[{"file":[{"file_name":"2023_NatureEcoEvo_Stock.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1600499,"creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","file_id":"14069","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z","date_created":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z","checksum":"8244f4650a0e7aeea488d1bcd4a31702","success":1}],"oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","title":"Pathogen evasion of social immunity","intvolume":" 7","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"12543","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Treating sick group members is a hallmark of collective disease defence in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Despite substantial effects on pathogen fitness and epidemiology, it is still largely unknown how pathogens react to the selection pressure imposed by care intervention. Using social insects and pathogenic fungi, we here performed a serial passage experiment in the presence or absence of colony members, which provide social immunity by grooming off infectious spores from exposed individuals. We found specific effects on pathogen diversity, virulence and transmission. Under selection of social immunity, pathogens invested into higher spore production, but spores were less virulent. Notably, they also elicited a lower grooming response in colony members, compared with spores from the individual host selection lines. Chemical spore analysis suggested that the spores from social selection lines escaped the caregivers’ detection by containing lower levels of ergosterol, a key fungal membrane component. Experimental application of chemically pure ergosterol indeed induced sanitary grooming, supporting its role as a microbe-associated cue triggering host social immunity against fungal pathogens. By reducing this detection cue, pathogens were able to evade the otherwise very effective collective disease defences of their social hosts."}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","page":"450-460","publication":"Nature Ecology and Evolution","citation":{"ama":"Stock M, Milutinovic B, Hönigsberger M, et al. Pathogen evasion of social immunity. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2023;7:450-460. doi:10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6","ista":"Stock M, Milutinovic B, Hönigsberger M, Grasse AV, Wiesenhofer F, Kampleitner N, Narasimhan M, Schmitt T, Cremer S. 2023. Pathogen evasion of social immunity. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 7, 450–460.","apa":"Stock, M., Milutinovic, B., Hönigsberger, M., Grasse, A. V., Wiesenhofer, F., Kampleitner, N., … Cremer, S. (2023). Pathogen evasion of social immunity. Nature Ecology and Evolution. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6","ieee":"M. Stock et al., “Pathogen evasion of social immunity,” Nature Ecology and Evolution, vol. 7. Springer Nature, pp. 450–460, 2023.","mla":"Stock, Miriam, et al. “Pathogen Evasion of Social Immunity.” Nature Ecology and Evolution, vol. 7, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 450–60, doi:10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6.","short":"M. Stock, B. Milutinovic, M. Hönigsberger, A.V. Grasse, F. Wiesenhofer, N. Kampleitner, M. Narasimhan, T. Schmitt, S. Cremer, Nature Ecology and Evolution 7 (2023) 450–460.","chicago":"Stock, Miriam, Barbara Milutinovic, Michaela Hönigsberger, Anna V Grasse, Florian Wiesenhofer, Niklas Kampleitner, Madhumitha Narasimhan, Thomas Schmitt, and Sylvia Cremer. “Pathogen Evasion of Social Immunity.” Nature Ecology and Evolution. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6."},"day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:55:48Z","date_created":"2023-02-12T23:00:59Z","volume":7,"author":[{"full_name":"Stock, Miriam","id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Stock"},{"full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758","id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Milutinovic","first_name":"Barbara"},{"full_name":"Hönigsberger, Michaela","id":"953894f3-25bd-11ec-8556-f70a9d38ef60","first_name":"Michaela","last_name":"Hönigsberger"},{"full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","last_name":"Grasse","first_name":"Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Wiesenhofer, Florian","last_name":"Wiesenhofer","first_name":"Florian","id":"39523C54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Kampleitner, Niklas","id":"2AC57FAC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Niklas","last_name":"Kampleitner"},{"full_name":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha","last_name":"Narasimhan","first_name":"Madhumitha","orcid":"0000-0002-8600-0671","id":"44BF24D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Schmitt, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Schmitt"},{"last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/how-sneaky-germs-hide-from-ants/"}]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","acknowledgement":"We thank B. M. Steinwender, N. V. Meyling and J. Eilenberg for the fungal strains; J. Anaya-Rojas for statistical advice; the Social Immunity team at ISTA for ant collection and experimental help, in particular H. Leitner, and the ISTA Lab Support Facility for general laboratory support; D. Ebert, H. Schulenburg and J. Heinze for continued project discussion; and M. Sixt, R. Roemhild and the Social Immunity team for comments on the manuscript. The study was funded by the German Research Foundation (CR118/3-1) within the Framework of the Priority Program SPP 1399, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (No. 771402; EPIDEMICSonCHIP), both to S.C.","year":"2023","pmid":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:54:59Z","ec_funded":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41559-023-01981-6","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Epidemics in ant societies on a chip","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"771402"},{"grant_number":"CR-118/3-1","_id":"25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Host-Parasite Coevolution"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["36732670"],"isi":["000924572800001"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"month":"03","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-334X"]}},{"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z","ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"7188","article_number":"e32073","author":[{"id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Pull","full_name":"Pull, Christopher"},{"first_name":"Line V","last_name":"Ugelvig","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"full_name":"Wiesenhofer, Florian","last_name":"Wiesenhofer","first_name":"Florian","id":"39523C54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anna V","last_name":"Grasse","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V"},{"full_name":"Tragust, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Tragust","id":"35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Schmitt","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Schmitt, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"819"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-11T12:54:26Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:31Z","volume":7,"year":"2018","publication_status":"published","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"month":"01","doi":"10.7554/eLife.32073","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000419601300001"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"243071","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects"},{"grant_number":"302004","_id":"25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Pathogen Detectors Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities in ant societies: a chemo-neuro-immunological approach"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Social insects protect their colonies from infectious disease through collective defences that result in social immunity. In ants, workers first try to prevent infection of colony members. Here, we show that if this fails and a pathogen establishes an infection, ants employ an efficient multicomponent behaviour − "destructive disinfection" − to prevent further spread of disease through the colony. Ants specifically target infected pupae during the pathogen's non-contagious incubation period, relying on chemical 'sickness cues' emitted by pupae. They then remove the pupal cocoon, perforate its cuticle and administer antimicrobial poison, which enters the body and prevents pathogen replication from the inside out. Like the immune system of a body that specifically targets and eliminates infected cells, this social immunity measure sacrifices infected brood to stop the pathogen completing its lifecycle, thus protecting the rest of the colony. Hence, the same principles of disease defence apply at different levels of biological organisation."}],"type":"journal_article","pubrep_id":"978","file":[{"creator":"system","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1435585,"file_name":"IST-2018-978-v1+1_elife-32073-v1.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:10:43Z","checksum":"540f941e8d3530a9441e4affd94f07d7","file_id":"4832","relation":"main_file"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"616","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","title":"Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies","ddc":["570","590"],"intvolume":" 7","day":"09","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","publication":"eLife","citation":{"ista":"Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Schmitt T, Brown M, Cremer S. 2018. Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 7, e32073.","ieee":"C. Pull et al., “Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies,” eLife, vol. 7. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018.","apa":"Pull, C., Ugelvig, L. V., Wiesenhofer, F., Grasse, A. V., Tragust, S., Schmitt, T., … Cremer, S. (2018). Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073","ama":"Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, et al. Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 2018;7. doi:10.7554/eLife.32073","chicago":"Pull, Christopher, Line V Ugelvig, Florian Wiesenhofer, Anna V Grasse, Simon Tragust, Thomas Schmitt, Mark Brown, and Sylvia Cremer. “Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073.","mla":"Pull, Christopher, et al. “Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife, vol. 7, e32073, eLife Sciences Publications, 2018, doi:10.7554/eLife.32073.","short":"C. Pull, L.V. Ugelvig, F. Wiesenhofer, A.V. Grasse, S. Tragust, T. Schmitt, M. Brown, S. Cremer, ELife 7 (2018)."}}]