--- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21982' abstract: - lang: eng text: A floating Leidenfrost droplet exhibits curvature inversion of its underside, due to the balance of vapor pressure and surface tension. Using interferometric imaging, we find different behavior for a levitated hydrogel sphere. Curvature inversion is observed briefly just after deposition, but quickly gives way to a steady state with no inversion. We show the essential role of vaporization in shaping the underbelly of the hydrogel, where changes due to direct mass loss are more significant than the balance of vapor pressure and elastic forces. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing Facility. J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101106500. article_number: L053502 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: letter_note arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Vicente L full_name: Diaz Melian, Vicente L id: b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631 last_name: Diaz Melian - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Jack full_name: Binysh, Jack last_name: Binysh - first_name: Anton full_name: Souslov, Anton last_name: Souslov - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 2026;113(5). doi:10.1103/m7gr-2t6j apa: Diaz Melian, V. L., Lenton, I. C., Binysh, J., Souslov, A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j chicago: Diaz Melian, Vicente L, Isaac C Lenton, Jack Binysh, Anton Souslov, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j. ieee: V. L. Diaz Melian, I. C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere,” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2026. ista: Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 113(5), L053502. mla: Diaz Melian, Vicente L., et al. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5, L053502, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/m7gr-2t6j. short: V.L. Diaz Melian, I.C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 113 (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-06-10T07:36:41Z date_published: 2026-05-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-06-16T11:24:18Z day: '14' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1103/m7gr-2t6j external_id: arxiv: - '2507.04982' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 902cc8d177c8d3ae9cfe07c30375c9a9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-06-16T11:21:53Z date_updated: 2026-06-16T11:21:53Z file_id: '22014' file_name: 2026_PhysicalReviewE_DiazMelian.pdf file_size: 3173197 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-06-16T11:21:53Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 113' issue: '5' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Physical Review E publication_identifier: eissn: - 2470-0053 issn: - 2470-0045 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 113 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21485' abstract: - lang: eng text: Insulating oxides are among the most abundant solid materials in the universe1,2,3. Of the many ways in which they influence natural phenomena, perhaps the most consequential is their capacity to transfer electrical charge during contact4,5,6,7,8,9,10—which occurs even between samples of the same oxide—yet the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes this remains unidentified11,12. Here we show that adventitious carbonaceous molecules adsorbed from the environment are the symmetry-breaking factor in same-material oxide contact electrification (CE). We use acoustic levitation to measure charge exchange between a sphere and a plate composed of identical amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2). Although charging polarity is random for co-prepared samples, we control it with baking or plasma treatment. Observing the charge-exchange relaxation afterwards, we see dynamics over a timescale of hours and connect this directly to the presence of adventitious carbon with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, low-energy ion scattering and infrared spectroscopy. Going further, we confirm that adventitious carbon can even determine charge exchange among different oxides. Our results identify the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes insulating oxides to exchange charge in settings ranging from desert sands4 to volcanic plumes5,6, while simultaneously highlighting an overlooked factor in CE more broadly. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: This project has received support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 949120) and from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (grant agreement no. 754411). We acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. N.M. acknowledges support from grant Fondecyt 1221597. G.G. is a Serra Húnter fellow. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank the Modic group for the use of the Laue camera, T. Zauner for the photography of the experimental set-up and R. Möller for insightful discussions. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria). article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Galien M full_name: Grosjean, Galien M id: 0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425 last_name: Grosjean orcid: 0000-0001-5154-417X - first_name: Markus full_name: Ostermann, Markus last_name: Ostermann - first_name: Markus full_name: Sauer, Markus last_name: Sauer - first_name: Michael full_name: Hahn, Michael last_name: Hahn - first_name: Christian M. full_name: Pichler, Christian M. last_name: Pichler - first_name: Florian full_name: Fahrnberger, Florian last_name: Fahrnberger - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Daniel full_name: Balazs, Daniel id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E last_name: Balazs orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X - first_name: Mason M. full_name: Link, Mason M. last_name: Link - first_name: Seong H. full_name: Kim, Seong H. last_name: Kim - first_name: Devin L. full_name: Schrader, Devin L. last_name: Schrader - first_name: Adriana full_name: Blanco, Adriana last_name: Blanco - first_name: Francisco full_name: Gracia, Francisco last_name: Gracia - first_name: Nicolás full_name: Mujica, Nicolás last_name: Mujica - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, et al. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. 2026;651(8106):626-631. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w apa: Grosjean, G. M., Ostermann, M., Sauer, M., Hahn, M., Pichler, C. M., Fahrnberger, F., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w chicago: Grosjean, Galien M, Markus Ostermann, Markus Sauer, Michael Hahn, Christian M. Pichler, Florian Fahrnberger, Felix Pertl, et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w. ieee: G. M. Grosjean et al., “Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification,” Nature, vol. 651, no. 8106. Springer Nature, pp. 626–631, 2026. ista: Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, Hahn M, Pichler CM, Fahrnberger F, Pertl F, Balazs D, Link MM, Kim SH, Schrader DL, Blanco A, Gracia F, Mujica N, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. 651(8106), 626–631. mla: Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” Nature, vol. 651, no. 8106, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 626–31, doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w. short: G.M. Grosjean, M. Ostermann, M. Sauer, M. Hahn, C.M. Pichler, F. Fahrnberger, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, M.M. Link, S.H. Kim, D.L. Schrader, A. Blanco, F. Gracia, N. Mujica, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 651 (2026) 626–631. corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-03-23T15:04:00Z date_published: 2026-03-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T12:06:01Z day: '18' ddc: - '540' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: GradSch - _id: LifeSc doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w ec_funded: 1 external_id: pmid: - '41851325' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: dafef9ed575b44be4263e948a47ae056 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-03-24T06:57:08Z date_updated: 2026-03-24T06:57:08Z file_id: '21494' file_name: 2026_Nature_Grosjean.pdf file_size: 12245694 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-03-24T06:57:08Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 651' issue: '8106' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 626-631 pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Nature publication_identifier: eissn: - 1476-4687 issn: - 0028-0836 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/colliding-dust-and-the-sparks-of-creation/ status: public title: Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 651 year: '2026' ... --- OA_type: closed access _id: '21765' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Dielectric particles of the same material exchange electrical charge during collisions or sliding contacts, yet the underlying charge-exchange mechanism is still not understood. The fact that particles can become highly charged as a result of this effect has significant consequences for many settings, both in nature and industry, such as thunderstorms, volcanic eruptions, particle aggregation during meteorite and planet formation, and the clogging of industrial granular systems. Toward understanding these systems, great efforts have been made to develop precise in situ measurements for particle charge, e.g., to determine ensemble charge distributions or measure exchange during individual contacts. Here, we present experimental results concerning the particle size scaling of the stationary-state charge distributions of oxide particles in the sub-millimeter range. We measure the charge distributions for large ensembles of monodisperse ZrO2:SiO2 composite spheres, ranging from 172 to 545µ⁢m in diameter. These distributions are non-Gaussian and collapse to a single master curve when plotted as functions of the surface charge density Σ=\U0001D45E/4⁢\U0001D70B⁢\U0001D4452. X-ray fluorescence and atomic force microscopy measurements show that the differences in the measured charge distributions are not due to variations in chemical composition or surface roughness, but rather to size alone. Our findings provide constraints on microscopic models for charge exchange, namely that they should lead to steady-state distributions that are non-Gaussian and scale in a specific way with particle size." acknowledgement: This research was supported by ANID Grants QUIMAL No. 160001, FONDECYT No. 1221597, and FONDEQUIP No. EQM190177. The authors thank Rodrigo Espinoza for the EDS-SEM measurements and Domingo Jullian for fruitful discussions. We also acknowledge the technical assistance of Ricardo Silva and Andrés Espinosa at DFI, FCFM, Universidad de Chile. article_number: '045604' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Macarena full_name: Lara, Macarena last_name: Lara - first_name: Marcos full_name: Flores, Marcos last_name: Flores - first_name: Gustavo full_name: Castillo, Gustavo last_name: Castillo - first_name: Santiago full_name: Tassara, Santiago last_name: Tassara - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 - first_name: Nicolás full_name: Mujica, Nicolás last_name: Mujica citation: ama: Lara M, Flores M, Castillo G, Tassara S, Waitukaitis SR, Mujica N. Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. 2026;10(4). doi:10.1103/qw6t-xqdw apa: Lara, M., Flores, M., Castillo, G., Tassara, S., Waitukaitis, S. R., & Mujica, N. (2026). Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/qw6t-xqdw chicago: Lara, Macarena, Marcos Flores, Gustavo Castillo, Santiago Tassara, Scott R Waitukaitis, and Nicolás Mujica. “Particle Size Scaling of Non-Gaussian Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/qw6t-xqdw. ieee: M. Lara, M. Flores, G. Castillo, S. Tassara, S. R. Waitukaitis, and N. Mujica, “Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 10, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2026. ista: Lara M, Flores M, Castillo G, Tassara S, Waitukaitis SR, Mujica N. 2026. Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. 10(4), 045604. mla: Lara, Macarena, et al. “Particle Size Scaling of Non-Gaussian Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 10, no. 4, 045604, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/qw6t-xqdw. short: M. Lara, M. Flores, G. Castillo, S. Tassara, S.R. Waitukaitis, N. Mujica, Physical Review Materials 10 (2026). date_created: 2026-04-26T22:01:47Z date_published: 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T07:13:56Z day: '01' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/qw6t-xqdw intvolume: ' 10' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa_version: None publication: Physical Review Materials publication_identifier: eissn: - 2475-9953 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 10 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '22601' abstract: - lang: eng text: Kontaktelektrifizierung tritt allgegenwärtig in der Natur auf, doch die Identität der Ladungsträger bleibt in den meisten Fällen unklar, mit Elektronen, Ionen oder nanoskopischen Materialfragmenten als mögliche Kandidaten. Ein Material, bei dem die übertragene Spezies mehr gewiss erscheint, sind Ionomere, d. h. Polymere mit mobilen Ionen, deren Ladung durch fest gebundene Gegenladungen ausgeglichen wird. Wenn Ionomere mit einer neutralen Oberfläche in Kontakt kommen, lädt sich diese mit dem Vorzeichen der mobilen Ionen auf, was stark auf Ionentransfer hindeutet. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus sowie die bestimmenden Einflussfaktoren dieses Transfers sind jedoch bislang nur unzureichend verstanden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen wir, dass die Bindungsaffinität zwischen den mobilen Ionen und dem Ionomer den Ladungstransfer maßgeblich bestimmt. Wir untersuchen Ionomere mit gebundenen Anionen und Kationen und erzeugen mittels Ionenaustausch Proben mit einer Reihe unterschiedlicher übertragbarer Ionen. Für das anionische Ionomer beobachten wir eine starke Abhängigkeit von der Bindungsaffinität, wobei mobile Kationen mit der höchsten Affinität am wenigsten Ladung übertragen. Eine schwächere, aber trotzdem klare Abhängigkeit wurde für das kationische Ionomer gemessen, welches der freien Hydratationsenergie der mobilen Anionen folgt. Mithilfe von optischer Emissionsspektroskopie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP‐OES) bestätigen wir den Transfer von mobilen Ionen auf die Oberfläche der Gegenprobe. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die Ladungsträgeridentität und den Mechanismus des Ladungstransfers bei ionomerischen Materialien, was auch für das allgemeine Verständnis von Kontaktelektrifizierung von Bedeutung sein könnte. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: "Diese Forschung wurde durch die Scientific Service Units (SSU) des IST Austria unterstützt, durch Nutzung von Ressourcen der Lab Support Facility (LSF).\r\nOpen Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria." article_number: e5487708 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: John R full_name: Hoffman Jr, John R id: 0cf4072c-94e2-11ee-bdf9-90a13138901e last_name: Hoffman Jr - first_name: Stefan Alexander full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425 last_name: Freunberger orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie. 2026. doi:10.1002/ange.5487708' apa: 'Hoffman Jr, J. R., Freunberger, S. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708' chicago: 'Hoffman Jr, John R, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung.” Angewandte Chemie. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708.' ieee: 'J. R. Hoffman Jr, S. A. Freunberger, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung,” Angewandte Chemie. Wiley, 2026.' ista: 'Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie., e5487708.' mla: 'Hoffman Jr, John R., et al. “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung.” Angewandte Chemie, e5487708, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/ange.5487708.' short: J.R. Hoffman Jr, S.A. Freunberger, S.R. Waitukaitis, Angewandte Chemie (2026). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. date_created: 2026-07-28T18:03:20Z date_published: 2026-07-26T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-07-29T11:00:05Z day: '26' ddc: - '540' department: - _id: StFr - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1002/ange.5487708 has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: ger main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708 month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Angewandte Chemie publication_identifier: eissn: - 1521-3757 issn: - 0044-8249 publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' researchdata_availability: upon request scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: 'Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '22602' abstract: - lang: eng text: Contact electrification occurs ubiquitously in nature, but the identity of charge carriers in most situations remains uncertain, with electrons, ions, or nanoscopic material fragments as viable candidates. One material where the species transferred seems more certain is ionomers, i.e., polymers that contain mobile ions balanced by fixed counter‐charges. When ionomers touch a neutral surface, the latter becomes charged in the sign of the mobile ion, strongly suggesting ion transfer. However, the mechanism and governing factors of transfer remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that binding affinity between mobile ion and ionomer controls charge transfer with ionomers. We use ionomers with fixed anions and cations and perform ion exchange to create samples with a series of transferrable ions. We observe a strong binding‐affinity dependence for the anionic ionomer, such that mobile cations with the highest affinity transfers the least charge. Weaker, yet clear dependence was measured for the cationic ionomer, which follows the hydration free energy of the mobile anion. Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), we confirm transfer of the mobile ions to the counter sample's surface. Our results confirm the identify and mechanism of charge transfer with ionomeric materials, with potential implications for contact electrification more broadly. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: "This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST-Austria through resources provided by the Lab Support Facility (LSF).\r\nOpen Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria." article_number: e5487708 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: John R full_name: Hoffman Jr, John R id: 0cf4072c-94e2-11ee-bdf9-90a13138901e last_name: Hoffman Jr - first_name: Stefan Alexander full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425 last_name: Freunberger orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2026. doi:10.1002/anie.5487708' apa: 'Hoffman Jr, J. R., Freunberger, S. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708' chicago: 'Hoffman Jr, John R, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Ion Transfer during Ionomer Contact Electrification: Binding Affinity Controls Charging.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708.' ieee: 'J. R. Hoffman Jr, S. A. Freunberger, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley, 2026.' ista: 'Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition., e5487708.' mla: 'Hoffman Jr, John R., et al. “Ion Transfer during Ionomer Contact Electrification: Binding Affinity Controls Charging.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, e5487708, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/anie.5487708.' short: J.R. Hoffman Jr, S.A. Freunberger, S.R. Waitukaitis, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2026). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. date_created: 2026-07-28T18:04:19Z date_published: 2026-07-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-07-29T11:25:58Z day: '21' ddc: - '540' department: - _id: StFr - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1002/anie.5487708 external_id: pmid: - '42478784' has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708 month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Angewandte Chemie International Edition publication_identifier: eissn: - 1521-3773 issn: - 1433-7851 publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' researchdata_availability: upon request scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: 'Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20847' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We report on an experimental active matter system with motion restricted to four cardinal directions. Our particles are magnetite-doped colloidal spheres driven by the Quincke electrorotational instability. The absence of a magnetic field (|\U0001D469|=0) leads to circular trajectories interspersed with short spontaneous runs. Intermediate fields (|\U0001D469|≲20mT) linearize the motion along the axis perpendicular to \U0001D469. At high magnetic fields, we observe the surprising emergence of a second, distinct linearization along the axis parallel to \U0001D469. With numerical simulations, we show that this behavior can be explained by anisotropic magnetic susceptibility." acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: "This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Grant DOI: 10.55776/ESP298]. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant\r\nAgreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. We wish to acknowledge the crucial contributions of Alexandre Morin in getting the project off the ground, and Jack Merrin for creating the SU-8 deposition protocol used in the construction of our\r\ncells. We also wish to thank Kimberley Modic and Hamza Nasir for their work on single-particle characterization. " article_number: '065418' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Eavan full_name: Fitzgerald, Eavan id: 2df8ab8f-080d-11ed-979a-bfe651ca3afa last_name: Fitzgerald - first_name: Cécile full_name: Clavaud, Cécile id: 5f654c5d-04a1-11eb-ab36-ba9ffec58bd8 last_name: Clavaud orcid: 0000-0002-1843-3803 - first_name: Debasish full_name: Das, Debasish last_name: Das - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. 2025;112(6). doi:10.1103/1ss8-31rb' apa: 'Fitzgerald, E., Clavaud, C., Das, D., Lenton, I. C., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb' chicago: 'Fitzgerald, Eavan, Cécile Clavaud, Debasish Das, Isaac C Lenton, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb.' ieee: 'E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I. C. Lenton, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter,” Physical Review E, vol. 112, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2025.' ista: 'Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. 112(6), 065418.' mla: 'Fitzgerald, Eavan, et al. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” Physical Review E, vol. 112, no. 6, 065418, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/1ss8-31rb.' short: E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I.C. Lenton, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 112 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-21T23:01:34Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-29T11:19:34Z day: '01' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/1ss8-31rb ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2508.05643' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: d593e933f976c3f3cde37ad66539d57d content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-29T11:15:42Z date_updated: 2025-12-29T11:15:42Z file_id: '20862' file_name: 2025_PhysReviewE_Fitzgerald.pdf file_size: 2131491 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-29T11:15:42Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 112' issue: '6' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: bd8eede5-d553-11ed-ba76-eaded0d13485 grant_number: E 298 name: 'MixQUIckR: Mixing with QUIncke Rollers' - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Physical Review E publication_identifier: eissn: - 2470-0053 issn: - 2470-0045 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 112 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20295' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to probe the surface charge on insulating surfaces. In both cases, relating the measured potential to the underlying signal is non-trivial. Here, general relationships are derived between the measured SKPM voltage and the underlying source, revealing either can be cast as a convolution with an appropriately scaled point spread function (PSF). For charge that exists on a thin insulating layer above a conductor, the PSF has the same shape as what would occur from a work-function variation alone, differing by a simple scaling factor. This relationship is confirmed by: (1) backing it out from finite-element simulations of work-function and charge signals, and (2) experimentally comparing the measured PSF from a small work-function target to that from a small charge spot. This scaling factor is further validated by comparing SKPM charge measurements with Faraday cup measurements for highly charged samples from contact-charging experiments. These results highlight a heretofore unappreciated connection between SKPM voltage and charge signals, offering a rigorous recipe to extract either from experimental data.' acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank Evgeniia Volobueva for advice in preparing PFIB samples. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis group for useful discussions and feedback. article_number: e00521 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Lubuna B full_name: Shafeek, Lubuna B id: 3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shafeek orcid: 0000-0001-7180-6050 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2025;12(19). doi:10.1002/admi.202500521 apa: Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521 chicago: Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” Advanced Materials Interfaces. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521. ieee: I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy,” Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 19. Wiley, 2025. ista: Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 12(19), e00521. mla: Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 19, e00521, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1002/admi.202500521. short: I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Advanced Materials Interfaces 12 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-09-07T22:01:33Z date_published: 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:31:25Z day: '01' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: NanoFab doi: 10.1002/admi.202500521 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2506.07187' isi: - '001560163400001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 906fcc7733be8ce8a83600427b82cd5a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-30T09:31:11Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:31:11Z file_id: '20908' file_name: 2025_AdvMaterialsInterfaces_Lenton.pdf file_size: 1830117 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:31:11Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 12' isi: 1 issue: '19' language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Advanced Materials Interfaces publication_identifier: eissn: - 2196-7350 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 12 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20705' abstract: - lang: eng text: Optical tweezers are widely used as a highly sensitive tool to measure forces on micron-scale particles. One such application is the measurement of the electric charge of a particle, which can be done with high precision in liquids, air, or vacuum. We experimentally investigate how the trapping laser itself can electrically charge such a particle, in our case a ∼1  μ⁢m SiO2 sphere in air. We model the charging mechanism as a two-photon process which reproduces the experimental data with high fidelity. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: We thank Todor Asenov and Abdulhamid Baghdadi for their outstanding technical support and Dr. Michael Gleichweit and Mercede Azizbaig Mohajer for the helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreements No. 949120 and No. 805041) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project No. 200021-236446). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing service unit. article_number: '218202' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Stöllner, Andrea id: 4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed last_name: Stöllner orcid: 0000-0002-0464-8440 - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Artem full_name: Volosniev, Artem id: 37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Volosniev orcid: 0000-0003-0393-5525 - first_name: James full_name: Millen, James last_name: Millen - first_name: Renjiro full_name: Shibuya, Renjiro last_name: Shibuya - first_name: Hisao full_name: Ishii, Hisao last_name: Ishii - first_name: Dmytro full_name: Rak, Dmytro id: 70313b46-47c2-11ec-9e88-cd79101918fe last_name: Rak - first_name: Zhanybek full_name: Alpichshev, Zhanybek id: 45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Alpichshev orcid: 0000-0002-7183-5203 - first_name: Grégory full_name: David, Grégory last_name: David - first_name: Ruth full_name: Signorell, Ruth last_name: Signorell - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, et al. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 2025;135(21). doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj apa: Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Volosniev, A., Millen, J., Shibuya, R., Ishii, H., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj chicago: Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Artem Volosniev, James Millen, Renjiro Shibuya, Hisao Ishii, Dmytro Rak, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj. ieee: A. Stöllner et al., “Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21. American Physical Society, 2025. ista: Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, Millen J, Shibuya R, Ishii H, Rak D, Alpichshev Z, David G, Signorell R, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 135(21), 218202. mla: Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21, 218202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj. short: A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, A. Volosniev, J. Millen, R. Shibuya, H. Ishii, D. Rak, Z. Alpichshev, G. David, R. Signorell, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-11-30T23:02:07Z date_published: 2025-11-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:09:27Z day: '21' ddc: - '530' - '550' department: - _id: ZhAl - _id: CaMu - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/5xd9-4tjj ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2507.17591' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a5f76b1230cc7b039ecd0dbd6f99e775 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z file_id: '20717' file_name: 2025_PhysReviewLetters_Stoellner.pdf file_size: 1761373 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 135' issue: '21' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1079-7114 issn: - 0031-9007 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/trapping-particles-to-explain-lightning/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 135 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 5599.52 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '20727' abstract: - lang: eng text: Acoustic levitation provides a unique method for manipulating small particles as it completely evades effects from gravity, container walls, or physical handling. These advantages make it a tantalizing platform for studying complex phenomena in many-particle systems. In most standing-wave traps, however, particles interact via acoustic scattering forces that cause them to merge into a single dense object. Here, we introduce a complementary approach that combines acoustic levitation with electrostatic charging to assemble, adapt, and activate complex, separated many-particle systems. The key idea is to superimpose electrostatic repulsion on the intrinsic acoustic attraction, rendering a so-called “mermaid” potential where interactions are attractive at short range and repulsive at long range. By controlling the attraction–repulsion balance, we can levitate expanded structures where all particles are separated, collapsed structures where they are in contact, and hybrid ones consisting of both expanded and collapsed components. We find that collapsed and expanded structures are inherently stable, whereas hybrid ones exhibit transient stability governed by acoustically unstable dimers. Furthermore, we show how electrostatics allow us to adapt between configurations on the fly, either by quasistatic discharge or discrete up/down charge steps. Finally, we demonstrate how large structures experience selective energy pumping from the acoustic field—thrusting some particles into motion while others remain stationary—leading to complex dynamics including coupled rotations and oscillations. Our approach establishes a design space beyond acoustic collapse, offering possibilities to study many-particle systems with complex interactions, while suggesting pathways toward scalable integration into materials processing and other applications. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop acknowledgement: We thank Dustin Kleckner, Jack-William Barotta, and Daniel M. Harris for insightful discussions. We acknowledge the Miba machine shop at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria for instrumentation support. M.C.H. and C.P.G. acknowledge funding by the Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung Niederösterreich under project FTI23-G-011. article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Sue full_name: Shi, Sue id: 5c5b9247-15b2-11ec-abd3-fd958715639c last_name: Shi - first_name: Maximilian full_name: Hübl, Maximilian id: 5eb8629e-15b2-11ec-abd3-e6f3e5e01f32 last_name: Hübl - first_name: Galien M full_name: Grosjean, Galien M id: 0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425 last_name: Grosjean orcid: 0000-0001-5154-417X - first_name: Carl Peter full_name: Goodrich, Carl Peter id: EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425 last_name: Goodrich orcid: 0000-0002-1307-5074 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Shi S, Hübl M, Grosjean GM, Goodrich CP, Waitukaitis SR. Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(50):e2516865122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2516865122 apa: Shi, S., Hübl, M., Grosjean, G. M., Goodrich, C. P., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516865122 chicago: Shi, Sue, Maximilian Hübl, Galien M Grosjean, Carl Peter Goodrich, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516865122. ieee: S. Shi, M. Hübl, G. M. Grosjean, C. P. Goodrich, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 50. National Academy of Sciences, p. e2516865122, 2025. ista: Shi S, Hübl M, Grosjean GM, Goodrich CP, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(50), e2516865122. mla: Shi, Sue, et al. “Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 50, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, p. e2516865122, doi:10.1073/pnas.2516865122. short: S. Shi, M. Hübl, G.M. Grosjean, C.P. Goodrich, S.R. Waitukaitis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025) e2516865122. corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-07T23:02:00Z date_published: 2025-12-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-20T08:41:15Z day: '16' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: CaGo doi: 10.1073/pnas.2516865122 external_id: arxiv: - '2507.01739' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: c40dc4c909724b9d1146636612e8821a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-09T12:45:53Z date_updated: 2025-12-09T12:45:53Z file_id: '20744' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Shi.pdf file_size: 10621381 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-09T12:45:53Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' issue: '50' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: e2516865122 project: - _id: 8dd93da8-16d5-11f0-9cad-d2c70200d9a5 grant_number: FTI23-G-011 name: Dynamically reconfigurable self-assembly with triangular DNA-origami bricks publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/science-is-like-magic-just-real/ record: - id: '20749' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19278' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it.' acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp - _id: EM-Fac - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: This project has received financing from the European Research Council grant agreement no. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by the FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility, Electron Microscopy Facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank J. Garcia-Suarez and G. Anciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density. We thank I.-M. Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria). article_number: 664-669 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Juan Carlos A full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425 last_name: Sobarzo Ponce - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Daniel full_name: Balazs, Daniel id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E last_name: Balazs orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X - first_name: Tommaso full_name: Costanzo, Tommaso id: D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425 last_name: Costanzo orcid: 0000-0001-9732-3815 - first_name: Markus full_name: Sauer, Markus last_name: Sauer - first_name: Annette full_name: Foelske, Annette last_name: Foelske - first_name: Markus full_name: Ostermann, Markus last_name: Ostermann - first_name: Christian M. full_name: Pichler, Christian M. last_name: Pichler - first_name: Yongkang full_name: Wang, Yongkang last_name: Wang - first_name: Yuki full_name: Nagata, Yuki last_name: Nagata - first_name: Mischa full_name: Bonn, Mischa last_name: Bonn - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, et al. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 2025;638(8051). doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6 apa: Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Pertl, F., Balazs, D., Costanzo, T., Sauer, M., Foelske, A., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6 chicago: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, Felix Pertl, Daniel Balazs, Tommaso Costanzo, Markus Sauer, Annette Foelske, Markus Ostermann, et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6. ieee: J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce et al., “Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series,” Nature, vol. 638, no. 8051. Springer Nature, 2025. ista: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, Costanzo T, Sauer M, Foelske A, Ostermann M, Pichler CM, Wang Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 638(8051), 664–669. mla: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” Nature, vol. 638, no. 8051, 664–669, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6. short: J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, T. Costanzo, M. Sauer, A. Foelske, M. Ostermann, C.M. Pichler, Y. Wang, Y. Nagata, M. Bonn, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 638 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-03-02T23:01:52Z date_published: 2025-02-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-24T11:46:54Z day: '20' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: LifeSc - _id: EM-Fac doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001428076100015' pmid: - '39972227' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: fecf302274dd3218d3e7dd22f39a6c0c content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z date_updated: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z file_id: '19289' file_name: 2025_Nature_Sobarzo.pdf file_size: 3807415 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 638' isi: 1 issue: '8051' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Nature publication_identifier: eissn: - 1476-4687 issn: - 0028-0836 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/an-electrifying-turn-in-an-age-old-quest/ record: - id: '20203' relation: dissertation_contains status: public - id: '22684' relation: dissertation_contains status: for_moderation scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 638 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20481' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is widely used in stationary and dynamic studies of contact electrification. An obvious question that connects these two has been overlooked: when are charge dynamics too fast for stationary studies to be meaningful? Using a rapid transfer system to quickly perform KPFM after contact, we find the dynamics are too fast in all but the best insulators. Our data further suggest that dynamics are caused by bulk as opposed to surface conductivity, and that charge-transfer heterogeneity is less prevalent than previously suggested.' acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: LifeSc acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, the Nanofabrication Facility and Lab Support Facility. article_number: '146202' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Tobias full_name: Cramer, Tobias last_name: Cramer - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 2025;135(14). doi:10.1103/lcsm-xxty' apa: 'Pertl, F., Lenton, I. C., Cramer, T., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty' chicago: 'Pertl, Felix, Isaac C Lenton, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty.' ieee: 'F. Pertl, I. C. Lenton, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 14. American Physical Society, 2025.' ista: 'Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 135(14), 146202.' mla: 'Pertl, Felix, et al. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 14, 146202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/lcsm-xxty.' short: F. Pertl, I.C. Lenton, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-10-16T13:13:29Z date_published: 2025-09-30T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-24T11:46:54Z day: '30' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/lcsm-xxty ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2502.12718' isi: - '001587263900003' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 7e45e89b8db0b7f01e63185c68e4b0f9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-10-23T09:32:31Z date_updated: 2025-10-23T09:32:31Z file_id: '20522' file_name: 2025_PhysReviewLetters_Pertl.pdf file_size: 1692251 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-10-23T09:32:31Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 135' isi: 1 issue: '14' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1079-7114 issn: - 0031-9007 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '20523' relation: research_data status: public - id: '22684' relation: dissertation_contains status: for_moderation scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 135 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '15322' abstract: - lang: eng text: The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of “triboelectric cycles,” i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification. article_number: L032108 article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: Juan Carlos A full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425 last_name: Sobarzo Ponce - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. 2024;109(3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108 apa: Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108 chicago: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108. ieee: J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles,” Physical Review E, vol. 109, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2024. ista: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. 109(3), L032108. mla: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” Physical Review E, vol. 109, no. 3, L032108, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108. short: J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 109 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-04-14T22:01:03Z date_published: 2024-03-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-07-29T13:11:24Z day: '29' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108 external_id: isi: - '001199745200004' pmid: - '38632754' intvolume: ' 109' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa_version: None pmid: 1 publication: Physical Review E publication_identifier: eissn: - 2470-0053 issn: - 2470-0045 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '20203' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 109 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '17373' abstract: - lang: eng text: Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations thereof. Regardless of the underlying signal source, SKPM results in a voltage image, which is spatially distorted due to the finite size of the probe, long-range electrostatic interactions, mechanical and electrical noise, and the finite response time of the electronics. In order to recover the underlying signal, it is necessary to deconvolve the measurement with an appropriate point spread function (PSF) that accounts the aforementioned distortions, but determining this PSF is difficult. Here, we describe how such PSFs can be determined experimentally and show how they can be used to recover the underlying information of interest. We first consider the physical principles that enable SKPM and discuss how these affect the system PSF. We then show how one can experimentally measure PSFs by looking at well-defined features, and that these compare well to simulated PSFs, provided scans are performed extremely slowly and carefully. Next, we work at realistic scan speeds and show that the idealized PSFs fail to capture temporal distortions in the scan direction. While simulating PSFs for these situations would be quite challenging, we show that measuring PSFs with similar scan conditions works well. Our approach clarifies the basic principles and inherent challenges to SKPM measurements and gives practical methods to improve results. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: LifeSc - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis Group for useful discussions and feedback. article_number: '045305' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Lubuna B full_name: Shafeek, Lubuna B id: 3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shafeek orcid: 0000-0001-7180-6050 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 2024;136(4). doi:10.1063/5.0215151' apa: 'Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151' chicago: 'Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151.' ieee: 'I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 136, no. 4. AIP Publishing, 2024.' ista: 'Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 136(4), 045305.' mla: 'Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 136, no. 4, 045305, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1063/5.0215151.' short: I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Journal of Applied Physics 136 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-08-04T22:01:21Z date_published: 2024-07-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-24T11:46:54Z day: '28' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: NanoFab doi: 10.1063/5.0215151 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001281681100003' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 6141d05cd68d540a7446dce9490975db content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-08-05T08:19:58Z date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:19:58Z file_id: '17386' file_name: 2024_JourApplPhysics_Lenton.pdf file_size: 2537502 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-08-05T08:19:58Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 136' isi: 1 issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Journal of Applied Physics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1089-7550 issn: - 0021-8979 publication_status: published publisher: AIP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '22684' relation: dissertation_contains status: for_moderation scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging' tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 136 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '12697' abstract: - lang: eng text: Models for same-material contact electrification in granular media often rely on a local charge-driving parameter whose spatial variations lead to a stochastic origin for charge exchange. Measuring the charge transfer from individual granular spheres after contacts with substrates of the same material, we find instead a “global” charging behavior, coherent over the sample’s whole surface. Cleaning and baking samples fully resets charging magnitude and direction, which indicates the underlying global parameter is not intrinsic to the material, but acquired from its history. Charging behavior is randomly and irreversibly affected by changes in relative humidity, hinting at a mechanism where adsorbates, in particular, water, are fundamental to the charge-transfer process. acknowledgement: "We would like to thank Troy Shinbrot, Victor Lee and Daniele Foresti for helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council Grant Agreement No. 949120 and from the the Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program." article_number: '098202' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Galien M full_name: Grosjean, Galien M id: 0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425 last_name: Grosjean orcid: 0000-0001-5154-417X - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. 2023;130(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202 apa: Grosjean, G. M., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202 chicago: Grosjean, Galien M, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Single-Collision Statistics Reveal a Global Mechanism Driven by Sample History for Contact Electrification in Granular Media.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202. ieee: G. M. Grosjean and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, no. 9. American Physical Society, 2023. ista: Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. 130(9), 098202. mla: Grosjean, Galien M., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Single-Collision Statistics Reveal a Global Mechanism Driven by Sample History for Contact Electrification in Granular Media.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, no. 9, 098202, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202. short: G.M. Grosjean, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 130 (2023). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2023-02-28T12:14:46Z date_published: 2023-03-03T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-04-23T08:51:13Z day: '03' ddc: - '530' - '537' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2211.02488' isi: - '000946178200008' pmid: - '36930925' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: c4f2f6eea0408811f8f4898e15890355 content_type: application/pdf creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2023-02-28T12:20:27Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:20:27Z file_id: '12698' file_name: Main_Preprint.pdf file_size: 2301864 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 6af6ed6c97a977f923de4162294b43c4 content_type: application/pdf creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2023-02-28T12:20:55Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:20:55Z file_id: '12699' file_name: Suppl_info.pdf file_size: 1138625 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 3f20365fb9515bdba3a111d912c8d8b4 content_type: video/mp4 creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2023-02-28T12:37:54Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:37:54Z file_id: '12700' file_name: Suppl_vid1.mp4 file_size: 793449 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 90cecacbe0e2f9dea11f91a4ba20c32e content_type: video/mp4 creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2023-02-28T12:37:54Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:37:54Z file_id: '12701' file_name: Suppl_vid2.mp4 file_size: 455925 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-02-28T12:37:54Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 130' isi: 1 issue: '9' keyword: - General Physics - Electrostatics - Triboelectricity - Soft Matter - Acoustic Levitation - Granular Materials language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02488 month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1079-7114 issn: - 0031-9007 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '8101' relation: research_paper status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 130 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '12789' abstract: - lang: eng text: Experiments have shown that charge distributions of granular materials are non-Gaussian, with broad tails that indicate many particles with high charge. This observation has consequences for the behavior of granular materials in many settings, and may bear relevance to the underlying charge transfer mechanism. However, there is the unaddressed possibility that broad tails arise due to experimental uncertainties, as determining the shapes of tails is nontrivial. Here we show that measurement uncertainties can indeed account for most of the tail broadening previously observed. The clue that reveals this is that distributions are sensitive to the electric field at which they are measured; ones measured at low (high) fields have larger (smaller) tails. Accounting for sources of uncertainty, we reproduce this broadening in silico. Finally, we use our results to back out the true charge distribution without broadening, which we find is still non-Guassian, though with substantially different behavior at the tails and indicating significantly fewer highly charged particles. These results have implications in many natural settings where electrostatic interactions, especially among highly charged particles, strongly affect granular behavior. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop acknowledgement: This research was supported by Grants QUIMAL 160001 and Fondecyt 1221597. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop. We thank the machine shop technical assistance of Ricardo Silva and Andrés Espinosa at Departamento de Física, Universidad de Chile. article_number: '034901' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicolás full_name: Mujica, Nicolás last_name: Mujica - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Mujica N, Waitukaitis SR. Accurate determination of the shapes of granular charge distributions. Physical Review E. 2023;107(3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034901 apa: Mujica, N., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Accurate determination of the shapes of granular charge distributions. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034901 chicago: Mujica, Nicolás, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Accurate Determination of the Shapes of Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034901. ieee: N. Mujica and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Accurate determination of the shapes of granular charge distributions,” Physical Review E, vol. 107, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2023. ista: Mujica N, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Accurate determination of the shapes of granular charge distributions. Physical Review E. 107(3), 034901. mla: Mujica, Nicolás, and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Accurate Determination of the Shapes of Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review E, vol. 107, no. 3, 034901, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034901. short: N. Mujica, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 107 (2023). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2023-04-02T22:01:10Z date_published: 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:54:10Z day: '01' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034901 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000992142700001' pmid: - '37072968' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 48f5dfe4e5f1c46c3c86805cd8f84bea content_type: application/pdf creator: swaituka date_created: 2023-11-27T09:51:48Z date_updated: 2023-11-27T09:51:48Z file_id: '14612' file_name: PhysRevE.107.034901 (1).pdf file_size: 1428631 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-11-27T09:51:48Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 107' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Physical Review E publication_identifier: eissn: - 2470-0053 issn: - 2470-0045 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Accurate determination of the shapes of granular charge distributions type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 107 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '13197' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Nominally identical materials exchange net electric charge during contact through a mechanism that is still debated. ‘Mosaic models’, in which surfaces are presumed to consist of a random patchwork of microscopic donor/acceptor sites, offer an appealing explanation for this phenomenon. However, recent experiments have shown that global differences persist even between same-material samples, which the standard mosaic framework does not account for. Here, we expand the mosaic framework by incorporating global differences in the densities of donor/acceptor sites. We develop\r\nan analytical model, backed by numerical simulations, that smoothly connects the global and deterministic charge transfer of different materials to the local and stochastic mosaic picture normally associated with identical materials. Going further, we extend our model to explain the effect of contact asymmetries during sliding, providing a plausible explanation for reversal of charging sign that has been observed experimentally." acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the European Research Council Grant Agreement No. 949120 and from\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant\r\nAgreement No. 754411. " article_number: '065601' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Galien M full_name: Grosjean, Galien M id: 0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425 last_name: Grosjean orcid: 0000-0001-5154-417X - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts. Physical Review Materials. 2023;7(6). doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601' apa: 'Grosjean, G. M., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601' chicago: 'Grosjean, Galien M, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Asymmetries in Triboelectric Charging: Generalizing Mosaic Models to Different-Material Samples and Sliding Contacts.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601.' ieee: 'G. M. Grosjean and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 7, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2023.' ista: 'Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts. Physical Review Materials. 7(6), 065601.' mla: 'Grosjean, Galien M., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Asymmetries in Triboelectric Charging: Generalizing Mosaic Models to Different-Material Samples and Sliding Contacts.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 7, no. 6, 065601, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601.' short: G.M. Grosjean, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 7 (2023). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2023-07-07T12:48:01Z date_published: 2023-06-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:43:55Z day: '13' ddc: - '537' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.065601 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2304.12861' isi: - '001019565900002' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 75584730d9cdd50eeccb4c52c509776d content_type: application/pdf creator: ggrosjea date_created: 2023-07-07T12:49:51Z date_updated: 2023-07-07T12:49:51Z file_id: '13198' file_name: Mosaic_asymmetries.pdf file_size: 1127040 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-07-07T12:49:51Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 7' isi: 1 issue: '6' keyword: - Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) - General Materials Science language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Physical Review Materials publication_identifier: issn: - 2475-9953 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Asymmetries in triboelectric charging: Generalizing mosaic models to different-material samples and sliding contacts' type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 7 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14514' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The elastic Leidenfrost effect occurs when a vaporizable soft solid is lowered onto a hot surface. Evaporative flow couples to elastic deformation, giving spontaneous bouncing or steady-state floating. The effect embodies an unexplored interplay between thermodynamics, elasticity, and lubrication: despite being observed, its basic theoretical description remains a challenge. Here, we provide a theory of elastic Leidenfrost floating. As weight increases, a rigid solid sits closer to the hot surface. By contrast, we discover an elasticity-dominated regime where the heavier the solid, the higher it floats. This geometry-governed behavior is reminiscent of the dynamics of large liquid Leidenfrost drops. We show that this elastic regime is characterized by Hertzian behavior of the solid’s underbelly and derive how the float height scales with materials parameters. Introducing a dimensionless elastic Leidenfrost number, we capture the crossover between rigid and Hertzian behavior. Our results provide theoretical underpinning for recent experiments, and point to the design of novel soft machines.' acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Dominic Vella, Jens Eggers, John Kolinski, Joshua Dijksman, and Daniel Bonn for insightful discussions. J. B. and A. S. acknowledge the support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through New Investigator Award No. EP/\r\nT000961/1. A. S. acknowledges the support of Royal Society under Grant No. RGS/R2/202135. J. E. S. acknowledges EPSRC Grants No. EP/N016602/1, EP/S022848/1, EP/S029966/1, and EP/P031684/1." article_number: '168201' article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Jack full_name: Binysh, Jack last_name: Binysh - first_name: Indrajit full_name: Chakraborty, Indrajit last_name: Chakraborty - first_name: Mykyta V. full_name: Chubynsky, Mykyta V. last_name: Chubynsky - first_name: Vicente L full_name: Diaz Melian, Vicente L id: b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631 last_name: Diaz Melian - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 - first_name: James E. full_name: Sprittles, James E. last_name: Sprittles - first_name: Anton full_name: Souslov, Anton last_name: Souslov citation: ama: Binysh J, Chakraborty I, Chubynsky MV, et al. Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids. Physical Review Letters. 2023;131(16). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.168201 apa: Binysh, J., Chakraborty, I., Chubynsky, M. V., Diaz Melian, V. L., Waitukaitis, S. R., Sprittles, J. E., & Souslov, A. (2023). Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.168201 chicago: Binysh, Jack, Indrajit Chakraborty, Mykyta V. Chubynsky, Vicente L Diaz Melian, Scott R Waitukaitis, James E. Sprittles, and Anton Souslov. “Modeling Leidenfrost Levitation of Soft Elastic Solids.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.168201. ieee: J. Binysh et al., “Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 131, no. 16. American Physical Society, 2023. ista: Binysh J, Chakraborty I, Chubynsky MV, Diaz Melian VL, Waitukaitis SR, Sprittles JE, Souslov A. 2023. Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids. Physical Review Letters. 131(16), 168201. mla: Binysh, Jack, et al. “Modeling Leidenfrost Levitation of Soft Elastic Solids.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 131, no. 16, 168201, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.168201. short: J. Binysh, I. Chakraborty, M.V. Chubynsky, V.L. Diaz Melian, S.R. Waitukaitis, J.E. Sprittles, A. Souslov, Physical Review Letters 131 (2023). date_created: 2023-11-12T23:00:55Z date_published: 2023-10-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:19:07Z day: '20' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.168201 external_id: isi: - '001164388300007' pmid: - '37925690' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1a419e25b762aadffbcc8eb2e609bd97 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2023-11-13T09:12:58Z date_updated: 2023-11-13T09:12:58Z file_id: '14524' file_name: 2023_PhysRevLetters_Binysh.pdf file_size: 724098 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-11-13T09:12:58Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 131' isi: 1 issue: '16' language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1079-7114 issn: - 0031-9007 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '14523' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 131 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14523' abstract: - lang: eng text: see Readme file article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Jack full_name: Binysh, Jack last_name: Binysh - first_name: Indrajit full_name: Chakraborty, Indrajit last_name: Chakraborty - first_name: Mykyta full_name: Chubynsky, Mykyta last_name: Chubynsky - first_name: Vicente L full_name: Diaz Melian, Vicente L id: b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631 last_name: Diaz Melian - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 - first_name: James full_name: Sprittles, James last_name: Sprittles - first_name: Anton full_name: Souslov, Anton last_name: Souslov citation: ama: 'Binysh J, Chakraborty I, Chubynsky M, et al. SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1. 2023. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.8329143' apa: 'Binysh, J., Chakraborty, I., Chubynsky, M., Diaz Melian, V. L., Waitukaitis, S. R., Sprittles, J., & Souslov, A. (2023). SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8329143' chicago: 'Binysh, Jack, Indrajit Chakraborty, Mykyta Chubynsky, Vicente L Diaz Melian, Scott R Waitukaitis, James Sprittles, and Anton Souslov. “SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: V1.0.1.” Zenodo, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8329143.' ieee: 'J. Binysh et al., “SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1.” Zenodo, 2023.' ista: 'Binysh J, Chakraborty I, Chubynsky M, Diaz Melian VL, Waitukaitis SR, Sprittles J, Souslov A. 2023. SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.8329143.' mla: 'Binysh, Jack, et al. SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: V1.0.1. Zenodo, 2023, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.8329143.' short: J. Binysh, I. Chakraborty, M. Chubynsky, V.L. Diaz Melian, S.R. Waitukaitis, J. Sprittles, A. Souslov, (2023). date_created: 2023-11-13T09:12:11Z date_published: 2023-09-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:19:07Z day: '08' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: ScWa doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.8329143 main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8329143 month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Zenodo related_material: record: - id: '14514' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: 'SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1' type: research_data_reference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14864' acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Starting Grant (No. 949120). article_number: '6166' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Stöllner, Andrea id: 4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed last_name: Stöllner orcid: 0000-0002-0464-8440 - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: 'Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. In: EGU General Assembly 2023. European Geosciences Union; 2023. doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166' apa: 'Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Muller, C. J., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. In EGU General Assembly 2023. Vienna, Austria & Virtual: European Geosciences Union. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166' chicago: Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Caroline J Muller, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Measuring Spontaneous Charging of Single Aerosol Particles.” In EGU General Assembly 2023. European Geosciences Union, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166. ieee: A. Stöllner, I. C. Lenton, C. J. Muller, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles,” in EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria & Virtual, 2023. ista: Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. EGU General Assembly 2023. EGU General Assembly, 6166. mla: Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Measuring Spontaneous Charging of Single Aerosol Particles.” EGU General Assembly 2023, 6166, European Geosciences Union, 2023, doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166. short: A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, in:, EGU General Assembly 2023, European Geosciences Union, 2023. conference: end_date: 2023-04-28 location: Vienna, Austria & Virtual name: EGU General Assembly start_date: 2023-04-23 corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-01-22T12:09:07Z date_published: 2023-04-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:54:10Z day: '23' ddc: - '530' department: - _id: CaMu - _id: ScWa doi: 10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166 ec_funded: 1 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8d6ddbb359e584b156f991f00196d86b content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-01-23T13:00:26Z date_updated: 2024-01-23T13:00:26Z file_id: '14880' file_name: 2023_EGU_Stoellner.pdf file_size: 419736 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-01-23T13:00:26Z has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: EGU General Assembly 2023 publication_status: published publisher: European Geosciences Union status: public title: Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: conference_abstract user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '12109' abstract: - lang: eng text: Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification (CE) at the nanoscale, but converting KPFM voltage maps to charge density maps is nontrivial due to long-range forces and complex system geometry. Here we present a strategy using finite-element method (FEM) simulations to determine the Green's function of the KPFM probe/insulator/ground system, which allows us to quantitatively extract surface charge. Testing our approach with synthetic data, we find that accounting for the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, cone, and cantilever is necessary to recover a known input and that existing methods lead to gross miscalculation or even the incorrect sign of the underlying charge. Applying it to experimental data, we demonstrate its capacity to extract realistic surface charge densities and fine details from contact-charged surfaces. Our method gives a straightforward recipe to convert qualitative KPFM voltage data into quantitative charge data over a range of experimental conditions, enabling quantitative CE at the nanoscale. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: NanoFab - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine\r\nShop, the Nanofabrication Facility, and the Scientific Computing Facility. We thank F. Stumpf from Park Systems for useful discussions and support with scanning probe microscopy.\r\nF.P. and J.C.S. contributed equally to this work." article_number: '125605' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Felix full_name: Pertl, Felix id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af last_name: Pertl orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794 - first_name: Juan Carlos A full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425 last_name: Sobarzo Ponce - first_name: Lubuna B full_name: Shafeek, Lubuna B id: 3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shafeek orcid: 0000-0001-7180-6050 - first_name: Tobias full_name: Cramer, Tobias last_name: Cramer - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 2022;6(12). doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 apa: Pertl, F., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Shafeek, L. B., Cramer, T., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2022). Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 chicago: Pertl, Felix, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, Lubuna B Shafeek, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605. ieee: F. Pertl, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, L. B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 6, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022. ista: Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2022. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 6(12), 125605. mla: Pertl, Felix, et al. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 6, no. 12, 125605, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605. short: F. Pertl, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, L.B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 6 (2022). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2023-01-08T23:00:53Z date_published: 2022-12-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-24T11:46:54Z day: '29' department: - _id: ScWa - _id: NanoFab doi: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2209.01889' isi: - '000908384800001' intvolume: ' 6' isi: 1 issue: '12' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.01889' month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' publication: Physical Review Materials publication_identifier: eissn: - 2475-9953 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '20203' relation: dissertation_contains status: public - id: '22684' relation: dissertation_contains status: for_moderation scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach type: journal_article user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8 volume: 6 year: '2022' ...