[{"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"       113","PlanS_conform":"1","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Physical Society","corr_author":"1","citation":{"ama":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 2026;113(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>","short":"V.L. Diaz Melian, I.C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 113 (2026).","ista":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 113(5), L053502.","ieee":"V. L. Diaz Melian, I. C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 113, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L, Isaac C Lenton, Jack Binysh, Anton Souslov, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>.","mla":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L., et al. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 113, no. 5, L053502, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>.","apa":"Diaz Melian, V. L., Lenton, I. C., Binysh, J., Souslov, A., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A floating Leidenfrost droplet exhibits curvature inversion of its underside, due to the balance of vapor pressure and surface tension. Using interferometric imaging, we find different behavior for a levitated hydrogel sphere. Curvature inversion is observed briefly just after deposition, but quickly gives way to a steady state with no inversion. We show the essential role of vaporization in shaping the underbelly of the hydrogel, where changes due to direct mass loss are more significant than the balance of vapor pressure and elastic forces."}],"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","month":"05","issue":"5","file_date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":113,"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"ddc":["530"],"year":"2026","publication":"Physical Review E","file":[{"file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewE_DiazMelian.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":3173197,"date_created":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","checksum":"902cc8d177c8d3ae9cfe07c30375c9a9","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","file_id":"22014"}],"article_number":"L053502","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2026-06-10T07:36:41Z","_id":"21982","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.04982"]},"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"OA_type":"hybrid","arxiv":1,"OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"letter_note","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing Facility. J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101106500.","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"day":"14","author":[{"id":"b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631","full_name":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L","first_name":"Vicente L","last_name":"Diaz Melian"},{"first_name":"Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb"},{"last_name":"Binysh","first_name":"Jack","full_name":"Binysh, Jack"},{"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Souslov","full_name":"Souslov, Anton"},{"first_name":"Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"title":"Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere","status":"public","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:24:18Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"publisher":"IOP Publishing","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","PlanS_conform":"1","intvolume":"         8","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artificial intelligence, deep neural networks, and machine learning (ML) are all niche terms describing computational methods that have gained a pivotal role in microscopy-based research over the past decade. This Roadmap encompasses key aspects of how ML is applied to microscopy image data, with the aim of gaining scientific knowledge by improved image quality, automated detection, segmentation, classification and tracking of objects, and efficient merging of information from multiple imaging modalities. We aim to give the reader an overview of the key developments and an understanding of possibilities and limitations of ML for microscopy. It will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience in the physical sciences and life sciences."}],"citation":{"mla":"Volpe, Giovanni, et al. “Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 012501, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1\">10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1</a>.","apa":"Volpe, G., Wählby, C., Tian, L., Hecht, M., Yakimovich, A., Monakhova, K., … Bergman, J. (2026). Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1</a>","ista":"Volpe G, Wählby C, Tian L, Hecht M, Yakimovich A, Monakhova K, Waller L, Sbalzarini IF, Metzler CA, Xie M, Zhang K, Lenton IC, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Brunner D, Bai B, Ozcan A, Midtvedt D, Wang H, Li T, Sladoje N, Lindblad J, Smith JT, Ochoa M, Barroso M, Intes X, Qiu T, Yu LY, You S, Liu Y, Ziatdinov MA, Kalinin SV, Sheridan A, Manor U, Nehme E, Goldenberg O, Shechtman Y, Moberg HK, Langhammer C, Špačková B, Helgadottir S, Midtvedt B, Argun A, Thalheim T, Cichos F, Bo S, Hubatsch L, Pineda J, Manzo C, Bachimanchi H, Selander E, Homs-Corbera A, Fränzl M, De Haan K, Rivenson Y, Korczak Z, Adiels CB, Mijalkov M, Veréb D, Chang YW, Pereira JB, Matuszewski D, Kylberg G, Sintorn IM, Caicedo JC, Cimini BA, Lediju Bell MA, Saraiva BM, Jacquemet G, Henriques R, Ouyang W, Le T, Gómez-De-Mariscal E, Sage D, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Lindqvist EJ, Bergman J. 2026. Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. Journal of Physics: Photonics. 8(1), 012501.","chicago":"Volpe, Giovanni, Carolina Wählby, Lei Tian, Michael Hecht, Artur Yakimovich, Kristina Monakhova, Laura Waller, et al. “Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1</a>.","ieee":"G. Volpe <i>et al.</i>, “Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 8, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.","short":"G. Volpe, C. Wählby, L. Tian, M. Hecht, A. Yakimovich, K. Monakhova, L. Waller, I.F. Sbalzarini, C.A. Metzler, M. Xie, K. Zhang, I.C. Lenton, H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, D. Brunner, B. Bai, A. Ozcan, D. Midtvedt, H. Wang, T. Li, N. Sladoje, J. Lindblad, J.T. Smith, M. Ochoa, M. Barroso, X. Intes, T. Qiu, L.Y. Yu, S. You, Y. Liu, M.A. Ziatdinov, S.V. Kalinin, A. Sheridan, U. Manor, E. Nehme, O. Goldenberg, Y. Shechtman, H.K. Moberg, C. Langhammer, B. Špačková, S. Helgadottir, B. Midtvedt, A. Argun, T. Thalheim, F. Cichos, S. Bo, L. Hubatsch, J. Pineda, C. Manzo, H. Bachimanchi, E. Selander, A. Homs-Corbera, M. Fränzl, K. De Haan, Y. Rivenson, Z. Korczak, C.B. Adiels, M. Mijalkov, D. Veréb, Y.W. Chang, J.B. Pereira, D. Matuszewski, G. Kylberg, I.M. Sintorn, J.C. Caicedo, B.A. Cimini, M.A. Lediju Bell, B.M. Saraiva, G. Jacquemet, R. Henriques, W. Ouyang, T. Le, E. Gómez-De-Mariscal, D. Sage, A. Muñoz-Barrutia, E.J. Lindqvist, J. Bergman, Journal of Physics: Photonics 8 (2026).","ama":"Volpe G, Wählby C, Tian L, et al. Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2026;8(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1\">10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1</a>"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","issue":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z","month":"03","ddc":["530"],"year":"2026","quality_controlled":"1","volume":8,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"21370","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"012501","date_created":"2026-03-01T23:01:39Z","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"21375","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_JPhysPhotonics_Volpe.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":16789781,"date_created":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z","checksum":"172720f1f0c5c9d06a282e52023a0030"}],"publication":"Journal of Physics: 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Mingyang","last_name":"Xie","first_name":"Mingyang"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Kevin","full_name":"Zhang, Kevin"},{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","first_name":"Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton"},{"full_name":"Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina","last_name":"Rubinsztein-Dunlop","first_name":"Halina"},{"full_name":"Brunner, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Brunner"},{"full_name":"Bai, Bijie","last_name":"Bai","first_name":"Bijie"},{"full_name":"Ozcan, Aydogan","first_name":"Aydogan","last_name":"Ozcan"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Midtvedt","full_name":"Midtvedt, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Wang, Hao","first_name":"Hao","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Li, Tongyu","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Tongyu"},{"full_name":"Sladoje, Nataša","last_name":"Sladoje","first_name":"Nataša"},{"full_name":"Lindblad, Joakim","first_name":"Joakim","last_name":"Lindblad"},{"full_name":"Smith, Jason T.","last_name":"Smith","first_name":"Jason T."},{"full_name":"Ochoa, Marien","first_name":"Marien","last_name":"Ochoa"},{"full_name":"Barroso, Margarida","first_name":"Margarida","last_name":"Barroso"},{"last_name":"Intes","first_name":"Xavier","full_name":"Intes, Xavier"},{"full_name":"Qiu, Tong","first_name":"Tong","last_name":"Qiu"},{"first_name":"Li Yu","last_name":"Yu","full_name":"Yu, Li Yu"},{"first_name":"Sixian","last_name":"You","full_name":"You, Sixian"},{"full_name":"Liu, Yongtao","last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Yongtao"},{"full_name":"Ziatdinov, Maxim A.","first_name":"Maxim A.","last_name":"Ziatdinov"},{"last_name":"Kalinin","first_name":"Sergei V.","full_name":"Kalinin, Sergei V."},{"last_name":"Sheridan","first_name":"Arlo","full_name":"Sheridan, Arlo"},{"last_name":"Manor","first_name":"Uri","full_name":"Manor, Uri"},{"last_name":"Nehme","first_name":"Elias","full_name":"Nehme, Elias"},{"full_name":"Goldenberg, Ofri","last_name":"Goldenberg","first_name":"Ofri"},{"full_name":"Shechtman, Yoav","first_name":"Yoav","last_name":"Shechtman"},{"first_name":"Henrik K.","last_name":"Moberg","full_name":"Moberg, Henrik K."},{"full_name":"Langhammer, Christoph","last_name":"Langhammer","first_name":"Christoph"},{"full_name":"Špačková, Barbora","last_name":"Špačková","first_name":"Barbora"},{"full_name":"Helgadottir, Saga","first_name":"Saga","last_name":"Helgadottir"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Midtvedt","full_name":"Midtvedt, Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Argun, Aykut","last_name":"Argun","first_name":"Aykut"},{"last_name":"Thalheim","first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Thalheim, Tobias"},{"full_name":"Cichos, Frank","first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Cichos"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bo","full_name":"Bo, Stefano"},{"full_name":"Hubatsch, Lars","first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Hubatsch"},{"last_name":"Pineda","first_name":"Jesus","full_name":"Pineda, Jesus"},{"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Manzo","full_name":"Manzo, Carlo"},{"full_name":"Bachimanchi, Harshith","last_name":"Bachimanchi","first_name":"Harshith"},{"full_name":"Selander, Erik","last_name":"Selander","first_name":"Erik"},{"full_name":"Homs-Corbera, Antoni","last_name":"Homs-Corbera","first_name":"Antoni"},{"last_name":"Fränzl","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Fränzl, Martin"},{"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"De Haan","full_name":"De Haan, Kevin"},{"full_name":"Rivenson, Yair","last_name":"Rivenson","first_name":"Yair"},{"full_name":"Korczak, Zofia","first_name":"Zofia","last_name":"Korczak"},{"last_name":"Adiels","first_name":"Caroline Beck","full_name":"Adiels, Caroline Beck"},{"full_name":"Mijalkov, Mite","first_name":"Mite","last_name":"Mijalkov"},{"full_name":"Veréb, Dániel","last_name":"Veréb","first_name":"Dániel"},{"full_name":"Chang, Yu Wei","last_name":"Chang","first_name":"Yu Wei"},{"first_name":"Joana B.","last_name":"Pereira","full_name":"Pereira, Joana B."},{"full_name":"Matuszewski, Damian","first_name":"Damian","last_name":"Matuszewski"},{"full_name":"Kylberg, Gustaf","last_name":"Kylberg","first_name":"Gustaf"},{"last_name":"Sintorn","first_name":"Ida Maria","full_name":"Sintorn, Ida Maria"},{"first_name":"Juan C.","last_name":"Caicedo","full_name":"Caicedo, Juan C."},{"full_name":"Cimini, Beth A.","first_name":"Beth A.","last_name":"Cimini"},{"full_name":"Lediju Bell, Muyinatu A.","last_name":"Lediju Bell","first_name":"Muyinatu A."},{"full_name":"Saraiva, Bruno M.","first_name":"Bruno M.","last_name":"Saraiva"},{"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Jacquemet","full_name":"Jacquemet, Guillaume"},{"last_name":"Henriques","first_name":"Ricardo","full_name":"Henriques, Ricardo"},{"last_name":"Ouyang","first_name":"Wei","full_name":"Ouyang, Wei"},{"full_name":"Le, Trang","first_name":"Trang","last_name":"Le"},{"last_name":"Gómez-De-Mariscal","first_name":"Estibaliz","full_name":"Gómez-De-Mariscal, Estibaliz"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Sage","full_name":"Sage, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Arrate","last_name":"Muñoz-Barrutia","full_name":"Muñoz-Barrutia, Arrate"},{"first_name":"Ebba Josefson","last_name":"Lindqvist","full_name":"Lindqvist, Ebba Josefson"},{"last_name":"Bergman","first_name":"Johanna","full_name":"Bergman, Johanna"}],"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_updated":"2026-03-23T13:18:11Z","status":"public"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"065418","date_created":"2025-12-21T23:01:34Z","project":[{"_id":"bd8eede5-d553-11ed-ba76-eaded0d13485","grant_number":"E 298","name":"MixQUIckR: Mixing with QUIncke Rollers"},{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics"}],"_id":"20847","publication":"Physical Review E","file":[{"file_id":"20862","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":2131491,"checksum":"d593e933f976c3f3cde37ad66539d57d","date_created":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewE_Fitzgerald.pdf"}],"date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"OA_type":"hybrid","arxiv":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.05643"]},"oa":1,"author":[{"id":"2df8ab8f-080d-11ed-979a-bfe651ca3afa","full_name":"Fitzgerald, Eavan","first_name":"Eavan","last_name":"Fitzgerald"},{"last_name":"Clavaud","first_name":"Cécile","orcid":"0000-0002-1843-3803","full_name":"Clavaud, Cécile","id":"5f654c5d-04a1-11eb-ab36-ba9ffec58bd8"},{"full_name":"Das, Debasish","first_name":"Debasish","last_name":"Das"},{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"title":"Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter","article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Grant DOI: 10.55776/ESP298]. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant\r\nAgreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. We wish to acknowledge the crucial contributions of Alexandre Morin in getting the project off the ground, and Jack Merrin for creating the SU-8 deposition protocol used in the construction of our\r\ncells. We also wish to thank Kimberley Modic and Hamza Nasir for their work on single-particle characterization. ","day":"01","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"ec_funded":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:19:34Z","publication_status":"published","corr_author":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","type":"journal_article","has_accepted_license":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","intvolume":"       112","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/1ss8-31rb","citation":{"short":"E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I.C. Lenton, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 112 (2025).","ama":"Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 2025;112(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb\">10.1103/1ss8-31rb</a>","ieee":"E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I. C. Lenton, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 112, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2025.","ista":"Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. 112(6), 065418.","chicago":"Fitzgerald, Eavan, Cécile Clavaud, Debasish Das, Isaac C Lenton, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb\">https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb</a>.","apa":"Fitzgerald, E., Clavaud, C., Das, D., Lenton, I. C., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb\">https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb</a>","mla":"Fitzgerald, Eavan, et al. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 112, no. 6, 065418, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb\">10.1103/1ss8-31rb</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We report on an experimental active matter system with motion restricted to four cardinal directions. Our particles are magnetite-doped colloidal spheres driven by the Quincke electrorotational instability. The absence of a magnetic field (|𝑩|=0) leads to circular trajectories interspersed with short spontaneous runs. Intermediate fields (|𝑩|≲20mT) linearize the motion along the axis perpendicular to 𝑩. At high magnetic fields, we observe the surprising emergence of a second, distinct linearization along the axis parallel to 𝑩. With numerical simulations, we show that this behavior can be explained by anisotropic magnetic susceptibility."}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","month":"12","issue":"6","file_date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"year":"2025","ddc":["530"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":112},{"ec_funded":1,"day":"01","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"acknowledgement":"This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank Evgeniia Volobueva for advice in preparing PFIB samples. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis group for useful discussions and feedback.","article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","title":"A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy","author":[{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C"},{"id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Pertl"},{"full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","first_name":"Lubuna B","last_name":"Shafeek","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:25Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20908","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_AdvMaterialsInterfaces_Lenton.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":1830117,"checksum":"906fcc7733be8ce8a83600427b82cd5a","date_created":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z"}],"publication":"Advanced Materials Interfaces","_id":"20295","project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics"}],"date_created":"2025-09-07T22:01:33Z","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"e00521","oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.07187"],"isi":["001560163400001"]},"arxiv":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2196-7350"]},"OA_type":"gold","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","issue":"19","month":"10","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","volume":12,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2025","ddc":["530"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"quality_controlled":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","intvolume":"        12","has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"Wiley","type":"journal_article","corr_author":"1","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to probe the surface charge on insulating surfaces. In both cases, relating the measured potential to the underlying signal is non-trivial. Here, general relationships are derived between the measured SKPM voltage and the underlying source, revealing either can be cast as a convolution with an appropriately scaled point spread function (PSF). For charge that exists on a thin insulating layer above a conductor, the PSF has the same shape as what would occur from a work-function variation alone, differing by a simple scaling factor. This relationship is confirmed by: (1) backing it out from finite-element simulations of work-function and charge signals, and (2) experimentally comparing the measured PSF from a small work-function target to that from a small charge spot. This scaling factor is further validated by comparing SKPM charge measurements with Faraday cup measurements for highly charged samples from contact-charging experiments. These results highlight a heretofore unappreciated connection between SKPM voltage and charge signals, offering a rigorous recipe to extract either from experimental data.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Advanced Materials Interfaces 12 (2025).","ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. 2025;12(19). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">10.1002/admi.202500521</a>","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy,” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>, vol. 12, no. 19. Wiley, 2025.","chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521</a>.","ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 12(19), e00521.","apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521</a>","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” <i>Advanced Materials Interfaces</i>, vol. 12, no. 19, e00521, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521\">10.1002/admi.202500521</a>."},"doi":"10.1002/admi.202500521","scopus_import":"1"},{"file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_size":1761373,"date_created":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","checksum":"a5f76b1230cc7b039ecd0dbd6f99e775","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewLetters_Stoellner.pdf","file_id":"20717","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"publication":"Physical Review Letters","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","grant_number":"949120"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","grant_number":"805041"}],"_id":"20705","article_number":"218202","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2025-11-30T23:02:07Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.17591"]},"oa":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007"],"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","department":[{"_id":"ZhAl"},{"_id":"CaMu"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"day":"21","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledgement":"We thank Todor Asenov and Abdulhamid Baghdadi for their outstanding technical support and Dr. Michael Gleichweit and Mercede Azizbaig Mohajer for the helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreements No. 949120 and No. 805041) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project No. 200021-236446). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing service unit.","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-0464-8440","full_name":"Stöllner, Andrea","last_name":"Stöllner","first_name":"Andrea","id":"4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed"},{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","first_name":"Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"full_name":"Volosniev, Artem","orcid":"0000-0003-0393-5525","first_name":"Artem","last_name":"Volosniev","id":"37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Millen","first_name":"James","full_name":"Millen, James"},{"full_name":"Shibuya, Renjiro","last_name":"Shibuya","first_name":"Renjiro"},{"full_name":"Ishii, Hisao","last_name":"Ishii","first_name":"Hisao"},{"id":"70313b46-47c2-11ec-9e88-cd79101918fe","full_name":"Rak, Dmytro","first_name":"Dmytro","last_name":"Rak"},{"id":"45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7183-5203","full_name":"Alpichshev, Zhanybek","last_name":"Alpichshev","first_name":"Zhanybek"},{"last_name":"David","first_name":"Grégory","full_name":"David, Grégory"},{"full_name":"Signorell, Ruth","last_name":"Signorell","first_name":"Ruth"},{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","last_name":"Muller","first_name":"Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"title":"Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:09:27Z","status":"public","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","intvolume":"       135","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","type":"journal_article","corr_author":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Optical tweezers are widely used as a highly sensitive tool to measure forces on micron-scale particles. One such application is the measurement of the electric charge of a particle, which can be done with high precision in liquids, air, or vacuum. We experimentally investigate how the trapping laser itself can electrically charge such a particle, in our case a ∼1  μ⁢m SiO2 sphere in air. We model the charging mechanism as a two-photon process which reproduces the experimental data with high fidelity."}],"citation":{"ista":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, Millen J, Shibuya R, Ishii H, Rak D, Alpichshev Z, David G, Signorell R, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 135(21), 218202.","ieee":"A. Stöllner <i>et al.</i>, “Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 21. American Physical Society, 2025.","chicago":"Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Artem Volosniev, James Millen, Renjiro Shibuya, Hisao Ishii, Dmytro Rak, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj</a>.","ama":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, et al. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2025;135(21). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj\">10.1103/5xd9-4tjj</a>","short":"A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, A. Volosniev, J. Millen, R. Shibuya, H. Ishii, D. Rak, Z. Alpichshev, G. David, R. Signorell, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025).","mla":"Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 21, 218202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj\">10.1103/5xd9-4tjj</a>.","apa":"Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Volosniev, A., Millen, J., Shibuya, R., Ishii, H., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj</a>"},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/trapping-particles-to-explain-lightning/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"doi":"10.1103/5xd9-4tjj","scopus_import":"1","issue":"21","file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","month":"11","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","volume":135,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530","550"],"year":"2025","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}]},{"oa":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.12718"],"isi":["001587263900003"]},"arxiv":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007"],"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"OA_type":"hybrid","date_published":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","file_id":"20522","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewLetters_Pertl.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1692251,"checksum":"7e45e89b8db0b7f01e63185c68e4b0f9","date_created":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","relation":"main_file"}],"publication":"Physical Review Letters","_id":"20481","project":[{"grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"date_created":"2025-10-16T13:13:29Z","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"146202","date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:08:54Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ec_funded":1,"day":"30","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, the Nanofabrication Facility and Lab Support Facility.","OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","title":"No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces","author":[{"full_name":"Pertl, Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af"},{"last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb"},{"full_name":"Cramer, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Cramer"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is widely used in stationary and dynamic studies of contact electrification. An obvious question that connects these two has been overlooked: when are charge dynamics too fast for stationary studies to be meaningful? Using a rapid transfer system to quickly perform KPFM after contact, we find the dynamics are too fast in all but the best insulators. Our data further suggest that dynamics are caused by bulk as opposed to surface conductivity, and that charge-transfer heterogeneity is less prevalent than previously suggested.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2025;135(14). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty\">10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>","short":"F. Pertl, I.C. Lenton, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025).","ista":"Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 135(14), 146202.","ieee":"F. Pertl, I. C. Lenton, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 14. American Physical Society, 2025.","chicago":"Pertl, Felix, Isaac C Lenton, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty\">https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>.","mla":"Pertl, Felix, et al. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 14, 146202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty\">10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>.","apa":"Pertl, F., Lenton, I. C., Cramer, T., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty\">https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>"},"doi":"10.1103/lcsm-xxty","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"20523","status":"public"},{"id":"22684","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"for_moderation"}]},"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       135","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","corr_author":"1","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","volume":135,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"year":"2025","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","issue":"14","month":"09","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)"},{"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["001281681100003"]},"date_published":"2024-07-28T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1089-7550"],"issn":["0021-8979"]},"publication":"Journal of Applied Physics","file":[{"file_name":"2024_JourApplPhysics_Lenton.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":2537502,"checksum":"6141d05cd68d540a7446dce9490975db","date_created":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","file_id":"17386"}],"date_created":"2024-08-04T22:01:21Z","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"045305","_id":"17373","project":[{"name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:08:54Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis Group for useful discussions and feedback.","article_type":"original","ec_funded":1,"day":"28","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"title":"Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging","author":[{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","first_name":"Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Pertl"},{"first_name":"Lubuna B","last_name":"Shafeek","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R"}],"citation":{"ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 136(4), 045305.","chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. AIP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151</a>.","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging,” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 136, no. 4. AIP Publishing, 2024.","short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Journal of Applied Physics 136 (2024).","ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. 2024;136(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">10.1063/5.0215151</a>","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 136, no. 4, 045305, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">10.1063/5.0215151</a>.","apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151</a>"},"abstract":[{"text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations thereof. Regardless of the underlying signal source, SKPM results in a voltage image, which is spatially distorted due to the finite size of the probe, long-range electrostatic interactions, mechanical and electrical noise, and the finite response time of the electronics. In order to recover the underlying signal, it is necessary to deconvolve the measurement with an appropriate point spread function (PSF) that accounts the aforementioned distortions, but determining this PSF is difficult. Here, we describe how such PSFs can be determined experimentally and show how they can be used to recover the underlying information of interest. We first consider the physical principles that enable SKPM and discuss how these affect the system PSF. We then show how one can experimentally measure PSFs by looking at well-defined features, and that these compare well to simulated PSFs, provided scans are performed extremely slowly and carefully. Next, we work at realistic scan speeds and show that the idealized PSFs fail to capture temporal distortions in the scan direction. While simulating PSFs for these situations would be quite challenging, we show that measuring PSFs with similar scan conditions works well. Our approach clarifies the basic principles and inherent challenges to SKPM measurements and gives practical methods to improve results.","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1063/5.0215151","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"for_moderation","id":"22684","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"       136","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","corr_author":"1","publisher":"AIP Publishing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":136,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"year":"2024","month":"07","file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","issue":"4","article_processing_charge":"No","isi":1},{"year":"2023","ddc":["530"],"conference":{"end_date":"2023-04-28","name":"EGU General Assembly","location":"Vienna, Austria & Virtual","start_date":"2023-04-23"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","month":"04","file_date_updated":"2024-01-23T13:00:26Z","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166","citation":{"apa":"Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Muller, C. J., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. In <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. Vienna, Austria &#38; Virtual: European Geosciences Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166\">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166</a>","mla":"Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Measuring Spontaneous Charging of Single Aerosol Particles.” <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>, 6166, European Geosciences Union, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166\">10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166</a>.","short":"A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, in:, EGU General Assembly 2023, European Geosciences Union, 2023.","ama":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. In: <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. European Geosciences Union; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166\">10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166</a>","ista":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles. EGU General Assembly 2023. EGU General Assembly, 6166.","ieee":"A. Stöllner, I. C. Lenton, C. J. Muller, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles,” in <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>, Vienna, Austria &#38; Virtual, 2023.","chicago":"Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Caroline J Muller, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Measuring Spontaneous Charging of Single Aerosol Particles.” In <i>EGU General Assembly 2023</i>. European Geosciences Union, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166\">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6166</a>."},"publication_status":"published","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","type":"conference_abstract","corr_author":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","date_updated":"2025-04-14T07:54:10Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"title":"Measuring spontaneous charging of single aerosol particles","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-0464-8440","full_name":"Stöllner, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Stöllner","id":"4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed"},{"last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb"},{"id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","last_name":"Muller","first_name":"Caroline J"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Starting Grant (No. 949120).","ec_funded":1,"department":[{"_id":"CaMu"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"day":"23","date_published":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-01-22T12:09:07Z","article_number":"6166","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"14864","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"publication":"EGU General Assembly 2023","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2024-01-23T13:00:26Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"14880","file_name":"2023_EGU_Stoellner.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-01-23T13:00:26Z","checksum":"8d6ddbb359e584b156f991f00196d86b","file_size":419736,"relation":"main_file"}]}]