---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21295'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Depending on the type of flow, the transition to turbulence can take one
    of two forms: either turbulence arises from a sequence of instabilities or from
    the spatial proliferation of transiently chaotic domains, a process analogous
    to directed percolation. The former scenario is commonly referred to as a supercritical
    transition and frequently encountered in flows destabilized by body forces, whereas
    the latter subcritical transition is common in shear flows. Both cases are inherently
    continuous in a sense that the transformation from ordered laminar to fully turbulent
    fluid motion is only accomplished gradually with flow speed. Here we show that
    these established transition types do not account for the more general setting
    of shear flows subject to body forces. The combination of the two continuous scenarios
    leads to the attenuation of spatial coupling; with increasing forcing amplitude,
    the transition becomes increasingly sharp and eventually discontinuous. We argue
    that the suppression of laminar–turbulent coexistence and the approach towards
    a discontinuous phase transition potentially apply to a broad range of situations
    including flows subject to, for example, buoyancy, centrifugal or electromagnetic
    forces.'
acknowledgement: The work was supported by the Simons Foundation (grant number 662960,
  to B.H.). Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST
  Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Bowen
  full_name: Yang, Bowen
  id: 71b6ff4b-15b2-11ec-abd3-aef6b028cf7e
  last_name: Yang
  orcid: 0000-0002-4843-6853
- first_name: Yi
  full_name: Zhuang, Yi
  id: 3677B57C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zhuang
- first_name: Gökhan
  full_name: Yalniz, Gökhan
  id: 66E74FA2-D8BF-11E9-8249-8DE2E5697425
  last_name: Yalniz
  orcid: 0000-0002-8490-9312
- first_name: Mukund
  full_name: Vasudevan, Mukund
  id: 3C5A959A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vasudevan
- first_name: Elena
  full_name: Marensi, Elena
  id: 0BE7553A-1004-11EA-B805-18983DDC885E
  last_name: Marensi
  orcid: 0000-0001-7173-4923
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
citation:
  ama: Yang B, Zhuang Y, Yalniz G, Vasudevan M, Marensi E, Hof B. Discontinuous transition
    to shear flow turbulence. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2026;22:424-429. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3">10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3</a>
  apa: Yang, B., Zhuang, Y., Yalniz, G., Vasudevan, M., Marensi, E., &#38; Hof, B.
    (2026). Discontinuous transition to shear flow turbulence. <i>Nature Physics</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3</a>
  chicago: Yang, Bowen, Yi Zhuang, Gökhan Yalniz, Mukund Vasudevan, Elena Marensi,
    and Björn Hof. “Discontinuous Transition to Shear Flow Turbulence.” <i>Nature
    Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3</a>.
  ieee: B. Yang, Y. Zhuang, G. Yalniz, M. Vasudevan, E. Marensi, and B. Hof, “Discontinuous
    transition to shear flow turbulence,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 22. Springer
    Nature, pp. 424–429, 2026.
  ista: Yang B, Zhuang Y, Yalniz G, Vasudevan M, Marensi E, Hof B. 2026. Discontinuous
    transition to shear flow turbulence. Nature Physics. 22, 424–429.
  mla: Yang, Bowen, et al. “Discontinuous Transition to Shear Flow Turbulence.” <i>Nature
    Physics</i>, vol. 22, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 424–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3">10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3</a>.
  short: B. Yang, Y. Zhuang, G. Yalniz, M. Vasudevan, E. Marensi, B. Hof, Nature Physics
    22 (2026) 424–429.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: Source data are available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17514317
  (ref. 51). The numerical simulations were carried out using the open-source codes
  openpipeflow41 and nsPipeflow45.
date_created: 2026-02-17T11:38:41Z
date_published: 2026-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-27T11:13:48Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '532'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2311.11474'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 0636abba74896c467a7237411fa2369b
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-07-27T11:12:46Z
  date_updated: 2026-07-27T11:12:46Z
  file_id: '22420'
  file_name: 2026_NaturePhysics_Yang.pdf
  file_size: 5152735
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-27T11:12:46Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        22'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 424-429
project:
- _id: 238598C6-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  grant_number: '662960'
  name: Revisiting the Turbulence Problem Using Statistical Mechanics
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1745-2481
  issn:
  - 1745-2473
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Discontinuous transition to shear flow turbulence
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 22
year: '2026'
...
---
APC_amount: 7068 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20402'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The recent classification of the onset of turbulence as a directed percolation
    (DP) phase transition has been applied to all major shear flows including pipe,
    channel, Couette and boundary layer flows. A cornerstone of the DP analogy is
    the memoryless (Poisson) property of turbulent sites. We here show that, for the
    classic case of channel flow, neither the decay nor the proliferation of turbulent
    stripes is memoryless. As demonstrated by a standard analysis of the respective
    survival curves, isolated channel stripes, in the immediate vicinity of the critical
    point, age. Consequently, the one to one mapping between turbulent stripes and
    active DP-sites is not fulfilled in this low Reynolds number regime. In addition,
    the interpretation of turbulence as a chaotic saddle with supertransient properties,
    the basis of recent theoretical progress, does not apply to individual localized
    stripes. The discrepancy between channel flow and the transition models established
    for pipe and Couette flow, illustrates that seemingly minor geometrical differences
    between flows can give rise to instabilities and growth mechanisms that fundamentally
    alter the nature of the transition to turbulence.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (662960,
  BH). We thank Yohann Duguet for helpful discussions, Baofang Song for the initial
  adaptation of openpipeflow57 to the channel geometry, and Ashley P. Willis for openpipeflow57.
article_number: '8447'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Mukund
  full_name: Vasudevan, Mukund
  id: 3C5A959A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vasudevan
- first_name: Chaitanya S
  full_name: Paranjape, Chaitanya S
  id: 3D85B7C4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paranjape
- first_name: Michael Philip
  full_name: Sitte, Michael Philip
  id: 0ba0f1f2-9cfe-11f0-bee6-f95318d225b0
  last_name: Sitte
- first_name: Gökhan
  full_name: Yalniz, Gökhan
  id: 66E74FA2-D8BF-11E9-8249-8DE2E5697425
  last_name: Yalniz
  orcid: 0000-0002-8490-9312
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
citation:
  ama: Vasudevan M, Paranjape CS, Sitte MP, Yalniz G, Hof B. Aging and memory of transitional
    turbulence. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7">10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7</a>
  apa: Vasudevan, M., Paranjape, C. S., Sitte, M. P., Yalniz, G., &#38; Hof, B. (2025).
    Aging and memory of transitional turbulence. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7</a>
  chicago: Vasudevan, Mukund, Chaitanya S Paranjape, Michael Philip Sitte, Gökhan
    Yalniz, and Björn Hof. “Aging and Memory of Transitional Turbulence.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7</a>.
  ieee: M. Vasudevan, C. S. Paranjape, M. P. Sitte, G. Yalniz, and B. Hof, “Aging
    and memory of transitional turbulence,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16.
    Springer Nature, 2025.
  ista: Vasudevan M, Paranjape CS, Sitte MP, Yalniz G, Hof B. 2025. Aging and memory
    of transitional turbulence. Nature Communications. 16, 8447.
  mla: Vasudevan, Mukund, et al. “Aging and Memory of Transitional Turbulence.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 16, 8447, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7">10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7</a>.
  short: M. Vasudevan, C.S. Paranjape, M.P. Sitte, G. Yalniz, B. Hof, Nature Communications
    16 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-09-27T13:27:31Z
date_published: 2025-09-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-20T07:56:59Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '532'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63044-7
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2112.06537'
  isi:
  - '001582555200041'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 945926ead9cde464435d456427e2869e
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-09-27T13:32:03Z
  date_updated: 2025-09-27T13:32:03Z
  file_id: '20403'
  file_name: s41467-025-63044-7.pdf
  file_size: 2226082
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2025-09-27T13:32:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 238598C6-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  grant_number: '662960'
  name: Revisiting the Turbulence Problem Using Statistical Mechanics
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
  name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Aging and memory of transitional turbulence
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '17128'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The onset of turbulence in pipe flow has defied detailed understanding ever
    since the first observations of the spatially heterogeneous nature of the transition.
    Recent theoretical studies and experiments in simpler, shear-driven flows suggest
    that the onset of turbulence is a directed-percolation non-equilibrium phase transition,
    but whether these findings are generic and also apply to open or pressure-driven
    flows is unknown. In pipe flow, the extremely long time scales near the transition
    make direct observations of critical behaviour virtually impossible. Here we find
    a technical solution to that limitation and show that the universality class of
    the transition is directed percolation, from which a jammed phase of puffs emerges
    above the critical point. Our method is to experimentally characterize all pairwise
    interactions between localized patches of turbulence puffs and use these interactions
    as input for renormalization group and computer simulations of minimal models
    that extrapolate to long length and time scales. The strong interactions in the
    jamming regime enable us to explicitly measure the turbulent fraction and confirm
    model predictions. Our work shows that directed-percolation scaling applies beyond
    simple closed shear flows and underscores how statistical mechanics can lead to
    profound, quantitative and predictive insights on turbulent flows and their phases.
acknowledgement: We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of J. M. Lopez with DNSs
  at an early stage of this work. This work was partially supported by two grants
  from the Simons Foundation (grant nos. 662985 (N.G.) and 662960 (B.H.)) and by Ministry
  of Science and Technology, Taiwan (grant nos. MOST 109-2112-M-001-017-MY3 and MOST
  111-2112-M-001-027-MY3 (H.-Y.S.)). Part of this work was performed using computing
  resources of CRIANN (Normandy, France).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Grégoire M
  full_name: Lemoult, Grégoire M
  id: 4787FE80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lemoult
- first_name: Mukund
  full_name: Vasudevan, Mukund
  id: 3C5A959A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vasudevan
- first_name: Hong Yan
  full_name: Shih, Hong Yan
  last_name: Shih
- first_name: Gaute
  full_name: Linga, Gaute
  last_name: Linga
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Mathiesen, Joachim
  last_name: Mathiesen
- first_name: Nigel
  full_name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
  last_name: Goldenfeld
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
citation:
  ama: Lemoult GM, Vasudevan M, Shih HY, et al. Directed percolation and puff jamming
    near the transition to pipe turbulence. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2024;20:1339-1345.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0">10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0</a>
  apa: Lemoult, G. M., Vasudevan, M., Shih, H. Y., Linga, G., Mathiesen, J., Goldenfeld,
    N., &#38; Hof, B. (2024). Directed percolation and puff jamming near the transition
    to pipe turbulence. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0</a>
  chicago: Lemoult, Grégoire M, Mukund Vasudevan, Hong Yan Shih, Gaute Linga, Joachim
    Mathiesen, Nigel Goldenfeld, and Björn Hof. “Directed Percolation and Puff Jamming
    near the Transition to Pipe Turbulence.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature,
    2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0</a>.
  ieee: G. M. Lemoult <i>et al.</i>, “Directed percolation and puff jamming near the
    transition to pipe turbulence,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 20. Springer Nature,
    pp. 1339–1345, 2024.
  ista: Lemoult GM, Vasudevan M, Shih HY, Linga G, Mathiesen J, Goldenfeld N, Hof
    B. 2024. Directed percolation and puff jamming near the transition to pipe turbulence.
    Nature Physics. 20, 1339–1345.
  mla: Lemoult, Grégoire M., et al. “Directed Percolation and Puff Jamming near the
    Transition to Pipe Turbulence.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 20, Springer Nature,
    2024, pp. 1339–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0">10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0</a>.
  short: G.M. Lemoult, M. Vasudevan, H.Y. Shih, G. Linga, J. Mathiesen, N. Goldenfeld,
    B. Hof, Nature Physics 20 (2024) 1339–1345.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-06-09T22:01:03Z
date_published: 2024-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:50:20Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1038/s41567-024-02513-0
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001232300600001'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 1339-1345
project:
- _id: 238598C6-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  grant_number: '662960'
  name: Revisiting the Turbulence Problem Using Statistical Mechanics
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1745-2481
  issn:
  - 1745-2473
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Directed percolation and puff jamming near the transition to pipe turbulence
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 20
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '5996'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In pipes, turbulence sets in despite the linear stability of the laminar
    Hagen–Poiseuille flow. The Reynolds number ( ) for which turbulence first appears
    in a given experiment – the ‘natural transition point’ – depends on imperfections
    of the set-up, or, more precisely, on the magnitude of finite amplitude perturbations.
    At onset, turbulence typically only occupies a certain fraction of the flow, and
    this fraction equally is found to differ from experiment to experiment. Despite
    these findings, Reynolds proposed that after sufficiently long times, flows may
    settle to steady conditions: below a critical velocity, flows should (regardless
    of initial conditions) always return to laminar, while above this velocity, eddying
    motion should persist. As will be shown, even in pipes several thousand diameters
    long, the spatio-temporal intermittent flow patterns observed at the end of the
    pipe strongly depend on the initial conditions, and there is no indication that
    different flow patterns would eventually settle to a (statistical) steady state.
    Exploiting the fact that turbulent puffs do not age (i.e. they are memoryless),
    we continuously recreate the puff sequence exiting the pipe at the pipe entrance,
    and in doing so introduce periodic boundary conditions for the puff pattern. This
    procedure allows us to study the evolution of the flow patterns for arbitrary
    long times, and we find that after times in excess of advective time units, indeed
    a statistical steady state is reached. Although the resulting flows remain spatio-temporally
    intermittent, puff splitting and decay rates eventually reach a balance, so that
    the turbulent fraction fluctuates around a well-defined level which only depends
    on . In accordance with Reynolds’ proposition, we find that at lower (here 2020),
    flows eventually always resume to laminar, while for higher ( ), turbulence persists.
    The critical point for pipe flow hence falls in the interval of $2020 , which
    is in very good agreement with the recently proposed value of . The latter estimate
    was based on single-puff statistics and entirely neglected puff interactions.
    Unlike in typical contact processes where such interactions strongly affect the
    percolation threshold, in pipe flow, the critical point is only marginally influenced.
    Interactions, on the other hand, are responsible for the approach to the statistical
    steady state. As shown, they strongly affect the resulting flow patterns, where
    they cause ‘puff clustering’, and these regions of large puff densities are observed
    to travel across the puff pattern in a wave-like fashion.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: ' We  also  thank  Philipp  Maier  and  the  IST  Austria  workshop  for  their
  dedicated technical support'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Mukund
  full_name: Vasudevan, Mukund
  id: 3C5A959A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vasudevan
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
citation:
  ama: Vasudevan M, Hof B. The critical point of the transition to turbulence in pipe
    flow. <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>. 2018;839:76-94. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923">10.1017/jfm.2017.923</a>
  apa: Vasudevan, M., &#38; Hof, B. (2018). The critical point of the transition to
    turbulence in pipe flow. <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>. Cambridge University
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923">https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923</a>
  chicago: Vasudevan, Mukund, and Björn Hof. “The Critical Point of the Transition
    to Turbulence in Pipe Flow.” <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>. Cambridge University
    Press, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923">https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923</a>.
  ieee: M. Vasudevan and B. Hof, “The critical point of the transition to turbulence
    in pipe flow,” <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>, vol. 839. Cambridge University
    Press, pp. 76–94, 2018.
  ista: Vasudevan M, Hof B. 2018. The critical point of the transition to turbulence
    in pipe flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 839, 76–94.
  mla: Vasudevan, Mukund, and Björn Hof. “The Critical Point of the Transition to
    Turbulence in Pipe Flow.” <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>, vol. 839, Cambridge
    University Press, 2018, pp. 76–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.923">10.1017/jfm.2017.923</a>.
  short: M. Vasudevan, B. Hof, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 839 (2018) 76–94.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2019-02-14T12:50:50Z
date_published: 2018-03-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-28T14:02:09Z
day: '25'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1017/jfm.2017.923
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1709.06372'
  isi:
  - '000437858300003'
intvolume: '       839'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.06372
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 76-94
project:
- _id: 25152F3A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '306589'
  name: Decoding the complexity of turbulence at its origin
publication: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1469-7645
  issn:
  - 0022-1120
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The critical point of the transition to turbulence in pipe flow
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 839
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '1664'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Over a century of research into the origin of turbulence in wall-bounded shear
    flows has resulted in a puzzling picture in which turbulence appears in a variety
    of different states competing with laminar background flow. At moderate flow speeds,
    turbulence is confined to localized patches; it is only at higher speeds that
    the entire flow becomes turbulent. The origin of the different states encountered
    during this transition, the front dynamics of the turbulent regions and the transformation
    to full turbulence have yet to be explained. By combining experiments, theory
    and computer simulations, here we uncover a bifurcation scenario that explains
    the transformation to fully turbulent pipe flow and describe the front dynamics
    of the different states encountered in the process. Key to resolving this problem
    is the interpretation of the flow as a bistable system with nonlinear propagation
    (advection) of turbulent fronts. These findings bridge the gap between our understanding
    of the onset of turbulence and fully turbulent flows.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project No. FOR
  1182), and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework
  Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement 306589 for financial support. B.S.
  acknowledges financial support from the Chinese State Scholarship Fund under grant
  number 2010629145. B.S. acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research
  School for the Physics of Biological and Complex Systems and the Göttingen Graduate
  School for Neurosciences and Molecular Biosciences. We acknowledge computing resources
  from GWDG (Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung Göttingen) and the
  Jülich Supercomputing Centre (grant HGU16) where the simulations were performed.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Dwight
  full_name: Barkley, Dwight
  last_name: Barkley
- first_name: Baofang
  full_name: Song, Baofang
  last_name: Song
- first_name: Mukund
  full_name: Vasudevan, Mukund
  id: 3C5A959A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vasudevan
- first_name: Grégoire M
  full_name: Lemoult, Grégoire M
  id: 4787FE80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lemoult
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Avila, Marc
  last_name: Avila
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
citation:
  ama: Barkley D, Song B, Vasudevan M, Lemoult GM, Avila M, Hof B. The rise of fully
    turbulent flow. <i>Nature</i>. 2015;526(7574):550-553. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701">10.1038/nature15701</a>
  apa: Barkley, D., Song, B., Vasudevan, M., Lemoult, G. M., Avila, M., &#38; Hof,
    B. (2015). The rise of fully turbulent flow. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing
    Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701</a>
  chicago: Barkley, Dwight, Baofang Song, Mukund Vasudevan, Grégoire M Lemoult, Marc
    Avila, and Björn Hof. “The Rise of Fully Turbulent Flow.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature
    Publishing Group, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701</a>.
  ieee: D. Barkley, B. Song, M. Vasudevan, G. M. Lemoult, M. Avila, and B. Hof, “The
    rise of fully turbulent flow,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 526, no. 7574. Nature Publishing
    Group, pp. 550–553, 2015.
  ista: Barkley D, Song B, Vasudevan M, Lemoult GM, Avila M, Hof B. 2015. The rise
    of fully turbulent flow. Nature. 526(7574), 550–553.
  mla: Barkley, Dwight, et al. “The Rise of Fully Turbulent Flow.” <i>Nature</i>,
    vol. 526, no. 7574, Nature Publishing Group, 2015, pp. 550–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15701">10.1038/nature15701</a>.
  short: D. Barkley, B. Song, M. Vasudevan, G.M. Lemoult, M. Avila, B. Hof, Nature
    526 (2015) 550–553.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:20Z
date_published: 2015-10-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-23T14:15:52Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1038/nature15701
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1510.09143'
  isi:
  - '000364026100045'
intvolume: '       526'
isi: 1
issue: '7574'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.09143
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 550 - 553
project:
- _id: 25152F3A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '306589'
  name: Decoding the complexity of turbulence at its origin
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '5485'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The rise of fully turbulent flow
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 526
year: '2015'
...
