name: Fedele
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Vigneau, Florian
  last_name: Vigneau
- first_name: Joseph
  full_name: Hickie, Joseph
  last_name: Hickie
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Ares, Natalia
  last_name: Ares
citation:
  ama: Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Vigneau F, et al. All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm
    for quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2025;24(5).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm">10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>
  apa: Van Straaten, B., Fedele, F., Vigneau, F., Hickie, J., Jirovec, D., Ballabio,
    A., … Ares, N. (2025). All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices
    using machine learning. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm">https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>
  chicago: Van Straaten, Barnaby, Federico Fedele, Florian Vigneau, Joseph Hickie,
    Daniel Jirovec, Andrea Ballabio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Georgios Katsaros,
    and Natalia Ares. “All-Rf-Based Coarse-Tuning Algorithm for Quantum Devices Using
    Machine Learning.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm">https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>.
  ieee: B. Van Straaten <i>et al.</i>, “All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum
    devices using machine learning,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, no.
    5. American Physical Society, 2025.
  ista: Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Vigneau F, Hickie J, Jirovec D, Ballabio A, Chrastina
    D, Isella G, Katsaros G, Ares N. 2025. All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for
    quantum devices using machine learning. Physical Review Applied. 24(5), 054030.
  mla: Van Straaten, Barnaby, et al. “All-Rf-Based Coarse-Tuning Algorithm for Quantum
    Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, no.
    5, 054030, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm">10.1103/v11m-dbhm</a>.
  short: B. Van Straaten, F. Fedele, F. Vigneau, J. Hickie, D. Jirovec, A. Ballabio,
    D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, N. Ares, Physical Review Applied 24 (2025).
date_created: 2025-12-07T23:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-09T14:49:35Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/v11m-dbhm
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9906b32c7e3c79ed13d05ef88ff15586
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-12-09T13:34:38Z
  date_updated: 2025-12-09T13:34:38Z
  file_id: '20748'
  file_name: 2025_PhysReviewApplied_vanStraaten.pdf
  file_size: 5754118
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-09T13:34:38Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/v11m-dbhm
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        24'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
publication: Physical Review Applied
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2331-7019
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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  - id: '20750'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: All-rf-based coarse-tuning algorithm for quantum devices using machine learning
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 24
year: '2025'
...
---
APC_amount: 7068 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19401'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for
    the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their
    high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations
    of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However,
    fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging,
    as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to
    control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators
    by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film
    deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium
    films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding
    13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with
    a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with
    a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for
    novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger,
  Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank
  Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the
  Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine
  Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made
  possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515
  project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund
  (FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/P32235, https://doi.org/10.55776/I5060 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36507.
  For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license
  to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges
  funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. K.R. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant
  Agreement No. 101034413. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG - German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED).
  ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge
  support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies
  (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU
  (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP).
  ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
  CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
  Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma
  de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. AGM has received funding from Grant
  RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union
  NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya
  and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the
  use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy
  Centre at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB)
  funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),
  with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya.
  ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM60.'
article_number: '2103'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
  full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
  id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
  last_name: Roux
- first_name: Carla N
  full_name: Borja Espinosa, Carla N
  id: 18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16
  last_name: Borja Espinosa
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Abdulhamid
  full_name: Baghdadi, Abdulhamid
  id: 160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425
  last_name: Baghdadi
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alba
  full_name: Garzón Manjón, Alba
  last_name: Garzón Manjón
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Ioan M.
  full_name: Pop, Ioan M.
  last_name: Pop
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling
    in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    2025;16. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>
  apa: Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger,
    T., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
    by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>
  chicago: Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver
    Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong
    Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.
  ieee: M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
    enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    16. Springer Nature, 2025.
  ista: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T,
    Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Garzón Manjón A, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop
    IM, Katsaros G. 2025. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
    by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. 16, 2103.
  mla: Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled
    by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16,
    2103, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.
  short: M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger,
    S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A. Garzón Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella,
    I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-03-16T23:01:23Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:05:09Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: JoFi
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2407.03079'
  isi:
  - '001434774800001'
  pmid:
  - '40025007'
file:
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-03-17T10:53:32Z
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  file_id: '19415'
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file_date_updated: 2025-03-17T10:53:32Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
  call_identifier: FWF
  name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
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  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium
  superinductors
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2025'
...
---
APC_amount: 7068 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19424'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Hole spin qubits are rapidly emerging as the workhorse of semiconducting
    quantum processors because of their large spin-orbit interaction, enabling fast
    all-electric operations at low power. However, spin-orbit interaction also causes
    non-uniformities in devices, resulting in locally varying qubit energies and site-dependent
    anisotropies. While these anisotropies can be used to drive single-spins, if not
    properly harnessed, they can hinder the path toward large-scale quantum processors.
    Here, we report on microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits in planar germanium
    and use them to investigate the anisotropy of two spins in a double quantum dot.
    We show two distinct operating regimes depending on the magnetic field direction.
    For in-plane fields, the two spins are largely anisotropic, and electrically tunable,
    which enables to measure all the available transitions; coherence times exceeding
    3 $\\mu$s are extracted. For out-of-plane fields, they have an isotropic response
    but preserve the substantial energy difference required to address the singlet-triplet
    qubit. Even in this field direction, where the qubit lifetime\r\nis strongly affected
    by nuclear spins, we find 400 ns coherence times. Our work adds a valuable tool
    to investigate and harness the anisotropy of spin qubits and can be implemented
    in any large-scale NxN device, facilitating the path towards scalable quantum
    processors."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We thank A. Crippa for helpful discussions. This research was supported
  by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine
  Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made
  possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project
  and the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/F86 and DOI:10.55776/I5060. M.R.-R. acknowledges
  support from the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) under Veni
  grant VI.Veni.212.223. The\r\nResearch of S.B. and M.R.-R. was sponsored in part
  by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under Award Number: W911NF-23-1-0110.
  The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and
  should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed
  or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government
  is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding
  any copyright notation herein."
article_number: '3862'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jaime
  full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
  id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
  last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Yona A
  full_name: Schell, Yona A
  id: fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5
  last_name: Schell
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Rimbach-Russ, Maximilian
  last_name: Rimbach-Russ
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Bosco, Stefano
  last_name: Bosco
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, et al. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven
    singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>
  apa: Saez Mollejo, J., Jirovec, D., Schell, Y. A., Kukucka, J., Calcaterra, S.,
    Chrastina, D., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven
    singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>
  chicago: Saez Mollejo, Jaime, Daniel Jirovec, Yona A Schell, Josip Kukucka, Stefano
    Calcaterra, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Maximilian Rimbach-Russ, Stefano
    Bosco, and Georgios Katsaros. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.
  ieee: J. Saez Mollejo <i>et al.</i>, “Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven
    singlet-triplet qubits,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature,
    2025.
  ista: Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, Kukucka J, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D,
    Isella G, Rimbach-Russ M, Bosco S, Katsaros G. 2025. Exchange anisotropies in
    microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. Nature Communications. 16, 3862.
  mla: Saez Mollejo, Jaime, et al. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 3862, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.
  short: J. Saez Mollejo, D. Jirovec, Y.A. Schell, J. Kukucka, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina,
    G. Isella, M. Rimbach-Russ, S. Bosco, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-03-19T13:28:12Z
date_published: 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-20T22:31:01Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2408.03224'
  isi:
  - '001475587400022'
  pmid:
  - '40274808'
file:
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  checksum: 13fe84cddc9d4e47213bf17acdac70d7
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-05-05T07:08:23Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-05T07:08:23Z
  file_id: '19645'
  file_name: 2025_NatureComm_SaezMollejo.pdf
  file_size: 1548756
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file_date_updated: 2025-05-05T07:08:23Z
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isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
    Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
  call_identifier: FWF
  name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA website
    relation: research_data
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-shadow-of-an-electron/
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  - id: '19836'
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2025'
...
---
APC_amount: 6468 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '14793'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest
    in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor
    technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such
    as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer
    the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying
    the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard
    superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting
    diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows
    to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair
    tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement
    this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100%
    efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin
    qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the
    same silicon technology compatible platform.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco
  Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger,
  and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the
  support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible
  with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the
  nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation
  programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project,
  the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the
  FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the
  authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript
  version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject
  No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290."
article_number: '169'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  id: 7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs
  full_name: de Gijsel, Thijs
  id: a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee
  last_name: de Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Jung, Jason
  id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan L
  full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
  id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Aguilera Servin
  orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén
  full_name: Seoane Souto, Rubén
  last_name: Seoane Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Bakkers, Erik
  last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport
    and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    2024;15. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra,
    S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting
    diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
    Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair
    Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal
    superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15. Springer Nature, 2024.
  ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
    A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse
    M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving
    Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature
    Communications. 15, 169.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal
    Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
    A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.
    Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella,
    G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: All experimental data included in this work are available
  at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.
date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:56Z
date_published: 2024-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T10:23:53Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001142794000839'
  pmid:
  - '38167818'
file:
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  file_id: '14825'
  file_name: 2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf
  file_size: 2336595
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-17T11:03:00Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811
  grant_number: '101115315'
  name: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
    Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
  call_identifier: FWF
  name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    status: public
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    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in
  planar germanium
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
_id: '15320'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Josephson diodes are superconducting elements that show an asymmetry in the
    critical current depending on the direction of the current. Here, we theoretically
    explore how an alternating current bias can tune the response of such a diode.
    We show that for slow driving there is always a regime where the system can only
    carry zero-voltage dc current in one direction, thus effectively behaving as an
    ideal Josephson diode. Under fast driving, the diode efficiency is also tunable,
    although the ideal regime cannot be reached in this case. We also investigate
    the residual dissipation due to the time-dependent current bias and show that
    it remains small. All our conclusions are solely based on the critical current
    asymmetry of the junction, and are thus compatible with any Josephson diode.
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge support from research grants Spanish CM Talento Program
  (Project No. 2022-T1/IND-24070), Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation, and Universities
  through Grant No. PID2022-140552NA-I00, Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement
  No. 2020-03412, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 856526, Nanolund,
  FWF Project with [82],\r\nand Microsoft Corporation. "
article_number: L022002
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Rubén
  full_name: Seoane Souto, Rubén
  last_name: Seoane Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
citation:
  ama: Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Schrade C, Valentini M, Katsaros G, Danon J. Tuning
    the Josephson diode response with an ac current. <i>Physical Review Research</i>.
    2024;6(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>
  apa: Seoane Souto, R., Leijnse, M., Schrade, C., Valentini, M., Katsaros, G., &#38;
    Danon, J. (2024). Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current. <i>Physical
    Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>
  chicago: Seoane Souto, Rubén, Martin Leijnse, Constantin Schrade, Marco Valentini,
    Georgios Katsaros, and Jeroen Danon. “Tuning the Josephson Diode Response with
    an Ac Current.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2024.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>.
  ieee: R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, C. Schrade, M. Valentini, G. Katsaros, and J.
    Danon, “Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current,” <i>Physical Review
    Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2024.
  ista: Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Schrade C, Valentini M, Katsaros G, Danon J. 2024.
    Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current. Physical Review Research.
    6(2), L022002.
  mla: Seoane Souto, Rubén, et al. “Tuning the Josephson Diode Response with an Ac
    Current.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, L022002, American Physical
    Society, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002</a>.
  short: R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, C. Schrade, M. Valentini, G. Katsaros, J. Danon,
    Physical Review Research 6 (2024).
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2024-04-14T22:01:02Z
date_published: 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T10:26:37Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7b9cb3b17d89f392bd582e30d7a72a29
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-04-17T07:14:53Z
  date_updated: 2024-04-17T07:14:53Z
  file_id: '15327'
  file_name: 2024_PhysReviewResearch_Souto.pdf
  file_size: 1073544
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-04-17T07:14:53Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022002
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Physical Review Research
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2643-1564
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Tuning the Josephson diode response with an ac current
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 6
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '17389'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The potential of Si and SiGe-based devices for the scaling of quantum circuits
    is tainted by device variability. Each device needs to be tuned to operation conditions
    and each device realisation requires a different tuning protocol. We demonstrate
    that it is possible to automate the tuning of a 4-gate Si FinFET, a 5-gate GeSi
    nanowire and a 7-gate Ge/SiGe heterostructure double quantum dot device from scratch
    with the same algorithm. We achieve tuning times of 30, 10, and 92 min, respectively.
    The algorithm also provides insight into the parameter space landscape for each
    of these devices, allowing for the characterization of the regions where double
    quantum dot regimes are found. These results show that overarching solutions for
    the tuning of quantum devices are enabled by machine learning.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We acknowledge Ang Li, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers (University of Eindhoven)
  for the fabrication of the Ge/Si nanowire. This work was supported by the Royal
  Society, the EPSRC National Quantum Technology Hub in Networked Quantum Information
  Technology (EP/M013243/1), Quantum Technology Capital (EP/N014995/1), EPSRC Platform
  Grant (EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant agreement 948932), the
  Swiss Nanoscience Institute, the NCCR SPIN, the EU H2020 European Microkelvin Platform
  EMP grant No. 824109, the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources
  provided by the nanofabrication facility, the FWF-I 05060 and the FWF-P 30207 project.
article_number: '17281'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Severin, B.
  last_name: Severin
- first_name: D. T.
  full_name: Lennon, D. T.
  last_name: Lennon
- first_name: L. C.
  full_name: Camenzind, L. C.
  last_name: Camenzind
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Vigneau, F.
  last_name: Vigneau
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Fedele, F.
  last_name: Fedele
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Ballabio, A.
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Chrastina, D.
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Isella, G.
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: M.
  full_name: de Kruijf, M.
  last_name: de Kruijf
- first_name: M. J.
  full_name: Carballido, M. J.
  last_name: Carballido
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Svab, S.
  last_name: Svab
- first_name: A. V.
  full_name: Kuhlmann, A. V.
  last_name: Kuhlmann
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Geyer, S.
  last_name: Geyer
- first_name: F. N. M.
  full_name: Froning, F. N. M.
  last_name: Froning
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Moon, H.
  last_name: Moon
- first_name: M. A.
  full_name: Osborne, M. A.
  last_name: Osborne
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Sejdinovic, D.
  last_name: Sejdinovic
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: D. M.
  full_name: Zumbühl, D. M.
  last_name: Zumbühl
- first_name: G. A. D.
  full_name: Briggs, G. A. D.
  last_name: Briggs
- first_name: N.
  full_name: Ares, N.
  last_name: Ares
citation:
  ama: Severin B, Lennon DT, Camenzind LC, et al. Cross-architecture tuning of silicon
    and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine learning. <i>Scientific Reports</i>.
    2024;14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z">10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>
  apa: Severin, B., Lennon, D. T., Camenzind, L. C., Vigneau, F., Fedele, F., Jirovec,
    D., … Ares, N. (2024). Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum
    devices using machine learning. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>
  chicago: Severin, B., D. T. Lennon, L. C. Camenzind, F. Vigneau, F. Fedele, Daniel
    Jirovec, A. Ballabio, et al. “Cross-Architecture Tuning of Silicon and SiGe-Based
    Quantum Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature,
    2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>.
  ieee: B. Severin <i>et al.</i>, “Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based
    quantum devices using machine learning,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14. Springer
    Nature, 2024.
  ista: Severin B, Lennon DT, Camenzind LC, Vigneau F, Fedele F, Jirovec D, Ballabio
    A, Chrastina D, Isella G, de Kruijf M, Carballido MJ, Svab S, Kuhlmann AV, Geyer
    S, Froning FNM, Moon H, Osborne MA, Sejdinovic D, Katsaros G, Zumbühl DM, Briggs
    GAD, Ares N. 2024. Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum
    devices using machine learning. Scientific Reports. 14, 17281.
  mla: Severin, B., et al. “Cross-Architecture Tuning of Silicon and SiGe-Based Quantum
    Devices Using Machine Learning.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 14, 17281, Springer
    Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z">10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z</a>.
  short: B. Severin, D.T. Lennon, L.C. Camenzind, F. Vigneau, F. Fedele, D. Jirovec,
    A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, M. de Kruijf, M.J. Carballido, S. Svab,
    A.V. Kuhlmann, S. Geyer, F.N.M. Froning, H. Moon, M.A. Osborne, D. Sejdinovic,
    G. Katsaros, D.M. Zumbühl, G.A.D. Briggs, N. Ares, Scientific Reports 14 (2024).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data acquired by the algorithm during experiments is
  available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
date_created: 2024-08-05T08:50:51Z
date_published: 2024-07-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:04:33Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2107.12975'
  isi:
  - '001281273100062'
  pmid:
  - '39068242'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 0b34b89e5f4f3f7b32ffadf104394594
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-08-05T08:52:14Z
  date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:52:14Z
  file_id: '17390'
  file_name: 2024_ScientificReports_Severin.pdf
  file_size: 2255741
  relation: main_file
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file_date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:52:14Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67787-z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
publication: Scientific Reports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2045-2322
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '10066'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
researchdata_availability: upon request
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Cross-architecture tuning of silicon and SiGe-based quantum devices using machine
  learning
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 14
year: '2024'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '18602'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in planar germanium (Ge) heterostructures
    have emerged as front-runners for future hole-based quantum processors. Here,
    we present strong coupling between a hole charge qubit, defined in a double quantum
    dot (DQD) in planar Ge, and microwave photons in a high-impedance (Zr = 1.3 kΩ)
    resonator based on an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs).
    Our investigation reveals vacuum-Rabi splittings with coupling strengths up to
    g0/2π = 260 MHz, and a cooperativity of C ~ 100, dependent on DQD tuning. Furthermore,
    utilizing the frequency tunability of our resonator, we explore the quenched energy
    splitting associated with strong Coulomb correlation effects in Ge QDs. The observed
    enhanced coherence of the strongly correlated excited state signals the presence
    of distinct symmetries within related spin functions, serving as a precursor to
    the strong coupling between photons and spin-charge hybrid qubits in planar Ge.
    This work paves the way towards coherent quantum connections between remote hole
    qubits in planar Ge, required to scale up hole-based quantum processors.
acknowledgement: The authors thank Simone Frasca, Vincent Jouanny, Guillaume Beaulieu,
  Camille Roy, Dominic Dahinden, Davide Lombardo, Daniel Chrastina, and Siddhart Gautam
  for contributing to some cleanroom fabrication steps, the measurement setup, device
  simulations, data analysis, and for the useful discussions. P.S. acknowledges support
  from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through the grants Ref. No. 200021
  200418 and Ref. No. 206021_205335, and from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education,
  Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 01042765 SEFRI MB22.00081.
  W.J. acknowledges support from the EPFL QSE Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant. S.B.,
  D.L., and P.S. acknowledge support from the NCCR Spin Qubit in Silicon (NCCR-SPIN)
  Grant No. 51NF40-180604. M.J., G.K., G.I., and S.C. acknowledge support from the
  Horizon Europe Project IGNITE ID 101070193. G.K. acknowledges support from the FWF
  via the P32235 and I05060 projects.
article_number: '10177'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Franco
  full_name: De Palma, Franco
  last_name: De Palma
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Oppliger, Fabian
  last_name: Oppliger
- first_name: Wonjin
  full_name: Jang, Wonjin
  last_name: Jang
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Bosco, Stefano
  last_name: Bosco
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Loss, Daniel
  last_name: Loss
- first_name: Pasquale
  full_name: Scarlino, Pasquale
  last_name: Scarlino
citation:
  ama: De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, et al. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar
    Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    2024;15. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>
  apa: De Palma, F., Oppliger, F., Jang, W., Bosco, S., Janik, M., Calcaterra, S.,
    … Scarlino, P. (2024). Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge
    degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>
  chicago: De Palma, Franco, Fabian Oppliger, Wonjin Jang, Stefano Bosco, Marian Janik,
    Stefano Calcaterra, Georgios Katsaros, Giovanni Isella, Daniel Loss, and Pasquale
    Scarlino. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing Charge Degree
    and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature,
    2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.
  ieee: F. De Palma <i>et al.</i>, “Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing
    charge degree and strongly correlated states,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15. Springer Nature, 2024.
  ista: De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, Bosco S, Janik M, Calcaterra S, Katsaros G,
    Isella G, Loss D, Scarlino P. 2024. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for
    probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. Nature Communications. 15,
    10177.
  mla: De Palma, Franco, et al. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing
    Charge Degree and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15, 10177, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.
  short: F. De Palma, F. Oppliger, W. Jang, S. Bosco, M. Janik, S. Calcaterra, G.
    Katsaros, G. Isella, D. Loss, P. Scarlino, Nature Communications 15 (2024).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The datasets generated during the current study are available
  in Zenodo with the identifier https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13935167.
date_created: 2024-12-01T23:01:53Z
date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:02:23Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7
external_id:
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  - '001362684200001'
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    relation: research_data
    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly
  correlated states
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
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abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Charge sensing is a sensitive technique for probing quantum devices, of particular
    importance for spin-qubit readout. To achieve good readout sensitivities, the
    proximity of the charge sensor to the device to be measured is a necessity. However,
    this proximity also means that the operation of the device affects, in turn, the
    sensor tuning and ultimately the readout sensitivity. We present an approach for
    compensating for this crosstalk effect allowing for the gate voltages of the measured
    device to be swept in a 1-V × 1-V window while maintaining a sensor configuration
    chosen by a Bayesian optimizer. Our algorithm will hopefully be a major contribution
    to the suite of fully automated solutions required for the operation of large
    quantum device architectures.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank Nicholas Sim for providing help with the experiment and
  Sebastian Orbell for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Royal Society,
  the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) National Quantum
  Technology Hub in Networked Quantum Information Technology (Grant No. EP/M013243/1),
  Quantum Technology Capital (Grant No. EP/N014995/1), the EPSRC Platform Grant (Grant
  No. EP/R029229/1), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932), the
  Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through
  resources provided by the nanofabrication facility and, the FWF-I 05060 and HORIZON-RIA
  101069515 projects.
article_number: '064026'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Joseph
  full_name: Hickie, Joseph
  last_name: Hickie
- first_name: Barnaby
  full_name: Van Straaten, Barnaby
  last_name: Van Straaten
- first_name: Federico
  full_name: Fedele, Federico
  last_name: Fedele
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Ares, Natalia
  last_name: Ares
citation:
  ama: Hickie J, Van Straaten B, Fedele F, et al. Automated long-range compensation
    of an rf quantum dot sensor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2024;22(6). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>
  apa: Hickie, J., Van Straaten, B., Fedele, F., Jirovec, D., Ballabio, A., Chrastina,
    D., … Ares, N. (2024). Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot
    sensor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>
  chicago: Hickie, Joseph, Barnaby Van Straaten, Federico Fedele, Daniel Jirovec,
    Andrea Ballabio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Georgios Katsaros, and Natalia
    Ares. “Automated Long-Range Compensation of an Rf Quantum Dot Sensor.” <i>Physical
    Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>.
  ieee: J. Hickie <i>et al.</i>, “Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum
    dot sensor,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 6. American Physical
    Society, 2024.
  ista: Hickie J, Van Straaten B, Fedele F, Jirovec D, Ballabio A, Chrastina D, Isella
    G, Katsaros G, Ares N. 2024. Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum
    dot sensor. Physical Review Applied. 22(6), 064026.
  mla: Hickie, Joseph, et al. “Automated Long-Range Compensation of an Rf Quantum
    Dot Sensor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 22, no. 6, 064026, American
    Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026</a>.
  short: J. Hickie, B. Van Straaten, F. Fedele, D. Jirovec, A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina,
    G. Isella, G. Katsaros, N. Ares, Physical Review Applied 22 (2024).
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2024-12-15T23:01:50Z
date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:04:04Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001379155900003'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: bc29a40819abc4969867b6cd6563f7ad
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-12-16T11:13:48Z
  date_updated: 2024-12-16T11:13:48Z
  file_id: '18662'
  file_name: 2024_PhysicalReviewApplied_Hickie.pdf
  file_size: 3560132
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-12-16T11:13:48Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064026
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        22'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
publication: Physical Review Applied
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2331-7019
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Automated long-range compensation of an rf quantum dot sensor
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 22
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '15018'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The epitaxial growth of a strained Ge layer, which is a promising candidate
    for the channel material of a hole spin qubit, has been demonstrated on 300 mm
    Si wafers using commercially available Si0.3Ge0.7 strain relaxed buffer (SRB)
    layers. The assessment of the layer and the interface qualities for a buried strained
    Ge layer embedded in Si0.3Ge0.7 layers is reported. The XRD reciprocal space mapping
    confirmed that the reduction of the growth temperature enables the 2-dimensional
    growth of the Ge layer fully strained with respect to the Si0.3Ge0.7. Nevertheless,
    dislocations at the top and/or bottom interface of the Ge layer were observed
    by means of electron channeling contrast imaging, suggesting the importance of
    the careful dislocation assessment. The interface abruptness does not depend on
    the selection of the precursor gases, but it is strongly influenced by the growth
    temperature which affects the coverage of the surface H-passivation. The mobility
    of 2.7 × 105 cm2/Vs is promising, while the low percolation density of 3 × 1010
    /cm2 measured with a Hall-bar device at 7 K illustrates the high quality of the
    heterostructure thanks to the high Si0.3Ge0.7 SRB quality.
acknowledgement: The Ge project received funding from the European Union's Horizon
  Europe programme under the Grant Agreement 101069515 – IGNITE. Siltronic AG is acknowledged
  for providing the SRB wafers. This work was supported by Imec's Industrial Affiliation
  Program on Quantum Computing.
article_number: '108231'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yosuke
  full_name: Shimura, Yosuke
  last_name: Shimura
- first_name: Clement
  full_name: Godfrin, Clement
  last_name: Godfrin
- first_name: Andriy
  full_name: Hikavyy, Andriy
  last_name: Hikavyy
- first_name: Roy
  full_name: Li, Roy
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Juan L
  full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
  id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Aguilera Servin
  orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Paola
  full_name: Favia, Paola
  last_name: Favia
- first_name: Han
  full_name: Han, Han
  last_name: Han
- first_name: Danny
  full_name: Wan, Danny
  last_name: Wan
- first_name: Kristiaan
  full_name: de Greve, Kristiaan
  last_name: de Greve
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Loo, Roger
  last_name: Loo
citation:
  ama: Shimura Y, Godfrin C, Hikavyy A, et al. Compressively strained epitaxial Ge
    layers for quantum computing applications. <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor
    Processing</i>. 2024;174(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231">10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>
  apa: Shimura, Y., Godfrin, C., Hikavyy, A., Li, R., Aguilera Servin, J. L., Katsaros,
    G., … Loo, R. (2024). Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing
    applications. <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>
  chicago: Shimura, Yosuke, Clement Godfrin, Andriy Hikavyy, Roy Li, Juan L Aguilera
    Servin, Georgios Katsaros, Paola Favia, et al. “Compressively Strained Epitaxial
    Ge Layers for Quantum Computing Applications.” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor
    Processing</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>.
  ieee: Y. Shimura <i>et al.</i>, “Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for
    quantum computing applications,” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>,
    vol. 174, no. 5. Elsevier, 2024.
  ista: Shimura Y, Godfrin C, Hikavyy A, Li R, Aguilera Servin JL, Katsaros G, Favia
    P, Han H, Wan D, de Greve K, Loo R. 2024. Compressively strained epitaxial Ge
    layers for quantum computing applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor
    Processing. 174(5), 108231.
  mla: Shimura, Yosuke, et al. “Compressively Strained Epitaxial Ge Layers for Quantum
    Computing Applications.” <i>Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing</i>,
    vol. 174, no. 5, 108231, Elsevier, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231">10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231</a>.
  short: Y. Shimura, C. Godfrin, A. Hikavyy, R. Li, J.L. Aguilera Servin, G. Katsaros,
    P. Favia, H. Han, D. Wan, K. de Greve, R. Loo, Materials Science in Semiconductor
    Processing 174 (2024).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: No data was used for the research described in the article.
date_created: 2024-02-22T14:10:40Z
date_published: 2024-05-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:06:21Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001188520000001'
file:
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  checksum: 62e8e9ae960387a3dca32ec7f5e413ab
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-07-22T11:56:08Z
  date_updated: 2024-07-22T11:56:08Z
  file_id: '17312'
  file_name: 2024_MaterialsScience_Shimura.pdf
  file_size: 4220165
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file_date_updated: 2024-07-22T11:56:08Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       174'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
keyword:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Mechanics of Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
publication: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1369-8001
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: not applicable
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 174
year: '2024'
...
---
APC_amount: 6828 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '17202'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson junctions
    have recently emerged as building blocks for hybrid quantum circuits. In this
    study, we present a gatemon fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity
    in a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which
    separates the superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction
    is then integrated into an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission
    line resonator. We showcase the qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with
    resonator and two-tone spectroscopy. Time-domain characterizations reveal energy
    relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our results, combined with the recent
    advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel hybrid and protected
    qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Lucas Casparis, Jeroen Danon, Valla Fatemi, Morten
  Kjaergard and Javad Shabani for their valuable insights and comments. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided
  by the MIBA Machine Shop\r\nand the Nanofabrication facility. This research and
  related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and
  the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. We also acknowledge
  the NextGenerationEU PRIN project\r\n2022A8CJP3 (GAMESQUAD) for partial financial
  support."
article_number: '6400'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
  id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
  last_name: Crippa
  orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  id: 7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Giorgio
  full_name: Fabris, Giorgio
  id: 298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352
  last_name: Fabris
- first_name: Lucky
  full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
  id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
  last_name: Kapoor
  orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Farid
  full_name: Hassani, Farid
  id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hassani
  orcid: 0000-0001-6937-5773
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, et al. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar
    Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>
  apa: Sagi, O., Crippa, A., Valentini, M., Janik, M., Baghumyan, L., Fabris, G.,
    … Katsaros, G. (2024). A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>
  chicago: Sagi, Oliver, Alessandro Crippa, Marco Valentini, Marian Janik, Levon Baghumyan,
    Giorgio Fabris, Lucky Kapoor, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar
    Ge.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.
  ieee: O. Sagi <i>et al.</i>, “A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge,” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.
  ista: Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, Janik M, Baghumyan L, Fabris G, Kapoor L, Hassani
    F, Fink JM, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. A gate tunable
    transmon qubit in planar Ge. Nature Communications. 15, 6400.
  mla: Sagi, Oliver, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 15, 6400, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.
  short: O. Sagi, A. Crippa, M. Valentini, M. Janik, L. Baghumyan, G. Fabris, L. Kapoor,
    F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature
    Communications 15 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: All experimental data included in this work will be available
  at the ISTA Research Data Repository
date_created: 2024-07-04T11:40:45Z
date_published: 2024-07-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:23:23Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: JoFi
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2403.16774'
  isi:
  - '001281271000022'
  pmid:
  - '39080279'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ddf5361dcb6c543e2cea818501c09910
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-08-05T08:38:01Z
  date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:38:01Z
  file_id: '17388'
  file_name: 2024_NatureComm_Sagi.pdf
  file_size: 1928001
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:38:01Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
  call_identifier: FWF
  name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53910-1
  record:
  - id: '18076'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '17196'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '18144'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for\r\nthe
    realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their\r\nhigh
    impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point\r\nfluctuations
    of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge\r\nqubits. However,
    fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular\r\nsuperconductors is
    challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance\r\nat high values are
    difficult to control. Here we have integrated a granular\r\naluminium resonator,
    having a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance\r\nquantum, with a
    germanium double quantum dot and demonstrate strong\r\ncharge-photon coupling
    with a rate of $g_\\text{c}/2\\pi= (566 \\pm 2)$ MHz. This\r\nwas achieved due
    to the realisation of a wireless ohmmeter, which allows\r\n\\emph{in situ} measurements
    during film deposition and, therefore, control of\r\nthe kinetic inductance of
    granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of\r\ncircuits with impedances
    (inductances) exceeding 13 k$\\Omega$ (1 nH per square)\r\nis now possible. This
    broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits\r\nand high-fidelity,
    long-distance two-qubit gates."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger,
  Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided
  by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related
  results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA
  101069515 project, the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060
  and DOI:10.55776/P36507. IMP acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED).
  ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge
  support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies
  (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU
  (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s\r\nQuantum Technologies Platform (QTEP).
  ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
  CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
  Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma
  de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant
  RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union
  NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya
  and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors\r\nacknowledge the
  use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy
  Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB)
  funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development\r\nFund (ERDF),
  with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya.
  ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM [60]."
article_number: '2407.03079'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
  full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
  id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
  last_name: Roux
- first_name: Carla N
  full_name: Borja Espinosa, Carla N
  id: 18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16
  last_name: Borja Espinosa
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Abdulhamid
  full_name: Baghdadi, Abdulhamid
  id: 160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425
  last_name: Baghdadi
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alba Garzón
  full_name: Manjón, Alba Garzón
  last_name: Manjón
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Ioan M.
  full_name: Pop, Ioan M.
  last_name: Pop
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling
    in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>
  apa: Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger,
    T., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
    by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>
  chicago: Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver
    Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong
    Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.”
    <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.
  ieee: M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
    enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T,
    Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Manjón AG, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM,
    Katsaros G. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular 
    aluminium superinductors. arXiv, 2407.03079.
  mla: Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled
    by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2407.03079, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.
  short: M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger,
    S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A.G. Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M.
    Pop, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2024-09-26T09:50:43Z
date_published: 2024-07-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-20T22:31:22Z
day: '03'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2407.03079'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '18886'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '19401'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
  - id: '18129'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
status: public
supplementarymaterial: unclear
title: Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium
  superinductors
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '13312'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest
    in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor
    technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such
    as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer
    the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying
    the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard
    superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting
    diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows
    to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair
    tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR.
    Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive
    allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported
    results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices,
    microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology
    compatible platform."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa,
  Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger
  for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM
  analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support
  of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of
  ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication
  facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme
  under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF
  Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento
  Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070."
article_number: '2306.07109'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs de
  full_name: Gijsel, Thijs de
  last_name: Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Jung, Jason
  id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan Aguilera
  full_name: Servin, Juan Aguilera
  last_name: Servin
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
  orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén Seoane
  full_name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
  last_name: Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Bakkers, Erik
  last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting
    diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium
    hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra,
    S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity
    conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
    Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting
    Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium
    Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode
    and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole
    gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
    A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon
    J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven
    superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional
    germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and
    Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.”
    <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
    A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto,
    M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros,
    ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-07-26T11:17:20Z
date_published: 2023-06-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T10:23:31Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2306.07109'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
keyword:
- Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
    Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2
  name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '13286'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '14793'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
status: public
title: Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper
  pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10920'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The spin-orbit interaction permits to control the state of a spin qubit via
    electric fields. For holes it is particularly strong, allowing for fast all electrical
    qubit manipulation, and yet an in-depth understanding of this interaction in hole
    systems is missing. Here we investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the
    effect of the cubic Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the mixing of the spin states
    by studying singlet-triplet oscillations in a planar Ge hole double quantum dot.
    Landau-Zener sweeps at different magnetic field directions allow us to disentangle
    the effects of the spin-orbit induced spin-flip term from those caused by strongly
    site-dependent and anisotropic quantum dot g tensors. Our work, therefore, provides
    new insights into the hole spin-orbit interaction, necessary for optimizing future
    qubit experiments.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA
  through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility.
  This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under the Marie\r\nSkłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 844511,
  No. 75441, and by the FWF-P 30207, I05060, and M3032-N projects. A. B. acknowledges
  support from the EU Horizon-2020 FET project microSPIRE, ID: 766955. P.M. M. and
  G. B. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG—German Research
  Foundation) under Project No. 450396347. This work was supported by the Royal Society
  (URF\\R1\\191150) and the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932),
  N. A. acknowledges the use of the University of Oxford Advanced Research Computing
  (ARC) facility."
article_number: '126803'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Philipp M.
  full_name: Mutter, Philipp M.
  last_name: Mutter
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
  id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
  last_name: Crippa
  orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Marek
  full_name: Rychetsky, Marek
  last_name: Rychetsky
- first_name: David L.
  full_name: Craig, David L.
  last_name: Craig
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Frederico
  full_name: Martins, Frederico
  id: 38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E
  last_name: Martins
  orcid: 0000-0003-2668-2401
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Ares, Natalia
  last_name: Ares
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: 'Guido '
  full_name: 'Burkard, Guido '
  last_name: Burkard
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, et al. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits
    with large g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2022;128(12).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>
  apa: Jirovec, D., Mutter, P. M., Hofmann, A. C., Crippa, A., Rychetsky, M., Craig,
    D. L., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large
    g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>
  chicago: Jirovec, Daniel, Philipp M. Mutter, Andrea C Hofmann, Alessandro Crippa,
    Marek Rychetsky, David L. Craig, Josip Kukucka, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American
    Physical Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.
  ieee: D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large
    g-factor differences,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12. American
    Physical Society, 2022.
  ista: Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, Crippa A, Rychetsky M, Craig DL, Kukucka
    J, Martins F, Ballabio A, Ares N, Chrastina D, Isella G, Burkard G, Katsaros G.
    2022. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences.
    Physical Review Letters. 128(12), 126803.
  mla: Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large
    g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12, 126803,
    American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.
  short: D. Jirovec, P.M. Mutter, A.C. Hofmann, A. Crippa, M. Rychetsky, D.L. Craig,
    J. Kukucka, F. Martins, A. Ballabio, N. Ares, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Burkard,
    G. Katsaros, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-03-24T15:51:11Z
date_published: 2022-03-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:44:07Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2111.05130'
  isi:
  - '000786542500004'
  pmid:
  - '35394319'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6e66ad548d18db9c131f304acbd5a1f4
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
  date_updated: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
  file_id: '10928'
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  file_size: 1266515
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: c08c05c4-5a5b-11eb-8a69-dc6ce49d7973
  grant_number: M03032
  name: Long-range spin exchange for 2D qubits architectures
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1079-7114
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '18291'
    relation: popular_science
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12118'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hybrid semiconductor–superconductor devices hold great promise for realizing
    topological quantum computing with Majorana zero modes1,2,3,4,5. However, multiple
    claims of Majorana detection, based on either tunnelling6,7,8,9,10 or Coulomb
    blockade (CB) spectroscopy11,12, remain disputed. Here we devise an experimental
    protocol that allows us to perform both types of measurement on the same hybrid
    island by adjusting its charging energy via tunable junctions to the normal leads.
    This method reduces ambiguities of Majorana detections by checking the consistency
    between CB spectroscopy and zero-bias peaks in non-blockaded transport. Specifically,
    we observe junction-dependent, even–odd modulated, single-electron CB peaks in
    InAs/Al hybrid nanowires without concomitant low-bias peaks in tunnelling spectroscopy.
    We provide a theoretical interpretation of the experimental observations in terms
    of low-energy, longitudinally confined island states rather than overlapping Majorana
    modes. Our results highlight the importance of combined measurements on the same
    device for the identification of topological Majorana zero modes.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank P. Krogstrup for providing us with the NW materials. We
  thank A. Higginbotham, E. J. H. Lee, C. Marcus and S. Vaitiekėnas for helpful discussions
  and G. Steffensen for his input on the diffusive Little-Parks theory. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided
  by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility; the NOMIS Foundation;
  the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+).
  A.H. acknowledges support from H2020-MSCA-IF-2018/844511. ICN2 also acknowledges
  funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo
  Ochoa Program from Spanish MINECO (Grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the
  CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed
  in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme.
  Authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation as well as the technical advice provided
  by the National Facility ELECMI ICTS, node ‘Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas’
  at University of Zaragoza. This project has received funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 823717-ESTEEM3.
  This study was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU
  (PRTR-C17.I1) and Generalitat de Catalunya. This research is part of the CSIC programme
  for the Spanish Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan funded by the Recovery
  and Resilience Facility of the European Union, established by the Regulation (EU)
  2020/2094. We thank support from Grant PGC2018-097018-BI00, project FlagERA TOPOGRAPH
  (PCI2018-093026) and project NANOGEN (PID2020-116093RB-C43), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/
  and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’, by the European Union. M. Botifoll acknowledges
  support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund (project ref. 2020
  FI 00103).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Maksim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
  id: 2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Elsa
  full_name: Prada, Elsa
  last_name: Prada
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Martí-Sánchez, Sara
  last_name: Martí-Sánchez
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Ramón
  full_name: Aguado, Ramón
  last_name: Aguado
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: San-Jose, Pablo
  last_name: San-Jose
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Borovkov M, Prada E, et al. Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy
    in the absence of zero-bias peaks. <i>Nature</i>. 2022;612(7940):442-447. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w">10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Borovkov, M., Prada, E., Martí-Sánchez, S., Botifoll, M., Hofmann,
    A. C., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence
    of zero-bias peaks. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Maksim Borovkov, Elsa Prada, Sara Martí-Sánchez, Marc
    Botifoll, Andrea C Hofmann, Jordi Arbiol, Ramón Aguado, Pablo San-Jose, and Georgios
    Katsaros. “Majorana-like Coulomb Spectroscopy in the Absence of Zero-Bias Peaks.”
    <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence
    of zero-bias peaks,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 612, no. 7940. Springer Nature, pp. 442–447,
    2022.
  ista: Valentini M, Borovkov M, Prada E, Martí-Sánchez S, Botifoll M, Hofmann AC,
    Arbiol J, Aguado R, San-Jose P, Katsaros G. 2022. Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy
    in the absence of zero-bias peaks. Nature. 612(7940), 442–447.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Majorana-like Coulomb Spectroscopy in the Absence
    of Zero-Bias Peaks.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 612, no. 7940, Springer Nature, 2022,
    pp. 442–47, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w">10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, M. Borovkov, E. Prada, S. Martí-Sánchez, M. Botifoll, A.C.
    Hofmann, J. Arbiol, R. Aguado, P. San-Jose, G. Katsaros, Nature 612 (2022) 442–447.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-01-12T11:56:45Z
date_published: 2022-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T13:27:22Z
day: '15'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2203.07829'
  isi:
  - '000899725400001'
  pmid:
  - '36517713'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05382-w
intvolume: '       612'
isi: 1
issue: '7940'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.07829'
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 442-447
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA Website
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/imposter-particles-revealed-and-explained/
  record:
  - id: '12522'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '13286'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 612
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '18291'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
citation:
  ama: "Katsaros G, Jirovec D. Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large
    \U0001D454-Factor Differences. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>"
  apa: "Katsaros, G., &#38; Jirovec, D. (2022). Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits
    with Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences. Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>"
  chicago: "Katsaros, Georgios, and Daniel Jirovec. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits with Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences.” Institute of Science and Technology
    Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>."
  ieee: "G. Katsaros and D. Jirovec, “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with
    Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
    2022."
  ista: "Katsaros G, Jirovec D. 2022. Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with
    Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
    <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>."
  mla: "Katsaros, Georgios, and Daniel Jirovec. <i>Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits with Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences</i>. Institute of Science and
    Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291</a>."
  short: G. Katsaros, D. Jirovec, (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-10-09T19:35:03Z
date_published: 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T07:15:24Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291
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  date_updated: 2024-10-09T19:31:35Z
  file_id: '18292'
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  file_size: 25566516
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: df077d2f4652afeb3bf100068e88aa48
  content_type: text/plain
  creator: gkatsaro
  date_created: 2024-10-14T18:11:45Z
  date_updated: 2024-10-14T18:11:45Z
  file_id: '18442'
  file_name: Readme.txt
  file_size: 6776
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-10-14T18:11:45Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18291
has_accepted_license: '1'
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '10920'
    relation: research_paper
    status: public
status: public
title: "Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large \U0001D454-Factor Differences"
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d
year: '2022'
...
