[{"scopus_import":"1","citation":{"short":"B.B. GOSWAMI, A. Polesello, C.J. Muller, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (2025).","ieee":"B. B. GOSWAMI, A. Polesello, and C. J. Muller, “An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6),” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 17, no. 9. Wiley, 2025.","ama":"GOSWAMI BB, Polesello A, Muller CJ. An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. 2025;17(9). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035\">10.1029/2025ms005035</a>","ista":"GOSWAMI BB, Polesello A, Muller CJ. 2025. An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 17(9), e2025MS005035.","apa":"GOSWAMI, B. B., Polesello, A., &#38; Muller, C. J. (2025). An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035</a>","chicago":"GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B, Andrea Polesello, and Caroline J Muller. “An Assessment of Representing Land‐ocean Heterogeneity via CAPE Relaxation Timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6).” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035</a>.","mla":"GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B., et al. “An Assessment of Representing Land‐ocean Heterogeneity via CAPE Relaxation Timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6).” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 17, no. 9, e2025MS005035, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035\">10.1029/2025ms005035</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2025-09-10T05:36:16Z","day":"01","corr_author":"1","intvolume":"        17","doi":"10.1029/2025ms005035","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","ddc":["550"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The time needed by deep convection to bring the atmosphere back to equilibrium is called convective adjustment timescale or simply adjustment timescale, typically denoted by . In the Community Atmospheric Model|Community Atmosphere Model (CAM),  is the convective available potential energy (CAPE) relaxation timescale and is 1 hr, worldwide. Observational evidence suggests that  is generally longer than 1 hr. Further, continental and oceanic convection are different in terms of the vigor of updrafts and can have different longevities. So using  hour worldwide in CAM has two potential caveats. A longer  improves the simulation of the mean climate. However, it does not address the land‐ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric deep convection. We investigate the prescription of two different CAPE relaxation timescales for land ( hr) and ocean ( to 4 hr). It is arguably an extremely crude parameterization of boundary layer control on atmospheric convection. We contrast a suite of 5‐year‐long simulations with two different  for land and ocean to having one  globally. The choice of longer  over ocean is guided by previous studies and inspired by observational pieces of evidence. Nonetheless, to complement our variable  experiments, we perform a simulation with  hr and  hrs. Most importantly, our key findings are immune to the exact values of prescribed  and . The CAM model, with two  values , improves convective‐stratiform rainfall partitioning and the Madden–Julian oscillation propagation characteristics."}],"file_date_updated":"2025-09-10T08:12:34Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","article_number":"e2025MS005035","has_accepted_license":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","acknowledgement":"The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). We would like to thank Prof. Courtney Schumacher and Dr. Aaron Funk of Texas A&M University for their help in understanding the TRMM Radar data. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers who helped improve the quality of this paper.","status":"public","file":[{"file_size":2143025,"file_name":"2025_JAMES_Goswami.pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-09-10T08:12:34Z","checksum":"5961d6290432c5ac0e8587ef07f30c9b","date_updated":"2025-09-10T08:12:34Z","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_id":"20338"}],"date_published":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B","orcid":"0000-0001-8602-3083","id":"3a4ac09c-6d61-11ec-bf66-884cde66b64b","last_name":"GOSWAMI","first_name":"BIDYUT B"},{"first_name":"Andrea","id":"74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561","last_name":"Polesello","full_name":"Polesello, Andrea"},{"last_name":"Muller","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","first_name":"Caroline J"}],"volume":17,"publication":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"9","year":"2025","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1942-2466"]},"ec_funded":1,"_id":"20319","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"title":"An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6)","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-10T08:14:28Z","OA_type":"gold","project":[{"_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"805041"}],"month":"09","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Wiley","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"_id":"19672","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1942-2466"]},"OA_place":"publisher","isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-30T12:30:29Z","title":"Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate","grant_number":"805041","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576"}],"month":"04","OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Wiley","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004613","intvolume":"        17","corr_author":"1","day":"01","citation":{"short":"A. Polesello, G.A. Charinti, A.N. Meroni, C.J. Muller, C. Pasquero, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (2025).","ieee":"A. Polesello, G. A. Charinti, A. N. Meroni, C. J. Muller, and C. Pasquero, “Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes,” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 17, no. 4. Wiley, 2025.","ama":"Polesello A, Charinti GA, Meroni AN, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. 2025;17(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613\">10.1029/2024MS004613</a>","ista":"Polesello A, Charinti GA, Meroni AN, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. 2025. Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 17(4), e2024MS004613.","apa":"Polesello, A., Charinti, G. A., Meroni, A. N., Muller, C. J., &#38; Pasquero, C. (2025). Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613</a>","chicago":"Polesello, Andrea, Giousef Alexandros Charinti, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Caroline J Muller, and Claudia Pasquero. “Intensity Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones: Surface versus Mid and Upper Tropospheric Processes.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613</a>.","mla":"Polesello, Andrea, et al. “Intensity Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones: Surface versus Mid and Upper Tropospheric Processes.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 17, no. 4, e2024MS004613, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613\">10.1029/2024MS004613</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2025-05-11T22:02:41Z","scopus_import":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_number":"e2024MS004613","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2025-05-12T12:17:08Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","ddc":["550"],"abstract":[{"text":"Some of the classical models of tropical cyclone intensification predict tropical cyclones to intensify up to a steady intensity, which depends on surface fluxes only, without any relevant role played by convective motions in the troposphere, typically assumed to have a moist adiabatic lapse rate. Simulations performed using the non-hydrostatic, high-resolution model System for Atmosphere Modeling in idealized settings (rotating radiative-convective equilibrium on a doubly periodic domain) show early intensification consistent with these theoretical expectations, but different intensity evolution, with the cyclone undergoing an oscillation in wind speed. This oscillation can be linked to feedbacks between the cyclone intensity and air buoyancy: convective heating, radiative heating, and mixing with warm low stratospheric air warm the mid and upper troposphere of the cyclone stabilizing the air column and thus reducing its intensity. After the intensity decay phase, mid and upper tropospheric cooling, mostly through cold advection from the surroundings, cooled by radiation, rebuilds Convective Available Potential Energy, that peaks just before a new intensification phase. These idealized simulations thus highlight the potentially important interactions between a tropical cyclone, its environment and radiation.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":17,"external_id":{"isi":["001472439600001"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Polesello, Andrea","id":"74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561","last_name":"Polesello"},{"first_name":"Giousef Alexandros","last_name":"Charinti","id":"7f7cc04c-074c-11ed-af92-eb16afd85c75","full_name":"Charinti, Giousef Alexandros"},{"last_name":"Meroni","full_name":"Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru","first_name":"Agostino Niyonkuru"},{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","last_name":"Muller","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","first_name":"Caroline J"},{"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Pasquero","full_name":"Pasquero, Claudia"}],"date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_id":"19683","date_updated":"2025-05-12T12:17:08Z","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-05-12T12:17:08Z","checksum":"2f7c74aceaeea4be1fff4de300791319","file_size":942325,"success":1,"file_name":"2025_JAMES_Polesello.pdf"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge two anonymous reviewers and the editor who provided insightful remarks and comments that helped to significantly improve the manuscript. AP and CJM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). Part of this work is an outcome of the project MIUR—Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027. ANM is supported by HPC-TRES Grant 2023-04.","year":"2025","issue":"4","publication":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2024-01-22T12:08:12Z","citation":{"mla":"Polesello, Andrea, et al. “Intensification Mechanisms of Tropical Cyclones.” <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>, EGU23-6157, European Geosciences Union, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157\">10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157</a>.","apa":"Polesello, A., Muller, C. J., Pasquero, C., &#38; Meroni, A. N. (2023). Intensification mechanisms of tropical cyclones. In <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. Vienna, Austria &#38; Virtual: European Geosciences Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157\">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157</a>","chicago":"Polesello, Andrea, Caroline J Muller, Claudia Pasquero, and Agostino N. Meroni. “Intensification Mechanisms of Tropical Cyclones.” In <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. European Geosciences Union, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157\">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157</a>.","ista":"Polesello A, Muller CJ, Pasquero C, Meroni AN. 2023. Intensification mechanisms of tropical cyclones. EGU General Assembly 2023. EGU General Assembly, EGU23-6157.","ama":"Polesello A, Muller CJ, Pasquero C, Meroni AN. Intensification mechanisms of tropical cyclones. In: <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. European Geosciences Union; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157\">10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157</a>","ieee":"A. Polesello, C. J. Muller, C. Pasquero, and A. N. Meroni, “Intensification mechanisms of tropical cyclones,” in <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>, Vienna, Austria &#38; Virtual, 2023.","short":"A. Polesello, C.J. Muller, C. Pasquero, A.N. Meroni, in:, EGU General Assembly 2023, European Geosciences Union, 2023."},"day":"13","corr_author":"1","_id":"14863","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6157","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"ddc":["550"],"title":"Intensification mechanisms of tropical cyclones","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-01-24T11:19:54Z","date_updated":"2024-10-09T21:08:01Z","conference":{"start_date":"2023-04-23","location":"Vienna, Austria & Virtual","name":"EGU General Assembly","end_date":"2023-04-28"},"article_number":"EGU23-6157","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","date_published":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_id":"14883","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-01-24T11:19:54Z","checksum":"8cb88c1bc80ccee328478a62064d98f7","date_created":"2024-01-24T11:19:54Z","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_EGU_Polesello.pdf","success":1,"file_size":296769}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"04","author":[{"id":"74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561","last_name":"Polesello","full_name":"Polesello, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","last_name":"Muller"},{"first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"Pasquero, Claudia","last_name":"Pasquero"},{"first_name":"Agostino N.","full_name":"Meroni, Agostino N.","last_name":"Meroni"}],"publication":"EGU General Assembly 2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","type":"conference_abstract","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2023"}]