---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21870'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Superconducting qubits are a leading candidate for utility-scale quantum computing
due to their fast gate speeds and steadily decreasing error rates. The requirement
for millikelvin operating temperatures, however, creates a significant scaling
bottleneck. Modular architectures using optical fiber links could bridge separate
cryogenic nodes, but superconducting circuits do not have coherent optical transitions
and microwave-to-optical conversion has not been shown for any non-classical photon
state. In this work, we demonstrate the on-demand generation and tomographic reconstruction
of itinerant single microwave photons at 8.9 GHz from a superconducting qubit.
We upconvert this non-Gaussian state with a transducer added noise below 0.012
quanta and count the converted telecom photons at 193.4 THz with a signal-to-noise
ratio of up to 5.1$\pm$1.1. We characterize the trade-offs between throughput
and noise, and establish a viable path toward heralded entanglement distribution
and gate teleportation. Looking ahead, these results empower existing superconducting
devices to take a key role in distributed quantum technologies and heterogeneous
quantum systems.
acknowledgement: "We thank Fritz Diorico and Onur Hosten who suggested the filter
cavity design, and gave important insights about the assembly and the testing of
the FabryPerot filter cavities. Ekatrina Fedotova and Diego A.\r\nLancheros Naranjo
worked on the filter cavity setup in\r\nthe early stages of this work. Gustavo Wiederhecker
and\r\nYiewen Chu provided insights as to the origins of the\r\nobserved optical
noise and Nicola Carlon Zambon suggested using telecom filters to mitigate it further.
This\r\nwork was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement
no. 101089099 (ERC CoG\r\ncQEO), and 101248662 (ERC POC CoupledEOT), the\r\nEuropean
Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under grant agreement no.
899354 (FETopen\r\nSuperQuLAN), the European Innovation Council no.\r\n101187231
(PathfinderOpen CIELO), and the Austrian\r\nScience Fund (FWF) no. F7105 (SFB BeyondC).
J.F.\r\nand L.K. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe\r\nProgram HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA
via\r\nProject No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100. A.M. acknowledges support from the
NOMIS-ISTA fellowship."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Werner, Thomas
id: 1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7
last_name: Werner
orcid: 0009-0001-2346-5236
- first_name: Erfan
full_name: Riyazi, Erfan
id: 53322f94-5355-11ee-ae5a-ff6f81c87d51
last_name: Riyazi
- first_name: Samarth
full_name: Hawaldar, Samarth
id: 221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e
last_name: Hawaldar
orcid: 0000-0002-1965-4309
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker
full_name: Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker
last_name: Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker
- first_name: Jennifer A. Sánchez
full_name: Naranjo, Jennifer A. Sánchez
last_name: Naranjo
- first_name: Dante
full_name: Loi, Dante
last_name: Loi
- first_name: Lucky N.
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky N.
last_name: Kapoor
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Zemlicka, Martin
id: 2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zemlicka
orcid: 0009-0005-0878-3032
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Andrei
full_name: Militaru, Andrei
id: d67706f8-8eb1-11ee-ad1b-9c30dfa19e0b
last_name: Militaru
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, et al. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant
Fock states. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928
apa: Werner, T., Riyazi, E., Hawaldar, S., Sahu, R., Arnold, G. M., Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker,
P. F.-S., … Fink, J. M. (n.d.). Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states.
arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928
chicago: Werner, Thomas, Erfan Riyazi, Samarth Hawaldar, Rishabh Sahu, Georg M Arnold,
Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Jennifer A. Sánchez Naranjo,
et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.” ArXiv, n.d.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928.
ieee: T. Werner et al., “Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states,”
arXiv. .
ista: Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, Sahu R, Arnold GM, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker
PF-S, Naranjo JAS, Loi D, Kapoor LN, Zemlicka M, Qiu L, Militaru A, Fink JM. Electro-optic
conversion of itinerant Fock states. arXiv, 10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928.
mla: Werner, Thomas, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.”
ArXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928.
short: T. Werner, E. Riyazi, S. Hawaldar, R. Sahu, G.M. Arnold, P.F.-S. Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker,
J.A.S. Naranjo, D. Loi, L.N. Kapoor, M. Zemlicka, L. Qiu, A. Militaru, J.M. Fink,
ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-05-12T13:58:18Z
date_published: 2026-01-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-14T07:08:55Z
day: '31'
department:
- _id: JoFi
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2602.00928'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a
grant_number: '101089099'
name: 'Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states'
- _id: 5b807754-ab3d-11f0-914f-ff8c34502cc9
grant_number: '101248662'
name: Integrated optical coupling for low loss electro-optic interconnects
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 91aaf765-16d5-11f0-9cad-a8e7e44cccb7
grant_number: '101187231'
name: 'Cavity-Integrated Electro-Optics: Measuring, Converting and Manipulating
Microwaves with Light'
- _id: 9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
name: NOMIS Fellowship Program
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
record:
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relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '23056'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Superconducting qubits face scaling challenges due to millikelvin temperature
requirements. Here we demonstrate the generation and low-noise upconversion of
single microwave photons to telecom frequencies, paving the way for quantum networks
with superconducting qubits.
alternative_title:
- Technical Digest Series
article_number: QM2A.1
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Andrei
full_name: Militaru, Andrei
id: d67706f8-8eb1-11ee-ad1b-9c30dfa19e0b
last_name: Militaru
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Werner, Thomas
id: 1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7
last_name: Werner
orcid: 0009-0001-2346-5236
- first_name: Erfan
full_name: Riyazi, Erfan
id: 53322f94-5355-11ee-ae5a-ff6f81c87d51
last_name: Riyazi
- first_name: Samarth
full_name: Hawaldar, Samarth
id: 221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e
last_name: Hawaldar
orcid: 0000-0002-1965-4309
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul
id: 85b43b21-15b2-11ec-abd3-e2c252cc2285
last_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker
- first_name: Jennifer Anais
full_name: Sanchez Naranjo, Jennifer Anais
id: 0fd10295-ebd4-11ec-b0f1-c1c8465143f9
last_name: Sanchez Naranjo
- first_name: Dante
full_name: Loi, Dante
id: a24803ec-c619-11f1-873b-95804e96f22f
last_name: Loi
- first_name: Lucky
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
last_name: Kapoor
orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Zemlicka, Martin
id: 2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zemlicka
orcid: 0009-0005-0878-3032
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: 'Militaru A, Werner T, Riyazi E, et al. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant
Fock states. In: Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition. Optica Publishing
Group; 2026.'
apa: 'Militaru, A., Werner, T., Riyazi, E., Hawaldar, S., Sahu, R., Arnold, G. M.,
… Fink, J. M. (2026). Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. In Quantum
2.0 Conference and Exhibition. Glasgow, United Kingdom: Optica Publishing
Group.'
chicago: Militaru, Andrei, Thomas Werner, Erfan Riyazi, Samarth Hawaldar, Rishabh
Sahu, Georg M Arnold, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion
of Itinerant Fock States.” In Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition. Optica
Publishing Group, 2026.
ieee: A. Militaru et al., “Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states,”
in Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2026.
ista: Militaru A, Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, Sahu R, Arnold GM, Falthansl-Scheinecker
P, Sanchez Naranjo JA, Loi D, Kapoor L, Zemlicka M, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2026. Electro-optic
conversion of itinerant Fock states. Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition. Quantum
2.0, Technical Digest Series, , QM2A.1.
mla: Militaru, Andrei, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.”
Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition, QM2A.1, Optica Publishing Group,
2026.
short: A. Militaru, T. Werner, E. Riyazi, S. Hawaldar, R. Sahu, G.M. Arnold, P.
Falthansl-Scheinecker, J.A. Sanchez Naranjo, D. Loi, L. Kapoor, M. Zemlicka, L.
Qiu, J.M. Fink, in:, Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition, Optica Publishing
Group, 2026.
conference:
end_date: 2026-06-18
location: Glasgow, United Kingdom
name: Quantum 2.0
start_date: 2026-06-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-10-04T22:01:57Z
date_published: 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-12T08:53:25Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
publication: Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781957171616'
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19073'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run
into substantial restrictions on scalability because error correction in a cryogenic
environment has stringent input–output requirements. Classical data centres rely
on fibre-optic interconnects to remove similar networking bottlenecks. In the
same spirit, ultracold electro-optic links have been proposed and used to generate
qubit control signals, or to replace cryogenic readout electronics. So far, these
approaches have suffered from either low efficiency, low bandwidth or additional
noise. Here we realize radio-over-fibre qubit readout at millikelvin temperatures.
We use one device to simultaneously perform upconversion and downconversion between
microwave and optical frequencies and so do not require any active or passive
cryogenic microwave equipment. We demonstrate all-optical single-shot readout
in a circulator-free readout scheme. Importantly, we do not observe any direct
radiation impact on the qubit state, despite the absence of shielding elements.
This compatibility between superconducting circuits and telecom-wavelength light
is not only a prerequisite to establish modular quantum networks, but it is also
relevant for multiplexed readout of superconducting photon detectors and classical
superconducting logic.
acknowledgement: We thank F. Hassani and M. Zemlicka for assistance with qubit design
and high-power readout, respectively, and P. Winkel and I. Pop at Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology for providing the JPA. This work was supported by the European Research
Council under grant nos. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and 101089099 (ERC CoG cQEO),
and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). This research was funded in whole, or in part,
by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DOI 10.55776/F71. L.Q. acknowledges generous
support from the ISTFELLOW programme and G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. Open access funding provided
by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).
article_number: '9470'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Werner, Thomas
id: 1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7
last_name: Werner
orcid: 0009-0001-2346-5236
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Lucky
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
last_name: Kapoor
orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Arnold GM, Werner T, Sahu R, Kapoor L, Qiu L, Fink JM. All-optical superconducting
qubit readout. Nature Physics. 2025;21. doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4
apa: Arnold, G. M., Werner, T., Sahu, R., Kapoor, L., Qiu, L., & Fink, J. M.
(2025). All-optical superconducting qubit readout. Nature Physics. Springer
Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4
chicago: Arnold, Georg M, Thomas Werner, Rishabh Sahu, Lucky Kapoor, Liu Qiu, and
Johannes M Fink. “All-Optical Superconducting Qubit Readout.” Nature Physics.
Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4.
ieee: G. M. Arnold, T. Werner, R. Sahu, L. Kapoor, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “All-optical
superconducting qubit readout,” Nature Physics, vol. 21. Springer Nature,
2025.
ista: Arnold GM, Werner T, Sahu R, Kapoor L, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2025. All-optical superconducting
qubit readout. Nature Physics. 21, 9470.
mla: Arnold, Georg M., et al. “All-Optical Superconducting Qubit Readout.” Nature
Physics, vol. 21, 9470, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4.
short: G.M. Arnold, T. Werner, R. Sahu, L. Kapoor, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Physics
21 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:57Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-20T13:35:42Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001417760400001'
pmid:
- '40093969'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ab7469aca9e2e068eb78e5c5c1efaf7d
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-04-16T08:09:43Z
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file_name: 2025_NaturePhysics_Arnold.pdf
file_size: 3396595
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file_date_updated: 2025-04-16T08:09:43Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 21'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a
grant_number: '101089099'
name: 'Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states'
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1745-2481
issn:
- 1745-2473
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA Website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/when-qubits-learn-the-language-of-fiberoptics/
record:
- id: '18953'
relation: earlier_version
status: public
- id: '21863'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: All-optical superconducting qubit readout
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 21
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '13106'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies.
Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical
or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered
by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and
noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and
optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting
electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and
optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves
the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength
light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the
context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no.
758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation
Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support
from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship
with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
(Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support
from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen
QUARTET).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Y.
full_name: Minoguchi, Y.
last_name: Minoguchi
- first_name: P.
full_name: Rabl, P.
last_name: Rabl
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. Science.
2023;380(6646):718-721. doi:10.1126/science.adg3812
apa: Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &
Fink, J. M. (2023). Entangling microwaves with light. Science. American
Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812
chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi,
P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” Science.
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812.
ieee: R. Sahu et al., “Entangling microwaves with light,” Science,
vol. 380, no. 6646. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 718–721,
2023.
ista: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling
microwaves with light. Science. 380(6646), 718–721.
mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” Science, vol.
380, no. 6646, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp.
718–21, doi:10.1126/science.adg3812.
short: R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink,
Science 380 (2023) 718–721.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-05-31T11:39:24Z
date_published: 2023-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-15T06:39:33Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1126/science.adg3812
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2301.03315'
isi:
- '000996515200004'
pmid:
- '37200415'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812
intvolume: ' 380'
isi: 1
issue: '6646'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 718-721
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '862644'
name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1095-9203
issn:
- 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA Website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/
record:
- id: '13122'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Entangling microwaves with light
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 380
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '14489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Microwave-optics entanglement is a vital component for building hybrid quantum
networks. Here, a new mechanism for preparing stationary entanglement between
microwave and optical cavity fields in a cavity optomagnomechanical system is
proposed. It consists of a magnon mode in a ferrimagnetic crystal that couples
directly to a microwave cavity mode via the magnetic dipole interaction and indirectly
to an optical cavity through the deformation displacement of the crystal. The
mechanical displacement is induced by the magnetostrictive force and coupled to
the optical cavity via radiation pressure. Both the opto- and magnomechanical
couplings are dispersive. Magnon–phonon entanglement is created via magnomechanical
parametric down-conversion, which is further distributed to optical and microwave
photons via simultaneous optomechanical beamsplitter interaction and electromagnonic
state-swap interaction, yielding stationary microwave-optics entanglement. The
microwave-optics entanglement is robust against thermal noise, which will find
broad potential applications in quantum networks and quantum information processing
with hybrid quantum systems.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development
Program of China (Grant no. 2022YFA1405200), the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Nos. 92265202), and the European Research Council (ERC CoG Q-ECHOS, 101001005).
article_number: '2200866'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zhi Yuan
full_name: Fan, Zhi Yuan
last_name: Fan
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Gröblacher, Simon
last_name: Gröblacher
- first_name: Jie
full_name: Li, Jie
last_name: Li
citation:
ama: Fan ZY, Qiu L, Gröblacher S, Li J. Microwave-optics entanglement via cavity
optomagnomechanics. Laser and Photonics Reviews. 2023;17(12). doi:10.1002/lpor.202200866
apa: Fan, Z. Y., Qiu, L., Gröblacher, S., & Li, J. (2023). Microwave-optics
entanglement via cavity optomagnomechanics. Laser and Photonics Reviews.
Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866
chicago: Fan, Zhi Yuan, Liu Qiu, Simon Gröblacher, and Jie Li. “Microwave-Optics
Entanglement via Cavity Optomagnomechanics.” Laser and Photonics Reviews.
Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866.
ieee: Z. Y. Fan, L. Qiu, S. Gröblacher, and J. Li, “Microwave-optics entanglement
via cavity optomagnomechanics,” Laser and Photonics Reviews, vol. 17, no.
12. Wiley, 2023.
ista: Fan ZY, Qiu L, Gröblacher S, Li J. 2023. Microwave-optics entanglement via
cavity optomagnomechanics. Laser and Photonics Reviews. 17(12), 2200866.
mla: Fan, Zhi Yuan, et al. “Microwave-Optics Entanglement via Cavity Optomagnomechanics.”
Laser and Photonics Reviews, vol. 17, no. 12, 2200866, Wiley, 2023, doi:10.1002/lpor.202200866.
short: Z.Y. Fan, L. Qiu, S. Gröblacher, J. Li, Laser and Photonics Reviews 17 (2023).
date_created: 2023-11-05T23:00:54Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:13:18Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1002/lpor.202200866
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2208.10703'
isi:
- '001088860000001'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866
intvolume: ' 17'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.10703
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Laser and Photonics Reviews
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1863-8899
issn:
- 1863-8880
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Microwave-optics entanglement via cavity optomagnomechanics
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...
---
APC_amount: 6228 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '13200'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various
microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic
cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction
between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control
of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak
electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser.
Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using
laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature
with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses
of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction,
and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time
delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions,
from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to
entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant
agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and
the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous
support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral
fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the
recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.
article_number: '3784'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a
superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. Nature
Communications. 2023;14. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
apa: Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., & Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent
optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical
back-action. Nature Communications. Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
chicago: Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M
Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical
Dynamical Back-Action.” Nature Communications. Nature Research, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3.
ieee: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical
control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,”
Nature Communications, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.
ista: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control
of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action.
Nature Communications. 14, 3784.
mla: Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity
via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” Nature Communications, vol.
14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3.
short: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications
14 (2023).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-07-09T22:01:11Z
date_published: 2023-06-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-11-07T23:30:29Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2210.12443'
isi:
- '001018100800002'
pmid:
- '37355691'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: alisjak
date_created: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
file_id: '13206'
file_name: 2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf
file_size: 1349134
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 14'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '291734'
name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
call_identifier: FWF
name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Research
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '18871'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical
dynamical back-action
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 14
year: '2023'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '18953'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run
into significant I/O restrictions due to the need for large-scale error correction
in a cryogenic environment. Classical data centers rely on fiber-optic interconnects
to remove similar networking bottlenecks and to allow for reconfigurable, software-defined
infrastructures. In the same spirit, ultra-cold electro-optic links have been
proposed and used to generate qubit control signals, or to replace cryogenic readout
electronics. So far, the latter suffered from either low efficiency, low bandwidth
and the need for additional microwave drives, or breaking of Cooper pairs and
qubit states. In this work we realize electro-optic microwave photonics at millikelvin
temperatures to implement a radio-over-fiber qubit readout that does not require
any active or passive cryogenic microwave equipment. We demonstrate all-optical
single-shot-readout by means of the Jaynes-Cummings nonlinearity in a circulator-free
readout scheme. Importantly, we do not observe any direct radiation impact on
the qubit state as verified with high-fidelity quantum-non-demolition measurements
despite the absence of shielding elements. This compatibility between superconducting
circuits and telecom wavelength light is not only a prerequisite to establish
modular quantum networks, it is also relevant for multiplexed readout of superconducting
photon detectors and classical superconducting logic. Moreover, this experiment
showcases the potential of electro-optic radiometry in harsh environments - an
electronics-free sensing principle that extends into the THz regime with applications
in radio astronomy, planetary missions and earth observation.
acknowledgement: "We thank F. Hassani and M. Zemlicka for assistance\r\nwith qubit
design and high power readout respectively,\r\nand P. Winkel and I. Pop at KIT for
providing the JPA.\r\nThis work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil
under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG\r\nQUNNECT) and no. 101089099 (ERC CoG
cQEO), the\r\nEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under
grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen\r\nSuperQuLAN) and the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF)\r\nthrough BeyondC (grant no. F7105). L.Q. acknowledges\r\ngenerous support
from the ISTFELLOW programme\r\nand G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of
the\r\nAustrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Werner, Thomas
id: 1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7
last_name: Werner
orcid: 0009-0001-2346-5236
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Lucky
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
last_name: Kapoor
orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Arnold GM, Werner T, Sahu R, Kapoor L, Qiu L, Fink JM. All-optical single-shot
readout of a superconducting qubit. arXiv. doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817
apa: Arnold, G. M., Werner, T., Sahu, R., Kapoor, L., Qiu, L., & Fink, J. M.
(n.d.). All-optical single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit. arXiv.
https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817
chicago: Arnold, Georg M, Thomas Werner, Rishabh Sahu, Lucky Kapoor, Liu Qiu, and
Johannes M Fink. “All-Optical Single-Shot Readout of a Superconducting Qubit.”
ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817.
ieee: G. M. Arnold, T. Werner, R. Sahu, L. Kapoor, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “All-optical
single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit,” arXiv. .
ista: Arnold GM, Werner T, Sahu R, Kapoor L, Qiu L, Fink JM. All-optical single-shot
readout of a superconducting qubit. arXiv, 10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817.
mla: Arnold, Georg M., et al. “All-Optical Single-Shot Readout of a Superconducting
Qubit.” ArXiv, doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817.
short: G.M. Arnold, T. Werner, R. Sahu, L. Kapoor, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-01-29T11:11:34Z
date_published: 2023-10-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-11-07T23:30:29Z
day: '25'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2310.16817'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.16817
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.16817
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a
grant_number: '101089099'
name: 'Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states'
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
record:
- id: '19073'
relation: later_version
status: public
- id: '18871'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: All-optical single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '11353'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Micro- and nanoscale optical or microwave cavities are used in a wide range
of classical applications and quantum science experiments, ranging from precision
measurements, laser technologies to quantum control of mechanical motion. The
dissipative photon loss via absorption, present to some extent in any optical
cavity, is known to introduce thermo-optical effects and thereby impose fundamental
limits on precision measurements. Here, we theoretically and experimentally reveal
that such dissipative photon absorption can result in quantum feedback via in-loop
field detection of the absorbed optical field, leading to the intracavity field
fluctuations to be squashed or antisquashed. A closed-loop dissipative quantum
feedback to the cavity field arises. Strikingly, this modifies the optical cavity
susceptibility in coherent response measurements (capable of both increasing or
decreasing the bare cavity linewidth) and causes excess noise and correlations
in incoherent interferometric optomechanical measurements using a cavity, that
is parametrically coupled to a mechanical oscillator. We experimentally observe
such unanticipated dissipative dynamics in optomechanical spectroscopy of sideband-cooled
optomechanical crystal cavitiess at both cryogenic temperature (approximately
8 K) and ambient conditions. The dissipative feedback introduces effective modifications
to the optical cavity linewidth and the optomechanical scattering rate and gives
rise to excess imprecision noise in the interferometric quantum measurement of
mechanical motion. Such dissipative feedback differs fundamentally from a quantum
nondemolition feedback, e.g., optical Kerr squeezing. The dissipative feedback
itself always results in an antisqueezed out-of-loop optical field, while it can
enhance the coexisting Kerr squeezing under certain conditions. Our result applies
to cavity spectroscopy in both optical and superconducting microwave cavities,
and equally applies to any dissipative feedback mechanism of different bandwidth
inside the cavity. It has wide-ranging implications for future dissipation engineering,
such as dissipation enhanced sideband cooling and Kerr squeezing, quantum frequency
conversion, and nonreciprocity in photonic systems.
acknowledgement: "L.Q. acknowledges fruitful discussions with D. Vitali, R. Schnabel,
P.K. Lam, A. Nunnenkamp, and D. Malz. This work is supported by the EUH2020 research
and innovation programme under Grant No. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT), and the European
Research Council through \r\nGrant No. 835329 (ExCOM-cCEO). This work was further
supported by Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant Agreements No. 185870
(Ambizione) and No. 204927. Samples were fabricated at the Center of MicroNanoTechnology
(CMi) at EPFL and the Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center at IBM Research-Zurich."
article_number: '020309'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Guanhao
full_name: Huang, Guanhao
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Itay
full_name: Shomroni, Itay
last_name: Shomroni
- first_name: Jiahe
full_name: Pan, Jiahe
last_name: Pan
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Seidler, Paul
last_name: Seidler
- first_name: Tobias J.
full_name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
last_name: Kippenberg
citation:
ama: Qiu L, Huang G, Shomroni I, Pan J, Seidler P, Kippenberg TJ. Dissipative quantum
feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity. PRX Quantum.
2022;3(2). doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309
apa: Qiu, L., Huang, G., Shomroni, I., Pan, J., Seidler, P., & Kippenberg, T.
J. (2022). Dissipative quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically
coupled microcavity. PRX Quantum. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309
chicago: Qiu, Liu, Guanhao Huang, Itay Shomroni, Jiahe Pan, Paul Seidler, and Tobias
J. Kippenberg. “Dissipative Quantum Feedback in Measurements Using a Parametrically
Coupled Microcavity.” PRX Quantum. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309.
ieee: L. Qiu, G. Huang, I. Shomroni, J. Pan, P. Seidler, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Dissipative
quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity,”
PRX Quantum, vol. 3, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2022.
ista: Qiu L, Huang G, Shomroni I, Pan J, Seidler P, Kippenberg TJ. 2022. Dissipative
quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity. PRX
Quantum. 3(2), 020309.
mla: Qiu, Liu, et al. “Dissipative Quantum Feedback in Measurements Using a Parametrically
Coupled Microcavity.” PRX Quantum, vol. 3, no. 2, 020309, American Physical
Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309.
short: L. Qiu, G. Huang, I. Shomroni, J. Pan, P. Seidler, T.J. Kippenberg, PRX Quantum
3 (2022).
date_created: 2022-05-08T22:01:43Z
date_published: 2022-04-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-02T12:30:47Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000789316700001'
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isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '732894'
name: Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies
publication: PRX Quantum
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2691-3399
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dissipative quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled
microcavity
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 3
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12088'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional
conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16.
Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification.
article_number: FW4D.4
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rueda Sanchez
orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a
quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: Conference
on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4'
apa: 'Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &
Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave
and telecom light. In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. San Jose,
CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4'
chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between
Microwave and Telecom Light.” In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.
Optica Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4.
ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom
light,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, United
States, 2022.
ista: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing
a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference
on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.'
mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave
and Telecom Light.” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, FW4D.4, Optica
Publishing Group, 2022, doi:10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4.
short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.
conference:
end_date: 2022-05-20
location: San Jose, CA, United States
name: 'CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science'
start_date: 2022-05-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-09-11T22:01:58Z
date_published: 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-09T21:03:27Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781557528209'
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '10924'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic
and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density
low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use
of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive
due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent
electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave
input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7%
(or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum
network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables
near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal
pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy
this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification
as predicted a decade ago.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical
filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials
and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA
workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported
by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT)
and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus
postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411.
G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET)."
article_number: '1276'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rueda Sanchez
orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Liu
full_name: Qiu, Liu
id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
last_name: Qiu
orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled
operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 2022;13.
doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2
apa: Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &
Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface.
Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2
chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical
Interface.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2.
ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” Nature
Communications, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.
ista: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled
operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.
mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.”
Nature Communications, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2.
short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
Nature Communications 13 (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-03-27T22:01:45Z
date_published: 2022-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-11-07T23:30:29Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2107.08303'
isi:
- '000767892300013'
pmid:
- '35277488'
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2022-03-28T08:02:12Z
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file_name: 2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2022-03-28T08:02:12Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 13'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '862644'
name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
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grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
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publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-1723
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...