[{"file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_size":12667200,"date_created":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z","file_id":"20237","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_Sobarzo_JuanCarlos_Thesis.pdf","date_updated":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z","checksum":"661b9d3786cfc985be811befc3262bf5","creator":"jsobarzo","content_type":"application/pdf"},{"date_updated":"2025-08-28T08:19:07Z","file_name":"2025_Sobarzo_JuanCarlos_Thesis.zip","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","checksum":"ca2f24e6c3b55912982521707552a0f5","creator":"jsobarzo","file_size":18940521,"relation":"source_file","file_id":"20238","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z"}],"ddc":["530"],"month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","type":"dissertation","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","degree_awarded":"PhD","corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"OA_place":"publisher","project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12109","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"15322"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"19278","status":"public"}]},"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","acknowledgement":"The project in Chapter 2 has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120).\r\nThe project in Chapter 3 has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120).\r\nThe project in Chapter 4 has received financing from the European Research Council grant\r\nagreement No. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogramme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by\r\nthe FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state\r\nof Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F542638/004-2021.\r\n","date_created":"2025-08-21T11:42:59Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2025-08-28T08:19:07Z","citation":{"ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, “Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A. <i>Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203</a>.","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A. (2025). <i>Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203</a>","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA. Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203</a>","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA. 2025. Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A. “Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203</a>."},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"doi_confirm":"1","year":"2025","_id":"20203","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-062-6"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","first_name":"Juan Carlos A"}],"title":"Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges","page":"96","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Tribocharging, or contact electrification, is the phenomenon in which two initially neutral materials exchange electric charge through contact and subsequent separation. While it is widely observed in everyday life and crucial to numerous natural processes, even the most basic aspects of tribocharging are still a mystery—what are the charge carriers involved and what drives their exchange? This work spans three separate projects that address different aspects of tribocharging. First, we introduce a novel strategy combining Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) to quantitatively extract surface charge density from surface voltage maps. Second, we present a simple theoretical model that allows for the existence of triboelectric cycles, under the assumption that multiple charge carrying species are involved. Third, we present experimental evidence that identical materials can spontaneously evolve into a triboelectric series, driven by contact history. Modeling this behavior enables the replication of experimental results with simulations, and even experimentally forcing the appearance of a pre-designed series by manipulating contact history. Together, the findings from these projects challenge traditional views on tribocharging, provide new tools for probing it, and open up new avenues of research—all with the hopes of bringing us closer to understanding this puzzling phenomenon."}],"supervisor":[{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_updated":"2026-07-29T13:11:25Z","day":"27","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","ec_funded":1},{"file":[{"date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","file_name":"2025_Nature_Sobarzo.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"fecf302274dd3218d3e7dd22f39a6c0c","creator":"dernst","file_size":3807415,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"19289","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z"}],"ddc":["530"],"OA_type":"hybrid","quality_controlled":"1","month":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":638,"external_id":{"isi":["001428076100015"],"pmid":["39972227"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       638","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"corr_author":"1","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"OA_place":"publisher","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20203","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"status":"public","id":"22684","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/an-electrifying-turn-in-an-age-old-quest/","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"This project has received financing from the European Research Council grant agreement no. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by the FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility, Electron Microscopy Facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank J. Garcia-Suarez and G. Anciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density. We thank I.-M. Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","date_created":"2025-03-02T23:01:52Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","isi":1,"article_type":"original","issue":"8051","file_date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","citation":{"short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, T. Costanzo, M. Sauer, A. Foelske, M. Ostermann, C.M. Pichler, Y. Wang, Y. Nagata, M. Bonn, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 638 (2025).","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, Felix Pertl, Daniel Balazs, Tommaso Costanzo, Markus Sauer, Annette Foelske, Markus Ostermann, et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, et al. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;638(8051). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051, 664–669, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Pertl, F., Balazs, D., Costanzo, T., Sauer, M., Foelske, A., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, Costanzo T, Sauer M, Foelske A, Ostermann M, Pichler CM, Wang Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 638(8051), 664–669.","ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce <i>et al.</i>, “Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051. Springer Nature, 2025."},"oa":1,"article_number":"664-669","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"_id":"19278","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it."}],"author":[{"id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","first_name":"Juan Carlos A","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A"},{"full_name":"Pertl, Felix","last_name":"Pertl","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","first_name":"Felix","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af"},{"full_name":"Balazs, Daniel","last_name":"Balazs","orcid":"0000-0001-7597-043X","first_name":"Daniel","id":"302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E"},{"last_name":"Costanzo","full_name":"Costanzo, Tommaso","first_name":"Tommaso","id":"D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-9732-3815"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Sauer, Markus","last_name":"Sauer"},{"first_name":"Annette","full_name":"Foelske, Annette","last_name":"Foelske"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Ostermann, Markus","last_name":"Ostermann"},{"full_name":"Pichler, Christian M.","last_name":"Pichler","first_name":"Christian M."},{"full_name":"Wang, Yongkang","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Yongkang"},{"first_name":"Yuki","last_name":"Nagata","full_name":"Nagata, Yuki"},{"last_name":"Bonn","full_name":"Bonn, Mischa","first_name":"Mischa"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"title":"Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series","publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:43Z","ec_funded":1,"day":"20","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","publication_status":"published"},{"publication_status":"published","day":"29","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2026-07-29T13:11:24Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of “triboelectric cycles,” i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification."}],"author":[{"first_name":"Juan Carlos A","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication":"Physical Review E","title":"Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2470-0045"],"eissn":["2470-0053"]},"_id":"15322","year":"2024","citation":{"ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 2024;109(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108\">10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108</a>","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108</a>","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 109, no. 3, L032108, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108\">10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108</a>.","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. 109(3), L032108.","ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 109, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2024.","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108</a>.","short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 109 (2024)."},"article_number":"L032108","issue":"3","article_type":"letter_note","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","isi":1,"publisher":"American Physical Society","date_created":"2024-04-14T22:01:03Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20203"}]},"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"corr_author":"1","oa_version":"None","intvolume":"       109","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["001199745200004"],"pmid":["38632754"]},"volume":109,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"03","quality_controlled":"1"},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine\r\nShop, the Nanofabrication Facility, and the Scientific Computing Facility. We thank F. Stumpf from Park Systems for useful discussions and support with scanning probe microscopy.\r\nF.P. and J.C.S. contributed equally to this work.","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","date_created":"2023-01-08T23:00:53Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","isi":1,"article_type":"original","issue":"12","citation":{"ista":"Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2022. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. Physical Review Materials. 6(12), 125605.","ama":"Pertl F, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Shafeek LB, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. 2022;6(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>","apa":"Pertl, F., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Shafeek, L. B., Cramer, T., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2022). Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>","mla":"Pertl, Felix, et al. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 6, no. 12, 125605, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>.","ieee":"F. Pertl, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, L. B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach,” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 6, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2022.","chicago":"Pertl, Felix, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, Lubuna B Shafeek, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantifying Nanoscale Charge Density Features of Contact-Charged Surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-Hybrid Approach.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605</a>.","short":"F. Pertl, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, L.B. Shafeek, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 6 (2022)."},"oa":1,"article_number":"125605","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2475-9953"]},"_id":"12109","year":"2022","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful tool for studying contact electrification (CE) at the nanoscale, but converting KPFM voltage maps to charge density maps is nontrivial due to long-range forces and complex system geometry. Here we present a strategy using finite-element method (FEM) simulations to determine the Green's function of the KPFM probe/insulator/ground system, which allows us to quantitatively extract surface charge. Testing our approach with synthetic data, we find that accounting for the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, cone, and cantilever is necessary to recover a known input and that existing methods lead to gross miscalculation or even the incorrect sign of the underlying charge. Applying it to experimental data, we demonstrate its capacity to extract realistic surface charge densities and fine details from contact-charged surfaces. Our method gives a straightforward recipe to convert qualitative KPFM voltage data into quantitative charge data over a range of experimental conditions, enabling quantitative CE at the nanoscale."}],"author":[{"id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","last_name":"Pertl","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","first_name":"Juan Carlos A","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A"},{"full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","last_name":"Shafeek","first_name":"Lubuna B","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Cramer, Tobias","last_name":"Cramer"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"title":"Quantifying nanoscale charge density features of contact-charged surfaces with an FEM/KPFM-hybrid approach","publication":"Physical Review Materials","date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:43Z","arxiv":1,"ec_funded":1,"day":"29","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.01889","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000908384800001"],"arxiv":["2209.01889"]},"volume":6,"oa_version":"Preprint","date_published":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"         6","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"corr_author":"1","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20203","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22684","status":"public"}]},"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.125605","scopus_import":"1"},{"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Philip Born, Bartosz Grzybowski, Tarik Baytekin, and Bilge Baytekin for helpful discussions.\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411.","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","date_created":"2020-07-07T11:33:54Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","isi":1,"article_type":"original","issue":"8","file_date_updated":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z","citation":{"short":"G.M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Materials 4 (2020).","chicago":"Grosjean, Galien M, Sebastian Wald, Juan Carlos A Sobarzo Ponce, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>.","apa":"Grosjean, G. M., Wald, S., Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2020). Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>","mla":"Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Quantitatively Consistent Scale-Spanning Model for Same-Material Tribocharging.” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 8, 082602, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>.","ama":"Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. <i>Physical Review Materials</i>. 2020;4(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602\">10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602</a>","ista":"Grosjean GM, Wald S, Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2020. Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. Physical Review Materials. 4(8), 082602.","ieee":"G. M. Grosjean, S. Wald, J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging,” <i>Physical Review Materials</i>, vol. 4, no. 8. American Physical Society, 2020."},"oa":1,"article_number":"082602","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2475-9953"]},"year":"2020","_id":"8101","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature."}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","first_name":"Galien M","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M","last_name":"Grosjean"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425","last_name":"Wald","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","first_name":"Juan Carlos A","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"title":"Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging","publication":"Physical Review Materials","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2025-04-23T08:51:12Z","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"17","publication_status":"published","file":[{"date_created":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z","success":1,"file_id":"8277","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":853753,"checksum":"288fef1eeb6540c6344bb8f7c8159dc9","creator":"ggrosjea","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Grosjean2020.pdf","date_updated":"2020-08-17T15:54:20Z"}],"ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["electric charge","tribocharging","soft matter","granular materials","polymers"],"volume":4,"external_id":{"isi":["000561897000001"],"arxiv":["2006.07120"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"         4","corr_author":"1","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"12697","relation":"popular_science"}]},"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602","scopus_import":"1"}]