[{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png"},"status":"public","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","day":"02","type":"dissertation","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:50:10Z","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and Modeling","_id":"24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"715767"}],"page":"96","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","month":"09","title":"Design and control of deformable structures: From PCB lighting displays to elastomer robots","_id":"20276","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13049","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"18565"},{"id":"20286","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"}]},"citation":{"ista":"Bhargava M. 2025. Design and control of deformable structures: From PCB lighting displays to elastomer robots. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Bhargava, Manas. “Design and Control of Deformable Structures: From PCB Lighting Displays to Elastomer Robots.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276</a>.","apa":"Bhargava, M. (2025). <i>Design and control of deformable structures: From PCB lighting displays to elastomer robots</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276</a>","ama":"Bhargava M. Design and control of deformable structures: From PCB lighting displays to elastomer robots. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276</a>","ieee":"M. Bhargava, “Design and control of deformable structures: From PCB lighting displays to elastomer robots,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","mla":"Bhargava, Manas. <i>Design and Control of Deformable Structures: From PCB Lighting Displays to Elastomer Robots</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276</a>.","short":"M. Bhargava, Design and Control of Deformable Structures: From PCB Lighting Displays to Elastomer Robots, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025."},"article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["000"],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20276","OA_place":"publisher","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-065-7"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1,"checksum":"5baf8ca46c86a94fc8380ff1007aabd4","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-09-03T10:40:52Z","file_name":"2025-Bhargava-Manas-Thesis.pdf","creator":"mbhargav","date_created":"2025-09-03T10:40:52Z","file_id":"20284","file_size":161436245},{"file_size":198831315,"file_id":"20285","date_created":"2025-09-03T13:18:05Z","creator":"mbhargav","file_name":"manas_phd_thesis_source_files.zip","date_updated":"2025-09-04T09:22:29Z","checksum":"66878fafbc0074f88ddd18f24a9fc647","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed"}],"acknowledgement":"Financial support was provided by the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 715767 - MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design\r\nand Modeling that I gratefully acknowledge.\r\n","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2025-09-04T09:22:29Z","author":[{"full_name":"Bhargava, Manas","last_name":"Bhargava","id":"FF8FA64C-AA6A-11E9-99AD-50D4E5697425","first_name":"Manas","orcid":"0009-0007-6138-6890"}],"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6511-9385","full_name":"Bickel, Bernd","last_name":"Bickel","id":"49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Bernd"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Complex 3D shapes can be created by morphing flat 2D configurations. Such deformations\r\neither preserve the intrinsic material geometry (e.g., folding paper) or modify it through\r\nlocalized contraction. Once transformed, the 3D shape can be further controlled to achieve a\r\ntarget functionality. A key challenge is to take the material specifications and the actuation\r\nprocess as input to automatically design the target 3D shape and its functionality. This thesis\r\npresents two novel computational pipelines for the design and control of shape-morphing\r\nstructures used to create functional prototypes.\r\nThe first pipeline borrows from the art of origami to fold paper into intricate shapes and\r\napplies this principle to make 3D lighting displays. We introduce, PCBend a computational\r\ndesign approach that covers a surface with individually addressable RGB LEDs, effectively\r\nforming a low-resolution surface by folding rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs). We optimize\r\ncut patterns on PCBs to act as hinges and co-design LED placement, circuit routing, and\r\nfabrication constraints to produce PCB blueprints. The PCBs are fabricated using automated\r\nstandard manufacturing services with LEDs embedded on them. Finally, the fabricated PCBs\r\nare cut along the contour and folded onto a 3D-printed support. The 3D lighting display is\r\nthen controlled to display complex surface light patterns.\r\nCreating 3D shapes through folding is only possible if their planar configuration, called ”unfolding” exists without any distortion or overlap. Existing methods often permit distortion\r\nor require multiple patches, which are unsuitable for fabrication pipelines that rely on folding\r\nnon-stretchable materials. We reinforce such fabrication pipelines by providing a geometric\r\nrelaxation to the problem, where the input shape is modified to admit overlap-free unfolding.\r\nThe second fabrication pipeline extends shape morphing to soft robotics by emulating nature’s\r\nblueprint of distributed actuation. Inspired by vertebrates, we build musculoskeletal robots\r\nusing modular active actuators, employing Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) as shrinkable\r\nartificial muscles integrated with 3D-printed bones. The chemical composition of LCEs is\r\naltered to enable untethered actuation through infrared radiation, allowing active control of\r\nindividual muscles and their corresponding bones. The combined motion of individual bones\r\ndefines the robot’s overall shape and functionality. Our proposed system significantly expands\r\nboth the design and control spaces of soft robots, which we harness using our computational\r\ndesign tools. We build several physical robots that exhibit complex shape morphing and varied\r\nterrain navigation, showcasing the versatility of our pipeline.\r\nThis thesis explores applications ranging from intricate light patterns displayed on 3D shapes\r\nformed by folding rigid PCBs to untethered robots that use contractile muscles to exhibit\r\nshape morphing and locomotion. Through these examples, the thesis highlights how computational design and distributed actuation, integrated with novel materials, can transform\r\npassive structures into functional prototypes.","lang":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","publication_status":"published","degree_awarded":"PhD","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","date_created":"2025-09-02T14:48:39Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeBi"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:50:09Z","year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png"},"issue":"1","publisher":"Wiley","day":"01","type":"journal_article","ddc":["006"],"arxiv":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","doi":"10.1111/cgf.15269","_id":"18565","month":"02","title":"Mesh simplification for unfolding","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"20276"}]},"citation":{"mla":"Bhargava, Manas, et al. “Mesh Simplification for Unfolding.” <i>Computer Graphics Forum</i>, vol. 44, no. 1, e15269, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269\">10.1111/cgf.15269</a>.","short":"M. Bhargava, C. Schreck, M. Freire, P.A. Hugron, S. Lefebvre, S. Sellán, B. Bickel, Computer Graphics Forum 44 (2025).","ieee":"M. Bhargava <i>et al.</i>, “Mesh simplification for unfolding,” <i>Computer Graphics Forum</i>, vol. 44, no. 1. Wiley, 2025.","ama":"Bhargava M, Schreck C, Freire M, et al. Mesh simplification for unfolding. <i>Computer Graphics Forum</i>. 2025;44(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269\">10.1111/cgf.15269</a>","apa":"Bhargava, M., Schreck, C., Freire, M., Hugron, P. A., Lefebvre, S., Sellán, S., &#38; Bickel, B. (2025). Mesh simplification for unfolding. <i>Computer Graphics Forum</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269\">https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269</a>","chicago":"Bhargava, Manas, Camille Schreck, M. Freire, P. A. Hugron, S. Lefebvre, S. Sellán, and Bernd Bickel. “Mesh Simplification for Unfolding.” <i>Computer Graphics Forum</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269\">https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15269</a>.","ista":"Bhargava M, Schreck C, Freire M, Hugron PA, Lefebvre S, Sellán S, Bickel B. 2025. Mesh simplification for unfolding. Computer Graphics Forum. 44(1), e15269."},"keyword":["fabrication","single patch unfolding","mesh simplification"],"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Computer Graphics Forum","author":[{"orcid":"0009-0007-6138-6890","last_name":"Bhargava","full_name":"Bhargava, Manas","first_name":"Manas","id":"FF8FA64C-AA6A-11E9-99AD-50D4E5697425"},{"last_name":"Schreck","full_name":"Schreck, Camille","first_name":"Camille","id":"2B14B676-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Freire, M.","last_name":"Freire","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"P. A.","full_name":"Hugron, P. A.","last_name":"Hugron"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Lefebvre","full_name":"Lefebvre, S."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Sellán","full_name":"Sellán, S."},{"last_name":"Bickel","full_name":"Bickel, Bernd","id":"49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Bernd","orcid":"0000-0001-6511-9385"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:06:45Z","intvolume":"        44","isi":1,"acknowledgement":"Researchers from INRIA received support from the DORNELL Inria Challenge. Silvia Sellán acknowledges support from NSERC Vanier Doctoral Scholarship and an MIT SoE Postdoctoral Fellowship for Engineering Excellence.","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18567","date_created":"2024-11-19T09:23:20Z","creator":"mbhargav","file_name":"Mesh_Simplification_For_Unfolding_cgf_submission_supplemental_video.mp4","file_size":36999751,"content_type":"video/mp4","checksum":"34acdd9bfbe43f00eb6c7656afef3ac6","date_updated":"2024-11-19T09:23:20Z"},{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:06:45Z","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"efb06b01bae37f470954601bc004374d","file_size":5188265,"date_created":"2025-04-16T09:06:45Z","file_id":"19576","file_name":"2025_CompGraphicsForum_Bhargava.pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0167-7055"],"eissn":["1467-8659"]},"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-11-19T09:14:32Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeBi"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001357046100001"],"arxiv":["2408.06944"]},"corr_author":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":44,"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"e15269","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a computational approach for unfolding 3D shapes isometrically into the plane as a single patch without overlapping triangles. This is a hard, sometimes impossible, problem, which existing methods are forced to soften by allowing for map distortions or multiple patches. Instead, we propose a geometric relaxation of the problem: We modify the input shape until it admits an overlap‐free unfolding. We achieve this by locally displacing vertices and collapsing edges, guided by the unfolding process. We validate our algorithm quantitatively and qualitatively on a large dataset of complex shapes and show its proficiency by fabricating real shapes from paper."}]},{"type":"preprint","day":"31","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"status":"public","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","year":"2025","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:50:09Z","date_published":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","project":[{"name":"MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and Modeling","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"715767","_id":"24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"citation":{"ieee":"M. Bhargava <i>et al.</i>, “Computational design and fabrication of modular robots with untethered control,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"M. Bhargava, T. Hiraki, I.-M. Strugaru, Y. Zhang, M. Piovarci, C. Daraio, D. Iwai, B. Bickel, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Bhargava, Manas, et al. “Computational Design and Fabrication of Modular Robots with Untethered Control.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410\">10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410</a>.","ista":"Bhargava M, Hiraki T, Strugaru I-M, Zhang Y, Piovarci M, Daraio C, Iwai D, Bickel B. Computational design and fabrication of modular robots with untethered control. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410\">10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410</a>.","chicago":"Bhargava, Manas, Takefumi Hiraki, Irina-Malina Strugaru, Yuhan Zhang, Michael Piovarci, Chiara Daraio, Daisuke Iwai, and Bernd Bickel. “Computational Design and Fabrication of Modular Robots with Untethered Control.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410</a>.","apa":"Bhargava, M., Hiraki, T., Strugaru, I.-M., Zhang, Y., Piovarci, M., Daraio, C., … Bickel, B. (n.d.). Computational design and fabrication of modular robots with untethered control. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410</a>","ama":"Bhargava M, Hiraki T, Strugaru I-M, et al. Computational design and fabrication of modular robots with untethered control. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410\">10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410</a>"},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"20276","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Computational design and fabrication of modular robots with untethered control","month":"08","_id":"20286","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410","OA_place":"repository","arxiv":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.05410"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors express gratitude to Magali Lorion for assisting in the initial fabrication of LCEs,\r\nPengbin Tang for providing the code for simulating discrete elastic rods, the Imaging and\r\nOptics Facility at ISTA for assisting with the spectrometry measurements, and the MIBA\r\nmachine shop at ISTA for their support in manufacturing various devices.\r\nFunding: This project was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No.\r\n715767 -– MATERIALIZABLE).","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Bhargava, Manas","last_name":"Bhargava","id":"FF8FA64C-AA6A-11E9-99AD-50D4E5697425","first_name":"Manas","orcid":"0009-0007-6138-6890"},{"last_name":"Hiraki","full_name":"Hiraki, Takefumi","first_name":"Takefumi"},{"first_name":"Irina-Malina","id":"2afc607f-f128-11eb-9611-8f2a0dfcf074","full_name":"Strugaru, Irina-Malina","last_name":"Strugaru"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yuhan","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Yuhan"},{"full_name":"Piovarci, Michael","last_name":"Piovarci","id":"62E473F4-5C99-11EA-A40E-AF823DDC885E","first_name":"Michael","orcid":"0000-0002-5062-4474"},{"first_name":"Chiara","last_name":"Daraio","full_name":"Daraio, Chiara"},{"last_name":"Iwai","full_name":"Iwai, Daisuke","first_name":"Daisuke"},{"id":"49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Bernd","full_name":"Bickel, Bernd","last_name":"Bickel","orcid":"0000-0001-6511-9385"}],"publication":"arXiv","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Natural organisms utilize distributed actuation through their musculoskeletal\r\nsystems to adapt their gait for traversing diverse terrains or to morph their\r\nbodies for varied tasks. A longstanding challenge in robotics is to emulate\r\nthis capability of natural organisms, which has motivated the development of\r\nnumerous soft robotic systems. However, such systems are generally optimized\r\nfor a single functionality, lack the ability to change form or function on\r\ndemand, or remain tethered to bulky control systems. To address these\r\nlimitations, we present a framework for designing and controlling robots that\r\nutilize distributed actuation. We propose a novel building block that\r\nintegrates 3D-printed bones with liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) muscles as\r\nlightweight actuators, enabling the modular assembly of musculoskeletal robots.\r\nWe developed LCE rods that contract in response to infrared radiation, thereby\r\nproviding localized, untethered control over the distributed skeletal network\r\nand producing global deformations of the robot. To fully capitalize on the\r\nextensive design space, we introduce two computational tools: one for\r\noptimizing the robot's skeletal graph to achieve multiple target deformations,\r\nand another for co-optimizing skeletal designs and control gaits to realize\r\ndesired locomotion. We validate our framework by constructing several robots\r\nthat demonstrate complex shape morphing, diverse control schemes, and\r\nenvironmental adaptability. Our system integrates advances in modular material\r\nbuilding, untethered and distributed control, and computational design to\r\nintroduce a new generation of robots that brings us closer to the capabilities\r\nof living organisms."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"BeBi"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.05410"]},"date_created":"2025-09-04T09:14:11Z","publication_status":"draft"},{"volume":42,"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We propose a computational design approach for covering a surface with individually addressable RGB LEDs, effectively forming a low-resolution surface screen. To achieve a low-cost and scalable approach, we propose creating designs from flat PCB panels bent in-place along the surface of a 3D printed core. Working with standard rigid PCBs enables the use of\r\nestablished PCB manufacturing services, allowing the fabrication of designs with several hundred LEDs. \r\nOur approach optimizes the PCB geometry for folding, and then jointly optimizes the LED packing, circuit and routing, solving a challenging layout problem under strict manufacturing requirements. Unlike paper, PCBs cannot bend beyond a certain point without breaking. Therefore, we introduce parametric cut patterns acting as hinges, designed to allow bending while remaining compact. To tackle the joint optimization of placement, circuit and routing, we propose a specialized algorithm that splits the global problem into one sub-problem per triangle, which is then individually solved.\r\nOur technique generates PCB blueprints in a completely automated way. After being fabricated by a PCB manufacturing service, the boards are bent and glued by the user onto the 3D printed support. We demonstrate our technique on a range of physical models and virtual examples, creating intricate surface light patterns from hundreds of LEDs.","lang":"eng"}],"article_number":"142","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001044671300108"]},"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeBi"}],"date_created":"2023-05-22T08:37:04Z","corr_author":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_size":78940724,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2023_ACMToG_Freire.pdf","date_created":"2023-06-19T11:02:23Z","file_id":"13156","date_updated":"2023-06-19T11:02:23Z","checksum":"a0b0ba3b36f43a94388e8824613d812a","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"},{"file_size":34345905,"file_name":"2023_ACMToG_SuppMaterial_Freire.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2023-06-20T12:20:51Z","file_id":"13157","date_updated":"2023-06-20T12:20:51Z","checksum":"b9206bbb67af82df49b7e7cdbde3410c","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the reviewers for the valuable feedback. We also thank the Miba Machine Shop at ISTA, PCBWay, and PragoBoard for helping us with fabrication and assembly. This project was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 715767 – MATERIALIZABLE).","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0730-0301"],"eissn":["1557-7368"]},"oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Freire, Marco","last_name":"Freire","first_name":"Marco"},{"orcid":"0009-0007-6138-6890","last_name":"Bhargava","full_name":"Bhargava, Manas","id":"FF8FA64C-AA6A-11E9-99AD-50D4E5697425","first_name":"Manas"},{"id":"2B14B676-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Camille","full_name":"Schreck, Camille","last_name":"Schreck"},{"first_name":"Pierre-Alexandre","full_name":"Hugron, Pierre-Alexandre","last_name":"Hugron"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6511-9385","last_name":"Bickel","full_name":"Bickel, Bernd","first_name":"Bernd","id":"49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Lefebvre, Sylvain","last_name":"Lefebvre","first_name":"Sylvain"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-06-20T12:20:51Z","keyword":["PCB design and layout","Mesh geometry models"],"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Transactions on Graphics","ec_funded":1,"intvolume":"        42","isi":1,"_id":"13049","title":"PCBend: Light up your 3D shapes with foldable circuit boards","month":"07","article_processing_charge":"No","conference":{"end_date":"2023-08-10","location":"Los Angeles, CA, United States","start_date":"2023-08-06","name":"SIGGRAPH: Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference"},"citation":{"ieee":"M. Freire, M. Bhargava, C. Schreck, P.-A. Hugron, B. Bickel, and S. Lefebvre, “PCBend: Light up your 3D shapes with foldable circuit boards,” <i>Transactions on Graphics</i>, vol. 42, no. 4. Association for Computing Machinery, 2023.","mla":"Freire, Marco, et al. “PCBend: Light up Your 3D Shapes with Foldable Circuit Boards.” <i>Transactions on Graphics</i>, vol. 42, no. 4, 142, Association for Computing Machinery, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411\">10.1145/3592411</a>.","short":"M. Freire, M. Bhargava, C. Schreck, P.-A. Hugron, B. Bickel, S. Lefebvre, Transactions on Graphics 42 (2023).","ista":"Freire M, Bhargava M, Schreck C, Hugron P-A, Bickel B, Lefebvre S. 2023. PCBend: Light up your 3D shapes with foldable circuit boards. Transactions on Graphics. 42(4), 142.","chicago":"Freire, Marco, Manas Bhargava, Camille Schreck, Pierre-Alexandre Hugron, Bernd Bickel, and Sylvain Lefebvre. “PCBend: Light up Your 3D Shapes with Foldable Circuit Boards.” <i>Transactions on Graphics</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411</a>.","apa":"Freire, M., Bhargava, M., Schreck, C., Hugron, P.-A., Bickel, B., &#38; Lefebvre, S. (2023). PCBend: Light up your 3D shapes with foldable circuit boards. <i>Transactions on Graphics</i>. Los Angeles, CA, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411</a>","ama":"Freire M, Bhargava M, Schreck C, Hugron P-A, Bickel B, Lefebvre S. PCBend: Light up your 3D shapes with foldable circuit boards. <i>Transactions on Graphics</i>. 2023;42(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3592411\">10.1145/3592411</a>"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"20276"}]},"ddc":["006"],"doi":"10.1145/3592411","article_type":"original","status":"public","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"day":"26","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","issue":"4","date_published":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and Modeling","grant_number":"715767","_id":"24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Submitted Version","year":"2023","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:50:09Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9"}]