[{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Light-driven molecular rotary motors perform chirality-controlled unidirectional rotations fueled by light and heat. This unique function renders them appealing for the construction of dynamic molecular systems, actuating materials, and molecular machines. Achieving a combination of high photoefficiency, visible-light responsiveness, synthetic accessibility, and easy tuning of dynamic properties within a single scaffold is critical for these applications but remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, a series of highly photoefficient visible-light–responsive molecular motors (MMs), featuring various rotary speeds, was obtained by a convenient one-step formylation of their parent motors. This strategy greatly improves all aspects of the performance of MMs—red-shifted wavelengths of excitation, high photoisomerization quantum yields, and high photostationary state distributions of isomers—beyond the state-of-the-art light-responsive MM systems. The development of this late-stage functionalization strategy of MMs opens avenues for the construction of high-performance molecular machines and devices for applications in materials science and biological systems, representing a major advance in the synthetic toolbox of molecular machines."}],"article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2025-03-02T23:01:51Z","author":[{"full_name":"Sheng, Jinyu","last_name":"Sheng","first_name":"Jinyu","id":"639f0526-27c9-11ee-95a6-966cd7f102d8"},{"full_name":"Van Beek, Carlijn L.F.","first_name":"Carlijn L.F.","last_name":"Van Beek"},{"full_name":"Stindt, Charlotte N.","first_name":"Charlotte N.","last_name":"Stindt"},{"last_name":"Danowski","first_name":"Wojciech","full_name":"Danowski, Wojciech"},{"full_name":"Jankowska, Joanna","first_name":"Joanna","last_name":"Jankowska"},{"full_name":"Crespi, Stefano","last_name":"Crespi","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Pooler, Daisy R.S.","first_name":"Daisy R.S.","last_name":"Pooler"},{"first_name":"Michiel F.","last_name":"Hilbers","full_name":"Hilbers, Michiel F."},{"last_name":"Buma","first_name":"Wybren Jan","full_name":"Buma, Wybren Jan"},{"full_name":"Feringa, Ben L.","first_name":"Ben L.","last_name":"Feringa"}],"status":"public","_id":"19277","title":"General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_updated":"2025-09-30T10:46:23Z","citation":{"ieee":"J. Sheng <i>et al.</i>, “General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 8. AAAS, 2025.","short":"J. Sheng, C.L.F. Van Beek, C.N. Stindt, W. Danowski, J. Jankowska, S. Crespi, D.R.S. Pooler, M.F. Hilbers, W.J. Buma, B.L. Feringa, Science Advances 11 (2025).","ista":"Sheng J, Van Beek CLF, Stindt CN, Danowski W, Jankowska J, Crespi S, Pooler DRS, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Feringa BL. 2025. General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light. Science Advances. 11(8), eadr9326.","mla":"Sheng, Jinyu, et al. “General Strategy for Boosting the Performance of Speed-Tunable Rotary Molecular Motors with Visible Light.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 8, eadr9326, AAAS, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326\">10.1126/sciadv.adr9326</a>.","ama":"Sheng J, Van Beek CLF, Stindt CN, et al. General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2025;11(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326\">10.1126/sciadv.adr9326</a>","apa":"Sheng, J., Van Beek, C. L. F., Stindt, C. N., Danowski, W., Jankowska, J., Crespi, S., … Feringa, B. L. (2025). General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326</a>","chicago":"Sheng, Jinyu, Carlijn L.F. Van Beek, Charlotte N. Stindt, Wojciech Danowski, Joanna Jankowska, Stefano Crespi, Daisy R.S. Pooler, Michiel F. Hilbers, Wybren Jan Buma, and Ben L. Feringa. “General Strategy for Boosting the Performance of Speed-Tunable Rotary Molecular Motors with Visible Light.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326</a>."},"DOAJ_listed":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"acknowledgement":"R. Sneep is acknowledged for mass spectral analysis and SFC training. We thank A. S. Lubbe from University of Groningen for help with this manuscript and for fruitful discussions. We thank P. Cieciórski from University of Warsaw for help with the figure preparation. This work was supported from the following sources: China Scholarship Council, CSC PhD Fellowship no. 201808330459 to J.S.; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-CW) (B.L.F); the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science (Gravitation program no. 024.001.035) (B.L.F.); Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (reg. no.: BPN/PPO/2023/1/00014); and National Science Center Poland (reg. no.: 2024/03/1/ST5/00003) (W.D.).","issue":"8","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Science Advances","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","intvolume":"        11","pmid":1,"year":"2025","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"ddc":["540"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr9326","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:57:39Z","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"RaKl"}],"month":"02","publisher":"AAAS","external_id":{"isi":["001425511500020"],"pmid":["39970219"]},"oa":1,"day":"21","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","success":1,"checksum":"34ad18a07cb87fdde7bdb626fdeef832","date_created":"2025-03-04T10:57:39Z","date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:57:39Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_ScienceAdvance_Sheng.pdf","file_size":584613,"file_id":"19293"}],"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr9326","volume":11,"article_number":"eadr9326","isi":1},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Nature Communications","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"acknowledgement":"Financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-CW), the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Gravitation program No.024.001.035), the China Scholarship Council (CSC PhD Fellowship No.201808330459 to J. S.). We thank Dr. Youxin Fu, Dr. Alexander Ryabchun, Dr. Wojciech Danowski, Dr. Jianyu Zhang and Yahan Shan from University of Groningen for their help to this project and fruitful discussions.","DOAJ_listed":"1","citation":{"apa":"Van Vliet, S., Sheng, J., Stindt, C. N., &#38; Feringa, B. L. (2024). All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4</a>","chicago":"Van Vliet, Sven, Jinyu Sheng, Charlotte N. Stindt, and Ben L. Feringa. “All-Visible-Light-Driven Salicylidene Schiff-Base-Functionalized Artificial Molecular Motors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4</a>.","ieee":"S. Van Vliet, J. Sheng, C. N. Stindt, and B. L. Feringa, “All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","ista":"Van Vliet S, Sheng J, Stindt CN, Feringa BL. 2024. All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors. Nature Communications. 15, 6461.","short":"S. Van Vliet, J. Sheng, C.N. Stindt, B.L. Feringa, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ama":"Van Vliet S, Sheng J, Stindt CN, Feringa BL. All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4\">10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4</a>","mla":"Van Vliet, Sven, et al. “All-Visible-Light-Driven Salicylidene Schiff-Base-Functionalized Artificial Molecular Motors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 6461, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4\">10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4</a>."},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","supplementarymaterial":"yes","date_updated":"2026-09-17T10:46:04Z","date_created":"2024-08-11T22:01:11Z","author":[{"last_name":"Van Vliet","first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Van Vliet, Sven"},{"full_name":"Sheng, Jinyu","first_name":"Jinyu","last_name":"Sheng","id":"639f0526-27c9-11ee-95a6-966cd7f102d8"},{"last_name":"Stindt","first_name":"Charlotte N.","full_name":"Stindt, Charlotte N."},{"first_name":"Ben L.","last_name":"Feringa","full_name":"Feringa, Ben L."}],"status":"public","_id":"17409","title":"All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Light-driven rotary molecular motors are among the most promising classes of responsive molecular machines and take advantage of their intrinsic chirality which governs unidirectional rotation. As a consequence of their dynamic function, they receive considerable interest in the areas of supramolecular chemistry, asymmetric catalysis and responsive materials. Among the emerging classes of responsive photochromic molecules, multistate first-generation molecular motors driven by benign visible light remain unexplored, which limits the exploitation of the full potential of these mechanical light-powered systems. Herein, we describe a series of all-visible-light-driven first-generation molecular motors based on the salicylidene Schiff base functionality. Remarkable redshifts up to 100 nm in absorption are achieved compared to conventional first-generation motor structures. Taking advantage of all-visible-light-driven multistate motor scaffolds, adaptive behaviour is found as well, and potential application in multistate photoluminescence is demonstrated. These functional visible-light-responsive motors will likely stimulate the design and synthesis of more sophisticated nanomachinery with a myriad of future applications in powering dynamic systems."}],"article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","article_number":"6461","isi":1,"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_created":"2024-08-12T08:23:10Z","checksum":"4aca2ea30fe529947cb2f4c7fc2af2df","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_vanVliet.pdf","date_updated":"2024-08-12T08:23:10Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1355696,"file_id":"17418"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4","researchdata_availability":"yes","volume":15,"oa":1,"day":"31","dataavailabilitystatement":"Data that support the findings of this study are available within the Supplementary Information. All data are available from the corresponding author upon request. The XYZ coordinates of the DFT-optimized structures are available as source data. Source data are provided with this paper.","month":"07","department":[{"_id":"RaKl"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"pmid":["39085193"],"isi":["001282384300020"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2024-08-12T08:23:10Z","has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4","das_tickbox":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"ddc":["540"],"intvolume":"        15","pmid":1,"year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published"},{"volume":63,"file":[{"creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-06-03T10:33:17Z","checksum":"7ecb0892051f6ed8f6a6f25baa47543a","success":1,"file_size":2363206,"date_updated":"2024-06-03T10:33:17Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2024_AngChemieInt_Sheng.pdf","file_id":"17107"}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","doi":"10.1002/anie.202404878","article_number":"e202404878","external_id":{"pmid":["38530132"]},"department":[{"_id":"RaKl"}],"month":"03","publisher":"Wiley","day":"26","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.","oa":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878","das_tickbox":"1","date_published":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2024-06-03T10:33:17Z","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","year":"2024","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        63","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"ddc":["540"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1521-3773"],"issn":["1433-7851"]},"acknowledgement":"This work was supported from the following sources: China Scholarship Council (CSC PhD Fellowship No. 201808330459 to J.S.), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands (Gravitation Program No. 024.001.035 to BLF), Financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-CW), the European Research Council (ERC; advanced Grant No. 694345 to B.L.F.). PRIN (SHERPA 2020 No. H45F21003430001) and PRIN (HySTAR 2022 No. H53D23004720006) and Lombardy Region for “Enhancing Photosynthesis” grant (2021-2023 No. H45F21002830007). W.D. is grateful for financial support from Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (Individual Fellowship No. 101027639). P.C. is grateful for the financial support provided by the PRELUDIUM grant from the National Science Center Poland (Reg. No: 2023/49/N/ST5/01864).","publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","issue":"23","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","supplementarymaterial":"yes","date_updated":"2026-09-17T10:32:51Z","citation":{"ieee":"J. Sheng <i>et al.</i>, “Orthogonal photoswitching in a porous organic framework,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 63, no. 23. Wiley, 2024.","short":"J. Sheng, J. Perego, S. Bracco, P. Cieciórski, W. Danowski, A. Comotti, B.L. Feringa, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 63 (2024).","ista":"Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Cieciórski P, Danowski W, Comotti A, Feringa BL. 2024. Orthogonal photoswitching in a porous organic framework. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 63(23), e202404878.","mla":"Sheng, Jinyu, et al. “Orthogonal Photoswitching in a Porous Organic Framework.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 63, no. 23, e202404878, Wiley, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878\">10.1002/anie.202404878</a>.","ama":"Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, et al. Orthogonal photoswitching in a porous organic framework. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. 2024;63(23). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878\">10.1002/anie.202404878</a>","apa":"Sheng, J., Perego, J., Bracco, S., Cieciórski, P., Danowski, W., Comotti, A., &#38; Feringa, B. L. (2024). Orthogonal photoswitching in a porous organic framework. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878</a>","chicago":"Sheng, Jinyu, Jacopo Perego, Silvia Bracco, Piotr Cieciórski, Wojciech Danowski, Angiolina Comotti, and Ben L. Feringa. “Orthogonal Photoswitching in a Porous Organic Framework.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404878</a>."},"article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The development of photoresponsive systems with non-invasive orthogonal control by distinct wavelengths of light is still in its infancy. In particular, the design of photochemically triggered-orthogonal systems integrated into solid materials that enable multiple dynamic control over their properties remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we report the orthogonal and reversible control of two types of photoswitches in an integrated solid porous framework, that is, visible-light responsive o-fluoroazobenzene and nitro-spiropyran motifs. The properties of the constructed material can be selectively controlled by different wavelengths of light thus generating four distinct states providing a basis for dynamic multifunctional materials. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the selective transformation of the azobenzene switch in the bulk, which in turn modulates N2 and CO2 adsorption."}],"_id":"17105","title":"Orthogonal photoswitching in a porous organic framework","date_created":"2024-06-03T09:00:01Z","author":[{"full_name":"Sheng, Jinyu","id":"639f0526-27c9-11ee-95a6-966cd7f102d8","last_name":"Sheng","first_name":"Jinyu"},{"full_name":"Perego, Jacopo","last_name":"Perego","first_name":"Jacopo"},{"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Bracco","full_name":"Bracco, Silvia"},{"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Cieciórski","full_name":"Cieciórski, Piotr"},{"first_name":"Wojciech","last_name":"Danowski","full_name":"Danowski, Wojciech"},{"full_name":"Comotti, Angiolina","last_name":"Comotti","first_name":"Angiolina"},{"full_name":"Feringa, Ben L.","last_name":"Feringa","first_name":"Ben L."}],"status":"public"},{"das_tickbox":"0","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2025-01-09T09:38:51Z","intvolume":"         5","publication_status":"published","year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["540"],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"researchdata_availability":"no","doi":"10.1002/agt2.584","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_created":"2025-01-09T09:38:51Z","checksum":"1e79dc81d0edf0b441ef661a1890bbf5","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-01-09T09:38:51Z","file_name":"2024_Aggregate_Shan.pdf","file_size":2299084,"file_id":"18804"}],"volume":5,"article_number":"e584","publisher":"Wiley","department":[{"_id":"RaKl"}],"month":"10","oa":1,"day":"01","date_updated":"2026-09-17T11:01:40Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","citation":{"ieee":"Y. Shan, J. Sheng, Q. Zhang, M. C. A. Stuart, D. H. Qu, and B. L. Feringa, “Multi-state photoluminescent properties of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor in aggregates,” <i>Aggregate</i>, vol. 5, no. 5. Wiley, 2024.","short":"Y. Shan, J. Sheng, Q. Zhang, M.C.A. Stuart, D.H. Qu, B.L. Feringa, Aggregate 5 (2024).","ista":"Shan Y, Sheng J, Zhang Q, Stuart MCA, Qu DH, Feringa BL. 2024. Multi-state photoluminescent properties of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor in aggregates. Aggregate. 5(5), e584.","ama":"Shan Y, Sheng J, Zhang Q, Stuart MCA, Qu DH, Feringa BL. Multi-state photoluminescent properties of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor in aggregates. <i>Aggregate</i>. 2024;5(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584\">10.1002/agt2.584</a>","mla":"Shan, Yahan, et al. “Multi-State Photoluminescent Properties of an Overcrowded Alkene-Based Molecular Motor in Aggregates.” <i>Aggregate</i>, vol. 5, no. 5, e584, Wiley, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584\">10.1002/agt2.584</a>.","apa":"Shan, Y., Sheng, J., Zhang, Q., Stuart, M. C. A., Qu, D. H., &#38; Feringa, B. L. (2024). Multi-state photoluminescent properties of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor in aggregates. <i>Aggregate</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584\">https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584</a>","chicago":"Shan, Yahan, Jinyu Sheng, Qi Zhang, Marc C.A. Stuart, Da Hui Qu, and Ben L. Feringa. “Multi-State Photoluminescent Properties of an Overcrowded Alkene-Based Molecular Motor in Aggregates.” <i>Aggregate</i>. Wiley, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584\">https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.584</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"Photoisomerization and photoluminescence are two distinct energy dissipation pathways in light-driven molecular motors. The photoisomerization properties of discrete molecular motors have been well established in solution, but their photoluminescent properties have been rarely reported—especially in aggregates. Here, it is shown that an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor exhibits distinct dynamic properties in solution and aggregate states, for example, gel and solid states. Despite the poor emissive properties of molecular motors in solution, a bright emission is observed in the aggregate states, including in gel and the crystalline solid. The emission wavelength is highly dependent on the nature of the supramolecular packing and order in the aggregates. As a result, the fluorescent color can be readily tuned reversibly via mechanical grinding and vapor fuming, which provides a new platform for developing multi-stimuli functional materials.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-05-26T22:00:58Z","author":[{"first_name":"Yahan","last_name":"Shan","full_name":"Shan, Yahan"},{"full_name":"Sheng, Jinyu","id":"639f0526-27c9-11ee-95a6-966cd7f102d8","first_name":"Jinyu","last_name":"Sheng"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Qi","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Qi"},{"first_name":"Marc C.A.","last_name":"Stuart","full_name":"Stuart, Marc C.A."},{"full_name":"Qu, Da Hui","first_name":"Da Hui","last_name":"Qu"},{"full_name":"Feringa, Ben L.","last_name":"Feringa","first_name":"Ben L."}],"status":"public","title":"Multi-state photoluminescent properties of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor in aggregates","_id":"17054","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_type":"gold","OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2692-4560"],"issn":["2766-8541"]},"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 22220102004, 22025503), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (grant no. 2018SHZDZX03), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2023ZKZD40), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (grant no. B16017), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant no. 21JC1401700), and the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study (grant no. SN-ZJU-SIAS-006), China Scholarship Council (CSC PhD Fellowship No. 202006745016 to Yahan Shan). The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (gravitation program no. 024.001.035 to Ben L. Feringa). The authors thank Dr. Youxin Fu and Dr. Alexander Ryabchun for the help with fluorescence quantum yield measurement, Cristina Nitu for the help with photoisomerzation quantum yield measurement, Prof. Wesley R. Browne for the help with fluorescence lifetime measurement, and Dr. Jianyu Zhang for fruitful discussion and revising the manuscript.","scopus_import":"1","issue":"5","publication":"Aggregate"}]