---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22323'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Arrays of Josephson junctions can be tuned through anomalous metallic, quantum-critical,
and insulating regimes. We introduce an alternative experimental probe, capturing
microwave radiation across all three regimes, using a two-dimensional array of
superconductor-semiconductor hybrid Josephson junctions as a model system. Our
approach allows calibration of the sample’s circuit parameters and provides isolation
from measurement back-action effects. We measure the radiation temperature of
the anomalous metal and find that it is hotter than both the quantum-critical
and insulating regimes. We further show that the anomalous metallic regime is
more susceptible to additional heating than other regimes, explaining its emergence
in otherwise thermalized systems. Turning to the quantum-critical regime, we discover
nonlinear scaling of radiative noise with applied bias, consistent with theoretical
predictions of universal nonequilibrium behavior at quantum-critical points.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We gratefully acknowledge feedback on the preprint\r\nfrom Charles
Marcus, Vadim Khrapai, Joel Moore,\r\nAndrew Green, Shivaji Sondhi, Rufus Boyack,
and\r\nLuca Delacr´etaz. This work was primarily supported by\r\nthe NOMIS foundation.
This work was partially supported\r\nby the University of Chicago Materials Research
Science\r\nand Engineering Center, which is funded by the National\r\nScience Foundation
under Award No. DMR-2011854, and\r\nby the SFB Q-M&S funded by the Austrian Science
Fund\r\n(FWF). We acknowledge technical support from the\r\nNanofabrication Facility
and the MIBA machine shop at\r\nIST Austria."
article_number: '014031'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kristen W
full_name: Galvin, Kristen W
id: 41737c86-5355-11ee-ae5a-d2146bfd0877
last_name: Galvin
- first_name: Anton
full_name: Bubis, Anton
id: 1f6212b5-f795-11ec-9c0c-de4780302890
last_name: Bubis
- first_name: Melissa
full_name: Mikalsen, Melissa
last_name: Mikalsen
- first_name: William F.
full_name: Schiela, William F.
last_name: Schiela
- first_name: Bassel H.
full_name: Elfeky, Bassel H.
last_name: Elfeky
- first_name: William M.
full_name: Strickland, William M.
last_name: Strickland
- first_name: Duc T
full_name: Phan, Duc T
id: 29C8C0B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Phan
- first_name: Javad
full_name: Shabani, Javad
last_name: Shabani
- first_name: Andrew P
full_name: Higginbotham, Andrew P
id: 4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Higginbotham
orcid: 0000-0003-2607-2363
citation:
ama: Léonard KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, et al. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical
hybrid Josephson array. Physical Review Applied. 2026;26. doi:10.1103/75bl-mm3b
apa: Léonard, K. W., Bubis, A., Mikalsen, M., Schiela, W. F., Elfeky, B. H., Strickland,
W. M., … Higginbotham, A. P. (2026). Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical
hybrid Josephson array. Physical Review Applied. American Physical Society.
https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b
chicago: Léonard, Kristen Williams, Anton Bubis, Melissa Mikalsen, William F. Schiela,
Bassel H. Elfeky, William M. Strickland, Duc T Phan, Javad Shabani, and Andrew
P Higginbotham. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical Hybrid Josephson Array.”
Physical Review Applied. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/75bl-mm3b.
ieee: K. W. Léonard et al., “Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid
Josephson array,” Physical Review Applied, vol. 26. American Physical Society,
2026.
ista: Léonard KW, Bubis A, Mikalsen M, Schiela WF, Elfeky BH, Strickland WM, Phan
DT, Shabani J, Higginbotham AP. 2026. Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical
hybrid Josephson array. Physical Review Applied. 26, 014031.
mla: Léonard, Kristen Williams, et al. “Microwave Radiometry of a Quantum-Critical
Hybrid Josephson Array.” Physical Review Applied, vol. 26, 014031, American
Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/75bl-mm3b.
short: K.W. Léonard, A. Bubis, M. Mikalsen, W.F. Schiela, B.H. Elfeky, W.M. Strickland,
D.T. Phan, J. Shabani, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 26 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "The data that support the findings of this article are
openly available under 10.5281/zenodo\r\n.19615009. "
date_created: 2026-07-14T05:35:24Z
date_published: 2026-07-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-21T12:01:49Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: AnHi
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/75bl-mm3b
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2409.09835'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d872ca35d9d2c7821642fda520be2c15
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-07-16T09:39:37Z
date_updated: 2026-07-16T09:39:37Z
file_id: '22350'
file_name: 2026_PhysicalReviewApplied_Leonard.pdf
file_size: 2750867
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-16T09:39:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 26'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
grant_number: F8606
name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors'
publication: Physical Review Applied
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2331-7019
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical hybrid Josephson array
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2026'
...