[{"file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"26905c22bca417198a733d792d8ce422","file_id":"20507","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":18507283,"date_updated":"2026-06-01T22:30:04Z","creator":"vbett","file_name":"2025_Bett_Vincent_Thesis.pdf","embargo":"2026-06-01","date_created":"2025-10-20T13:32:29Z"},{"date_updated":"2026-06-01T22:30:04Z","creator":"vbett","date_created":"2025-10-20T13:35:34Z","file_name":"2025_Bett_Vincent_Thesis.docx","relation":"source_file","checksum":"6a09a8d126d3628bfd8a35202735f267","file_id":"20508","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","embargo_to":"open_access","file_size":17163921,"access_level":"closed"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Vicoso","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306"}],"_id":"20449","project":[{"_id":"8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b","name":"Sex chromosomes in evolution and development","grant_number":"PAT 8748323"},{"grant_number":"F8810","name":"The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction","_id":"34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449","date_created":"2025-10-11T08:18:51Z","author":[{"id":"57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425","full_name":"Bett, Vincent K","last_name":"Bett","first_name":"Vincent K"}],"type":"dissertation","day":"10","OA_place":"publisher","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"10","date_published":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"year":"2025","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"abstract":[{"text":"Males and females of many  species differ in morphology, physiology, and behavior. In taxa\r\nwith genetic sex determination, sexual differentiation arises largely from sex-biased gene\r\nexpression, which varies across tissues, developmental stages, and lineages. Increasing\r\nevidence highlights chromatin configuration, which can exist in open or closed states, and can\r\nbe shaped by sex-determination path ways, as a key regulatory layer of this dimorphism.\r\nDegeneration of the Y or W chromosome further contributes to sex -specific differences by\r\naltering gene copy numbers relative to autosomes in heterogametic sex. To mitigate these\r\nimbalances, many eukaryotes have independently evolved dosage compensation mechanisms,\r\noften mediated through chromatin -level regulation. In this thesis, we investigate the\r\nevolutionary dynamics of sex chromosome differentiation in two species, Artemia franciscana\r\nand Cameraria  ohridella , with a particular focus on the extent of dosage compensation\r\nfollowing gene loss in the heterogametic sex and the potential chromatin-based mechanisms\r\nunderlying this process. We further characterize sex -biased gene expression and its regulation\r\nthrough histone modifications. Our analyses also reveal that the A. franciscana genome is\r\nhighly repetitive, with many genes containing intronic transposable elements. We find that\r\nenrichment of histonemo difications associated with constitutive heterochromatin, positively\r\ncorrelates with variation in gene expression levels. Collectively, these findings underscore role\r\nof chromatin regulation in shaping the evolution of sex chromosomes and sexual\r\ndifferentiation. ","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"19735"},{"status":"public","id":"15009","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"file_date_updated":"2026-06-01T22:30:04Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-12T08:32:16Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grants PAT8748323\r\nand SFB F88-10 awarded to Professor Beatriz Vicoso.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"title":"Evolution and regulation of the Z chromosome","article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["576"],"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeVi"}],"status":"public","degree_awarded":"PhD","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"citation":{"short":"V.K. Bett, Evolution and Regulation of the Z Chromosome, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","mla":"Bett, Vincent K. <i>Evolution and Regulation of the Z Chromosome</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449</a>.","ista":"Bett VK. 2025. Evolution and regulation of the Z chromosome. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Bett, Vincent K. “Evolution and Regulation of the Z Chromosome.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449</a>.","ieee":"V. K. Bett, “Evolution and regulation of the Z chromosome,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ama":"Bett VK. Evolution and regulation of the Z chromosome. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449</a>","apa":"Bett, V. K. (2025). <i>Evolution and regulation of the Z chromosome</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20449</a>"},"page":"114"},{"publication":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","citation":{"ama":"Bett VK, Trejo Arellano MS, Vicoso B. Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. 2025;42(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085\">10.1093/molbev/msaf085</a>","apa":"Bett, V. K., Trejo Arellano, M. S., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2025). Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085\">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085</a>","ieee":"V. K. Bett, M. S. Trejo Arellano, and B. Vicoso, “Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana,” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 42, no. 5. Oxford University Press, 2025.","short":"V.K. Bett, M.S. Trejo Arellano, B. Vicoso, Molecular Biology and Evolution 42 (2025).","chicago":"Bett, Vincent K, Minerva S Trejo Arellano, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Chromatin Landscape Is Associated with Sex-Biased Expression and Drosophila-like Dosage Compensation of the Z Chromosome in Artemia Franciscana.” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085\">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085</a>.","mla":"Bett, Vincent K., et al. “Chromatin Landscape Is Associated with Sex-Biased Expression and Drosophila-like Dosage Compensation of the Z Chromosome in Artemia Franciscana.” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 42, no. 5, msaf085, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf085\">10.1093/molbev/msaf085</a>.","ista":"Bett VK, Trejo Arellano MS, Vicoso B. 2025. Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 42(5), msaf085."},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"scopus_import":"1","isi":1,"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"},{"_id":"DaZi"}],"pmid":1,"issue":"5","ddc":["570"],"corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","article_number":"msaf085","title":"Chromatin landscape is associated with sex-biased expression and Drosophila-like dosage compensation of the Z chromosome in Artemia franciscana","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1537-1719"],"issn":["0737-4038"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the Vicoso lab for their help in maintaining Artemia and for their valuable feedback and suggestions. We thank Marwan Elkrewi for his useful technical advice and discussions. We are also grateful to the Scientific Unit at ISTA Austria for computational resources and assistance. This work was supported by Austrian science fund (FWF) grants PAT8748323 and SFB F88-10 (as part of the SFB Meiosis consortium https://sfbmeiosis.org) to BV and Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant number 2020-06424) to MSTA.","date_updated":"2026-08-27T22:30:50Z","OA_type":"gold","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-05-28T09:34:36Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20449","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"deleted","id":"20444"}],"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/vkb25/Chromatin-landscape-in-Artemia-franciscana.git","relation":"software"}]},"article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The males and females of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are highly dimorphic, and this dimorphism is associated with substantial sex-biased gene expression in heads and gonads. How these sex-specific patterns of expression are regulated at the molecular level is unknown. A. franciscana also has differentiated ZW sex chromosomes, with complete dosage compensation, but the molecular mechanism through which compensation is achieved is unknown. Here, we conducted CUT&TAG assays targeting 7 post-translational histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H4K16ac) in heads and gonads of A. franciscana, allowing us to divide the genome into 12 chromatin states. We further defined functional chromatin signatures for all genes, which were correlated with transcript level abundances. Differences in the occupancy of the profiled epigenetic marks between sexes were associated with differential gene expression between males and females. Finally, we found a significant enrichment of the permissive H4K16ac histone mark in the Z-specific region in both tissues of females but not males, supporting the role of this histone mark in mediating dosage compensation of the Z chromosome."}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","oa":1,"year":"2025","volume":42,"date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","month":"05","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["40202086"],"isi":["001483460200001"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"        42","date_created":"2025-05-25T22:16:56Z","author":[{"first_name":"Vincent K","last_name":"Bett","id":"57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425","full_name":"Bett, Vincent K"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1982-3475","id":"2b681148-eed5-11eb-b81b-ae229e8620f8","full_name":"Trejo Arellano, Minerva S","last_name":"Trejo Arellano","first_name":"Minerva S"},{"last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"PAT 8748323","_id":"8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b","name":"Sex chromosomes in evolution and development"},{"name":"The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction","_id":"34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396","grant_number":"F8810"}],"doi":"10.1093/molbev/msaf085","_id":"19735","publisher":"Oxford University Press","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-05-28T09:34:36Z","file_name":"2025_MBE_Bett.pdf","date_created":"2025-05-28T09:34:36Z","creator":"dernst","success":1,"checksum":"6c14b03f94b4aadf8869be2c4366d077","relation":"main_file","file_id":"19756","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":1282772}]},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Since the commercialization of brine shrimp (genus Artemia) in the 1950s, this lineage, and in particular the model species Artemia franciscana, has been the subject of extensive research. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of their reproductive biology, including sex determination, is still lacking. This is partly due to the scarcity of genomic resources for Artemia species and crustaceans in general. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. franciscana (Kellogg 1906), from the Great Salt Lake, United States. The genome is 1 GB, and the majority of the genome (81%) is scaffolded into 21 linkage groups using a previously published high-density linkage map. We performed coverage and FST analyses using male and female genomic and transcriptomic reads to quantify the extent of differentiation between the Z and W chromosomes. Additionally, we quantified the expression levels in male and female heads and gonads and found further evidence for dosage compensation in this species."}],"publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"14705"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"19386"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20449","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"deleted","id":"20444"}]},"file_date_updated":"2024-02-26T09:54:59Z","date_published":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","volume":16,"year":"2024","oa":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"01","day":"20","OA_place":"publisher","oa_version":"Published Version","external_id":{"isi":["001153952800001"],"pmid":["38245839"]},"intvolume":"        16","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evae006","date_created":"2024-02-18T23:01:02Z","author":[{"last_name":"Bett","first_name":"Vincent K","id":"57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425","full_name":"Bett, Vincent K"},{"first_name":"Ariana","last_name":"Macon","full_name":"Macon, Ariana","id":"2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"},{"last_name":"Elkrewi","first_name":"Marwan N","orcid":"0000-0002-5328-7231","full_name":"Elkrewi, Marwan N","id":"0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","_id":"15009","file":[{"date_updated":"2024-02-26T09:54:59Z","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-02-26T09:54:59Z","file_name":"2024_GBE_Bett.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":5213306,"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file","checksum":"106a40f10443b2e7ba66749844ebbdf1","file_id":"15029"}],"isi":1,"scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ista":"Bett VK, Macon A, Vicoso B, Elkrewi MN. 2024. Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. Genome Biology and Evolution. 16(1), evae006.","mla":"Bett, Vincent K., et al. “Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana Sheds Light on Sex Chromosome Differentiation.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 16, no. 1, evae006, Oxford University Press, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006\">10.1093/gbe/evae006</a>.","chicago":"Bett, Vincent K, Ariana Macon, Beatriz Vicoso, and Marwan N Elkrewi. “Chromosome-Level Assembly of Artemia Franciscana Sheds Light on Sex Chromosome Differentiation.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006</a>.","short":"V.K. Bett, A. Macon, B. Vicoso, M.N. Elkrewi, Genome Biology and Evolution 16 (2024).","ieee":"V. K. Bett, A. Macon, B. Vicoso, and M. N. Elkrewi, “Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation,” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 16, no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2024.","apa":"Bett, V. K., Macon, A., Vicoso, B., &#38; Elkrewi, M. N. (2024). Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006</a>","ama":"Bett VK, Macon A, Vicoso B, Elkrewi MN. Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. 2024;16(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae006\">10.1093/gbe/evae006</a>"},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publication":"Genome Biology and Evolution","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"pmid":1,"ddc":["570"],"corr_author":"1","issue":"1","article_number":"evae006","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_updated":"2026-08-27T22:30:50Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1759-6653"]},"title":"Chromosome-level assembly of Artemia franciscana sheds light on sex chromosome differentiation","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"oa_version":"Published Version","external_id":{"isi":["000850270300001"],"pmid":["35977389"]},"ec_funded":1,"day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"10","date_published":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","volume":222,"year":"2022","oa":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"11653","relation":"research_data"},{"status":"public","id":"19386","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"file_date_updated":"2023-01-30T08:59:58Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Eurasian brine shrimp (genus Artemia) have closely related sexual and asexual lineages of parthenogenetic females, which produce rare males at low frequencies. Although they are known to have ZW chromosomes, these are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether they are shared across the clade. Furthermore, the underlying genetic architecture of the transmission of asexuality, which can occur when rare males mate with closely related sexual females, is not well understood. We produced a chromosome-level assembly for the sexual Eurasian species Artemia sinica and characterized in detail the pair of sex chromosomes of this species. We combined this new assembly with short-read genomic data for the sexual species Artemia sp. Kazakhstan and several asexual lineages of Artemia parthenogenetica, allowing us to perform an in-depth characterization of sex-chromosome evolution across the genus. We identified a small differentiated region of the ZW pair that is shared by all sexual and asexual lineages, supporting the shared ancestry of the sex chromosomes. We also inferred that recombination suppression has spread to larger sections of the chromosome independently in the American and Eurasian lineages. Finally, we took advantage of a rare male, which we backcrossed to sexual females, to explore the genetic basis of asexuality. Our results suggest that parthenogenesis is likely partly controlled by a locus on the Z chromosome, highlighting the interplay between sex determination and asexuality."}],"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"article_type":"original","file":[{"date_updated":"2023-01-30T08:59:58Z","file_name":"2022_Genetics_Elkrewi.pdf","date_created":"2023-01-30T08:59:58Z","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_size":1347136,"checksum":"f79ff5383e882ea3f95f3da47a78029d","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_id":"12440"}],"_id":"12248","publisher":"Oxford University Press","date_created":"2023-01-16T09:56:10Z","author":[{"id":"0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425","full_name":"Elkrewi, Marwan N","orcid":"0000-0002-5328-7231","first_name":"Marwan N","last_name":"Elkrewi"},{"full_name":"Khauratovich, Uladzislava","id":"5eba06f4-97d8-11ed-9f8f-d826ebdd9434","first_name":"Uladzislava","last_name":"Khauratovich"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9752-7380","id":"4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Toups, Melissa A","last_name":"Toups","first_name":"Melissa A"},{"id":"57854184-AAE0-11E9-8D04-98D6E5697425","full_name":"Bett, Vincent K","last_name":"Bett","first_name":"Vincent K"},{"full_name":"Mrnjavac, Andrea","id":"353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Mrnjavac"},{"last_name":"Macon","first_name":"Ariana","id":"2A0848E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Macon, Ariana"},{"first_name":"Christelle","last_name":"Fraisse","full_name":"Fraisse, Christelle","id":"32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8441-5075"},{"full_name":"Sax, Luca","id":"701c5602-97d8-11ed-96b5-b52773c70189","first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Sax"},{"last_name":"Huylmans","first_name":"Ann K","orcid":"0000-0001-8871-4961","id":"4C0A3874-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Huylmans, Ann K"},{"full_name":"Hontoria, Francisco","last_name":"Hontoria","first_name":"Francisco"},{"last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"}],"doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyac123","project":[{"grant_number":"715257","_id":"250BDE62-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Antagonism on Genome Evolution"},{"name":"The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction","_id":"34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396","grant_number":"F8810"}],"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       222","ddc":["570"],"corr_author":"1","issue":"2","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"pmid":1,"status":"public","keyword":["Genetics"],"citation":{"mla":"Elkrewi, Marwan N., et al. “ZW Sex-Chromosome Evolution and Contagious Parthenogenesis in Artemia Brine Shrimp.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 222, no. 2, iyac123, Oxford University Press, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123\">10.1093/genetics/iyac123</a>.","ista":"Elkrewi MN, Khauratovich U, Toups MA, Bett VK, Mrnjavac A, Macon A, Fraisse C, Sax L, Huylmans AK, Hontoria F, Vicoso B. 2022. ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp. Genetics. 222(2), iyac123.","chicago":"Elkrewi, Marwan N, Uladzislava Khauratovich, Melissa A Toups, Vincent K Bett, Andrea Mrnjavac, Ariana Macon, Christelle Fraisse, et al. “ZW Sex-Chromosome Evolution and Contagious Parthenogenesis in Artemia Brine Shrimp.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123</a>.","short":"M.N. Elkrewi, U. Khauratovich, M.A. Toups, V.K. Bett, A. Mrnjavac, A. Macon, C. Fraisse, L. Sax, A.K. Huylmans, F. Hontoria, B. Vicoso, Genetics 222 (2022).","ieee":"M. N. Elkrewi <i>et al.</i>, “ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 222, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2022.","ama":"Elkrewi MN, Khauratovich U, Toups MA, et al. ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp. <i>Genetics</i>. 2022;222(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123\">10.1093/genetics/iyac123</a>","apa":"Elkrewi, M. N., Khauratovich, U., Toups, M. A., Bett, V. K., Mrnjavac, A., Macon, A., … Vicoso, B. (2022). ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac123</a>"},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publication":"Genetics","isi":1,"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","title":"ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp","date_updated":"2026-08-27T22:30:34Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 715257) and by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF SFB F88-10).\r\nWe thank the Vicoso group for comments on the manuscript and the ISTA Scientific computing team and the Vienna Biocenter Sequencing facility for technical support.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1943-2631"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","article_number":"iyac123"}]