[{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-08T09:22:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Embo Press","quality_controlled":"1","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","OA_place":"publisher","month":"10","citation":{"ieee":"P. Kettel <i>et al.</i>, “Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 43, no. 20. Embo Press, pp. 4668–4698, 2024.","mla":"Kettel, Paulina, et al. “Disordered Regions in the IRE1α ER Lumenal Domain Mediate Its Stress-Induced Clustering.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 43, no. 20, Embo Press, 2024, pp. 4668–98, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0\">10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0</a>.","apa":"Kettel, P., Marosits, L., Spinetti, E., Rechberger, M., Giannini, C., Radler, P., … Karagöz, G. E. (2024). Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0</a>","short":"P. Kettel, L. Marosits, E. Spinetti, M. Rechberger, C. Giannini, P. Radler, I. Niedermoser, I. Fischer, G.A. Versteeg, M. Loose, R. Covino, G.E. Karagöz, EMBO Journal 43 (2024) 4668–4698.","chicago":"Kettel, Paulina, Laura Marosits, Elena Spinetti, Michael Rechberger, Caterina Giannini, Philipp Radler, Isabell Niedermoser, et al. “Disordered Regions in the IRE1α ER Lumenal Domain Mediate Its Stress-Induced Clustering.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Embo Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0</a>.","ista":"Kettel P, Marosits L, Spinetti E, Rechberger M, Giannini C, Radler P, Niedermoser I, Fischer I, Versteeg GA, Loose M, Covino R, Karagöz GE. 2024. Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering. EMBO Journal. 43(20), 4668–4698.","ama":"Kettel P, Marosits L, Spinetti E, et al. Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. 2024;43(20):4668-4698. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0\">10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0</a>"},"type":"journal_article","page":"4668-4698","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Conserved signaling cascades monitor protein-folding homeostasis to ensure proper cellular function. One of the evolutionary conserved key players is IRE1, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through the unfolded protein response (UPR). Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, IRE1 forms clusters on the ER membrane to initiate UPR signaling. What regulates IRE1 cluster formation is not fully understood. Here, we show that the ER lumenal domain (LD) of human IRE1α forms biomolecular condensates in vitro. IRE1α LD condensates were stabilized both by binding to unfolded polypeptides as well as by tethering to model membranes, suggesting their role in assembling IRE1α into signaling-competent stable clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that weak multivalent interactions drive IRE1α LD clustering. Mutagenesis experiments identified disordered regions in IRE1α LD to control its clustering in vitro and in cells. Importantly, dysregulated clustering of IRE1α mutants led to defects in IRE1α signaling. Our results revealed that disordered regions in IRE1α LD control its clustering and suggest their role as a common strategy in regulating protein assembly on membranes.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"18073","file_date_updated":"2025-01-13T08:43:20Z","OA_type":"gold","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"},{"_id":"JiFr"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001306286100002"],"pmid":["39232130"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","isi":1,"day":"15","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1460-2075"],"issn":["0261-4189"]},"volume":43,"scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"year":"2024","publication":"EMBO Journal","intvolume":"        43","acknowledgement":"We thank late Thomas Peterbauer at the Max Perutz Labs Biooptics Light Microscopy Facility for his help and support. We are grateful to Kitti Csalyi and Thomas Sauer at Max Perutz Labs Biooptics FACS facility for their help. We thank Grzegorz Scibisz and Sertan Atilla for their support with the expression and purification of mCherry-IRE1α LD-10His. We are grateful to Aleksandra S Anisimova with her help in the generation of stable cell lines and the statistical analyses of the data. We thank Venja Vieweger for her help with the characterization of the WLLI and D123P IRE1 mutants in cells. We are thankful to Monika Kubickova for the help with the AUC experiments. We acknowledge CF BIC of CIISB, Instruct-CZ Centre, supported by MEYS CR (LM2023042)) and European Regional Development Fund-Project, UP CIISB“ (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0015974). We thank the members of the Karagöz lab for the critical reading and editing of the manuscript. We are thankful to our colleagues Diego Acosta-Alvear, Vladislav Belyy, Jirka Peschek, Yasin Dagdas, Javier Martinez, Sascha Martens and Alwin Köhler for their invaluable input on the manuscript. We are grateful to Life Science Editors, especially Katrina Woolcock for her useful edits and comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge funding from Austrian Science Fund (FWF-SFB F79 and FWF-W 1261) to GEK. PK acknowledges the support of the Max Perutz PhD fellowship. GAV is funded by Stand-Alone grants (P30231-B, P30415-B, P36572), Special Research Grant (SFB grant F79), and Doctoral School grant (DK grant W1261) from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). ES and RC acknowledge support and funding by the Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, the LOEWE Center for Multiscale Modelling in Life Sciences of the state of Hesse, the Collaborative Research Center 1507 “Membrane-associated Protein Assemblies, Machineries, and Supercomplexes” (Project ID 450648163), and the International Max Planck Research School on Cellular Biophysics (to RC), the Center for Scientific Computing of the Goethe University and the Jülich Supercomputing Centre for computational resources and support.","doi":"10.1038/s44318-024-00207-0","ddc":["570"],"issue":"20","file":[{"file_name":"2024_Embo_Kettel.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-01-13T08:43:20Z","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"18827","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"04f4df1a561083f2846676442fc4eb3c","file_size":10080854,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-01-13T08:43:20Z"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Paulina","full_name":"Kettel, Paulina","last_name":"Kettel"},{"last_name":"Marosits","full_name":"Marosits, Laura","first_name":"Laura"},{"first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Spinetti, Elena","last_name":"Spinetti"},{"last_name":"Rechberger","full_name":"Rechberger, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Caterina","full_name":"Giannini, Caterina","id":"e3fdddd5-f6e0-11ea-865d-ca99ee6367f4","last_name":"Giannini"},{"full_name":"Radler, Philipp","first_name":"Philipp","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler"},{"last_name":"Niedermoser","full_name":"Niedermoser, Isabell","first_name":"Isabell"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Irmgard","first_name":"Irmgard","last_name":"Fischer"},{"last_name":"Versteeg","first_name":"Gijs A.","full_name":"Versteeg, Gijs A."},{"full_name":"Loose, Martin","first_name":"Martin","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Loose"},{"full_name":"Covino, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Covino"},{"first_name":"G. Elif","full_name":"Karagöz, G. Elif","last_name":"Karagöz"}],"title":"Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering","date_created":"2024-09-15T22:01:42Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z"},{"publisher":"Elsevier","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-04T11:45:31Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Cell Biology","General Medicine","Histology","Pathology and Forensic Medicine"],"_id":"14834","abstract":[{"text":"Bacteria divide by binary fission. The protein machine responsible for this process is the divisome, a transient assembly of more than 30 proteins in and on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. Together, they constrict the cell envelope and remodel the peptidoglycan layer to eventually split the cell into two. For Escherichia coli, most molecular players involved in this process have probably been identified, but obtaining the quantitative information needed for a mechanistic understanding can often not be achieved from experiments in vivo alone. Since the discovery of the Z-ring more than 30 years ago, in vitro reconstitution experiments have been crucial to shed light on molecular processes normally hidden in the complex environment of the living cell. In this review, we summarize how rebuilding the divisome from purified components – or at least parts of it - have been instrumental to obtain the detailed mechanistic understanding of the bacterial cell division machinery that we have today.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Radler, Philipp, and Martin Loose. “A Dynamic Duo: Understanding the Roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia Coli Cell Division through in Vitro Approaches.” <i>European Journal of Cell Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380</a>.","ista":"Radler P, Loose M. 2024. A dynamic duo: Understanding the roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia coli cell division through in vitro approaches. European Journal of Cell Biology. 103(1), 151380.","ama":"Radler P, Loose M. A dynamic duo: Understanding the roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia coli cell division through in vitro approaches. <i>European Journal of Cell Biology</i>. 2024;103(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380\">10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380</a>","short":"P. Radler, M. Loose, European Journal of Cell Biology 103 (2024).","apa":"Radler, P., &#38; Loose, M. (2024). A dynamic duo: Understanding the roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia coli cell division through in vitro approaches. <i>European Journal of Cell Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380</a>","mla":"Radler, Philipp, and Martin Loose. “A Dynamic Duo: Understanding the Roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia Coli Cell Division through in Vitro Approaches.” <i>European Journal of Cell Biology</i>, vol. 103, no. 1, 151380, Elsevier, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380\">10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380</a>.","ieee":"P. Radler and M. Loose, “A dynamic duo: Understanding the roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia coli cell division through in vitro approaches,” <i>European Journal of Cell Biology</i>, vol. 103, no. 1. Elsevier, 2024."},"month":"03","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2024-07-16T12:07:20Z","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0171-9335"]},"isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001166216800001"],"pmid":["38218128"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151380","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at ISTA for helpful discussions—in particular M. Kojic for his insightful comments. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P34607) to M.L.","ddc":["570"],"intvolume":"       103","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"year":"2024","publication":"European Journal of Cell Biology","volume":103,"date_published":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","project":[{"name":"In vitro reconstitution of bacterial cell division","_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d","grant_number":"P34607"}],"article_type":"review","date_created":"2024-01-18T08:16:43Z","title":"A dynamic duo: Understanding the roles of FtsZ and FtsA for Escherichia coli cell division through in vitro approaches","article_number":"151380","author":[{"last_name":"Radler","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","last_name":"Loose","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Loose, Martin","first_name":"Martin"}],"issue":"1","file":[{"file_size":9995304,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-07-16T12:07:20Z","file_name":"2024_EJCB_Radler.pdf","date_updated":"2024-07-16T12:07:20Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"5d170abbc87585205c010657e4552360","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"17265","success":1}]},{"OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"apa":"Vanhille-Campos, C. E., Whitley, K. D., Radler, P., Loose, M., Holden, S., &#38; Šarić, A. (2024). Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8</a>","short":"C.E. Vanhille-Campos, K.D. Whitley, P. Radler, M. Loose, S. Holden, A. Šarić, Nature Physics 20 (2024) 1670–1678.","ista":"Vanhille-Campos CE, Whitley KD, Radler P, Loose M, Holden S, Šarić A. 2024. Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation. Nature Physics. 20, 1670–1678.","chicago":"Vanhille-Campos, Christian Eduardo, Kevin D. Whitley, Philipp Radler, Martin Loose, Séamus Holden, and Anđela Šarić. “Self-Organization of Mortal Filaments and Its Role in Bacterial Division Ring Formation.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8</a>.","ama":"Vanhille-Campos CE, Whitley KD, Radler P, Loose M, Holden S, Šarić A. Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2024;20:1670-1678. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8\">10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8</a>","mla":"Vanhille-Campos, Christian Eduardo, et al. “Self-Organization of Mortal Filaments and Its Role in Bacterial Division Ring Formation.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 20, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 1670–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8\">10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8</a>.","ieee":"C. E. Vanhille-Campos, K. D. Whitley, P. Radler, M. Loose, S. Holden, and A. Šarić, “Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 20. Springer Nature, pp. 1670–1678, 2024."},"type":"journal_article","month":"10","oa":1,"page":"1670-1678","abstract":[{"text":"Filaments in the cell commonly treadmill. Driven by energy consumption, they grow on one end while shrinking on the other, causing filaments to appear motile even though individual proteins remain static. This process is characteristic of cytoskeletal filaments and leads to collective filament self-organization. Here we show that treadmilling drives filament nematic ordering by dissolving misaligned filaments. Taking the bacterial FtsZ protein involved in cell division as an example, we show that this mechanism aligns FtsZ filaments in vitro and drives the organization of the division ring in living Bacillus subtilis cells. We find that ordering via local dissolution also allows the system to quickly respond to chemical and geometrical biases in the cell, enabling us to quantitatively explain the ring formation dynamics in vivo. Beyond FtsZ and other cytoskeletal filaments, our study identifies a mechanism for self-organization via constant birth and death of energy-consuming filaments.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"17460","date_updated":"2025-09-08T09:02:20Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","APC_amount":"12348 EUR","volume":20,"year":"2024","publication":"Nature Physics","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"intvolume":"        20","ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02597-8","acknowledgement":"We thank I. Palaia (ISTA) for useful discussions and K. Lim and R. W. Wong (WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University) for providing access to HS-AFM. We would like to thank B. Prats Mateu (MSD Austria, Vienna) for providing the HS-AFM data. This work was supported by the Royal Society (grant no. UF160266; C.V.-C. and A.Š.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant no. 802960; A.Š.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Stand-Alone P34607 (M.L.) and a Wellcome Trust and Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (grant no. 206670/Z/17/Z; S.H. and K.D.W.).","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-04-14T06:06:35Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"19556","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"c4842152e2b90d67f48ea8c9ed7c473b","file_name":"2024_NaturePhysics_VanhilleCampos.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-04-14T06:06:35Z","file_size":8058249}],"ec_funded":1,"date_created":"2024-08-25T22:01:08Z","author":[{"last_name":"Vanhille-Campos","id":"3adeca52-9313-11ed-b1ac-c170b2505714","full_name":"Vanhille-Campos, Christian Eduardo","first_name":"Christian Eduardo"},{"last_name":"Whitley","first_name":"Kevin D.","full_name":"Whitley, Kevin D."},{"first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 "},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","last_name":"Loose","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Loose, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"full_name":"Holden, Séamus","first_name":"Séamus","last_name":"Holden"},{"last_name":"Šarić","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","first_name":"Anđela","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela"}],"title":"Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d","grant_number":"P34607","name":"In vitro reconstitution of bacterial cell division"},{"_id":"eba2549b-77a9-11ec-83b8-a81e493eae4e","grant_number":"802960","name":"Non-Equilibrium Protein Assembly: from Building Blocks to Biological Machines","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2025-04-14T06:06:35Z","OA_type":"hybrid","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"AnSa"},{"_id":"MaLo"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001289394500005"],"pmid":["39416851"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1745-2473"],"eissn":["1745-2481"]},"day":"01"},{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2026-03-17T12:02:11Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"oa":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"13314"},{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"21423","status":"public"}]},"type":"research_data","citation":{"chicago":"Dunajova, Zuzana, Batirtze Prats Mateu, Philipp Radler, Keesiang Lim, Dörte Brandis, Philipp Velicky, Johann G Danzl, et al. “Chiral and Nematic Phases of Flexible Active Filaments.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116</a>.","ista":"Dunajova Z, Prats Mateu B, Radler P, Lim K, Brandis D, Velicky P, Danzl JG, Wong RW, Elgeti J, Hannezo EB, Loose M. 2023. Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116</a>.","ama":"Dunajova Z, Prats Mateu B, Radler P, et al. Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116</a>","apa":"Dunajova, Z., Prats Mateu, B., Radler, P., Lim, K., Brandis, D., Velicky, P., … Loose, M. (2023). Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116</a>","short":"Z. Dunajova, B. Prats Mateu, P. Radler, K. Lim, D. Brandis, P. Velicky, J.G. Danzl, R.W. Wong, J. Elgeti, E.B. Hannezo, M. Loose, (2023).","ieee":"Z. Dunajova <i>et al.</i>, “Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","mla":"Dunajova, Zuzana, et al. <i>Chiral and Nematic Phases of Flexible Active Filaments</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116</a>."},"month":"07","_id":"13116","abstract":[{"text":"The emergence of large-scale order in self-organized systems relies on local interactions between individual components. During bacterial cell division, FtsZ -- a prokaryotic homologue of the eukaryotic protein tubulin -- polymerizes into treadmilling filaments that further organize into a cytoskeletal ring. In vitro, FtsZ filaments can form dynamic chiral assemblies. However, how the active and passive properties of individual filaments relate to these large-scale self-organized structures remains poorly understood. Here, we connect single filament properties with the mesoscopic scale by combining minimal active matter simulations and biochemical reconstitution experiments. We show that density and flexibility of active chiral filaments define their global order. At intermediate densities, curved, flexible filaments organize into chiral rings and polar bands. An effectively nematic organization dominates for high densities and for straight, mutant filaments with increased rigidity. Our predicted phase diagram captures these features quantitatively, demonstrating how the flexibility, density and chirality of active filaments affect their collective behaviour. Our findings shed light on the fundamental properties of active chiral matter and explain how treadmilling FtsZ filaments organize during bacterial cell division. ","lang":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-08-08T11:17:28Z","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"},{"_id":"EdHa"},{"_id":"JoDa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"26","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","year":"2023","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:13116","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC 2015-StG-679239 and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) StandAlone P34607 to M.L., B. P.M.  was also supported by the Kanazawa University WPI- NanoLSI Bio-SPM collaborative research program. Z.D. has received funding from Doctoral Programme of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW): Grant agreement 26360. We thank Jan Brugues (MPI CBG, Dresden, Germany), Andela Saric (ISTA, Klosterneuburg, Austria), Daniel Pearce (Uni Geneva, Switzerland) for valuable scientific input and comments on the manuscript. We are also thankful for the support by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and the Lab Support Facility (LSF). ","ddc":["539"],"title":"Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments","author":[{"full_name":"Dunajova, Zuzana","first_name":"Zuzana","last_name":"Dunajova","id":"4B39F286-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Prats Mateu","id":"299FE892-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Batirtze","full_name":"Prats Mateu, Batirtze"},{"id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp"},{"last_name":"Lim","first_name":"Keesiang","full_name":"Lim, Keesiang"},{"full_name":"Brandis, Dörte","first_name":"Dörte","last_name":"Brandis"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2340-7431","last_name":"Velicky","id":"39BDC62C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Velicky, Philipp","first_name":"Philipp"},{"id":"42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Danzl","orcid":"0000-0001-8559-3973","first_name":"Johann G","full_name":"Danzl, Johann G"},{"last_name":"Wong","full_name":"Wong, Richard 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of the Bacterial Cell","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"679239","_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"In vitro reconstitution of bacterial cell division","grant_number":"P34607","_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d"},{"name":"Motile active matter models of migrating cells and chiral filaments","_id":"34d75525-11ca-11ed-8bc3-89b6307fee9d","grant_number":"26360"}]},{"intvolume":"        19","ddc":["530"],"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC 2015-StG-679239 and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) StandAlone P34607 to M.L., B. P.M. was also supported by the Kanazawa University WPI- NanoLSI Bio-SPM collaborative research program. Z.D. has received funding from Doctoral Programme of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW): Grant agreement 26360. We thank Jan Brugues (MPI CBG, Dresden, Germany), Andela Saric (ISTA, Klosterneuburg, Austria), Daniel Pearce (Uni Geneva, Switzerland) for valuable scientific input and comments on the manuscript. We are also thankful for the support by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and the Lab Support Facility (LSF).","doi":"10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w","volume":19,"publication":"Nature Physics","year":"2023","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"679239","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell"},{"name":"In vitro reconstitution of bacterial cell division","_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d","grant_number":"P34607"},{"_id":"34d75525-11ca-11ed-8bc3-89b6307fee9d","grant_number":"26360","name":"Motile active matter models of migrating cells and chiral filaments"}],"date_published":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2024-01-30T14:28:30Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":22471673,"file_id":"14916","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"bc7673ca07d37309013a86166577b2f7","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-01-30T14:28:30Z","file_name":"2023_NaturePhysics_Dunajova.pdf"}],"ec_funded":1,"title":"Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments","date_created":"2023-07-27T14:44:45Z","author":[{"id":"4B39F286-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Dunajova","full_name":"Dunajova, Zuzana","first_name":"Zuzana"},{"full_name":"Prats Mateu, Batirtze","first_name":"Batirtze","last_name":"Prats Mateu","id":"299FE892-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 "},{"first_name":"Keesiang","full_name":"Lim, Keesiang","last_name":"Lim"},{"first_name":"Dörte","full_name":"Brandis, Dörte","id":"21d64d35-f128-11eb-9611-b8bcca7a12fd","last_name":"Brandis"},{"last_name":"Velicky","id":"39BDC62C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2340-7431","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Velicky, Philipp"},{"first_name":"Johann G","full_name":"Danzl, Johann G","id":"42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Danzl","orcid":"0000-0001-8559-3973"},{"last_name":"Wong","first_name":"Richard W.","full_name":"Wong, Richard W."},{"full_name":"Elgeti, Jens","first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Elgeti"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561","id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hannezo","full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","first_name":"Edouard B"},{"full_name":"Loose, Martin","first_name":"Martin","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Loose"}],"file_date_updated":"2024-01-30T14:28:30Z","isi":1,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1745-2481"],"issn":["1745-2473"]},"day":"01","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","department":[{"_id":"JoDa"},{"_id":"EdHa"},{"_id":"MaLo"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["38075437"],"isi":["001178645300041"]},"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The emergence of large-scale order in self-organized systems relies on local interactions between individual components. During bacterial cell division, FtsZ—a prokaryotic homologue of the eukaryotic protein tubulin—polymerizes into treadmilling filaments that further organize into a cytoskeletal ring. In vitro, FtsZ filaments can form dynamic chiral assemblies. However, how the active and passive properties of individual filaments relate to these large-scale self-organized structures remains poorly understood. Here we connect single-filament properties with the mesoscopic scale by combining minimal active matter simulations and biochemical reconstitution experiments. We show that the density and flexibility of active chiral filaments define their global order. At intermediate densities, curved, flexible filaments organize into chiral rings and polar bands. An effectively nematic organization dominates for high densities and for straight, mutant filaments with increased rigidity. Our predicted phase diagram quantitatively captures these features, demonstrating how the flexibility, density and chirality of the active filaments affect their collective behaviour. Our findings shed light on the fundamental properties of active chiral matter and explain how treadmilling FtsZ filaments organize during bacterial cell division."}],"_id":"13314","type":"journal_article","month":"12","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13116","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"21423"},{"status":"public","id":"21439","relation":"research_data"}]},"citation":{"apa":"Dunajova, Z., Prats Mateu, B., Radler, P., Lim, K., Brandis, D., Velicky, P., … Loose, M. (2023). Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w</a>","short":"Z. Dunajova, B. Prats Mateu, P. Radler, K. Lim, D. Brandis, P. Velicky, J.G. Danzl, R.W. Wong, J. Elgeti, E.B. Hannezo, M. Loose, Nature Physics 19 (2023) 1916–1926.","chicago":"Dunajova, Zuzana, Batirtze Prats Mateu, Philipp Radler, Keesiang Lim, Dörte Brandis, Philipp Velicky, Johann G Danzl, et al. “Chiral and Nematic Phases of Flexible Active Filaments.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w</a>.","ista":"Dunajova Z, Prats Mateu B, Radler P, Lim K, Brandis D, Velicky P, Danzl JG, Wong RW, Elgeti J, Hannezo EB, Loose M. 2023. Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments. Nature Physics. 19, 1916–1926.","ama":"Dunajova Z, Prats Mateu B, Radler P, et al. Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2023;19:1916-1926. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w\">10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w</a>","ieee":"Z. Dunajova <i>et al.</i>, “Chiral and nematic phases of flexible active filaments,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 1916–1926, 2023.","mla":"Dunajova, Zuzana, et al. “Chiral and Nematic Phases of Flexible Active Filaments.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 1916–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w\">10.1038/s41567-023-02218-w</a>."},"oa":1,"page":"1916-1926","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:41:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}]},{"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T14:06:05Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cell division in Escherichia coli is performed by the divisome, a multi-protein complex composed of more than 30 proteins. The divisome spans from the cytoplasm through the inner membrane to the cell wall and the outer membrane. Divisome assembly is initiated by a cytoskeletal structure, the so-called Z-ring, which localizes at the center of the E. coli cell and determines the position of the future cell septum. The Z-ring is composed of the highly conserved bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ, which forms treadmilling filaments. These filaments are recruited to the inner membrane by FtsA, a highly conserved bacterial actin homologue. FtsA interacts with other proteins in the periplasm and thus connects the cytoplasmic and periplasmic components of the divisome. \r\nA previous model postulated that FtsA regulates maturation of the divisome by switching from an oligomeric, inactive state to a monomeric and active state. This model was based mostly on in vivo studies, as a biochemical characterization of FtsA has been hampered by difficulties in purifying the protein. Here, we studied FtsA using an in vitro reconstitution approach and aimed to answer two questions: (i) How are dynamics from cytoplasmic, treadmilling FtsZ filaments coupled to proteins acting in the periplasmic space and (ii) How does FtsA regulate the maturation of the divisome?\r\nWe found that the cytoplasmic peptides of the transmembrane proteins FtsN and FtsQ interact directly with FtsA and can follow the spatiotemporal signal of FtsA/Z filaments. When we investigated the underlying mechanism by imaging single molecules of FtsNcyto, we found the peptide to interact transiently with FtsA. An in depth analysis of the single molecule trajectories helped to postulate a model where PG synthases follow the dynamics of FtsZ by a diffusion and capture mechanism. \r\nFollowing up on these findings we were interested in how the self-interaction of FtsA changes when it encounters FtsNcyto and if we can confirm the proposed oligomer-monomer switch. For this, we compared the behavior of the previously identified, hyperactive mutant FtsA R286W with wildtype FtsA. The mutant outperforms WT in mirroring and transmitting the spatiotemporal signal of treadmilling FtsZ filaments. Surprisingly however, we found that this was not due to a difference in the self-interaction strength of the two variants, but a difference in their membrane residence time. Furthermore, in contrast to our expectations, upon binding of FtsNcyto the measured self-interaction of FtsA actually increased. \r\nWe propose that FtsNcyto induces a rearrangement of the oligomeric architecture of FtsA. In further consequence this change leads to more persistent FtsZ filaments which results in a defined signalling zone, allowing formation of the mature divisome. The observed difference between FtsA WT and R286W is due to the vastly different membrane turnover of the proteins. R286W cycles 5-10x faster compared to WT which allows to sample FtsZ filaments at faster frequencies. These findings can explain the observed differences in toxicity for overexpression of FtsA WT and R286W and help to understand how FtsA regulates divisome maturation."}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","_id":"14280","keyword":["Cell Division","Reconstitution","FtsZ","FtsA","Divisome","E.coli"],"citation":{"mla":"Radler, Philipp. <i>Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280\">10.15479/at:ista:14280</a>.","ieee":"P. Radler, “Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Radler, P. (2023). <i>Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280</a>","short":"P. Radler, Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","chicago":"Radler, Philipp. “Spatiotemporal Signaling during Assembly of the Bacterial Divisome.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:14280</a>.","ista":"Radler P. 2023. Spatiotemporal signaling during assembly of the bacterial divisome. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Radler P. 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0000-0001-9198-2182 "}],"title":"In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation","date_created":"2022-03-31T11:32:32Z","ddc":["572"],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at IST Austria for helpful discussions—in particular L. Lindorfer for his assistance with cloning and purifications. We thank J. Löwe and T. Nierhaus (MRC-LMB Cambridge, UK) for sharing unpublished work and helpful discussions, as well as D. Vavylonis and D. Rutkowski (Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA) as well as S. Martin (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) for sharing their code for FRAP analysis. We are also thankful for the support by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and the Lab Support Facility (LSF). This work was supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC 2015-StG-679239 and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) StandAlone P34607 to M.L. and HFSP LT 000824/2016-L4 to N.B. For the purpose of open access, we have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.","year":"2022","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","day":"05","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"MaLo"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-04-22T10:15:19Z","abstract":[{"text":"FtsA is crucial for assembly of the E. coli divisome, as it dynamically links cytoplasmic FtsZ filaments with transmembrane cell division proteins. FtsA allegedly initiates cell division by switching from an inactive polymeric to an active monomeric confirmation, which recruits downstream proteins and stabilizes FtsZ filaments. Here, we use biochemical reconstitution experiments combined with quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study divisome activation in vitro. We compare wildtype-FtsA with FtsA-R286W, a constantly active gain-of-function mutant and find that R286W outperforms the wildtype protein in replicating FtsZ treadmilling dynamics, stabilizing FtsZ filaments and recruiting FtsN. We attribute these differences to a faster membrane exchange of FtsA-R286W and its higher packing density below FtsZ filaments.  Using FRET microscopy, we find that FtsN binding does not compete with, but promotes FtsA self-interaction. Our findings suggest a model where FtsA always forms dynamic polymers on the membrane, which re-organize during assembly and activation of the divisome. ","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"10934","keyword":["Bacterial cell division","in vitro reconstitution","FtsZ","FtsN","FtsA"],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"11373","relation":"used_in_publication"},{"id":"14280","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}],"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6400639","description":"A custom written code (FRAPdiff) to quantify the Off binding rate and Diffusion coefficient of membrane bound proteins. Written by Christoph Sommer.","relation":"software"}]},"month":"04","citation":{"apa":"Radler, P. (2022). In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934</a>","short":"P. Radler, (2022).","ama":"Radler P. In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934</a>","ista":"Radler P. 2022. In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934</a>.","chicago":"Radler, Philipp. “In Vitro Reconstitution of Escherichia Coli Divisome Activation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934</a>.","ieee":"P. Radler, “In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","mla":"Radler, Philipp. <i>In Vitro Reconstitution of Escherichia Coli Divisome Activation</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:10934</a>."},"type":"research_data","oa":1,"contributor":[{"id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Loose","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","contributor_type":"supervisor","first_name":"Martin"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Christoph M","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sommer"},{"first_name":"Paulo","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Caldas"},{"first_name":"David","contributor_type":"researcher","id":"B9577E20-AA38-11E9-AC9A-0930E6697425","last_name":"Michalik"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Baranova"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Submitted Version","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","date_updated":"2026-06-20T22:30:28Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"}},{"external_id":{"isi":["000795171100037"]},"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"day":"12","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"file_date_updated":"2022-05-13T09:10:51Z","ec_funded":1,"date_created":"2022-05-13T09:06:28Z","article_number":"2635","title":"In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Radler","full_name":"Radler, Philipp","first_name":"Philipp"},{"full_name":"Baranova, Natalia S.","first_name":"Natalia S.","orcid":"0000-0002-3086-9124","id":"38661662-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Baranova"},{"full_name":"Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R","first_name":"Paulo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6730-4461","id":"38FCDB4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Dos Santos Caldas"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","last_name":"Sommer","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","first_name":"Christoph M"},{"full_name":"Lopez Pelegrin, Maria D","first_name":"Maria D","last_name":"Lopez Pelegrin","id":"319AA9CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Michalik, David","last_name":"Michalik","id":"B9577E20-AA38-11E9-AC9A-0930E6697425"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Loose","full_name":"Loose, Martin","first_name":"Martin"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Radler.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2022-05-13T09:10:51Z","checksum":"5af863ee1b95a0710f6ee864d68dc7a6","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"11374","access_level":"open_access","file_size":6945191,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2022-05-13T09:10:51Z"}],"date_published":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"679239","name":"Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"In vitro reconstitution of bacterial cell division","grant_number":"P34607","_id":"fc38323b-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff8afb4a011d"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","year":"2022","scopus_import":"1","volume":13,"ddc":["570"],"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at IST Austria for helpful discussions—in particular L. Lindorfer for his assistance with cloning and purifications. We thank J. Löwe and T. Nierhaus (MRC-LMB Cambridge, UK) for sharing unpublished work and helpful discussions, as well as D. Vavylonis and D. Rutkowski (Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA) and S. Martin (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) for sharing their code for FRAP analysis. We are also thankful for the support by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and the Lab Support Facility (LSF). This work was supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC 2015-StG-679239 and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) StandAlone P34607 to M.L. and HFSP LT 000824/2016-L4 to N.B. For the purpose of open access, we have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y","intvolume":"        13","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-20T22:30:29Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"citation":{"apa":"Radler, P., Baranova, N. S., Dos Santos Caldas, P. R., Sommer, C. M., Lopez Pelegrin, M. D., Michalik, D., &#38; Loose, M. (2022). In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y</a>","short":"P. Radler, N.S. Baranova, P.R. Dos Santos Caldas, C.M. Sommer, M.D. Lopez Pelegrin, D. Michalik, M. Loose, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","ama":"Radler P, Baranova NS, Dos Santos Caldas PR, et al. In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y\">10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y</a>","chicago":"Radler, Philipp, Natalia S. Baranova, Paulo R Dos Santos Caldas, Christoph M Sommer, Maria D Lopez Pelegrin, David Michalik, and Martin Loose. “In Vitro Reconstitution of Escherichia Coli Divisome Activation.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y</a>.","ista":"Radler P, Baranova NS, Dos Santos Caldas PR, Sommer CM, Lopez Pelegrin MD, Michalik D, Loose M. 2022. In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation. Nature Communications. 13, 2635.","ieee":"P. Radler <i>et al.</i>, “In vitro reconstitution of Escherichia coli divisome activation,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","mla":"Radler, Philipp, et al. “In Vitro Reconstitution of Escherichia Coli Divisome Activation.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 2635, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y\">10.1038/s41467-022-30301-y</a>."},"type":"journal_article","month":"05","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10934","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"id":"14280","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34485-1"}]},"_id":"11373","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Chemistry"],"abstract":[{"text":"The actin-homologue FtsA is essential for E. coli cell division, as it links FtsZ filaments in the Z-ring to transmembrane proteins. FtsA is thought to initiate cell constriction by switching from an inactive polymeric to an active monomeric conformation, which recruits downstream proteins and stabilizes the Z-ring. However, direct biochemical evidence for this mechanism is missing. Here, we use reconstitution experiments and quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study divisome activation in vitro. By comparing wild-type FtsA with FtsA R286W, we find that this hyperactive mutant outperforms FtsA WT in replicating FtsZ treadmilling dynamics, FtsZ filament stabilization and recruitment of FtsN. We could attribute these differences to a faster exchange and denser packing of FtsA R286W below FtsZ filaments. Using FRET microscopy, we also find that FtsN binding promotes FtsA self-interaction. We propose that in the active divisome FtsA and FtsN exist as a dynamic copolymer that follows treadmilling filaments of FtsZ.","lang":"eng"}]},{"oa_version":"Preprint","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","date_updated":"2026-04-08T07:26:30Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The polymerization–depolymerization dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins play essential roles in the self-organization of cytoskeletal structures, in eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic cells. While advances in fluorescence microscopy and in vitro reconstitution experiments have helped to study the dynamic properties of these complex systems, methods that allow to collect and analyze large quantitative datasets of the underlying polymer dynamics are still missing. Here, we present a novel image analysis workflow to study polymerization dynamics of active filaments in a nonbiased, highly automated manner. Using treadmilling filaments of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ as an example, we demonstrate that our method is able to specifically detect, track and analyze growth and shrinkage of polymers, even in dense networks of filaments. We believe that this automated method can facilitate the analysis of a large variety of dynamic cytoskeletal systems, using standard time-lapse movies obtained from experiments in vitro as well as in the living cell. Moreover, we provide scripts implementing this method as supplementary material.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"7572","citation":{"ieee":"P. R. Dos Santos Caldas, P. Radler, C. M. Sommer, and M. Loose, “Computational analysis of filament polymerization dynamics in cytoskeletal networks,” in <i>Methods in Cell Biology</i>, vol. 158, P. Tran, Ed. Elsevier, 2020, pp. 145–161.","mla":"Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R., et al. “Computational Analysis of Filament Polymerization Dynamics in Cytoskeletal Networks.” <i>Methods in Cell Biology</i>, edited by Phong  Tran, vol. 158, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 145–61, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006\">10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006</a>.","apa":"Dos Santos Caldas, P. R., Radler, P., Sommer, C. M., &#38; Loose, M. (2020). Computational analysis of filament polymerization dynamics in cytoskeletal networks. In P. Tran (Ed.), <i>Methods in Cell Biology</i> (Vol. 158, pp. 145–161). Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006</a>","short":"P.R. Dos Santos Caldas, P. Radler, C.M. Sommer, M. Loose, in:, P. Tran (Ed.), Methods in Cell Biology, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 145–161.","ista":"Dos Santos Caldas PR, Radler P, Sommer CM, Loose M. 2020.Computational analysis of filament polymerization dynamics in cytoskeletal networks. In: Methods in Cell Biology. Methods in Cell Biology, vol. 158, 145–161.","chicago":"Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R, Philipp Radler, Christoph M Sommer, and Martin Loose. “Computational Analysis of Filament Polymerization Dynamics in Cytoskeletal Networks.” In <i>Methods in Cell Biology</i>, edited by Phong  Tran, 158:145–61. Elsevier, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006\">https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006</a>.","ama":"Dos Santos Caldas PR, Radler P, Sommer CM, Loose M. Computational analysis of filament polymerization dynamics in cytoskeletal networks. In: Tran P, ed. <i>Methods in Cell Biology</i>. Vol 158. Elsevier; 2020:145-161. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006\">10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006</a>"},"type":"book_chapter","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8358","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"month":"02","editor":[{"last_name":"Tran","first_name":"Phong ","full_name":"Tran, Phong "}],"oa":1,"page":"145-161","isi":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/839571"}],"status":"public","alternative_title":["Methods in Cell Biology"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0091-679X"]},"day":"27","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","external_id":{"isi":["000611826500008"]},"publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"679239","_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"260D98C8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Reconstitution of Bacterial Cell Division Using Purified Components"}],"date_published":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"id":"38FCDB4C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Dos Santos Caldas","orcid":"0000-0001-6730-4461","first_name":"Paulo R","full_name":"Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","last_name":"Radler","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Radler, Philipp","first_name":"Philipp"},{"first_name":"Christoph M","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","last_name":"Sommer","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Loose, Martin","last_name":"Loose","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724"}],"title":"Computational analysis of filament polymerization dynamics in cytoskeletal networks","date_created":"2020-03-08T23:00:47Z","intvolume":"       158","doi":"10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.006","volume":158,"year":"2020","publication":"Methods in Cell Biology","scopus_import":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-20T22:30:29Z","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Submitted Version","oa":1,"page":"407-417","month":"01","type":"journal_article","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/little-cell-big-cover-story/"}],"record":[{"status":"public","id":"14280","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"citation":{"mla":"Baranova, Natalia S., et al. “Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments and Cell Division Proteins.” <i>Nature Microbiology</i>, vol. 5, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 407–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5\">10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5</a>.","ieee":"N. S. Baranova <i>et al.</i>, “Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins,” <i>Nature Microbiology</i>, vol. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 407–417, 2020.","short":"N.S. Baranova, P. Radler, V.M. Hernández-Rocamora, C. Alfonso, M.D. Lopez Pelegrin, G. Rivas, W. Vollmer, M. Loose, Nature Microbiology 5 (2020) 407–417.","apa":"Baranova, N. S., Radler, P., Hernández-Rocamora, V. M., Alfonso, C., Lopez Pelegrin, M. D., Rivas, G., … Loose, M. (2020). Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins. <i>Nature Microbiology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5</a>","ista":"Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, Alfonso C, Lopez Pelegrin MD, Rivas G, Vollmer W, Loose M. 2020. Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins. Nature Microbiology. 5, 407–417.","chicago":"Baranova, Natalia S., Philipp Radler, Víctor M. Hernández-Rocamora, Carlos Alfonso, Maria D Lopez Pelegrin, Germán Rivas, Waldemar Vollmer, and Martin Loose. “Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments and Cell Division Proteins.” <i>Nature Microbiology</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5</a>.","ama":"Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, et al. Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins. <i>Nature Microbiology</i>. 2020;5:407-417. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5\">10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5</a>"},"_id":"7387","abstract":[{"text":"Most bacteria accomplish cell division with the help of a dynamic protein complex called the divisome, which spans the cell envelope in the plane of division. Assembly and activation of this machinery are coordinated by the tubulin-related GTPase FtsZ, which was found to form treadmilling filaments on supported bilayers in vitro1, as well as in live cells, in which filaments circle around the cell division site2,3. Treadmilling of FtsZ is thought to actively move proteins around the division septum, thereby distributing peptidoglycan synthesis and coordinating the inward growth of the septum to form the new poles of the daughter cells4. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this function are largely unknown. Here, to study how FtsZ polymerization dynamics are coupled to downstream proteins, we reconstituted part of the bacterial cell division machinery using its purified components FtsZ, FtsA and truncated transmembrane proteins essential for cell division. We found that the membrane-bound cytosolic peptides of FtsN and FtsQ co-migrated with treadmilling FtsZ–FtsA filaments, but despite their directed collective behaviour, individual peptides showed random motion and transient confinement. Our work suggests that divisome proteins follow treadmilling FtsZ filaments by a diffusion-and-capture mechanism, which can give rise to a moving zone of signalling activity at the division site.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["31959972"],"isi":["000508584700007"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2058-5276"]},"day":"20","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://europepmc.org/article/PMC/7048620"}],"isi":1,"ec_funded":1,"title":"Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins","author":[{"id":"38661662-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Baranova","orcid":"0000-0002-3086-9124","first_name":"Natalia S.","full_name":"Baranova, Natalia S."},{"last_name":"Radler","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Radler, Philipp"},{"last_name":"Hernández-Rocamora","full_name":"Hernández-Rocamora, Víctor M.","first_name":"Víctor M."},{"last_name":"Alfonso","full_name":"Alfonso, Carlos","first_name":"Carlos"},{"full_name":"Lopez Pelegrin, Maria D","first_name":"Maria D","last_name":"Lopez Pelegrin","id":"319AA9CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Rivas, Germán","first_name":"Germán","last_name":"Rivas"},{"last_name":"Vollmer","full_name":"Vollmer, Waldemar","first_name":"Waldemar"},{"last_name":"Loose","id":"462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7309-9724","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Loose, Martin"}],"date_created":"2020-01-28T16:14:41Z","date_published":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","article_type":"letter_note","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell","grant_number":"679239","_id":"2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"LT000824/2016","_id":"259B655A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Reconstitution of bacterial cell wall synthesis"},{"_id":"2596EAB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"ALTF 2015-1163","name":"Synthesis of bacterial cell wall"}],"year":"2020","publication":"Nature Microbiology","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","volume":5,"doi":"10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at IST Austria for helpful discussions—in particular, P. Caldas for help with the treadmilling analysis, M. Jimenez, A. Raso and N. Ropero for providing Alexa Fluor 488- and Alexa Fluor 647-labelled FtsA for the MST and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. We thank C. You for providing the DODA-tris-NTA phospholipids, as well as J. Piehler and C. Richter (Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Germany) for the SLIMfast single-molecule tracking software and help with the confinement analysis. We thank J. Errington and H. Murray (both at Newcastle University, UK) for critical reading of the manuscript, and J. Brugués (MPI-CBG and MPI-PKS, Dresden, Germany) for help with the MATLAB programming and reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC-2015-StG-679239 to M.L. and grants HFSP LT 000824/2016-L4 and EMBO ALTF 1163-2015 to N.B., a grant from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government (BFU2016-75471-C2-1-P) to C.A. and G.R., and a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (101824/Z/13/Z) and a grant from the BBSRC (BB/R017409/1) to W.V.","intvolume":"         5"}]