[{"abstract":[{"text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to probe the surface charge on insulating surfaces. In both cases, relating the measured potential to the underlying signal is non-trivial. Here, general relationships are derived between the measured SKPM voltage and the underlying source, revealing either can be cast as a convolution with an appropriately scaled point spread function (PSF). For charge that exists on a thin insulating layer above a conductor, the PSF has the same shape as what would occur from a work-function variation alone, differing by a simple scaling factor. This relationship is confirmed by: (1) backing it out from finite-element simulations of work-function and charge signals, and (2) experimentally comparing the measured PSF from a small work-function target to that from a small charge spot. This scaling factor is further validated by comparing SKPM charge measurements with Faraday cup measurements for highly charged samples from contact-charging experiments. These results highlight a heretofore unappreciated connection between SKPM voltage and charge signals, offering a rigorous recipe to extract either from experimental data.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2196-7350"]},"publication":"Advanced Materials Interfaces","date_created":"2025-09-07T22:01:33Z","file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","PlanS_conform":"1","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:25Z","type":"journal_article","DOAJ_listed":"1","OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","OA_type":"gold","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","citation":{"short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Advanced Materials Interfaces 12 (2025).","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>, vol. 12, no. 19, e00521, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">10.1002/admi.202500521</a>.","chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521</a>.","ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 12(19), e00521.","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy,” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>, vol. 12, no. 19. Wiley, 2025.","apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521</a>","ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. 2025;12(19). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">10.1002/admi.202500521</a>"},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"906fcc7733be8ce8a83600427b82cd5a","relation":"main_file","file_id":"20908","date_created":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","file_name":"2025_AdvMaterialsInterfaces_Lenton.pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":1830117}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank Evgeniia Volobueva for advice in preparing PFIB samples. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis group for useful discussions and feedback.","corr_author":"1","month":"10","day":"01","doi":"10.1002/admi.202500521","ec_funded":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        12","volume":12,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.07187"],"isi":["001560163400001"]},"_id":"20295","issue":"19","isi":1,"author":[{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","last_name":"Pertl"},{"first_name":"Lubuna B","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","last_name":"Shafeek","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}],"publisher":"Wiley","project":[{"grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"ddc":["530"],"article_number":"e00521","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes"},{"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:47:42Z","file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","date_created":"2024-08-04T22:01:21Z","publication":"Journal of Applied Physics","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1089-7550"],"issn":["0021-8979"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations thereof. Regardless of the underlying signal source, SKPM results in a voltage image, which is spatially distorted due to the finite size of the probe, long-range electrostatic interactions, mechanical and electrical noise, and the finite response time of the electronics. In order to recover the underlying signal, it is necessary to deconvolve the measurement with an appropriate point spread function (PSF) that accounts the aforementioned distortions, but determining this PSF is difficult. Here, we describe how such PSFs can be determined experimentally and show how they can be used to recover the underlying information of interest. We first consider the physical principles that enable SKPM and discuss how these affect the system PSF. We then show how one can experimentally measure PSFs by looking at well-defined features, and that these compare well to simulated PSFs, provided scans are performed extremely slowly and carefully. Next, we work at realistic scan speeds and show that the idealized PSFs fail to capture temporal distortions in the scan direction. While simulating PSFs for these situations would be quite challenging, we show that measuring PSFs with similar scan conditions works well. Our approach clarifies the basic principles and inherent challenges to SKPM measurements and gives practical methods to improve results."}],"has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis Group for useful discussions and feedback.","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"citation":{"ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. 2024;136(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">10.1063/5.0215151</a>","apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151</a>","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging,” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 136, no. 4. AIP Publishing, 2024.","ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 136(4), 045305.","short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Journal of Applied Physics 136 (2024).","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 136, no. 4, 045305, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">10.1063/5.0215151</a>.","chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. AIP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151</a>."},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"6141d05cd68d540a7446dce9490975db","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","file_id":"17386","file_name":"2024_JourApplPhysics_Lenton.pdf","date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":2537502}],"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"ec_funded":1,"day":"28","doi":"10.1063/5.0215151","corr_author":"1","month":"07","volume":136,"intvolume":"       136","isi":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","first_name":"Isaac C","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton"},{"id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","last_name":"Pertl","first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794"},{"id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","last_name":"Shafeek","first_name":"Lubuna B","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"issue":"4","_id":"17373","external_id":{"isi":["001281681100003"]},"year":"2024","article_number":"045305","ddc":["530"],"project":[{"grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"publisher":"AIP Publishing","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2024-07-28T00:00:00Z"},{"status":"public","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"citation":{"ista":"Kroll J, Hauschild R, Kuznetcov A, Stefanowski K, Hermann MD, Merrin J, Shafeek LB, Müller-Taubenberger A, Renkawitz J. 2023. Adaptive pathfinding by nucleokinesis during amoeboid migration. EMBO Journal., e114557.","chicago":"Kroll, Janina, Robert Hauschild, Arthur Kuznetcov, Kasia Stefanowski, Monika D. Hermann, Jack Merrin, Lubuna B Shafeek, Annette Müller-Taubenberger, and Jörg Renkawitz. “Adaptive Pathfinding by Nucleokinesis during Amoeboid Migration.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557\">https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557</a>.","mla":"Kroll, Janina, et al. “Adaptive Pathfinding by Nucleokinesis during Amoeboid Migration.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, e114557, Embo Press, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557\">10.15252/embj.2023114557</a>.","short":"J. Kroll, R. Hauschild, A. Kuznetcov, K. Stefanowski, M.D. Hermann, J. Merrin, L.B. Shafeek, A. Müller-Taubenberger, J. Renkawitz, EMBO Journal (2023).","ama":"Kroll J, Hauschild R, Kuznetcov A, et al. Adaptive pathfinding by nucleokinesis during amoeboid migration. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557\">10.15252/embj.2023114557</a>","apa":"Kroll, J., Hauschild, R., Kuznetcov, A., Stefanowski, K., Hermann, M. D., Merrin, J., … Renkawitz, J. (2023). Adaptive pathfinding by nucleokinesis during amoeboid migration. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557\">https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2023114557</a>","ieee":"J. Kroll <i>et al.</i>, “Adaptive pathfinding by nucleokinesis during amoeboid migration,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press, 2023."},"file":[{"file_name":"2023_EmboJournal_Kroll.pdf","date_created":"2023-11-27T08:45:56Z","file_id":"14611","creator":"dernst","file_size":4862497,"date_updated":"2023-11-27T08:45:56Z","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"checksum":"6261d0041c7e8d284c39712c40079730","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Christoph Mayr and Bingzhi Wang for initial experiments on amoeboid nucleokinesis, Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil and Aline Yatim for bone marrow from MyoIIA-Flox*CD11c-Cre mice, Michael Sixt and Aglaja Kopf for EMTB-mCherry, EB3-mCherry, Lifeact-GFP, Lfc knockout, and Myh9-GFP expressing HoxB8 cells, Malte Benjamin Braun, Mauricio Ruiz, and Madeleine T. Schmitt for critical reading of the manuscript, and the Core Facility Bioimaging, the Core Facility Flow Cytometry, and the Animal Core Facility of the Biomedical Center (BMC) for excellent support. This study was supported by the Peter Hans Hofschneider Professorship of the foundation “Stiftung Experimentelle Biomedizin” (to JR), the LMU Institutional Strategy LMU-Excellent within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative (to JR), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; German Research Foundation; SFB914 project A12, to JR), and the CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (https://doi.org/10.37921/120055ratwvi) from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF (to RH; an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation (funder https://doi.org/10.13039/100014989)). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.","scopus_import":"1","month":"11","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"doi":"10.15252/embj.2023114557","day":"21","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Motile cells moving in multicellular organisms encounter microenvironments of locally heterogeneous mechanochemical composition. Individual compositional parameters like chemotactic signals, adhesiveness, and pore sizes are well known to be sensed by motile cells, providing individual guidance cues for cellular pathfinding. However, motile cells encounter diverse mechanochemical signals at the same time, raising the question of how cells respond to locally diverse and potentially competing signals on their migration routes. Here, we reveal that motile amoeboid cells require nuclear repositioning, termed nucleokinesis, for adaptive pathfinding in heterogeneous mechanochemical microenvironments. Using mammalian immune cells and the amoeba<jats:italic>Dictyostelium discoideum</jats:italic>, we discover that frequent, rapid and long-distance nucleokinesis is a basic component of amoeboid pathfinding, enabling cells to reorientate quickly between locally competing cues. Amoeboid nucleokinesis comprises a two-step cell polarity switch and is driven by myosin II-forces, sliding the nucleus from a ‘losing’ to the ‘winning’ leading edge to re-adjust the nuclear to the cellular path. Impaired nucleokinesis distorts fast path adaptions and causes cellular arrest in the microenvironment. Our findings establish that nucleokinesis is required for amoeboid cell navigation. Given that motile single-cell amoebae, many immune cells, and some cancer cells utilize an amoeboid migration strategy, these results suggest that amoeboid nucleokinesis underlies cellular navigation during unicellular biology, immunity, and disease."}],"date_created":"2023-08-01T08:59:06Z","publication":"EMBO Journal","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0261-4189"],"eissn":["1460-2075"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-11-27T08:45:56Z","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-09-09T12:44:04Z","article_type":"original","title":"Adaptive pathfinding by nucleokinesis during amoeboid migration","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"Embo Press","ddc":["570"],"year":"2023","article_number":"e114557","date_published":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","_id":"13342","external_id":{"pmid":["37987147"],"isi":["001120971800001"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Kroll","full_name":"Kroll, Janina","first_name":"Janina"},{"last_name":"Hauschild","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522"},{"first_name":"Arthur","full_name":"Kuznetcov, Arthur","last_name":"Kuznetcov"},{"first_name":"Kasia","last_name":"Stefanowski","full_name":"Stefanowski, Kasia"},{"first_name":"Monika D.","last_name":"Hermann","full_name":"Hermann, Monika D."},{"last_name":"Merrin","full_name":"Merrin, Jack","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","first_name":"Jack"},{"full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Shafeek","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","first_name":"Lubuna B"},{"first_name":"Annette","full_name":"Müller-Taubenberger, Annette","last_name":"Müller-Taubenberger"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2856-3369","first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Renkawitz","full_name":"Renkawitz, Jörg","id":"3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"isi":1},{"issue":"12","_id":"12109","external_id":{"isi":["000908384800001"],"arxiv":["2209.01889"]},"isi":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","first_name":"Juan Carlos A"},{"last_name":"Shafeek","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","first_name":"Lubuna B"},{"full_name":"Cramer, Tobias","last_name":"Cramer","first_name":"Tobias"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}],"intvolume":"         6","volume":6,"date_published":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","year":"2022","article_number":"125605","article_type":"original","title":"Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification (CE) at the nanoscale, but converting KPFM voltage maps to charge density maps is nontrivial due to long-range forces and complex system geometry. Here we present a strategy using finite-element method (FEM) simulations to determine the Green's function of the KPFM probe/insulator/ground system, which allows us to quantitatively extract surface charge. Testing our approach with synthetic data, we find that accounting for the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, cone, and cantilever is necessary to recover a known input and that existing methods lead to gross miscalculation or even the incorrect sign of the underlying charge. Applying it to experimental data, we demonstrate its capacity to extract realistic surface charge densities and fine details from contact-charged surfaces. Our method gives a straightforward recipe to convert qualitative KPFM voltage data into quantitative charge data over a range of experimental conditions, enabling quantitative CE at the nanoscale.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review Materials","date_created":"2023-01-08T23:00:53Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2475-9953"]},"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:50:54Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20203"}]},"month":"12","corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_status":"published","ec_funded":1,"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605","day":"29","arxiv":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.01889"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"F. Pertl, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, L. B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach,” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 6, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022.","apa":"Pertl, F., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Shafeek, L. B., Cramer, T., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2022). Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>","ama":"Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. 2022;6(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>","chicago":"Pertl, Felix, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, Lubuna B Shafeek, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>.","mla":"Pertl, Felix, et al. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 6, no. 12, 125605, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>.","short":"F. Pertl, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, L.B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 6 (2022).","ista":"Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2022. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 6(12), 125605."},"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine\r\nShop, the Nanofabrication Facility, and the Scientific Computing Facility. We thank F. Stumpf from Park Systems for useful discussions and support with scanning probe microscopy.\r\nF.P. and J.C.S. contributed equally to this work."}]