--- _id: '20833' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content, which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analysed more than 100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on the F element (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male-achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Lorena Alexandra full_name: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra id: 02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f last_name: Layana Franco orcid: 0000-0002-1253-6297 - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833 apa: Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2026). Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833 chicago: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Research Data for ‘Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833. ieee: L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. ista: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2026. Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833. mla: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. Research Data for “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833. short: L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-17T10:10:57Z date_published: 2026-01-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-01-08T13:49:40Z day: '8' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0b79be6229f2ad9ac117ef00fc4f5c0e content_type: text/plain creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-17T10:09:25Z date_updated: 2025-12-17T10:09:25Z file_id: '20834' file_name: README.txt file_size: 1201 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: daf1c03149dd170b14e5c8e109ee3c77 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-17T10:10:11Z date_updated: 2025-12-17T10:10:11Z file_id: '20835' file_name: Supplementary_Datasets.zip file_size: 19052849 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 251e7aab01917c2ad2fbccf465492ea1 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-17T10:12:05Z date_updated: 2025-12-17T10:12:05Z file_id: '20837' file_name: Perl_scripts.zip file_size: 4575 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 3cabf143b8cd286eae48c598da2b03bd content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2026-01-08T01:35:08Z date_updated: 2026-01-08T01:35:08Z file_id: '20959' file_name: Supplementary_Tables.zip file_size: 572362 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-01-08T01:35:08Z has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Schizophora - sex chromosomes - sex-chromosome turnover - Diptera - genomic features - out-of-X movement. month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: None publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria status: public title: Research Data for 'Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d year: '2026' ... --- _id: '21116' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content, which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analyzed more than 100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find that the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on Muller element F (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Lorena Alexandra full_name: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra id: 02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f last_name: Layana Franco orcid: 0000-0002-1253-6297 - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116 apa: Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2026). Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116 chicago: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Research Data for ‘Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116. ieee: L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. ista: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2026. Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116. mla: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. Research Data for “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116. short: L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-01-30T11:04:14Z date_published: 2026-01-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-12T12:58:00Z day: '2' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-21116 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0b79be6229f2ad9ac117ef00fc4f5c0e content_type: text/plain creator: llayanaf date_created: 2026-01-30T11:00:24Z date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:24Z file_id: '21117' file_name: README.txt file_size: 1201 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: a3cda72e4177fa1e5d3f0f6a88f8a79b content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2026-01-30T11:00:36Z date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:36Z file_id: '21118' file_name: Supplementary_Tables.zip file_size: 572403 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: efb5b64698d6ca9e7b675204f6fc1c29 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2026-01-30T11:00:48Z date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:48Z file_id: '21119' file_name: Supplementary_Datasets.zip file_size: 19054553 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 254e050f648e9783ba8fe11adb3b49db content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2026-01-30T11:00:56Z date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:56Z file_id: '21120' file_name: Perl_scripts.zip file_size: 4575 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-01-30T11:00:56Z has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Schizophora - sex chromosomes - sex-chromosome turnover - Diptera - genomic features - out-of-X movement. month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria status: public title: Research Data for "Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera" tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21161' abstract: - lang: eng text: In many species, sex-biased expression is widespread and thought to contribute to sexual dimorphism. While bulk RNA-sequencing has been instrumental in identifying strongly sex-biased genes, it lacks resolution to assess variation across cell-types and tissue compartments. Using single-nucleus expression data from the Fly Cell Atlas, we investigate sex differences in adult Drosophila melanogaster. We find that differences in cell-type composition between the sexes are not a major source of sex-bias, as for the vast majority of genes, the degree of sex-bias is similar regardless of whether sex differences in cell-type composition are controlled for or not. Our analysis confirms a deficit of X-linked male-biased genes in the body’s somatic tissues that is widespread across cell-types. We also find the excess of X-linked female-biased genes to be associated with nervous system cells in the head but with epithelial cells in the body’s somatic tissues, showing that single-nucleus data crucially resolves sex-bias at the cell-type level. We investigate dosage compensation (DC) across 15 tissues and 17 cell-types. We observe that it varies throughout the body. Surprisingly, we observe a lack of DC in a cluster of main cells within the male accessory glands. This result highlights the importance of understanding context-dependent DC. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp - _id: Bio acknowledgement: This work was partly funded by an Austrian Science Foundation FWF ESPRIT fellowship (10.55776/ESP6331524) to C.B. We would like to thank the Vicoso group for their invaluable input and discussions throughout this work. We thank Filip Ruzicka for his insightful comments on the manuscript. All computational resources were provided by the Scientific Computing Unit at ISTA. This research was also supported through resources provided by the Imaging & Optics Facility (IOF) at ISTA. article_number: '20252471' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Carolina full_name: De Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata, Carolina id: 20565186-803f-11ed-ab7e-96a4ff7694ef last_name: De Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata orcid: 0000-0003-1945-2245 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata C, Vicoso B. Single-nucleus resolution of sex-biased expression and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences. 2026;293(2063). doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2471 apa: de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata, C., & Vicoso, B. (2026). Single-nucleus resolution of sex-biased expression and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.2471 chicago: Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata, Carolina de, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Single-Nucleus Resolution of Sex-Biased Expression and Dosage Compensation in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.2471. ieee: C. de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata and B. Vicoso, “Single-nucleus resolution of sex-biased expression and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, vol. 293, no. 2063. Royal Society of London, 2026. ista: de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata C, Vicoso B. 2026. Single-nucleus resolution of sex-biased expression and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences. 293(2063), 20252471. mla: de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata, Carolina, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Single-Nucleus Resolution of Sex-Biased Expression and Dosage Compensation in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, vol. 293, no. 2063, 20252471, Royal Society of London, 2026, doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2471. short: C. de Castro Barbosa Rodrigues Barata, B. Vicoso, Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 293 (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-02-08T23:02:49Z date_published: 2026-01-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T09:27:33Z day: '28' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1098/rspb.2025.2471 external_id: pmid: - '41592777' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: d76afebca0a6f112df0146ae2d929f36 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-02-16T09:26:02Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T09:26:02Z file_id: '21226' file_name: 2026_RoyalSocPubProceedingsB_Barata.pdf file_size: 2230841 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-02-16T09:26:02Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 293' issue: '2063' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 90ef7108-16d5-11f0-9cad-e6e116913473 grant_number: ESP 6331524 name: Does genetic drift set a limit on the adaptive evolution of sex-biased expression? publication: Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1471-2954 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of London quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Single-nucleus resolution of sex-biased expression and dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 293 year: '2026' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21409' abstract: - lang: eng text: Meiotic drivers are selfish genetic elements that gain transmission advantages by distorting equal, Mendelian segregation. For decades, biologists have considered meiotic drivers as interesting, albeit esoteric, case studies. It is now clear, however, that meiotic drive is more common and phylogenetically widespread than previously supposed. Indeed, intensive study of a few well-known cases has begun to reveal the evolutionary genomic consequences of meiotic drive. We argue here that many features of genome evolution, content, and organization that are seemingly inexplicable by organismal adaptation or nearly neutral processes are instead best accounted for by recurrent histories of meiotic drive. We review how meiotic drive can affect the evolution of sequences, gene copy numbers, genes with functions in meiosis and gametogenesis, signatures of “selection,” chromosome rearrangements, and karyotype evolution. We also explore the interactions of meiotic drive elements with other classes of selfish genetic elements, including satellite DNAs, transposable elements, and with the endogenous host genes involved in drive suppression. Finally, we argue that some aspects of drive-mediated genome evolution are now sufficiently well established that we might reverse the direction of discovery—rather than ask how drive affects genome evolution, we can use genome data to discover new putative drive elements. acknowledgement: "This review is a product of the SMBE satellite workshop and the SNSF Scientific Exchange on the Genomic Consequences of Meiotic Drive. We thank the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (satellite grant to A.M.L., A.K.L., R.L.U., D.C.P.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung IZSEZ0_217501 to A.K.L.), and the National Science Foundation Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (NSF MCB Conference grant 2312190 to R.L.U.) for their generous support of the workshop.\r\n\r\nWe also thank the following for their support of individual authors: National Science Foundation Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (NSF MCB CAREER 2047052 to R.L.U.), Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB-2344468 to L.F., NSF DEB-1737824 to K.A.D.), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH R35GM119515 to A.M.L., NIH R01GM148442 to D.C.P.), European Research Council (PGErepro to L.R.), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2020/06188-5 to A.B.S.M.F.), Royal Society (DHF\\R1\\180120 to L.R.), Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (support for D.C.P.), and Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council VR grant number 2021-0429 to A.A.V.)." article_number: msag020 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Daven C. full_name: Presgraves, Daven C. last_name: Presgraves - first_name: R. Kelly full_name: Dawe, R. Kelly last_name: Dawe - first_name: Kelly A. full_name: Dyer, Kelly A. last_name: Dyer - first_name: Lila full_name: Fishman, Lila last_name: Fishman - first_name: Soumitra A. full_name: Bhide, Soumitra A. last_name: Bhide - first_name: Sasha L. full_name: Bradshaw, Sasha L. last_name: Bradshaw - first_name: Meghan J. full_name: Brady, Meghan J. last_name: Brady - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Burga, Alejandro last_name: Burga - first_name: Cécile full_name: Courret, Cécile last_name: Courret - first_name: Brandon L. full_name: Fagen, Brandon L. last_name: Fagen - first_name: Ana Beatriz Stein full_name: Machado Ferretti, Ana Beatriz Stein last_name: Machado Ferretti - first_name: Réka K full_name: Kelemen, Réka K id: 48D3F8DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Kelemen orcid: 0000-0002-8489-9281 - first_name: Jun full_name: Kitano, Jun last_name: Kitano - first_name: Yiran full_name: Liu, Yiran last_name: Liu - first_name: Emiliano full_name: Martí, Emiliano last_name: Martí - first_name: Theresa full_name: Erlenbach, Theresa last_name: Erlenbach - first_name: Josephine A. full_name: Reinhardt, Josephine A. last_name: Reinhardt - first_name: Laura full_name: Ross, Laura last_name: Ross - first_name: Jan Niklas full_name: Runge, Jan Niklas last_name: Runge - first_name: Callie M. full_name: Swanepoel, Callie M. last_name: Swanepoel - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Aaron A. full_name: Vogan, Aaron A. last_name: Vogan - first_name: Anna K. full_name: Lindholm, Anna K. last_name: Lindholm - first_name: Amanda M. full_name: Larracuente, Amanda M. last_name: Larracuente - first_name: Robert L. full_name: Unckless, Robert L. last_name: Unckless citation: ama: Presgraves DC, Dawe RK, Dyer KA, et al. The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2026;43(2). doi:10.1093/molbev/msag020 apa: Presgraves, D. C., Dawe, R. K., Dyer, K. A., Fishman, L., Bhide, S. A., Bradshaw, S. L., … Unckless, R. L. (2026). The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020 chicago: Presgraves, Daven C., R. Kelly Dawe, Kelly A. Dyer, Lila Fishman, Soumitra A. Bhide, Sasha L. Bradshaw, Meghan J. Brady, et al. “The Evolutionary Genomics of Meiotic Drive.” Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020. ieee: D. C. Presgraves et al., “The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive,” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 43, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2026. ista: Presgraves DC, Dawe RK, Dyer KA, Fishman L, Bhide SA, Bradshaw SL, Brady MJ, Burga A, Courret C, Fagen BL, Machado Ferretti ABS, Kelemen RK, Kitano J, Liu Y, Martí E, Erlenbach T, Reinhardt JA, Ross L, Runge JN, Swanepoel CM, Vicoso B, Vogan AA, Lindholm AK, Larracuente AM, Unckless RL. 2026. The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 43(2), msag020. mla: Presgraves, Daven C., et al. “The Evolutionary Genomics of Meiotic Drive.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 43, no. 2, msag020, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:10.1093/molbev/msag020. short: D.C. Presgraves, R.K. Dawe, K.A. Dyer, L. Fishman, S.A. Bhide, S.L. Bradshaw, M.J. Brady, A. Burga, C. Courret, B.L. Fagen, A.B.S. Machado Ferretti, R.K. Kelemen, J. Kitano, Y. Liu, E. Martí, T. Erlenbach, J.A. Reinhardt, L. Ross, J.N. Runge, C.M. Swanepoel, B. Vicoso, A.A. Vogan, A.K. Lindholm, A.M. Larracuente, R.L. Unckless, Molecular Biology and Evolution 43 (2026). date_created: 2026-03-08T23:01:45Z date_published: 2026-02-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-03-09T10:33:04Z day: '02' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/molbev/msag020 external_id: pmid: - '41589062' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 406e7cca0f2536d3bb877032fc837f9b content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-03-09T10:32:02Z date_updated: 2026-03-09T10:32:02Z file_id: '21414' file_name: 2026_MolecularBioEvolution_Presgraves.pdf file_size: 4533829 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-03-09T10:32:02Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 43' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Molecular Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1537-1719 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 43 year: '2026' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '21486' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content, which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analyzed more than 100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find that the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on Muller element F (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes. acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, grant number PAT 8748323) to B.V. We thank the Vicoso group for their feedback on an early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to Kamil Jaron and Julia Gries for helpful discussions and for sharing their unpublished work. Computational resources and support were provided by the Scientific Computing Unit at ISTA. article_number: qrag003 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Lorena Alexandra full_name: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra id: 02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f last_name: Layana Franco orcid: 0000-0002-1253-6297 - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera. Evolution Letters. 2026. doi:10.1093/evlett/qrag003 apa: Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2026). Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera. Evolution Letters. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrag003 chicago: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.” Evolution Letters. Oxford University Press, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrag003. ieee: L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera,” Evolution Letters. Oxford University Press, 2026. ista: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2026. Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera. Evolution Letters., qrag003. mla: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.” Evolution Letters, qrag003, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:10.1093/evlett/qrag003. short: L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, Evolution Letters (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-03-23T15:05:42Z date_published: 2026-03-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-03-24T07:14:08Z day: '12' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1093/evlett/qrag003 has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrag003 month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b grant_number: PAT 8748323 name: Sex chromosomes in evolution and development publication: Evolution Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 2056-3744 publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20009' abstract: - lang: eng text: The suppression of recombination between young X and Y chromosomes is a crucial step in their evolution, but why it occurs is not known. The detailed characterization of the polymorphic sex chromosomes of the fourspine stickleback by Liu et al. promises to shed new light on this longstanding question. acknowledgement: I thank the Vicoso group for in-depth discussions of the original article highlighted here. This work was supported by an Austrian Research Fund (FWF) grant to B.V. (PAT 8748323). article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Vicoso B. Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2025;40(8):728-730. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010 apa: Vicoso, B. (2025). Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010 chicago: Vicoso, Beatriz. “Sex Chromosome Evolution in Action in Fourspine Sticklebacks.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010. ieee: B. Vicoso, “Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 40, no. 8. Elsevier, pp. 728–730, 2025. ista: Vicoso B. 2025. Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 40(8), 728–730. mla: Vicoso, Beatriz. “Sex Chromosome Evolution in Action in Fourspine Sticklebacks.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 40, no. 8, Elsevier, 2025, pp. 728–30, doi:10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010. short: B. Vicoso, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 40 (2025) 728–730. corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-07-13T22:01:23Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:22:29Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010 external_id: isi: - '001550437400006' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0a7c6e8600c878dac7082681e4409b50 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z file_id: '20905' file_name: 2025_TrendsEcoloEvolution_Vicoso.pdf file_size: 699156 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 40' isi: 1 issue: '8' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 728-730 project: - _id: 8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b grant_number: PAT 8748323 name: Sex chromosomes in evolution and development publication: Trends in Ecology and Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 0169-5347 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 40 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20182' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex chromosomes have evolved many times throughout the tree of life, and understanding what has shaped their unusual morphological, sequence, and regulatory features has been a long-standing goal. Most early insights into insect sex chromosome biology came from a few model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which limited broad-scale evolutionary inferences. More recently, extensive comparative genomics studies have uncovered several unexpected patterns, which we highlight in this review. First, we describe the conservation of the ancestral X chromosome over 450 million years but also its recurrent turnover (i.e. its reversal to an autosome when a new X chromosome arose) in at least one order. We then summarize classical and more recent findings on how insects modulate the expression of X-linked genes following the degradation of the Y chromosome and how the diverse mechanisms of dosage compensation identified may elucidate important principles of sex chromosome regulatory evolution. acknowledgement: This work was supported by an Austrian Research Fund (FWF) grant to B.V. (PAT 8748323) and by the Louisiana Board of Regents Research Competitiveness Subprogram (LEQSF(2025-28)-RD-A-20) to MAT. article_number: '101411' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: review author: - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: 'Toups MA, Vicoso B. Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 2025;72. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411' apa: 'Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2025). Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation. Current Opinion in Insect Science. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411' chicago: 'Toups, Melissa A, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Insect Sex Chromosome Evolution: Conservation, Turnover, and Mechanisms of Dosage Compensation.” Current Opinion in Insect Science. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411.' ieee: 'M. A. Toups and B. Vicoso, “Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation,” Current Opinion in Insect Science, vol. 72. Elsevier, 2025.' ista: 'Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2025. Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 72, 101411.' mla: 'Toups, Melissa A., and Beatriz Vicoso. “Insect Sex Chromosome Evolution: Conservation, Turnover, and Mechanisms of Dosage Compensation.” Current Opinion in Insect Science, vol. 72, 101411, Elsevier, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411.' short: M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, Current Opinion in Insect Science 72 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-08-17T22:01:35Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T13:14:38Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411 external_id: isi: - '001582424100001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 262640abc34277686b56eb60102976f6 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-30T13:14:20Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T13:14:20Z file_id: '20917' file_name: 2025_CurrOpinionInsectScience_Toups.pdf file_size: 897079 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T13:14:20Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 72' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b grant_number: PAT 8748323 name: Sex chromosomes in evolution and development publication: Current Opinion in Insect Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 2214-5753 issn: - 2214-5745 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 72 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20223' abstract: - lang: eng text: The first influential hypothesis for sex chromosome evolution was proposed in 1914 by H. J. Muller, who argued that once recombination was suppressed between the X and Y chromosomes, Y-linked genes become “sheltered” from selection, leading to accumulation of recessive loss-of-function (LOF) mutations and decay of Y-linked genes. The hypothesis fell out of favor in the 1970s because early mathematical models failed to support it and data on the dominance of lethal mutations were viewed as incompatible with the hypothesis. We reevaluate the main arguments against Muller's hypothesis and find that they do not conclusively exclude a role for sheltering in sex chromosome evolution. By relaxing restrictive assumptions of earlier models, we show that sheltering promotes fixation of LOF mutations with sexually dimorphic fitness effects, resulting in decay of X-linked genes that are exclusively expressed by males and Y-linked genes that are primarily, though not necessarily exclusively, expressed by females. We further show that drift and other processes contributing to Y degeneration (i.e. selective interference and regulatory evolution) expand conditions of Y-linked gene loss by sheltering. The actual contribution of sheltering to sex chromosome evolution hinges upon the distribution of dominance and sex-specific fitness effects of LOF mutations, which we discuss. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: We thank Filip Ruzicka, Colin Olito, Akane Uesugi, Melissa Toups, Daniel Jeffries, the Associate Editor, and anonymous reviewers, for comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the paper. We are particularly grateful to Deborah Charlesworth and Brian Charlesworth for extensive comments on two different drafts of the manuscript. We also thank Aneil Agrawal and Thomas Lenormand for email correspondence about the data on dominance and ways to interpret it. Technical support was provided by ISTA Scientific Computing Unit. article_number: msaf177 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Mrnjavac, Andrea id: 353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425 last_name: Mrnjavac - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Tim full_name: Connallon, Tim last_name: Connallon citation: ama: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B, Connallon T. An extension of Muller’s sheltering hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosome gene content. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2025;42(8). doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf177 apa: Mrnjavac, A., Vicoso, B., & Connallon, T. (2025). An extension of Muller’s sheltering hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosome gene content. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf177 chicago: Mrnjavac, Andrea, Beatriz Vicoso, and Tim Connallon. “An Extension of Muller’s Sheltering Hypothesis for the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Gene Content.” Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf177. ieee: A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, and T. Connallon, “An extension of Muller’s sheltering hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosome gene content,” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 42, no. 8. Oxford University Press, 2025. ista: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B, Connallon T. 2025. An extension of Muller’s sheltering hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosome gene content. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 42(8), msaf177. mla: Mrnjavac, Andrea, et al. “An Extension of Muller’s Sheltering Hypothesis for the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Gene Content.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 42, no. 8, msaf177, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf177. short: A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, T. Connallon, Molecular Biology and Evolution 42 (2025). date_created: 2025-08-24T22:01:31Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:25:57Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaf177 external_id: isi: - '001547617100001' pmid: - '40713898' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: f40abffa56cb1e9ff65800f2a7d7b39a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-02T07:47:32Z date_updated: 2025-09-02T07:47:32Z file_id: '20274' file_name: 2025_MolecularBioEvolution_Mrnjavac.pdf file_size: 1239841 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-02T07:47:32Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 42' isi: 1 issue: '8' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Molecular Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1537-1719 issn: - 0737-4038 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://git.ista.ac.at/bvicoso/xydegenerate scopus_import: '1' status: public title: An extension of Muller's sheltering hypothesis for the evolution of sex chromosome gene content tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 42 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '20780' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content, which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analysed more than 100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on the F element (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male-achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Lorena Alexandra full_name: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra id: 02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f last_name: Layana Franco orcid: 0000-0002-1253-6297 - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera. 2025. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780 apa: Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2025). Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780 chicago: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780. ieee: L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. ista: Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2025. Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780. mla: Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780. short: L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-10T23:40:14Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-15T11:13:32Z department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20780 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 251e7aab01917c2ad2fbccf465492ea1 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-11T10:47:15Z date_updated: 2025-12-11T10:47:15Z file_id: '20799' file_name: Perl_scripts.zip file_size: 4575 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: daf1c03149dd170b14e5c8e109ee3c77 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-11T10:52:17Z date_updated: 2025-12-11T10:52:17Z file_id: '20800' file_name: Supplementary_Datasets.zip file_size: 19052849 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 658d6e95a361b0a3db058b7b4e1733d4 content_type: application/zip creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-11T10:52:11Z date_updated: 2025-12-11T10:52:11Z file_id: '20801' file_name: Supplementary_Tables.zip file_size: 566476 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 2a2b92eb9fade0015719190596a8c5b7 content_type: text/plain creator: llayanaf date_created: 2025-12-11T11:00:53Z date_updated: 2025-12-11T11:00:53Z file_id: '20802' file_name: README.txt file_size: 1204 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-11T11:00:53Z has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Schizophora - sex chromosomes - sex-chromosome turnover - Diptera - genomic features - out-of-X movement. month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: None publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria status: public title: Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20796' abstract: - lang: eng text: Rapid prophase chromosome movements ensure faithful alignment of the parental homologous chromosomes and successful synapsis formation during meiosis. These movements are driven by cytoplasmic forces transmitted to the nuclear periphery, where chromosome ends are attached through transmembrane proteins. During many developmental stages a specific genome architecture with chromatin nuclear periphery contacts mediates specific gene expression. Whether chromatin is removed from the nuclear periphery as a consequence of chromosome motions or by a specific mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we identify a mechanism to remove chromatin from the nuclear periphery through vaccinia related kinase (VRK-1)–dependent phosphorylation of Barrier to Autointegration Factor 1 (BAF-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans early prophase of meiosis. Interfering with chromatin removal delays chromosome pairing, impairs synapsis, produces oocytes with abnormal chromosomes and elevated apoptosis. Long read sequencing reveals deletions and duplications in offspring lacking VRK-1 underscoring the importance of the BAF-1–VRK-1 module in preserving genome stability in gametes during rapid chromosome movements. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Monique Zetka, Nicola Silva, and Yumi Kim, Needhi Bhalla, George Krohne and Rueyling Lin for providing reagents; Scott Kennedy for sharing the multiplexed FISH library; and members of the Max Perutz Labs’ BioOptics facility (Irmgard Fischer, Josef Gotzmann, Thomas Peterbauer, Clara Bodner, and Nick Wedige) for training and support in image acquisition. We also thank the members of the NGS facility at the Vienna Biocenter. This work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) SFB projects F 8805-B (VJ), https://doi.org/10.55776/F88, F 8809-B (ITB), and F8810-B (BV). We are also grateful to members of the V. Jantsch laboratory for helpful discussions. Some strains were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, which is funded by the National Institutes of Health Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40OD010440). article_number: '10446' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Dimitra full_name: Paouneskou, Dimitra last_name: Paouneskou - first_name: Antoine full_name: Baudrimont, Antoine last_name: Baudrimont - first_name: Réka K full_name: Kelemen, Réka K id: 48D3F8DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Kelemen orcid: 0000-0002-8489-9281 - first_name: Marwan N full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425 last_name: Elkrewi orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231 - first_name: Angela full_name: Graf, Angela last_name: Graf - first_name: Shehab full_name: Moukbel Ali Aldawla, Shehab last_name: Moukbel Ali Aldawla - first_name: Claudia full_name: Kölbl, Claudia last_name: Kölbl - first_name: Irene full_name: Tiemann-Boege, Irene last_name: Tiemann-Boege - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Verena full_name: Jantsch, Verena last_name: Jantsch citation: ama: Paouneskou D, Baudrimont A, Kelemen RK, et al. BAF-1–VRK-1 mediated release of meiotic chromosomes from the nuclear periphery is important for genome integrity. Nature Communications. 2025;16. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65420-9 apa: Paouneskou, D., Baudrimont, A., Kelemen, R. K., Elkrewi, M. N., Graf, A., Moukbel Ali Aldawla, S., … Jantsch, V. (2025). BAF-1–VRK-1 mediated release of meiotic chromosomes from the nuclear periphery is important for genome integrity. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65420-9 chicago: Paouneskou, Dimitra, Antoine Baudrimont, Réka K Kelemen, Marwan N Elkrewi, Angela Graf, Shehab Moukbel Ali Aldawla, Claudia Kölbl, Irene Tiemann-Boege, Beatriz Vicoso, and Verena Jantsch. “BAF-1–VRK-1 Mediated Release of Meiotic Chromosomes from the Nuclear Periphery Is Important for Genome Integrity.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65420-9. ieee: D. Paouneskou et al., “BAF-1–VRK-1 mediated release of meiotic chromosomes from the nuclear periphery is important for genome integrity,” Nature Communications, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025. ista: Paouneskou D, Baudrimont A, Kelemen RK, Elkrewi MN, Graf A, Moukbel Ali Aldawla S, Kölbl C, Tiemann-Boege I, Vicoso B, Jantsch V. 2025. BAF-1–VRK-1 mediated release of meiotic chromosomes from the nuclear periphery is important for genome integrity. Nature Communications. 16, 10446. mla: Paouneskou, Dimitra, et al. “BAF-1–VRK-1 Mediated Release of Meiotic Chromosomes from the Nuclear Periphery Is Important for Genome Integrity.” Nature Communications, vol. 16, 10446, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65420-9. short: D. Paouneskou, A. Baudrimont, R.K. Kelemen, M.N. Elkrewi, A. Graf, S. Moukbel Ali Aldawla, C. Kölbl, I. Tiemann-Boege, B. Vicoso, V. Jantsch, Nature Communications 16 (2025). date_created: 2025-12-11T10:45:06Z date_published: 2025-11-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:28:37Z day: '25' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65420-9 external_id: pmid: - '41290579' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a952f7ea050242b79008540de49a0e61 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-15T09:25:51Z date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:25:51Z file_id: '20823' file_name: 2025_NatureComm_Paouneskou.pdf file_size: 8096309 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:25:51Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 16' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396 grant_number: F8810 name: The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction publication: Nature Communications publication_identifier: eissn: - 2041-1723 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: BAF-1–VRK-1 mediated release of meiotic chromosomes from the nuclear periphery is important for genome integrity tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 16 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19370' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex-linked and autosomal loci experience different selective pressures and evolutionary dynamics. X (or Z) chromosomes are often hemizygous in males (or females), as Y (or W) chromosomes often degenerate. Such hemizygous regions can be under greater efficacy of selection, as recessive mutations are immediately exposed to selection in the heterogametic sex leading to faster adaptation and faster divergence on the X chromosome (the so-called Faster-X or Faster-Z effect). However, in young nonrecombining regions, Y/W chromosomes often have many functional genes, and many X/Z-linked loci are therefore diploid. The sheltering of recessive mutations on the X/Z by the Y/W homolog is expected to drive slower adaptation for diploid X/Z loci, i.e. a reduction in the efficacy of selection. While the Faster-X effect has been studied extensively, much less is known empirically about the evolutionary dynamics of diploid X or Z chromosomes. Here, we took advantage of published population genomic data in the female-heterogametic human parasite Schistosoma japonicum to characterize the gene content and diversity levels of the diploid and hemizygous regions of the Z chromosome. We used different metrics of selective pressures acting on genes to test for differences in the efficacy of selection in hemizygous and diploid Z regions, relative to autosomes. We found consistent patterns suggesting reduced Ne, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection, on both hemizygous and diploid Z regions. Moreover, relaxed selection was particularly pronounced for female-biased genes on the diploid Z, as predicted by recent theoretical work. acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Christelle Fraïsse, Marwan Elkrewi, and Filip Ruzicka for the help in this project. article_number: evaf021 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Mrnjavac, Andrea id: 353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425 last_name: Mrnjavac - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2025;17(2). doi:10.1093/gbe/evaf021 apa: Mrnjavac, A., & Vicoso, B. (2025). Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021 chicago: Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021. ieee: A. Mrnjavac and B. Vicoso, “Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum,” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 17, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2025. ista: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. 2025. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. Genome Biology and Evolution. 17(2), evaf021. mla: Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 17, no. 2, evaf021, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:10.1093/gbe/evaf021. short: A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, Genome Biology and Evolution 17 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-03-09T23:01:27Z date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:49:17Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/gbe/evaf021 external_id: isi: - '001423671400001' pmid: - '39913672' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: e3aa993e3d6dad10cb806c243fa57408 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-03-10T08:25:59Z date_updated: 2025-03-10T08:25:59Z file_id: '19378' file_name: 2025_GBE_Mrnjavac.pdf file_size: 768371 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-03-10T08:25:59Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 17' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Genome Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1759-6653 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://git.ista.ac.at/amrnjava/schistosomes_slower_z record: - id: '18549' relation: earlier_version status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 17 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19735' abstract: - lang: eng text: The males and females of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are highly dimorphic, and this dimorphism is associated with substantial sex-biased gene expression in heads and gonads. How these sex-specific patterns of expression are regulated at the molecular level is unknown. A. franciscana also has differentiated ZW sex chromosomes, with complete dosage compensation, but the molecular mechanism through which compensation is achieved is unknown. Here, we conducted CUT&TAG assays targeting 7 post-translational histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H4K16ac) in heads and gonads of A. franciscana, allowing us to divide the genome into 12 chromatin states. We further defined functional chromatin signatures for all genes, which were correlated with transcript level abundances. Differences in the occupancy of the profiled epigenetic marks between sexes were associated with differential gene expression between males and females. Finally, we found a significant enrichment of the permissive H4K16ac histone mark in the Z-specific region in both tissues of females but not males, supporting the role of this histone mark in mediating dosage compensation of the Z chromosome. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: We thank the Vicoso lab for their help in maintaining Artemia and for their valuable feedback and suggestions. We thank Marwan Elkrewi for his useful technical advice and discussions. We are also grateful to the Scientific Unit at ISTA Austria for computational resources and assistance. This work was supported by Austrian science fund (FWF) grants PAT8748323 and SFB F88-10 (as part of the SFB Meiosis consortium https://sfbmeiosis.org) to BV and Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant number 2020-06424) to MSTA. article_number: msaf085 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Vincent K full_name: Bett, Vincent K id: 57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425 last_name: Bett - first_name: Minerva S full_name: Trejo Arellano, Minerva S id: 2b681148-eed5-11eb-b81b-ae229e8620f8 last_name: Trejo Arellano orcid: 0000-0002-1982-3475 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Bett VK, Trejo Arellano MS, Vicoso B. Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2025;42(5). doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf085 apa: Bett, V. K., Trejo Arellano, M. S., & Vicoso, B. (2025). Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085 chicago: Bett, Vincent K, Minerva S Trejo Arellano, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Chromatin Landscape Is Associated with Sex-Biased Expression and Drosophila-like Dosage Compensation of the Z Chromosome in Artemia Franciscana.” Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085. ieee: V. K. Bett, M. S. Trejo Arellano, and B. Vicoso, “Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana,” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 42, no. 5. Oxford University Press, 2025. ista: Bett VK, Trejo Arellano MS, Vicoso B. 2025. Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 42(5), msaf085. mla: Bett, Vincent K., et al. “Chromatin Landscape Is Associated with Sex-Biased Expression and Drosophila-like Dosage Compensation of the Z Chromosome in Artemia Franciscana.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 42, no. 5, msaf085, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf085. short: V.K. Bett, M.S. Trejo Arellano, B. Vicoso, Molecular Biology and Evolution 42 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-05-25T22:16:56Z date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-07T12:28:15Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi - _id: DaZi doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaf085 external_id: isi: - '001483460200001' pmid: - '40202086' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 6c14b03f94b4aadf8869be2c4366d077 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-05-28T09:34:36Z date_updated: 2025-05-28T09:34:36Z file_id: '19756' file_name: 2025_MBE_Bett.pdf file_size: 1282772 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-05-28T09:34:36Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 42' isi: 1 issue: '5' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b grant_number: PAT 8748323 name: Sex chromosomes in evolution and development - _id: 34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396 grant_number: F8810 name: The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction publication: Molecular Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1537-1719 issn: - 0737-4038 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/vkb25/Chromatin-landscape-in-Artemia-franciscana.git record: - id: '20444' relation: dissertation_contains status: private - id: '20449' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 42 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '18761' abstract: - lang: eng text: Termites, together with cockroaches, belong to the Blattodea. They possess an XX/XY sex determination system which has evolved from an XX/X0 system present in other Blattodean species, such as cockroaches and wood roaches. Little is currently known about the sex chromosomes of termites, their gene content, or their evolution. We here investigate the X chromosome of multiple termite species and compare them with the X chromosome of cockroaches using genomic and transcriptomic data. We find that the X chromosome of the termite Macrotermes natalensis is large and differentiated showing hall marks of sex chromosome evolution such as dosage compensation, while this does not seem to be the case in the other two termite species investigated here where sex chromosomes may be evolutionary younger. Furthermore, the X chromosome in M. natalensis is different from the X chromosome found in the cockroach Blattella germanica indicating that sex chromosome turn-over events may have happened during termite evolution. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "urthermore, we thank all lab members and collaborators for feedback on the project. Specifically, Dino McMahon provided R. flavipes males and females, Judith Korb provided C. secundus males and females, gave feedback on the project and discussed questions on termite reproduction, Mireille Vasseur-Cognet provided M. natalensis males and females, Ariana Macon performed the lab work for sequencing and the Vicoso group gave critical feedback on the project. We furthermore thank the HPC group at IST Austria and Christian Meesters at JGU Mainz for their technical support.\r\nThis work was supported by a Österreichischer Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) grant of the Meitner Programme to A.K.H. (project number M 2484), funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) of the Research Training Group GenEvo (project number 407023052) to A.K.H., R.F., and A.D., and funding of the DFG within the Schwerpunktprogramm Gevol to A.K.H. and R.M. (project number 503256468)." article_number: evae265 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Roxanne full_name: Fraser, Roxanne last_name: Fraser - first_name: Ruth full_name: Moraa, Ruth last_name: Moraa - first_name: Annika full_name: Djolai, Annika last_name: Djolai - first_name: Nils full_name: Meisenheimer, Nils last_name: Meisenheimer - first_name: Sophie full_name: Laube, Sophie last_name: Laube - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Ann K full_name: Huylmans, Ann K id: 4C0A3874-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Huylmans orcid: 0000-0001-8871-4961 citation: ama: Fraser R, Moraa R, Djolai A, et al. Evidence for a novel X chromosome in termites. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2024;16(12). doi:10.1093/gbe/evae265 apa: Fraser, R., Moraa, R., Djolai, A., Meisenheimer, N., Laube, S., Vicoso, B., & Huylmans, A. K. (2024). Evidence for a novel X chromosome in termites. Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae265 chicago: Fraser, Roxanne, Ruth Moraa, Annika Djolai, Nils Meisenheimer, Sophie Laube, Beatriz Vicoso, and Ann K Huylmans. “Evidence for a Novel X Chromosome in Termites.” Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae265. ieee: R. Fraser et al., “Evidence for a novel X chromosome in termites,” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 12. Oxford University Press, 2024. ista: Fraser R, Moraa R, Djolai A, Meisenheimer N, Laube S, Vicoso B, Huylmans AK. 2024. Evidence for a novel X chromosome in termites. Genome Biology and Evolution. 16(12), evae265. mla: Fraser, Roxanne, et al. “Evidence for a Novel X Chromosome in Termites.” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 12, evae265, Oxford University Press, 2024, doi:10.1093/gbe/evae265. short: R. Fraser, R. Moraa, A. Djolai, N. Meisenheimer, S. Laube, B. Vicoso, A.K. Huylmans, Genome Biology and Evolution 16 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-01-05T23:01:58Z date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T11:58:41Z day: '01' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/gbe/evae265 external_id: isi: - '001380841100001' pmid: - '39658246' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 9cf8fd14580dd694dd810ccca808ad0e content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-08T08:28:07Z date_updated: 2025-01-08T08:28:07Z file_id: '18772' file_name: 2024_GBE_Fraser.pdf file_size: 795106 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-08T08:28:07Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 16' isi: 1 issue: '12' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 26641CAC-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: M02484 name: Sex Determination in Termites publication: Genome Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1759-6653 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Evidence for a novel X chromosome in termites tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) short: CC BY-NC (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 16 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '17458' abstract: - lang: eng text: Changes in gene dosage can have tremendous evolutionary potential (e.g. whole-genome duplications), but without compensatory mechanisms, they can also lead to gene dysregulation and pathologies. Sex chromosomes are a paradigmatic example of naturally occurring gene dosage differences and their compensation. In species with chromosome-based sex determination, individuals within the same population necessarily show ‘natural’ differences in gene dosage for the sex chromosomes. In this Review, we focus on the mammalian X chromosome and discuss recent new insights into the dosage-compensation mechanisms that evolved along with the emergence of sex chromosomes, namely X-inactivation and X-upregulation. We also discuss the evolution of the genetic loci and molecular players involved, as well as the regulatory diversity and potentially different requirements for dosage compensation across mammalian species. acknowledgement: We thank Estelle Nicolas for critical feedback on the manuscript and Ikuhiro Okamoto for critical feedback on the figures. We apologise to authors whose work we overlooked or did not discuss or cite due to limits in the number of references. We thank the anonymous reviewers for pointing us to additional literature and for their constructive feedback. Figures were prepared with BioRender.com. D.C. is supported by a fellowship from Ligue Contre le Cancer (LNCC_TAJT25850) and R.G. holds a tenured research position from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France). Research in the Galupa lab is supported by a grant from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (AJE202305017142). Open Access funding provided by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Deposited in PMC for immediate release. article_number: dev202891 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Daniela full_name: Cecalev, Daniela last_name: Cecalev - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Rafael full_name: Galupa, Rafael last_name: Galupa citation: ama: Cecalev D, Vicoso B, Galupa R. Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. Development. 2024;151(15). doi:10.1242/dev.202891 apa: Cecalev, D., Vicoso, B., & Galupa, R. (2024). Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. Development. The Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891 chicago: Cecalev, Daniela, Beatriz Vicoso, and Rafael Galupa. “Compensation of Gene Dosage on the Mammalian X.” Development. The Company of Biologists, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891. ieee: D. Cecalev, B. Vicoso, and R. Galupa, “Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X,” Development, vol. 151, no. 15. The Company of Biologists, 2024. ista: Cecalev D, Vicoso B, Galupa R. 2024. Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. Development. 151(15), dev202891. mla: Cecalev, Daniela, et al. “Compensation of Gene Dosage on the Mammalian X.” Development, vol. 151, no. 15, dev202891, The Company of Biologists, 2024, doi:10.1242/dev.202891. short: D. Cecalev, B. Vicoso, R. Galupa, Development 151 (2024). date_created: 2024-08-25T22:01:07Z date_published: 2024-08-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T08:58:58Z day: '14' ddc: - '599' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1242/dev.202891 external_id: isi: - '001292608800003' pmid: - '39140247' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 5e428bda0440d3f957c694b315a8f2a9 content_type: application/pdf creator: cchlebak date_created: 2024-08-28T10:32:16Z date_updated: 2024-08-28T10:32:16Z file_id: '17464' file_name: 2024_Development_Cecalev.pdf file_size: 2085135 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-08-28T10:32:16Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 151' isi: 1 issue: '15' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: eissn: - 1477-9129 issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: The Company of Biologists quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 151 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '17362' abstract: - lang: eng text: This is the supplementary data for the paper titled "Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome", where we described the generation and analysis of single-nucleus expression and chromatin-accessibility data from the female reproductive system of Artemia franciscana. We compared our dataset to the published Drosophila single-nucleus data (over 400 million years of divergence) and highlighted the extreme conservation of several of the molecular pathways of oogenesis and meiosis. We found evidence of global transcriptional quiescence and chromatin condensation in late germ cells, highlighting the conserved role of this repressive stage in arthropod oogenesis. Additionally, we explored the expression patterns of the ZW sex chromosomes during oogenesis. Our data shows that the Z-chromosome is consistently downregulated in germline cells. While this is partly driven by a lack of dosage compensation in the germline, a subset of cells show stronger repression of the Z chromosome. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Marwan N full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425 last_name: Elkrewi orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: 'Elkrewi MN, Vicoso B. Data for: “Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome.” 2024. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362' apa: 'Elkrewi, M. N., & Vicoso, B. (2024). Data for: “Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362' chicago: 'Elkrewi, Marwan N, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Data for: ‘Single-Nucleus Atlas of the Artemia Female Reproductive System Suggests Germline Repression of the Z Chromosome.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362.' ieee: 'M. N. Elkrewi and B. Vicoso, “Data for: ‘Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.' ista: 'Elkrewi MN, Vicoso B. 2024. Data for: ‘Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362.' mla: 'Elkrewi, Marwan N., and Beatriz Vicoso. Data for: “Single-Nucleus Atlas of the Artemia Female Reproductive System Suggests Germline Repression of the Z Chromosome.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362.' short: M.N. Elkrewi, B. Vicoso, (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-08-02T07:27:45Z date_published: 2024-08-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-16T12:20:41Z day: '05' ddc: - '576' department: - _id: GradSch - _id: BeVi doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:17362 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 26b5d41b3103f4284dd97d56e370a5b6 content_type: text/plain creator: melkrewi date_created: 2024-08-05T22:24:18Z date_updated: 2024-08-05T22:24:18Z file_id: '17394' file_name: README.txt file_size: 2465 relation: main_file success: 1 - access_level: open_access checksum: 95adab5e36148015da313505e3910707 content_type: application/x-zip-compressed creator: melkrewi date_created: 2024-08-05T23:28:52Z date_updated: 2024-08-05T23:28:52Z file_id: '17395' file_name: Data_artemia_single_nucleus_atlas.zip file_size: 2526735400 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-08-05T23:28:52Z has_accepted_license: '1' month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396 grant_number: F8810 name: The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '17890' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: 'Data for: "Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome"' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: repository _id: '18549' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Sex-linked and autosomal loci experience different selective pressures and\r\nevolutionary dynamics. X (or Z) chromosomes are often hemizygous, as Y (or W)\r\nchromosomes often degenerate. Such hemizygous regions can be under greater\r\nefficacy of selection, as recessive mutations are immediately exposed to selection in\r\nthe heterogametic sex (the so-called Faster-X or Faster-Z effect). However, in young\r\nnon-recombining regions, Y/W chromosomes often have many functional genes, and\r\nmany X/Z-linked loci are therefore diploid. The sheltering of recessive mutations on\r\nthe X/Z by the Y/W homolog is expected to drive a Slower-X (Slower-Z) effect for\r\ndiploid X/Z loci, i.e. a reduction in the efficacy of selection. While the Faster-X effect\r\nhas been studied extensively, much less is known empirically about the evolutionary\r\ndynamics of diploid X or Z chromosomes. Here, we took advantage of published\r\npopulation genomic data in the female-heterogametic human parasite Schistosoma\r\njaponicum to characterize the gene content and diversity levels of the diploid and\r\nhemizygous regions of the Z chromosome. We used different metrics of selective\r\npressures acting on genes to test for differences in the efficacy of selection in\r\nhemizygous and diploid Z regions, relative to autosomes. We found consistent\r\npatterns suggesting reduced Ne, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection, on both\r\nhemizygous and diploid Z regions. Moreover, relaxed selection was particularly\r\npronounced for female-biased genes on the diploid Z, as predicted by Slower-Z\r\ntheory.\r\n" article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Mrnjavac, Andrea id: 353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425 last_name: Mrnjavac - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. Evidence of a Slower-Z effect in Schistosoma japonicum. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601697 apa: Mrnjavac, A., & Vicoso, B. (n.d.). Evidence of a Slower-Z effect in Schistosoma japonicum. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.02.601697 chicago: Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Evidence of a Slower-Z Effect in Schistosoma Japonicum.” BioRxiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.02.601697. ieee: A. Mrnjavac and B. Vicoso, “Evidence of a Slower-Z effect in Schistosoma japonicum,” bioRxiv. . ista: Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. Evidence of a Slower-Z effect in Schistosoma japonicum. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2024.07.02.601697. mla: Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Evidence of a Slower-Z Effect in Schistosoma Japonicum.” BioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601697. short: A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, BioRxiv (n.d.). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-11-13T09:12:08Z date_published: 2024-07-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T22:30:22Z day: '04' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601697 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.02.601697 month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: bioRxiv publication_status: draft related_material: record: - id: '19370' relation: later_version status: public - id: '18531' relation: dissertation_contains status: public status: public title: Evidence of a Slower-Z effect in Schistosoma japonicum tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: preprint user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2024' ... --- APC_amount: 3145,39 EUR DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '17890' abstract: - lang: eng text: Our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate oogenesis and define cellular identity in the Arthropod female reproductive system and the extent of their conservation is currently very limited. This is due to the focus on model systems, including Drosophila and Daphnia, which do not reflect the observed diversity of morphologies, reproductive modes, and sex chromosome systems. We use single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing to produce a comprehensive single nucleus atlas of the adult Artemia franciscana female reproductive system. We map our data to the Fly Cell Atlas single-nucleus dataset of the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, shedding light on the conserved regulatory programs between the two distantly related Arthropod species. We identify the major cell types known to be present in the Artemia ovary, including germ cells, follicle cells, and ovarian muscle cells. Additionally, we use the germ cells to explore gene regulation and expression of the Z chromosome during meiosis, highlighting its unique regulatory dynamics and allowing us to explore the presence of meiotic sex chromosome silencing in this group. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "We thank the Vicoso group for their valuable comments on the earlier draft of the manuscript. We would also like to thank the Vienna BioCenter Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) facility staff, and in particular, Thomas Grentzinger for his support with the handling and sequencing of the samples, the scientific computing unit at ISTA for the computational resources, Brittney Wick for the help with hosting our data on the UCSC Cell Browser, and Lora B. Sweeney for her valuable input at the different stages of the project.\r\nThis research was funded by the Austrian science fund (FWF), as part of the SFB Meiosis consortium https://sfbmeiosis.org/, grant ID FWF SFB F88-10) to BV. " article_number: e1011376 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Marwan N full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425 last_name: Elkrewi orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Elkrewi MN, Vicoso B. Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome. PLoS Genetics. 2024;20(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011376 apa: Elkrewi, M. N., & Vicoso, B. (2024). Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome. PLoS Genetics. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011376 chicago: Elkrewi, Marwan N, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Single-Nucleus Atlas of the Artemia Female Reproductive System Suggests Germline Repression of the Z Chromosome.” PLoS Genetics. Public Library of Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011376. ieee: M. N. Elkrewi and B. Vicoso, “Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome,” PLoS Genetics, vol. 20, no. 8. Public Library of Science, 2024. ista: Elkrewi MN, Vicoso B. 2024. Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome. PLoS Genetics. 20(8), e1011376. mla: Elkrewi, Marwan N., and Beatriz Vicoso. “Single-Nucleus Atlas of the Artemia Female Reproductive System Suggests Germline Repression of the Z Chromosome.” PLoS Genetics, vol. 20, no. 8, e1011376, Public Library of Science, 2024, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011376. short: M.N. Elkrewi, B. Vicoso, PLoS Genetics 20 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-09-08T22:01:11Z date_published: 2024-08-30T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T22:31:07Z day: '30' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011376 external_id: isi: - '001304090200001' pmid: - '39213449' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: f5d96b9af57126fc1063e951440477d6 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-09-11T07:54:12Z date_updated: 2024-09-11T07:54:12Z file_id: '18056' file_name: 2024_PloSGenetics_Elkrewi.pdf file_size: 8962687 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-09-11T07:54:12Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 20' isi: 1 issue: '8' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1 call_identifier: FWF name: FWF Open Access Fund - _id: 34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396 grant_number: F8810 name: The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction publication: PLoS Genetics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1553-7404 issn: - 1553-7390 publication_status: published publisher: Public Library of Science quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/Melkrewi/Artemia-snRNAseq-Project record: - id: '17362' relation: research_data status: public - id: '19386' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Single-nucleus atlas of the Artemia female reproductive system suggests germline repression of the Z chromosome tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 20 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '15009' abstract: - lang: eng text: Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s, this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination, is still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake, United States. The genome is 1 GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into 21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally, we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found further evidence for dosage compensation in this species. article_number: evae006 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Vincent K full_name: Bett, Vincent K id: 57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425 last_name: Bett - first_name: Ariana full_name: Macon, Ariana id: 2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Macon - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Marwan N full_name: Elkrewi, Marwan N id: 0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425 last_name: Elkrewi orcid: 0000-0002-5328-7231 citation: ama: Bett VK, Macon A, Vicoso B, Elkrewi MN. Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2024;16(1). doi:10.1093/gbe/evae006 apa: Bett, V. K., Macon, A., Vicoso, B., & Elkrewi, M. N. (2024). Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006 chicago: Bett, Vincent K, Ariana Macon, Beatriz Vicoso, and Marwan N Elkrewi. “Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana Sheds Light on Sex Chromosome Differentiation.” Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006. ieee: V. K. Bett, A. Macon, B. Vicoso, and M. N. Elkrewi, “Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation,” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2024. ista: Bett VK, Macon A, Vicoso B, Elkrewi MN. 2024. Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. Genome Biology and Evolution. 16(1), evae006. mla: Bett, Vincent K., et al. “Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana Sheds Light on Sex Chromosome Differentiation.” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 1, evae006, Oxford University Press, 2024, doi:10.1093/gbe/evae006. short: V.K. Bett, A. Macon, B. Vicoso, M.N. Elkrewi, Genome Biology and Evolution 16 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-02-18T23:01:02Z date_published: 2024-01-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T22:31:07Z day: '20' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/gbe/evae006 external_id: isi: - '001153952800001' pmid: - '38245839' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 106a40f10443b2e7ba66749844ebbdf1 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-02-26T09:54:59Z date_updated: 2024-02-26T09:54:59Z file_id: '15029' file_name: 2024_GBE_Bett.pdf file_size: 5213306 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-02-26T09:54:59Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 16' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Genome Biology and Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1759-6653 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '14705' relation: research_data status: public - id: '20444' relation: dissertation_contains status: private - id: '20449' relation: dissertation_contains status: public - id: '19386' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 16 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '14604' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times, but why some are conserved for more than 100 million years whereas others turnover rapidly remains an open question. Here, we examine the homology of sex chromosomes across nine orders of insects, plus the outgroup springtails. We find that the X chromosome is likely homologous across insects and springtails; the only exception is in the Lepidoptera, which has lost the X and now has a ZZ/ZW sex-chromosome system. These results suggest the ancestral insect X chromosome has persisted for more than 450 million years—the oldest known sex chromosome to date. Further, we propose that the shrinking of gene content the dipteran X chromosome has allowed for a burst of sex-chromosome turnover that is absent from other speciose insect orders. acknowledgement: All computational analyses were performed on the server at Institute of Science and Technology Austria. We thank Marwan Elkrewi and Vincent Bett for analytical advice, and Tanja Schwander and Vincent Merel for useful discussions. We also thank Matthew Hahn for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Toups MA, Vicoso B. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. Evolution. 2023;77(11):2504-2511. doi:10.1093/evolut/qpad169 apa: Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2023). The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169 chicago: Toups, Melissa A, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta.” Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169. ieee: M. A. Toups and B. Vicoso, “The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta,” Evolution, vol. 77, no. 11. Oxford University Press, pp. 2504–2511, 2023. ista: Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2023. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. Evolution. 77(11), 2504–2511. mla: Toups, Melissa A., and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta.” Evolution, vol. 77, no. 11, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2504–11, doi:10.1093/evolut/qpad169. short: M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, Evolution 77 (2023) 2504–2511. date_created: 2023-11-26T23:00:54Z date_published: 2023-11-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:32:06Z day: '02' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpad169 external_id: isi: - '001170341900014' pmid: - '37738212' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: b66dc10edae92d38918d534e64dda77c content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2023-11-28T08:12:15Z date_updated: 2023-11-28T08:12:15Z file_id: '14618' file_name: 2023_Evolution_Toups.pdf file_size: 1399102 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-11-28T08:12:15Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 77' isi: 1 issue: '11' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2504-2511 pmid: 1 publication: Evolution publication_identifier: eissn: - 1558-5646 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://git.ista.ac.at/bvicoso/veryoldx record: - id: '14616' relation: research_data status: public - id: '14617' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 77 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14616' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times, but why some are conserved for more than 100 million years whereas others turnover rapidly remains an open question. Here, we examine the homology of sex chromosomes across nine orders of insects, plus the outgroup springtails. We find that the X chromosome is likely homologous across insects and springtails; the only exception is in the Lepidoptera, which has lost the X and now has a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. These results suggest the ancestral insect X chromosome has persisted for more than 450 million years – the oldest known sex chromosome to date. Further, we propose that the shrinking of gene content of the Dipteran X chromosome has allowed for a burst of sex-chromosome turnover that is absent from other speciose insect orders. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Melissa A full_name: Toups, Melissa A id: 4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Toups orcid: 0000-0002-9752-7380 - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 citation: ama: Toups MA, Vicoso B. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of Class Insecta. 2023. doi:10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT apa: Toups, M. A., & Vicoso, B. (2023). The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of Class Insecta. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT chicago: Toups, Melissa A, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta.” Dryad, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT. ieee: M. A. Toups and B. Vicoso, “The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of Class Insecta.” Dryad, 2023. ista: Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2023. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of Class Insecta, Dryad, 10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT. mla: Toups, Melissa A., and Beatriz Vicoso. The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta. Dryad, 2023, doi:10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT. short: M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2023). date_created: 2023-11-28T08:01:53Z date_published: 2023-09-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:32:05Z day: '15' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: BeVi doi: 10.5061/DRYAD.HX3FFBGKT has_accepted_license: '1' main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkt month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Dryad related_material: record: - id: '14604' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of Class Insecta tmp: image: /images/cc_0.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) short: CC0 (1.0) type: research_data_reference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2023' ...